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Frey C, Arad M, Ku K, Hare R, Balagtas R, Shi Y, Moon KM, Foster LJ, Ghafourifar G. Development of automated proteomic workflows utilizing silicon-based coupling agents. J Proteomics 2024; 303:105215. [PMID: 38843981 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2024.105215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Automated methods for enzyme immobilization via 4-triethoxysilylbutyraldehyde (TESB) derived silicone-based coupling agents were developed. TESB and its oxidized derivative, 4-triethoxysilylbutanoic acid (TESBA), were determined to be the most effective. The resulting immobilized enzyme particles (IEPs) displayed robustness, rapid digestion, and immobilization efficiency of 51 ± 8%. Furthermore, we automated the IEP procedure, allowing for multiple enzymes, and/or coupling agents to be fabricated at once, in a fraction of the time via an Agilent Bravo. The automated trypsin TESB and TESBA IEPs were shown to rival a classical in-gel digestion method. Moreover, pepsin IEPs favored cleavage at leucine (>50%) over aromatic and methionine residues. The IEP method was then adapted for an in-situ immobilized enzyme microreactor (IMER) fabrication. We determined that TESBA could functionalize the silica capillary's inner wall while simultaneously acting as an enzyme coupler. The IMER digestion of bovine serum albumin (BSA), mirroring IEP digestion conditions, yielded a 33-40% primary sequence coverage per LC-MS/MS analysis in as little as 15 min. Overall, our findings underscore the potential of both IEP and IMER methods, paving the way for automated analysis and a reduction in enzyme waste through reuse, thereby contributing to a more cost-effective and timely study of the proteome. SIGNIFICANCE: This research introduces 4-triethoxysilylbutyraldehyde (TESB) and its derivatives as silicon-based enzyme coupling agents and an automated liquid handling method for bottom-up proteomics (BUP) while streamlining sample preparation for high-throughput processing. Additionally, immobilized enzyme particle (IEP) fabrication and digestion within the 96-well plate allows for flexibility in protocol where different enzyme-coupler combinations can be employed simultaneously. By enabling the digestion of entire microplates and reducing manual labor, the proposed method enhances reproducibility and offers a more efficient alternative to classical in-gel techniques. Furthermore, pepsin IEPs were noted to favor cleavage at leucine residues which represents an interesting finding when compared to the literature that warrants further study. The capability of immobilized enzyme microreactors (IMER) for rapid digestion (in as little as 15 min) demonstrated the system's efficiency and potential for rapid proteomic analysis. This advancement in BUP not only improves efficiency, but also opens avenues for a fully automated, mass spectrometry-integrated proteomics workflow, promising to expedite research and discoveries in complex biological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor Frey
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Fraser Valley, 33844 King Road, Abbotsford, BC V2S 7M8, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, 2194 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada.
| | - Maor Arad
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Fraser Valley, 33844 King Road, Abbotsford, BC V2S 7M8, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z4, Canada.
| | - Kenneth Ku
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Fraser Valley, 33844 King Road, Abbotsford, BC V2S 7M8, Canada
| | - Rhien Hare
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Fraser Valley, 33844 King Road, Abbotsford, BC V2S 7M8, Canada; Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada.
| | - Ronald Balagtas
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Fraser Valley, 33844 King Road, Abbotsford, BC V2S 7M8, Canada.
| | - Yuming Shi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z4, Canada.
| | - Kyung-Mee Moon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z4, Canada.
| | - Leonard J Foster
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z4, Canada.
| | - Golfam Ghafourifar
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Fraser Valley, 33844 King Road, Abbotsford, BC V2S 7M8, Canada.
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2
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Zole E, Sathyanarayanan G, Regenberg B, Kutter JP. Microfluidic isolation of extrachromosomal circular DNA through selective digestion of plasmids and linear DNA using immobilized nucleases. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:3101-3111. [PMID: 38752699 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc01028g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Extrachromosomal circular DNA (eccDNA) refers to small circular DNA molecules that are distinct from chromosomal DNA and play diverse roles in various biological processes. They are also explored as potential biomarkers for disease diagnosis and precision medicine. However, isolating eccDNA from tissues and plasma is challenging due to low abundance and the presence of interfering linear DNA, requiring time-consuming processes and expert handling. Our study addresses this by utilizing a microfluidic chip tailored for eccDNA isolation, leveraging microfluidic principles for enzymatic removal of non-circular DNA. Our approach involves integrating restriction enzymes into the microfluidic chip, enabling selective digestion of mitochondrial and linear DNA fragments while preserving eccDNA integrity. This integration is facilitated by an in situ photo-polymerized emulsion inside microchannels, creating a porous monolithic structure suitable for immobilizing restriction and exonuclease enzymes (restriction enzyme MssI and exonuclease ExoV). Evaluation using control DNA mixtures and plasma samples with artificially introduced eccDNA demonstrated that our microfluidic chips reduce linear DNA by over 99%, performing comparable to conventional off-chip methods but with substantially faster digestion times, allowing for a remarkable 76-fold acceleration in overall sample preparation time. This technological advancement holds great promise for enhancing the isolation and analysis of eccDNA from tissue and plasma and the potential for increasing the speed of other molecular methods with multiple enzymatic steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Egija Zole
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Birgitte Regenberg
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jörg P Kutter
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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3
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Zhou Y, Jönsson A, Sticker D, Zhou G, Yuan Z, Kutter JP, Emmer Å. Thiol-ene-based microfluidic chips for glycopeptide enrichment and online digestion of inflammation-related proteins osteopontin and immunoglobulin G. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023; 415:1173-1185. [PMID: 36607393 PMCID: PMC9817458 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-04498-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Proteins, and more specifically glycoproteins, have been widely used as biomarkers, e.g., to monitor disease states. Bottom-up approaches based on mass spectrometry (MS) are techniques commonly utilized in glycoproteomics, involving protein digestion and glycopeptide enrichment. Here, a dual function polymeric thiol-ene-based microfluidic chip (TE microchip) was applied for the analysis of the proteins osteopontin (OPN) and immunoglobulin G (IgG), which have important roles in autoimmune diseases, in inflammatory diseases, and in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). TE microchips with larger internal surface features immobilized with trypsin were successfully utilized for OPN digestion, providing rapid and efficient digestion with a residence time of a few seconds. Furthermore, TE microchips surface-modified with ascorbic acid linker (TEA microchip) have been successfully utilized for IgG glycopeptide enrichment. To illustrate the use of the chips for more complex samples, they were applied to enrich IgG glycopeptides from human serum samples with antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The dual functional TE microchips could provide high throughput for online protein digestion and glycopeptide enrichment, showing great promise for future extended applications in proteomics and the study of related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuye Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alexander Jönsson
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Drago Sticker
- Novo Nordisk A/S, Biophysics and Formulation, 2760, Måløv, Denmark
| | - Guojun Zhou
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Zishuo Yuan
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jörg P Kutter
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Åsa Emmer
- Department of Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44, Stockholm, Sweden.
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4
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Rainer T, Egger AS, Zeindl R, Tollinger M, Kwiatkowski M, Müller T. 3D-Printed High-Pressure-Resistant Immobilized Enzyme Microreactor (μIMER) for Protein Analysis. Anal Chem 2022; 94:8580-8587. [PMID: 35678765 PMCID: PMC9218953 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c05232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Additive manufacturing
(3D printing) has greatly revolutionized
the way researchers approach certain technical challenges. Despite
its outstanding print quality and resolution, stereolithography (SLA)
printing is cost-effective and relatively accessible. However, applications
involving mass spectrometry (MS) are few due to residual oligomers
and additives leaching from SLA-printed devices that interfere with
MS analyses. We identified the crosslinking agent urethane dimethacrylate
as the main contaminant derived from SLA prints. A stringent washing
and post-curing protocol mitigated sample contamination and rendered
SLA prints suitable for MS hyphenation. Thereafter, SLA printing was
used to produce 360 μm I.D. microcolumn chips with excellent
structural properties. By packing the column with polystyrene microspheres
and covalently immobilizing pepsin, an exceptionally effective microscale
immobilized enzyme reactor (μIMER) was created. Implemented
in an online liquid chromatography-MS/MS setup, the protease microcolumn
enabled reproducible protein digestion and peptide mapping with 100%
sequence coverage obtained for three different recombinant proteins.
Additionally, when assessing the μIMER digestion efficiency
for complex proteome samples, it delivered a 144-fold faster and significantly
more efficient protein digestion compared to 24 h for bulk digestion.
The 3D-printed μIMER withstands remarkably high pressures above
130 bar and retains its activity for several weeks. This versatile
platform will enable researchers to produce tailored polymer-based
enzyme reactors for various applications in analytical chemistry and
beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Rainer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences (CMBI), Leopold-Franzens University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Anna-Sophia Egger
- Institute of Biochemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences (CMBI), Leopold-Franzens University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ricarda Zeindl
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences (CMBI), Leopold-Franzens University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Martin Tollinger
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences (CMBI), Leopold-Franzens University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Marcel Kwiatkowski
- Institute of Biochemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences (CMBI), Leopold-Franzens University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Thomas Müller
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences (CMBI), Leopold-Franzens University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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Morellon-Sterling R, Tavano O, Bolivar JM, Berenguer-Murcia Á, Vela-Gutiérrez G, Sabir JSM, Tacias-Pascacio VG, Fernandez-Lafuente R. A review on the immobilization of pepsin: A Lys-poor enzyme that is unstable at alkaline pH values. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 210:682-702. [PMID: 35508226 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.04.224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Pepsin is a protease used in many different applications, and in many instances, it is utilized in an immobilized form to prevent contamination of the reaction product. This enzyme has two peculiarities that make its immobilization complex. The first one is related to the poor presence of primary amino groups on its surface (just one Lys and the terminal amino group). The second one is its poor stability at alkaline pH values. Both features make the immobilization of this enzyme to be considered a complicated goal, as most of the immobilization protocols utilize primary amino groups for immobilization. This review presents some of the attempts to get immobilized pepsin biocatalyst and their applications. The high density of anionic groups (Asp and Glu) make the anion exchange of the enzyme simpler, but this makes many of the strategies utilized to immobilize the enzyme (e.g., amino-glutaraldehyde supports) more related to a mixed ion exchange/hydrophobic adsorption than to real covalent immobilization. Finally, we propose some possibilities that can permit not only the covalent immobilization of this enzyme, but also their stabilization via multipoint covalent attachment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Morellon-Sterling
- Departamento de Biocatálisis, ICP-CSIC, Marie Curie 2, Campus UAM-CSIC Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain; Student of Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Darwin 2, Campus UAM-CSIC, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Olga Tavano
- Faculty of Nutrition, Alfenas Federal Univ., 700 Gabriel Monteiro da Silva St, Alfenas, MG 37130-000, Brazil
| | - Juan M Bolivar
- Chemical and Materials Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Complutense Ave., Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Ángel Berenguer-Murcia
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica e Instituto Universitario de Materiales, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Gilber Vela-Gutiérrez
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Nutrición y Alimentos, Universidad de Ciencias y Artes de Chiapas, Lib. Norte Pte. 1150, 29039 Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, Mexico
| | - Jamal S M Sabir
- Centre of Excellence in Bionanoscience Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Veymar G Tacias-Pascacio
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Nutrición y Alimentos, Universidad de Ciencias y Artes de Chiapas, Lib. Norte Pte. 1150, 29039 Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, Mexico; Tecnológico Nacional de México, Instituto Tecnológico de Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Carretera Panamericana Km. 1080, 29050 Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, Mexico.
| | - Roberto Fernandez-Lafuente
- Departamento de Biocatálisis, ICP-CSIC, Marie Curie 2, Campus UAM-CSIC Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain; Center of Excellence in Bionanoscience Research, External Scientific Advisory Academics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
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6
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Microfluidic Immobilized Enzymatic Reactors for Proteomic Analyses—Recent Developments and Trends (2017–2021). MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13020311. [PMID: 35208435 PMCID: PMC8879403 DOI: 10.3390/mi13020311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Given the strong interdisciplinary nature of microfluidic immobilized enzyme reactor (μ-IMER) technology, several branches of science contribute to its successful implementation. A combination of physical, chemical knowledge and engineering skills is often required. The development and application of μ-IMERs in the proteomic community are experiencing increasing importance due to their attractive features of enzyme reusability, shorter digestion times, the ability to handle minute volumes of sample and the prospect of on-line integration into analytical workflows. The aim of this review is to give an account of the current (2017–2021) trends regarding the preparation of microdevices, immobilization strategies, and IMER configurations. The different aspects of microfabrication (designs, fabrication technologies and detectors) and enzyme immobilization (empty and packed channels, and monolithic supports) are surveyed focusing on μ-IMERs developed for proteomic analysis. Based on the advantages and limitations of the published approaches and the different applications, a probable perspective is given.
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7
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Dual-function monolithic enzyme reactor based on dopamine/graphene oxide coating for simultaneous protein enzymatic hydrolysis and glycopeptide enrichment. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1666:462848. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.462848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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8
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Comamala G, Krogh CC, Nielsen VS, Kutter JP, Voglmeir J, Rand KD. Hydrogen/Deuterium Exchange Mass Spectrometry with Integrated Electrochemical Reduction and Microchip-Enabled Deglycosylation for Epitope Mapping of Heavily Glycosylated and Disulfide-Bonded Proteins. Anal Chem 2021; 93:16330-16340. [PMID: 34843209 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c01728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS) is a recognized method to study protein conformational dynamics and interactions. Proteins encompassing post-translational modifications (PTMs), such as disulfide bonds and glycosylations, present challenges to HDX-MS, as disulfide bond reduction and deglycosylation is often required to extract HDX information from regions containing these PTMs. In-solution deglycosylation with peptide-N4-(N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminyl)-asparagine amidase A (PNGase A) or PNGase H+ combined with chemical reduction using tris-(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine (TCEP) has previously been used for HDX-MS analysis of disulfide-linked glycoproteins. However, this workflow requires extensive manual sample preparation and consumes large amounts of enzyme. Furthermore, large amounts of TCEP and glycosidases often result in suboptimal liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) performance. Here, we compare the in-solution activity of PNGase A, PNGase H+, and the newly discovered PNGase Dj under quench conditions and immobilize them onto thiol-ene microfluidic chips to create HDX-MS-compatible immobilized microfluidic enzyme reactors (IMERs). The IMERS retain deglycosylation activity, also following repeated use and long-term storage. Furthermore, we combine a PNGase Dj IMER, a pepsin IMER, and an electrochemical cell to develop an HDX-MS setup capable of efficient online disulfide-bond reduction, deglycosylation, and proteolysis. We demonstrate the applicability of this setup by mapping the epitope of a monoclonal antibody (mAb) on the heavily disulfide-bonded and glycosylated sema-domain of the tyrosine-protein kinase Met (SD c-Met). We achieve near-complete sequence coverage and extract HDX data to identify regions of SD c-Met involved in mAb binding. The described methodology thus presents an integrated and online workflow for improved HDX-MS analysis of challenging PTM-rich proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard Comamala
- Protein Analysis Group, Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Camilla C Krogh
- Protein Analysis Group, Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vibe S Nielsen
- Protein Analysis Group, Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jörg P Kutter
- Microscale Analytical Systems Group, Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Josef Voglmeir
- Glycomics and Glycan Bioengineering Research Center (GGBRC), College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Kasper D Rand
- Protein Analysis Group, Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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9
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Wouters B, Currivan S, Abdulhussain N, Hankemeier T, Schoenmakers P. Immobilized-enzyme reactors integrated into analytical platforms: Recent advances and challenges. Trends Analyt Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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10
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Fairbanks BD, Macdougall LJ, Mavila S, Sinha J, Kirkpatrick BE, Anseth KS, Bowman CN. Photoclick Chemistry: A Bright Idea. Chem Rev 2021; 121:6915-6990. [PMID: 33835796 PMCID: PMC9883840 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
At its basic conceptualization, photoclick chemistry embodies a collection of click reactions that are performed via the application of light. The emergence of this concept has had diverse impact over a broad range of chemical and biological research due to the spatiotemporal control, high selectivity, and excellent product yields afforded by the combination of light and click chemistry. While the reactions designated as "photoclick" have many important features in common, each has its own particular combination of advantages and shortcomings. A more extensive realization of the potential of this chemistry requires a broader understanding of the physical and chemical characteristics of the specific reactions. This review discusses the features of the most frequently employed photoclick reactions reported in the literature: photomediated azide-alkyne cycloadditions, other 1,3-dipolarcycloadditions, Diels-Alder and inverse electron demand Diels-Alder additions, radical alternating addition chain transfer additions, and nucleophilic additions. Applications of these reactions in a variety of chemical syntheses, materials chemistry, and biological contexts are surveyed, with particular attention paid to the respective strengths and limitations of each reaction and how that reaction benefits from its combination with light. Finally, challenges to broader employment of these reactions are discussed, along with strategies and opportunities to mitigate such obstacles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin D Fairbanks
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Laura J Macdougall
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Sudheendran Mavila
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Jasmine Sinha
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Bruce E Kirkpatrick
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
- The BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
- Medical Scientist Training Program, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Coorado 80045, United States
| | - Kristi S Anseth
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
- The BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Christopher N Bowman
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
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11
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Grajewski M, Hermann M, Oleschuk R, Verpoorte E, Salentijn G. Leveraging 3D printing to enhance mass spectrometry: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1166:338332. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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12
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Non-aqueous electrophoresis integrated with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry on a thiol-ene polymer-based microchip device. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:4195-4205. [PMID: 33954829 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03374-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Non-aqueous capillary electrophoresis (NACE) on microfluidic chips is still a comparatively little explored area, despite the inherent advantages of this technique and its application potential for, in particular, lipophilic compounds. A main reason is probably the fact that implementation of NACE on microchips largely precluded the use of polymeric substrate materials. Here, we report non-aqueous electrophoresis on a thiol-ene-based microfluidic chip coupled to mass spectrometry via an on-chip ESI interface. Microchips with an integrated ESI emitter were fabricated using a double-molding approach. The durability of thiol-ene, when exposed to different organic solvents, was investigated with respect to swelling and decomposition of the polymer. Thiol-ene exhibited good stability against organic solvents such as methanol, ethanol, N-methylformamide, and formamide, which allows for a wide range of background electrolyte compositions. The integrated ESI emitter provided a stable spray with RSD% of the ESI signal ≤8%. Separation efficiency of the developed microchip electrophoresis system in different non-aqueous buffer solutions was tested with a mixture of several drugs of abuse. Ethanol- and methanol-based buffers provided comparable high theoretical plate numbers (≈ 6.6 × 104-1.6 × 105 m-1) with ethanol exhibiting the best separation efficiency. Direct coupling of non-aqueous electrophoresis to mass spectrometry allowed for fast analysis of hydrophobic compounds in the range of 0.1-5 μg mL-1 and 0.2-10 μg mL-1 and very good sensitivities (LOD ≈ 0.06-0.28 μg mL-1; LOQ ≈ 0.20-0.90 μg mL-1). The novel combination of non-aqueous CE on a microfluidic thiol-ene device and ESI-MS provides a mass-producible and highly versatile system for the analysis of, in particular, lipophilic compounds in a wide range of organic solvents. This offers promising potential for future applications in forensic, clinical, and environmental analysis. Graphical abstract.
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13
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Davis JJ, Foster SW, Grinias JP. Low-cost and open-source strategies for chemical separations. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1638:461820. [PMID: 33453654 PMCID: PMC7870555 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, a trend toward utilizing open access resources for laboratory research has begun. Open-source design strategies for scientific hardware rely upon the use of widely available parts, especially those that can be directly printed using additive manufacturing techniques and electronic components that can be connected to low-cost microcontrollers. Open-source software eliminates the need for expensive commercial licenses and provides the opportunity to design programs for specific needs. In this review, the impact of the "open-source movement" within the field of chemical separations is described, primarily through a comprehensive look at research in this area over the past five years. Topics that are covered include general laboratory equipment, sample preparation techniques, separations-based analysis, detection strategies, electronic system control, and software for data processing. Remaining hurdles and possible opportunities for further adoption of open-source approaches in the context of these separations-related topics are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua J Davis
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, United States
| | - Samuel W Foster
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, United States
| | - James P Grinias
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, United States.
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14
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Svejdal RR, Sticker D, Sønderby C, Kutter JP, Rand KD. Thiol-ene microfluidic chip for fast on-chip sample clean-up, separation and ESI mass spectrometry of peptides and proteins. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1140:168-177. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.09.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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15
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Lu N, Sticker D, Kretschmann A, Petersen NJ, Kutter JP. A thiol-ene microfluidic device enabling continuous enzymatic digestion and electrophoretic separation as front-end to mass spectrometric peptide analysis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:3559-3571. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02609-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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16
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Sticker D, Geczy R, Häfeli UO, Kutter JP. Thiol-Ene Based Polymers as Versatile Materials for Microfluidic Devices for Life Sciences Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:10080-10095. [PMID: 32048822 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b22050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
While there is a steady growth in the number of microfluidics applications, the search for an optimal material that delivers the diverse characteristics needed for the numerous tasks is still nowhere close to being settled. Often overlooked and still underrepresented, the thiol-ene family of polymer materials has an enormous potential for applications in organs-on-a-chip, droplet productions, microanalytics, and point of care testing. In this review, the main characteristics of the thiol-ene materials are given, and advantages and drawbacks with respect to their potential in microfluidic chip fabrication are critically assessed. Select applications, which exploit the versatility of the thiol-ene polymers, are presented and discussed. It is concluded that, in particular, the rapid prototyping possibility combined with the material's resulting mechanical strength, solvent resistance, and biocompatibility, as well as the inherently easy surface functionalization, are strong factors to make thiol-ene polymers strong contenders for promising future materials for many biological, clinical, and technical lab-on-a-chip applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drago Sticker
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Reka Geczy
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Urs O Häfeli
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Jörg P Kutter
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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17
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Integrated microfluidic chip for on-line proteome analysis with combination of denaturing and rapid digestion of protein. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1102:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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18
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Chen G, Zhu X, Chen R, Liao Q, Ye D, Feng H, Liu J, Liu M, Wang K. Structured Ni–B amorphous alloy catalysts on Ni foam for a gas–liquid–solid microreactor. Catal Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cy02504a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this work, structured Ni–B amorphous alloy catalysts on Ni foam (termed as Ni–B/Ni foam catalysts) were proposed for nitrobenzene catalytic hydrogenation by a facile and effective electroless plating technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems (Chongqing University)
- Ministry of Education
- Chongqing 400030
- China
- Institute of Engineering Thermophysics
| | - Xun Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems (Chongqing University)
- Ministry of Education
- Chongqing 400030
- China
- Institute of Engineering Thermophysics
| | - Rong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems (Chongqing University)
- Ministry of Education
- Chongqing 400030
- China
- Institute of Engineering Thermophysics
| | - Qiang Liao
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems (Chongqing University)
- Ministry of Education
- Chongqing 400030
- China
- Institute of Engineering Thermophysics
| | - Dingding Ye
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems (Chongqing University)
- Ministry of Education
- Chongqing 400030
- China
- Institute of Engineering Thermophysics
| | - Hao Feng
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems (Chongqing University)
- Ministry of Education
- Chongqing 400030
- China
- Institute of Engineering Thermophysics
| | - Jian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems (Chongqing University)
- Ministry of Education
- Chongqing 400030
- China
- Institute of Engineering Thermophysics
| | - Ming Liu
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems (Chongqing University)
- Ministry of Education
- Chongqing 400030
- China
- Institute of Engineering Thermophysics
| | - Kun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems (Chongqing University)
- Ministry of Education
- Chongqing 400030
- China
- Institute of Engineering Thermophysics
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19
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Ma S, Li Y, Ma C, Wang Y, Ou J, Ye M. Challenges and Advances in the Fabrication of Monolithic Bioseparation Materials and their Applications in Proteomics Research. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1902023. [PMID: 31502719 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201902023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
High-performance liquid chromatography integrated with tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) has become a powerful technique for proteomics research. Its performance heavily depends on the separation efficiency of HPLC, which in turn depends on the chromatographic material. As the "heart" of the HPLC system, the chromatographic material is required to achieve excellent column efficiency and fast analysis. Monolithic materials, fabricated as continuous supports with interconnected skeletal structure and flow-through pores, are regarded as an alternative to particle-packed columns. Such materials are featured with easy preparation, fast mass transfer, high porosity, low back pressure, and miniaturization, and are next-generation separation materials for high-throughput proteins and peptides analysis. Herein, the recent progress regarding the fabrication of various monolithic materials is reviewed. Special emphasis is placed on studies of the fabrication of monolithic capillary columns and their applications in separation of biomolecules by capillary liquid chromatography (cLC). The applications of monolithic materials in the digestion, enrichment, and separation of phosphopeptides and glycopeptides from biological samples are also considered. Finally, advances in comprehensive 2D HPLC separations using monolithic columns are also shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujuan Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Ya Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Chen Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Yan Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Junjie Ou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Dalian, 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Mingliang Ye
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Dalian, 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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20
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Use of thiol functionalities for the preparation of porous monolithic structures and modulation of their surface chemistry: A review. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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21
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Alzahrani E. Organic Boronate Affinity Sorbent for Capture of cis-Diol Containing Compounds
Eman Alzahrani. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.14233/ajchem.2019.22108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Boronate affinity chromatography (BAC) is argued to be a critical tool in specific capture and separation of cis-diol containing compounds. In present study, organic boronate affinity monolith poly(3-acrylamido phenylboronic acid-co-ethylene dimethacrylate) (AAPBA-co-EDMA) is prepared through one-step in situ polymerization procedure within a micropipette through the application of a pre-polymerization mixture which contains functional monomer (3-acrylamido phenylboronic acid), cross-linker (ethylene dimethacrylate), porogenic solvent (methanol with poly ethylene glycol) and initiator (2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenyl-acetophenone). Following the optimization of time exposure to UV lamp with 365 nm, the macroporous organic boronate monolith was selected. Several approaches including SEM and BET analysis, FT-IR spectroscopy and measuring contact angle were applied in the characterization of the morphology of the monolith. Several cis-diol compounds that include catechol and galactose are applied in the assessment of the boronate affinity of the organic monolithic material. Additionally, the capture of glucose from urine sample is also conducted. The basic principle of the
approach is that boronic acid forms covalent bond with cis-diols in basic solutions whereas the ester bonds are dissociated under acidic media. By using the study results, monolith demonstrate good selectivity towards cis-diol containing compounds. Due to the hydrophilic property of monolith, the affinity chromatography monolith can be performed for several cis-diol compounds including glycoproteins and nucleosides. Also, fabrication of the organic boronate monolithic in microfluidic equipment is essential in facilitating the extraction of boronate affinity using small-volume samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Alzahrani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Taif University, Taif, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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22
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Surface modification with highly-homogeneous porous silica layer for enzyme immobilization in capillary enzyme microreactors. Talanta 2019; 197:539-547. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.01.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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23
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Immobilization of proteolytic enzymes on replica-molded thiol-ene micropillar reactors via thiol-gold interaction. Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 411:2339-2349. [PMID: 30899997 PMCID: PMC6459972 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-01674-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We introduce rapid replica molding of ordered, high-aspect-ratio, thiol-ene micropillar arrays for implementation of microfluidic immobilized enzyme reactors (IMERs). By exploiting the abundance of free surface thiols of off-stoichiometric thiol-ene compositions, we were able to functionalize the native thiol-ene micropillars with gold nanoparticles (GNPs) and these with proteolytic α-chymotrypsin (CHT) via thiol-gold interaction. The micropillar arrays were replicated via PDMS soft lithography, which facilitated thiol-ene curing without the photoinitiators, and thus straightforward bonding and good control over the surface chemistry (number of free surface thiols). The specificity of thiol-gold interaction was demonstrated over allyl-rich thiol-ene surfaces and the robustness of the CHT-IMERs at different flow rates and reaction temperatures using bradykinin hydrolysis as the model reaction. The product conversion rate was shown to increase as a function of decreasing flow rate (increasing residence time) and upon heating of the IMER to physiological temperature. Owing to the effective enzyme immobilization onto the micropillar array by GNPs, no further purification of the reaction solution was required prior to mass spectrometric detection of the bradykinin hydrolysis products and no clogging problems, commonly associated with conventional capillary packings, were observed. The activity of the IMER remained stable for at least 1.5 h (continuous use), suggesting that the developed protocol may provide a robust, new approach to implementation of IMER technology for proteomics research. Graphical abstract.
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24
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Abstract
This manuscript reviews recent developments in click chemistry in microscale systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Hong
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Central South University
- Changsha
- China
| | - Wenfang Liu
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Central South University
- Changsha
- China
| | - Ming Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Yangzhou University
- Yangzhou
- China
| | - Chuanpin Chen
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Central South University
- Changsha
- China
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25
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Svejdal RR, Dickinson ER, Sticker D, Kutter JP, Rand KD. Thiol-ene Microfluidic Chip for Performing Hydrogen/Deuterium Exchange of Proteins at Subsecond Time Scales. Anal Chem 2018; 91:1309-1317. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b03050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rasmus R. Svejdal
- Protein Analysis Group, Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Eleanor R. Dickinson
- Protein Analysis Group, Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Drago Sticker
- Protein Analysis Group, Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Microscale Analytical Systems Group, Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jörg P. Kutter
- Microscale Analytical Systems Group, Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kasper D. Rand
- Protein Analysis Group, Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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26
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Naldi M, Tramarin A, Bartolini M. Immobilized enzyme-based analytical tools in the -omics era: Recent advances. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 160:222-237. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.07.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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27
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Dixit C, Kadimisetty K, Rusling J. 3D-printed miniaturized fluidic tools in chemistry and biology. Trends Analyt Chem 2018; 106:37-52. [PMID: 32296252 PMCID: PMC7158885 DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2018.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
3D printing (3DP), an additive manufacturing (AM) approach allowing for rapid prototyping and decentralized fabrication on-demand, has become a common method for creating parts or whole devices. The wide scope of the AM extends from organized sectors of construction, ornament, medical, and R&D industries to individual explorers attributed to the low cost, high quality printers along with revolutionary tools and polymers. While progress is being made but big manufacturing challenges are still there. Considering the quickly shifting narrative towards miniaturized analytical systems (MAS) we focus on the development/rapid prototyping and manufacturing of MAS with 3DP, and application dependent challenges in engineering designs and choice of the polymeric materials and provide an exhaustive background to the applications of 3DP in biology and chemistry. This will allow readers to perceive the most important features of AM in creating (i) various individual and modular components, and (ii) complete integrated tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- C.K. Dixit
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-3060, United States
| | - K. Kadimisetty
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-3060, United States
| | - J. Rusling
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-3060, United States
- Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-3136, United States
- Department of Surgery and Neag Cancer Centre, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, United States
- School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland at Galway, Galway, Ireland
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28
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29
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Hansen FA, Sticker D, Kutter JP, Petersen NJ, Pedersen-Bjergaard S. Nanoliter-Scale Electromembrane Extraction and Enrichment in a Microfluidic Chip. Anal Chem 2018; 90:9322-9329. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b01936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Frederik A. Hansen
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Drago Sticker
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jörg P. Kutter
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nickolaj J. Petersen
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stig Pedersen-Bjergaard
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1068 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway
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30
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Wang D, Huang X, Li J, He B, Liu Q, Hu L, Jiang G. 3D printing of graphene-doped target for "matrix-free" laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:2723-2726. [PMID: 29355261 DOI: 10.1039/c7cc09649f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We report a graphene-doped resin target fabricated via a 3D printing technique for laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry analysis. The graphene doped in the target acts as an inherent laser absorber and ionization promoter, thus permitting the direct analysis of samples without adding matrix. This work reveals a new strategy for easy designing and fabrication of functional mass spectrometry devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
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31
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Jönsson A, Lafleur JP. Fabrication of Biomolecule Microarrays Using Rapid Photochemical Surface Patterning in Thiol-Ene-Based Microfluidic Devices. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1771:171-182. [PMID: 29633213 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7792-5_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In many biochip applications, it is advantageous to be able to immobilize biomolecules at specific locations on the surface of solid supports. In this protocol, we describe a photochemical surface patterning procedure based on thiol-ene/yne photochemistry which allows for the simple and rapid selective patterning of biomolecules on thiol-ene solid supports. We describe the preparation of solid supports which are required for the immobilization, including porous monoliths, as well as two different immobilization schemes based on biotin-streptavidin interactions and covalent linkage via free amino groups respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Jönsson
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Josiane P Lafleur
- Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria.
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32
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Bataille J, Viodé A, Pereiro I, Lafleur JP, Varenne F, Descroix S, Becher F, Kutter JP, Roesch C, Poüs C, Taverna M, Pallandre A, Smadja C, Le Potier I. On-a-chip tryptic digestion of transthyretin: a step toward an integrated microfluidic system for the follow-up of familial transthyretin amyloidosis. Analyst 2018; 143:1077-1086. [DOI: 10.1039/c7an01737e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
TTR digestion on TE-chip: production of a fragment of interest allowing the therapeutic follow-up of the familial transthyretin amyloidosis.
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33
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Andjelković U, Tufegdžić S, Popović M. Use of monolithic supports for high-throughput protein and peptide separation in proteomics. Electrophoresis 2017; 38:2851-2869. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201700260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 09/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Uroš Andjelković
- Department of Chemistry-Institute of Chemistry; Technology and Metallurgy; University of Belgrade; Belgrade Serbia
- Department of Biotechnology; University of Rijeka; Rijeka Croatia
| | - Srdjan Tufegdžić
- Department of Chemistry-Institute of Chemistry; Technology and Metallurgy; University of Belgrade; Belgrade Serbia
| | - Milica Popović
- Faculty of Chemistry; University of Belgrade; Belgrade Serbia
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34
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Yi L, Piehowski PD, Shi T, Smith RD, Qian WJ. Advances in microscale separations towards nanoproteomics applications. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1523:40-48. [PMID: 28765000 PMCID: PMC6042839 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.07.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Microscale separation (e.g., liquid chromatography or capillary electrophoresis) coupled with mass spectrometry (MS) has become the primary tool for advanced proteomics, an indispensable technology for gaining understanding of complex biological processes. In recent decades significant advances have been achieved in MS-based proteomics. However, the current proteomics platforms still face an analytical challenge in overall sensitivity towards nanoproteomics applications for starting materials of less than 1μg total proteins (e.g., cellular heterogeneity in tissue pathologies). Herein, we review recent advances in microscale separation techniques and integrated sample processing strategies that improve the overall sensitivity and proteome coverage of the proteomics workflow, and their contributions towards nanoproteomics applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Yi
- Biological Sciences Division and Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, United States
| | - Paul D Piehowski
- Biological Sciences Division and Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, United States
| | - Tujin Shi
- Biological Sciences Division and Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, United States
| | - Richard D Smith
- Biological Sciences Division and Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, United States
| | - Wei-Jun Qian
- Biological Sciences Division and Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, United States.
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35
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36
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Abstract
Measuring the catalytic activity of immobilized enzymes underpins development of biosensing, bioprocessing, and analytical chemistry tools. To expand the range of approaches available for measuring enzymatic activity, we report on a technique to probe activity of enzymes immobilized in porous materials in the absence of confounding mass transport artifacts. We measured reaction kinetics of calf intestinal alkaline phosphatase (CIAP) immobilized in benzophenone-modified polyacrylamide (BPMA-PAAm) gel films housed in an array of fluidically isolated chambers. To ensure kinetics measurements are not confounded by mass transport limitations, we employed Weisz's modulus (Φ), which compares observed enzyme-catalyzed reaction rates to characteristic substrate diffusion times. We characterized activity of CIAP immobilized in BPMA-PAAm gels in a reaction-limited regime (Φ ≪ 0.15 for all measurements), allowing us to isolate the effect of immobilization on enzymatic activity. Immobilization of CIAP in BPMA-PAAm gels produced a ∼2× loss in apparent enzyme-substrate affinity (Km) and ∼200× decrease in intrinsic catalytic activity (kcat) relative to in-solution measurements. As estimating Km and kcat requires multiple steps of data manipulation, we developed a computational approach (bootstrapping) to propagate uncertainty in calibration data through all data manipulation steps. Numerical simulation revealed that calibration error is only negligible when the normalized root-mean-squared error (NRMSE) in the calibration falls below 0.05%. Importantly, bootstrapping is independent of the mathematical model, and thus generalizable beyond enzyme kinetics studies. Furthermore, the measurement tool presented can be readily adapted to study other porous immobilization supports, facilitating rational design (immobilization method, geometry, enzyme loading) of immobilized-enzyme devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hector D. Neira
- UC Berkeley/UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Amy E. Herr
- UC Berkeley/UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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