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Liu ML, Liang XM, Jin MY, Huang HW, Luo L, Wang H, Shen X, Xu ZL. Food-Borne Biotoxin Neutralization in Vivo by Nanobodies: Current Status and Prospects. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:10753-10771. [PMID: 38706131 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c02257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Food-borne biotoxins from microbes, plants, or animals contaminate unclean, spoiled, and rotten foods, posing significant health risks. Neutralizing such toxins is vital for human health, especially after food poisoning. Nanobodies (Nbs), a type of single-domain antibodies derived from the genetic cloning of a variable domain of heavy chain antibodies (VHHs) in camels, offer unique advantages in toxin neutralization. Their small size, high stability, and precise binding enable effective neutralization. The use of Nbs in neutralizing food-borne biotoxins offers numerous benefits, and their genetic malleability allows tailored optimization for diverse toxins. As nanotechnology continues to evolve and improve, Nbs are poised to become increasingly efficient and safer tools for toxin neutralization, playing a pivotal role in safeguarding human health and environmental safety. This review not only highlights the efficacy of these agents in neutralizing toxins but also proposes innovative solutions to address their current challenges. It lays a solid foundation for their further development in this crucial field and propels their commercial application, thereby contributing significantly to advancements in this domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Ling Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety/Research Center for Green Development of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiao-Min Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety/Research Center for Green Development of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Ming-Yu Jin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety/Research Center for Green Development of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- School of Life and Health Technology, Dongguan, University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Hui-Wei Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety/Research Center for Green Development of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Lin Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety/Research Center for Green Development of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety/Research Center for Green Development of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xing Shen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety/Research Center for Green Development of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhen-Lin Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety/Research Center for Green Development of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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Irabuena C, Posada L, Colombo S, Aubriot L, Rey L, Villalba J, Badagian N, Brena B, Scarone L, Davyt D, Serra G. Synthesis of Cyclopeptides Analogues of Natural Products and Evaluation as Herbicides and Inhibitors of Cyanobacteria. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:20167-20175. [PMID: 38737041 PMCID: PMC11079878 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c00311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Natural products derived from plants or microorganisms have been considered as eco-friendly herbicides with application in crop protection. Several natural cyclopeptides have been reported as herbicides, while others have been identified as inhibitors of cyanobacteria. In this work, the syntheses of cyclotetrapeptides and cyclopentapeptides analogues of natural products were successfully performed by solid-phase peptide synthesis of their linear precursor and solution-phase macrolactamization. Four of the obtained peptides and cyclopeptides present phytotoxicity with more than 70% of radicle growth inhibition at 67 μg/mL. In addition, evaluation of 20 peptides and cyclopeptides, as inhibitors of cyanobacteria, rendered five active compounds that reduced the concentration of microcystins in the culture medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Irabuena
- Laboratorio
de Química Farmacéutica, Departamento de Química
Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, General Flores 2124, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
| | - Laura Posada
- Laboratorio
de Química Farmacéutica, Departamento de Química
Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, General Flores 2124, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
| | - Sol Colombo
- Grupo
de Ecología y Fisiología de Fitoplancton, Sección
Limnología, IECA, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay
| | - Luis Aubriot
- Grupo
de Ecología y Fisiología de Fitoplancton, Sección
Limnología, IECA, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay
| | - Luciana Rey
- Estación
experimental Dr. Mario A. Cassinoni, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de la República, Ruta 3 Km 363, Paysandú 60000, Uruguay
| | - Juana Villalba
- Estación
experimental Dr. Mario A. Cassinoni, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de la República, Ruta 3 Km 363, Paysandú 60000, Uruguay
| | - Natalia Badagian
- Área
Bioquímica, Departamento de Biociencias, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, General Flores 2124, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
| | - Beatriz Brena
- Área
Bioquímica, Departamento de Biociencias, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, General Flores 2124, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
| | - Laura Scarone
- Laboratorio
de Química Farmacéutica, Departamento de Química
Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, General Flores 2124, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
| | - Danilo Davyt
- Laboratorio
de Química Farmacéutica, Departamento de Química
Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, General Flores 2124, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
| | - Gloria Serra
- Laboratorio
de Química Farmacéutica, Departamento de Química
Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, General Flores 2124, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
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Zhang P, Wang K, Hu T, Xu M, You X, Chen M, Tang X, Hu H, Jiang Y, Zhao W, Tan S. A novel fully human anti-NT-ANGPTL3 antibody from phage display library exhibits potent ApoB, TG, and LDL-C lowering activities in hyperlipidemia mice. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23399. [PMID: 38174870 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202301564rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Dyslipidemia is characterized by elevated plasma levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides (TG), and TG-rich lipoprotein (TGRLs) in circulation, and is closely associated with the incidence and development of cardiovascular disease. Angiopoietin-like protein 3 (ANGPTL3) deficiency has been identified as a cause of familial combined hypolipidemia in humans, which allows it to be an important therapeutic target for reducing plasma lipids. Here, we report the discovery and characterization of a novel fully human antibody F1519-D95aA against N-terminal ANGPTL3 (NT-ANGPTL3), which potently inhibits NT-ANGPTL3 with a KD as low as 9.21 nM. In hyperlipidemic mice, F1519-D95aA shows higher apolipoprotein B (ApoB) and TG-lowering, and similar LDL-C reducing activity as compared to positive control Evinacumab (56.50% vs 26.01% decrease in serum ApoB levels, 30.84% vs 25.28% decrease in serum TG levels, 23.32% vs 22.52% decrease in serum LDLC levels, relative to vehicle group). Molecular docking and binding energy calculations reveal that the F1519-D95aA-ANGPTL3 complex (10 hydrogen bonds, -65.51 kcal/mol) is more stable than the Evinacumab-ANGPTL3 complex (4 hydrogen bonds, -63.76 kcal/mol). Importantly, F1519-D95aA binds to ANGPTL3 with different residues in ANGPTL3 from Evinacumab, suggesting that F1519-D95aA may be useful for the treatment of patients resistant to Evinacumab. In conclusion, F1519-D95aA is a novel fully human anti-NT-ANGPTL3 antibody with potent plasma ApoB, TG, and LDL-C lowering activities, which can potentially serve as a therapeutic agent for hyperlipidemia and relevant cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Zhang
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Ke Wang
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Tuo Hu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Menglong Xu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Xiangyan You
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Manman Chen
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Xuan Tang
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Huajing Hu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Yiwei Jiang
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Wenfeng Zhao
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Shuhua Tan
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, PR China
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Nguyen TD, Bordeau BM, Balthasar JP. Use of Payload Binding Selectivity Enhancers to Improve Therapeutic Index of Maytansinoid-Antibody-Drug Conjugates. Mol Cancer Ther 2023; 22:1332-1342. [PMID: 37493255 PMCID: PMC10811745 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-22-0804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Systemic exposure to released cytotoxic payload contributes to the dose-limiting off-target toxicities of anticancer antibody-drug conjugates (ADC). In this work, we present an "inverse targeting" strategy to optimize the therapeutic selectivity of maytansinoid-conjugated ADCs. Several anti-maytansinoid sdAbs were generated via phage-display technology with binding IC50 values between 10 and 60 nmol/L. Co-incubation of DM4 with the anti-maytansinoid sdAbs shifted the IC50 value of DM4 up to 250-fold. Tolerability and efficacy of 7E7-DM4 ADC, an anti-CD123 DM4-conjugated ADC, were assessed in healthy and in tumor-bearing mice, with and without co-administration of an anti-DM4 sdAb. Co-administration with anti-DM4 sdAb reduced 7E7-DM4-induced weight loss, where the mean values of percentage weight loss at nadir for mice receiving ADC+saline and ADC+sdAb were 7.9% ± 3% and 3.8% ± 1.3% (P < 0.05). In tumor-bearing mice, co-administration of the anti-maytansinoid sdAb did not negatively affect the efficacy of 7E7-DM4 on tumor growth or survival following dosing of the ADC at 1 mg/kg (P = 0.49) or at 10 mg/kg (P = 0.9). Administration of 7E7-DM4 at 100 mg/kg led to dramatic weight loss, with 80% of treated mice succumbing to toxicity before the appearance of mortality relating to tumor growth in control mice. However, all mice receiving co-dosing of 100 mg/kg 7E7-DM4 with anti-DM4 sdAb were able to tolerate the treatment, which enabled reduction in tumor volume to undetectable levels and to dramatic improvements in survival. In summary, we have demonstrated the utility and feasibility of the application of anti-payload antibody fragments for inverse targeting to improve the selectivity and efficacy of anticancer ADC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toan D. Nguyen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214
| | - Brandon M. Bordeau
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214
| | - Joseph P. Balthasar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214
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Isolation of atrazine nanobodies enhanced by depletion of anti-carrier protein phages and performance comparison between the nanobody and monoclonal antibody derived from the same immunogen. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1244:340848. [PMID: 36737149 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.340848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Nanobody, a single domain antibody, has been shown a great promise for immunoassay (IA) applications. To improve the panning efficiency so as to obtain a valuable nanobody, anti-carrier protein phages in a phage display library were depleted to enhance the selection of nanobodies against the herbicide atrazine by using immunomagnetic beads conjugated with bovine serum albumin (IMB-BSA). The depletion of anti-carrier protein phages from the atrazine phage display library tripled the number of atrazine positive phage clones after four rounds of panning. One of the most sensitive phage clones Nb3 selected from the IMB-BSA depleted library was used to compare the performance with the monoclonal antibody (mAb 5D9) developed from the same immunogen. The Nb3-based IA exhibited similar specificity with the mAb 5D9-based IA, but greater thermostability and organic solvent tolerance. The half-maximum inhibition concentration (IC50) of the former was 3.5-fold greater than that of the latter (36.7 ng/mL versus 10.2 ng/mL). Because the Nb3-based IA was more robust than the mAb 5D9-based IA, the method detection limit of the two assays was 7.8 ng/mL of atrazine in river samples. The depletion strategy can increase the chance to acquire high quality nanobody and can be applicable for effective development of nanobodies against other small molecules.
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6
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Badagian N, Pírez Schirmer M, Pérez Parada A, Gonzalez-Sapienza G, Brena BM. Determination of Microcystins in Fish Tissue by ELISA and MALDI-TOF MS Using a Highly Specific Single Domain Antibody. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:toxins15020084. [PMID: 36828400 PMCID: PMC9966346 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15020084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of simple, reliable, and cost-effective methods is critically important to study the spatial and temporal variation of microcystins (MCs) in the food chain. Nanobodies (Nbs), antigen binding fragments from camelid antibodies, present valuable features for analytical applications. Their small antigen binding site offers a focused recognition of small analytes, reducing spurious cross-reactivity and matrix effects. A high affinity and broad cross-reactivity anti-MCs-Nb, from a llama antibody library, was validated in enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and bound to magnetic particles with an internal standard for pre-concentration in quantitative-matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (Nb-QMALDI MS). Both methods are easy and fast; ELISA provides a global result, while Nb-QMALDI MS allows for the quantification of individual congeners and showed excellent performance in the fish muscle extracts. The ELISA assay range was 1.8-29 ng/g and for Nb-QMALDI, it was 0.29-29 ng/g fish ww. Fifty-five fish from a MC-containing dam were analyzed by both methods. The correlation ELISA/sum of the MC congeners by Nb-QMALDI-MS was very high (r Spearman = 0.9645, p < 0.0001). Using ROC curves, ELISA cut-off limits were defined to accurately predict the sum of MCs by Nb-QMALDI-MS (100% sensitivity; ≥89% specificity). Both methods were shown to be simple and efficient for screening MCs in fish muscle to prioritize samples for confirmatory methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Badagian
- Biochemistry Area, Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad de la República, Av. Gral. Flores 2124, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
| | - Macarena Pírez Schirmer
- Immunology Area, Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad de la República, Av A. Navarro 3051, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay
| | - Andrés Pérez Parada
- Technological Development Department, Centro Universitario Regional del Este, Universidad de la República, Ruta 9, Rocha 27000, Uruguay
| | - Gualberto Gonzalez-Sapienza
- Immunology Area, Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad de la República, Av A. Navarro 3051, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay
| | - Beatriz M. Brena
- Biochemistry Area, Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad de la República, Av. Gral. Flores 2124, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
- Correspondence:
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Posada L, Rey L, Villalba J, Colombo S, Aubriot L, Badagian N, Brena B, Serra G. Cyclopeptides Natural Products as Herbicides and Inhibitors of Cyanobacteria: Synthesis of Versicotides E and F. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202201956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Posada
- Laboratorio de Química Farmacéutica Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química Universidad de la República. General Flores 2124 Montevideo Uruguay
| | - Luciana Rey
- Estación experimental Dr. Mario A. Cassinoni, Facultad de Agronomía Universidad de la República. Ruta 3 Km 363 Paysandú Uruguay
| | - Juana Villalba
- Estación experimental Dr. Mario A. Cassinoni, Facultad de Agronomía Universidad de la República. Ruta 3 Km 363 Paysandú Uruguay
| | - Sol Colombo
- Grupo de Ecología y Fisiología de Fitoplancton Sección Limnología, IECA, Facultad de Ciencias Universidad de la República. Iguá 4225 Montevideo Uruguay
| | - Luis Aubriot
- Grupo de Ecología y Fisiología de Fitoplancton Sección Limnología, IECA, Facultad de Ciencias Universidad de la República. Iguá 4225 Montevideo Uruguay
| | - Natalia Badagian
- Área Bioquímica Departamento de Biociencias Facultad de Química Universidad de la República, General Flores 2124. Montevideo Uruguay
| | - Beatriz Brena
- Área Bioquímica Departamento de Biociencias Facultad de Química Universidad de la República, General Flores 2124. Montevideo Uruguay
| | - Gloria Serra
- Laboratorio de Química Farmacéutica Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química Universidad de la República. General Flores 2124 Montevideo Uruguay
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Wang F, Yang YY, Wan DB, Li JD, Liang YF, Li ZF, Shen YD, Xu ZL, Yang JY, Wang H, Gettemans J, Hammock BD, Sun YM. Nanobodies for accurate recognition of iso-tenuazonic acid and development of sensitive immunoassay for contaminant detection in foods. Food Control 2022; 136. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2022.108835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Zhao H, Ren J, Wu S, Guo H, Du Y, Wan B, Ji P, Wu Y, Zhuang G, Zhang A, Zhang G. HRP-conjugated-nanobody-based cELISA for rapid and sensitive clinical detection of ASFV antibodies. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:4269-4285. [PMID: 35612629 PMCID: PMC9130055 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-11981-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Abstract African swine fever (ASF), which is caused by the ASF virus (ASFV), is a highly contagious hemorrhagic disease that causes high mortality to domestic porcine and wild boars and brings huge economic losses to world swine industry. Due to the lack of an effective vaccine, the control of ASF must depend on early, efficient, and cost-effective detection and strict control and elimination strategies. Traditional serological testing methods are generally associated with high testing costs, complex operations, and high technical requirements. As a promising alternative diagnostic tool to traditional antibodies, nanobodies (Nb) have the advantages of simpler and faster generation, good stability and solubility, and high affinity and specificity, although the system is dependent on the immunization of Bactrian camels to obtain the specific VHH library of the target protein. The application of Nbs in the detection of ASFV antibodies has not yet been reported yet. Using a phage display technology, one Nb against the ASFV p54 protein that exhibited high specificity and affinity, Nb8, was successfully screened. A HEK293T cell line stably expressing Nb8-horseradish peroxidase (HRP) fusion protein was established using the lentiviral expression system. Following the optimization of the reaction conditions, the Nb8-HRP fusion protein was successfully used to establish a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA) to detect ASFV-specific antibodies in pig serum, for the first time. There was no cross-reaction with healthy pig serum, porcine pseudorabies virus (PRV), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), classical swine fever virus (CSFV), porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), and classical swine fever virus (CSFV) positive sera. The optimal cut-off value for the cELISA by ROC analysis was 52.5%. A total of 209 serum samples were tested using the developed cELISA and a commercial ELISA kit. The results showed that the relative specificity of the cELISA was 98.97%, and the relative sensitivity of the cELISA was 93.3%, with the percent agreement between the two ELISA methods being 98.56%. In conclusion, a specific, sensitive, and repeatable cELISA was successfully developed based on the Nb8 as a probe, providing a promising method for the detection of anti-ASFV antibodies in clinical pig serum. Key points • We successfully screened a specific, high affinity nanobody against ASFV p54 protein. • We establish a method for continuous and stable expression of Nb-HRP fusion protein using a lentiviral packaging system. • We establish a nanobody cELISA detection method that can monitor an ASF infection. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00253-022-11981-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijun Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China
| | - Jiahui Ren
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China
| | - Shuya Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China
| | - Haoran Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China
| | - Yongkun Du
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China
| | - Bo Wan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China
| | - Pengchao Ji
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China
| | - Yanan Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China
| | - Guoqing Zhuang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China
| | - Angke Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China.
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China.
| | - Gaiping Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China.
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China.
- Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China.
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Chen ZJ, Zhang YF, Chen JL, Lin ZS, Wu MF, Shen YD, Luo L, Wang H, Wen XW, Hammock B, Lei HT, Xu ZL. Production and Characterization of Biotinylated Anti-fenitrothion Nanobodies and Development of Sensitive Fluoroimmunoassay. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:4102-4111. [PMID: 35333506 PMCID: PMC9484545 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c00826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A simple and sensitive fluoroimmunoassay (FIA) based on a heavy-chain antibody (VHH) for rapid detection of fenitrothion was developed. A VHH library was constructed from an immunized alpaca, and one clone recognizing fenitrothion (namely, VHHjd8) was achieved after careful biopanning. It was biotinylated by fusing with the Avi tag and biotin ligase to obtain a fusion protein (VHHjd8-BT), showing both binding capacity to fenitrothion and the streptavidin poly-horseradish peroxidase conjugate (SA-polyHRP). Based on a competitive assay format, the absorbance spectrum of oxidized 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine generated by SA-polyHRP overlapped the emission spectrum of carbon dots, which resulted in quenching of signals due to the inner-filter effect. The developed FIA showed an IC50 value of 1.4 ng/mL and a limit of detection of 0.03 ng/mL, which exhibited 15-fold improvement compared with conventional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The recovery test of FIA was validated by standard GC-MS/MS, and the results showed good consistency, indicating that the assay is an ideal tool for rapid screening of fenitrothion in bulk food samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Jian Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety/ Research Center for Green Development of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yi-Feng Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety/ Research Center for Green Development of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jia-Lin Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety/ Research Center for Green Development of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Ze-Shan Lin
- Guangzhou Institute of Food Inspection, Guangzhou 510410, China
| | - Min-Fu Wu
- Department of Food Science, Foshan Polytechnic, Foshan 528137, China
| | - Yu-Dong Shen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety/ Research Center for Green Development of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Lin Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety/ Research Center for Green Development of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety/ Research Center for Green Development of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiao-Wei Wen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety/ Research Center for Green Development of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Bruce Hammock
- Department of Entomology and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Hong-Tao Lei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety/ Research Center for Green Development of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhen-Lin Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety/ Research Center for Green Development of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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11
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Zhang H, Li B, Liu Y, Chuan H, Liu Y, Xie P. Immunoassay technology: Research progress in microcystin-LR detection in water samples. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 424:127406. [PMID: 34689091 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Increasing global warming and eutrophication have led to frequent outbreaks of cyanobacteria blooms in freshwater. Cyanobacteria blooms cause the death of aquatic and terrestrial organisms and have attracted considerable attention since the 19th century. Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) is one of the most typical cyanobacterial toxins. Therefore, the fast, sensitive, and accurate determination of MC-LR plays an important role in the health of humans and animals. Immunoassay refers to a method that uses the principle of immunology to determine the content of the tested substance in a sample using the tested substance as an antigen or antibody. In analytical applications, the immunoassay technology could use the specific recognition of antibodies for MC-LR detection. In this review, we firstly highlight the immunoassay detection of MC-LR over the past two decades, including classical enzyme-link immunosorbent assay (ELISA), modern immunoassay with optical signal, and modern immunoassay with electrical signal. Among these detection methods, the water environment was used as the main detection system. The advantages and disadvantages of the different detection methods were compared and analyzed, and the principles and applications of immunoassays in water samples were elaborated. Furthermore, the current challenges and developmental trends in immunoassay were systematically introduced to enhance MC-LR detection performance, and some critical points were given to deal with current challenges. This review provides novel insight into MC-LR detection based on immunoassay method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huixia Zhang
- Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, PR China
| | - Bingyan Li
- Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, PR China
| | - Yipeng Liu
- Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, PR China
| | - Huiyan Chuan
- Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, PR China
| | - Yong Liu
- Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, PR China.
| | - Ping Xie
- Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, PR China; Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, PR China.
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12
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Ye J, Guo J, Li T, Tian J, Yu M, Wang X, Majeed U, Song W, Xiao J, Luo Y, Yue T. Phage-based technologies for highly sensitive luminescent detection of foodborne pathogens and microbial toxins: A review. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2022; 21:1843-1867. [PMID: 35142431 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Foodborne pathogens and microbial toxins are the main causes of foodborne illness. However, trace pathogens and toxins in foods are difficult to detect. Thus, techniques for their rapid and sensitive identification and quantification are urgently needed. Phages can specifically recognize and adhere to certain species of microbes or toxins due to molecular complementation between capsid proteins of phages and receptors on the host cell wall or toxins, and thus they have been successfully developed into a detection platform for pathogens and toxins. This review presents an update on phage-based luminescent detection technologies as well as their working principles and characteristics. Based on phage display techniques of temperate phages, reporter gene detection assays have been designed to sensitively detect trace pathogens by luminous intensity. By the host-specific lytic effects of virulent phages, enzyme-catalyzed chemiluminescent detection technologies for pathogens have been exploited. Notably, these phage-based luminescent detection technologies can discriminate viable versus dead microbes. Further, highly selective and sensitive immune-based assays have been developed to detect trace toxins qualitatively and quantitatively via antibody analogs displayed by phages, such as phage-ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) and phage-IPCR (immuno-polymerase chain reaction). This literature research may lead to novel and innocuous phage-based rapid detection technologies to ensure food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianming Ye
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiaqing Guo
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tairan Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiaxin Tian
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mengxi Yu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaochen Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Usman Majeed
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wei Song
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo-Ourense Campus, Ourense, Spain
| | - Yane Luo
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Laboratory of Nutritional and Healthy Food-Individuation Manufacturing Engineering, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Research Center of Food Safety Risk Assessment and Control, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tianli Yue
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Laboratory of Nutritional and Healthy Food-Individuation Manufacturing Engineering, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Research Center of Food Safety Risk Assessment and Control, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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13
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Peltomaa R, Barderas R, Benito-Peña E, Moreno-Bondi MC. Recombinant antibodies and their use for food immunoanalysis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:193-217. [PMID: 34417836 PMCID: PMC8380008 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03619-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Antibodies are widely employed as biorecognition elements for the detection of a plethora of compounds including food and environmental contaminants, biomarkers, or illicit drugs. They are also applied in therapeutics for the treatment of several disorders. Recent recommendations from the EU on animal protection and the replacement of animal-derived antibodies by non-animal-derived ones have raised a great controversy in the scientific community. The application of recombinant antibodies is expected to achieve a high growth rate in the years to come thanks to their versatility and beneficial characteristics in comparison to monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies, such as stability in harsh conditions, small size, relatively low production costs, and batch-to-batch reproducibility. This review describes the characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages of recombinant antibodies including antigen-binding fragments (Fab), single-chain fragment variable (scFv), and single-domain antibodies (VHH) and their application in food analysis with especial emphasis on the analysis of biotoxins, antibiotics, pesticides, and foodborne pathogens. Although the wide application of recombinant antibodies has been hampered by a number of challenges, this review demonstrates their potential for the sensitive, selective, and rapid detection of food contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riikka Peltomaa
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Turku, 20014, Turku, Finland
- Turku Collegium for Science and Medicine, University of Turku, 20014, Turku, Finland
| | - Rodrigo Barderas
- Chronic Disease Programme, UFIEC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Benito-Peña
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - María C Moreno-Bondi
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
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14
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Lassabe G, Pírez-Schirmer M, González-Sapienza G. Functionalization of Magnetic Beads with Biotinylated Nanobodies for MALDI-TOF/MS-Based Quantitation of Small Analytes. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2446:531-546. [PMID: 35157292 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2075-5_27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Over the last two decades, the variable domains from heavy chain-only antibodies in camelids (nanobodies) have emerged as valuable immunoreagents for analytical and diagnostic applications. One prominent use of nanobodies is for the detection of small molecules due to their ease of production, resistance to solvents used in sample extraction, facile genetic manipulation, and small size. These last two properties make it possible to produce biotinylated nanobodies in vivo, which can be loaded in an orientated manner on magnetic beads covered with avidin, creating high-density immunoadsorbenpi twbch ""ts. The method described here details the use of nanobody-based adsorbents to concentrate small molecular weight analytes for subsequent quantitative analysis by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Quantitation requires the inclusion of an internal standard (IS), a compound with properties similar to those of the analyte, enabling compensation for uneven distribution during crystallization of the MALDI-TOF matrix. Since nanobody generation against small compounds requires conjugation to carrier proteins, the same conjugation chemistry can be used to synthesize the IS. By design the IS cross reacts with the capture nanobody and can be preloaded in the immunoadsorbent, facilitating quantitative detection of the target compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Lassabe
- Cátedra de Inmunología, Facultad de Química, Instituto de Higiene, UdelaR, Montevideo, Uruguay.
| | - Macarena Pírez-Schirmer
- Cátedra de Inmunología, Facultad de Química, Instituto de Higiene, UdelaR, Montevideo, Uruguay
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15
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Yang J, Si R, Wu G, Wang Y, Fang R, Liu F, Wang F, Lei H, Shen Y, Zhang Q, Wang H. Preparation of Specific Nanobodies and Their Application in the Rapid Detection of Nodularin-R in Water Samples. Foods 2021; 10:2758. [PMID: 34829042 PMCID: PMC8622565 DOI: 10.3390/foods10112758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanobodies have several advantages, including great stability, sensibility, and ease of production; therefore, they have become important tools in immunoassays for chemical contaminants. In this manuscript, nanobodies for the detection of the toxin Nodularin-r (NOD-R), a secondary metabolite of cyanobacteria that could cause a safety risk for drinks and food for its strong hepatotoxicity, were for the first time selected from an immunized Bactrian camel VHH phage display library. Then, a sensitive indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ic-ELISA) for NOD-R, based on the nanobody N56 with great thermostability and organic solvent tolerance, was established under optimized conditions. The results showed that the limit of detection for NOD-R was 0.67 µg/L, and the average spike recovery rate was between 84.0 and 118.3%. Moreover, the ic-ELISA method was validated with spiked water sample and confirmed by UPLC-MS/MS, which indicated that the ic-ELISA established in this work is a reproducible detection assay for nodularin residues in water samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyi Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Processing and Safety Control of Livestock and Poultry Products, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.Y.); (R.S.); (G.W.); (R.F.); (F.L.); (F.W.); (H.L.); (Y.S.)
| | - Rui Si
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Processing and Safety Control of Livestock and Poultry Products, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.Y.); (R.S.); (G.W.); (R.F.); (F.L.); (F.W.); (H.L.); (Y.S.)
| | - Guangpei Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Processing and Safety Control of Livestock and Poultry Products, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.Y.); (R.S.); (G.W.); (R.F.); (F.L.); (F.W.); (H.L.); (Y.S.)
| | - Yu Wang
- Guangzhou Institute of Food Inspection, Guangzhou 510080, China;
| | - Ruyu Fang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Processing and Safety Control of Livestock and Poultry Products, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.Y.); (R.S.); (G.W.); (R.F.); (F.L.); (F.W.); (H.L.); (Y.S.)
| | - Fei Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Processing and Safety Control of Livestock and Poultry Products, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.Y.); (R.S.); (G.W.); (R.F.); (F.L.); (F.W.); (H.L.); (Y.S.)
| | - Feng Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Processing and Safety Control of Livestock and Poultry Products, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.Y.); (R.S.); (G.W.); (R.F.); (F.L.); (F.W.); (H.L.); (Y.S.)
| | - Hongtao Lei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Processing and Safety Control of Livestock and Poultry Products, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.Y.); (R.S.); (G.W.); (R.F.); (F.L.); (F.W.); (H.L.); (Y.S.)
| | - Yudong Shen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Processing and Safety Control of Livestock and Poultry Products, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.Y.); (R.S.); (G.W.); (R.F.); (F.L.); (F.W.); (H.L.); (Y.S.)
| | - Qi Zhang
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xudong 2nd Road No. 2, Wuchang District, Wuhan 430062, China;
| | - Hong Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Processing and Safety Control of Livestock and Poultry Products, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.Y.); (R.S.); (G.W.); (R.F.); (F.L.); (F.W.); (H.L.); (Y.S.)
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16
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Xu C, He D, Zu Y, Hong S, Hao J, Li J. Microcystin-LR heterologous genetically engineered antibody recombinant and its binding activity improvement and application in immunoassay. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 406:124596. [PMID: 33307449 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) is a high-toxic biohazard that pollutes ecological environment and agroproducts. In this study, a newly recombined genetically engineered antibody (AVHH-MVH) with higher thermal stability and binding activity was designed by chain shuffling and based on our previously obtained anti-MC-LR scFv and nanobody. Based on AVHH-MVH template, a capacity of 8.99 × 105 CFU/mL of phage display AVHH-MVH mutagenesis library was constructed by site-directed mutagenesis in MVH-CDR3 region, and then used for ultrasensitive mutants screening. Afterwards, a total of five positive AVHH-MVH mutants were isolated from the mutagenesis library, and their binding activity was higher than AVHH-MVH for MC-LR. The AVHH-MVH mutant 3 was cloned into pET-25b vector for soluble expression, and the concentration of target protein expressed in culture system was 43.5 mg/L. An indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (IC-ELISA) was established based on purified AVHH-MVH mutant 3 protein, and it showed ultrasensitive binding activity for MC-LR with the detection limit of 0.0075 μg/L, which was far below the maximum residue limit standard of 1.0 μg/L in drinking water proposed by World Health Organization. The established IC-ELISA shows good accuracy, repeatability, stability and applicability for MC-LR spiked samples, and it is promising for MC-LR ultrasensitive monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongxin Xu
- Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Dan He
- Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Yao Zu
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Sujuan Hong
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jia Hao
- Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jianhong Li
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
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17
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Development of a novel, fully human, anti-PCSK9 antibody with potent hypolipidemic activity by utilizing phage display-based strategy. EBioMedicine 2021; 65:103250. [PMID: 33647772 PMCID: PMC7921758 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) regulates serum LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) levels by facilitating the degradation of the LDL receptor (LDLR) and is an attractive therapeutic target for hypercholesterolemia intervention. Herein, we generated a novel fully human antibody with favourable druggability by utilizing phage display-based strategy. Methods A potent single-chain variable fragment (scFv) named AP2M21 was obtained by screening a fully human scFv phage display library with hPCSK9, and performing two in vitro affinity maturation processes including CDR-targeted tailored mutagenesis and cross-cloning. Thereafter, it was transformed to a full-length Fc-silenced anti-PCSK9 antibody FAP2M21 by fusing to a modified human IgG1 Fc fragment with L234A/L235A/N297G mutations and C-terminal lysine deletion, thus eliminating its immune effector functions and mitigating mAb heterogeneity. Findings Our data showed that the generated full-length anti-PCSK9 antibody FAP2M21 binds to hPCSK9 with a KD as low as 1.42 nM, and a dramatically slow dissociation rate (koff, 4.68 × 10−6 s−1), which could be attributed to its lower binding energy (-47.51 kcal/mol) than its parent counterpart FAP2 (-30.39 kcal/mol). We verified that FAP2M21 potently inhibited PCSK9-induced reduction of LDL-C uptake in HepG2 cells, with an EC50 of 43.56 nM. Further, in hPCSK9 overexpressed C57BL/6 mice, a single tail i.v. injection of FAP2M21 at 1, 3 and 10 mg/kg, dose-dependently up-regulated hepatic LDLR levels, and concomitantly reduced serum LDL-C by 3.3% (P = 0.658, unpaired Student's t-test), 30.2% (P = 0.002, Mann-Whitney U-test) and 37.2% (P = 0.002, Mann-Whitney U-test), respectively. Interpretation FAP2M21 with potent inhibitory effect on PCSK9 may serve as a promising therapeutic agent for treating hypercholesterolemia and associated cardiovascular diseases.
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18
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Yang YY, Wang Y, Zhang YF, Wang F, Liang YF, Yang JY, Xu ZL, Shen YD, Wang H. Nanobody-Based Indirect Competitive ELISA for Sensitive Detection of 19-Nortestosterone in Animal Urine. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11020167. [PMID: 33513883 PMCID: PMC7912623 DOI: 10.3390/biom11020167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanobody (Nb), a new type of biorecognition element generally from Camelidae, has the characteristics of small molecular weight, high stability, great solubility and high expression level in E. coli. In this study, with 19-nortestosterone (19-NT), an anabolic androgenic steroid as target drug, three specific Nbs against 19-NT were selected from camel immune library by phage display technology. The obtained Nbs showed excellent thermostability and organic solvent tolerance. The nanobody Nb2F7 with the best performance was used to develop a sensitive indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ic-ELISA) for 19-NT detection. Under optimized conditions, the standard curve of ic-ELISA was fitted with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 1.03 ng/mL and a detection limit (LOD) of 0.10 ng/mL for 19-NT. Meanwhile, the developed assay had low cross- reactivity with analogs and the recoveries of 19-NT ranged from 82.61% to 99.24% in spiked samples. The correlation coefficient between ic-ELISA and the ultra-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method was 0.9975, which indicated that the nanobody-based ic-ELISA could be a useful tool for a rapid analysis of 19-NT in animal urine samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-yuan Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, National-Local Joint Engineering Research, Center for Processing and Safety Control of Livestock and Poultry Products, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.-y.Y.); (Y.-f.Z.); (F.W.); (Y.-f.L.); (J.-y.Y.); (Z.-l.X.)
| | - Yu Wang
- Guangzhou Institute of Food Inspection, Guangzhou 510080, China;
| | - Yi-feng Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, National-Local Joint Engineering Research, Center for Processing and Safety Control of Livestock and Poultry Products, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.-y.Y.); (Y.-f.Z.); (F.W.); (Y.-f.L.); (J.-y.Y.); (Z.-l.X.)
| | - Feng Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, National-Local Joint Engineering Research, Center for Processing and Safety Control of Livestock and Poultry Products, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.-y.Y.); (Y.-f.Z.); (F.W.); (Y.-f.L.); (J.-y.Y.); (Z.-l.X.)
| | - Yi-fan Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, National-Local Joint Engineering Research, Center for Processing and Safety Control of Livestock and Poultry Products, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.-y.Y.); (Y.-f.Z.); (F.W.); (Y.-f.L.); (J.-y.Y.); (Z.-l.X.)
| | - Jin-yi Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, National-Local Joint Engineering Research, Center for Processing and Safety Control of Livestock and Poultry Products, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.-y.Y.); (Y.-f.Z.); (F.W.); (Y.-f.L.); (J.-y.Y.); (Z.-l.X.)
| | - Zhen-lin Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, National-Local Joint Engineering Research, Center for Processing and Safety Control of Livestock and Poultry Products, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.-y.Y.); (Y.-f.Z.); (F.W.); (Y.-f.L.); (J.-y.Y.); (Z.-l.X.)
| | - Yu-dong Shen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, National-Local Joint Engineering Research, Center for Processing and Safety Control of Livestock and Poultry Products, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.-y.Y.); (Y.-f.Z.); (F.W.); (Y.-f.L.); (J.-y.Y.); (Z.-l.X.)
- Correspondence: (Y.-d.S.); (H.W.); Tel.: +86-20-85283448 (H.W.); Fax: +86-20-85280270 (H.W.)
| | - Hong Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, National-Local Joint Engineering Research, Center for Processing and Safety Control of Livestock and Poultry Products, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.-y.Y.); (Y.-f.Z.); (F.W.); (Y.-f.L.); (J.-y.Y.); (Z.-l.X.)
- Correspondence: (Y.-d.S.); (H.W.); Tel.: +86-20-85283448 (H.W.); Fax: +86-20-85280270 (H.W.)
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19
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Van Campenhout R, Muyldermans S, Vinken M, Devoogdt N, De Groof TW. Therapeutic Nanobodies Targeting Cell Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins: A High-Risk/High-Gain Endeavor. Biomolecules 2021; 11:63. [PMID: 33418902 PMCID: PMC7825061 DOI: 10.3390/biom11010063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell plasma membrane proteins are considered as gatekeepers of the cell and play a major role in regulating various processes. Transport proteins constitute a subclass of cell plasma membrane proteins enabling the exchange of molecules and ions between the extracellular environment and the cytosol. A plethora of human pathologies are associated with the altered expression or dysfunction of cell plasma membrane transport proteins, making them interesting therapeutic drug targets. However, the search for therapeutics is challenging, since many drug candidates targeting cell plasma membrane proteins fail in (pre)clinical testing due to inadequate selectivity, specificity, potency or stability. These latter characteristics are met by nanobodies, which potentially renders them eligible therapeutics targeting cell plasma membrane proteins. Therefore, a therapeutic nanobody-based strategy seems a valid approach to target and modulate the activity of cell plasma membrane transport proteins. This review paper focuses on methodologies to generate cell plasma membrane transport protein-targeting nanobodies, and the advantages and pitfalls while generating these small antibody-derivatives, and discusses several therapeutic nanobodies directed towards transmembrane proteins, including channels and pores, adenosine triphosphate-powered pumps and porters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raf Van Campenhout
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; (R.V.C.); (M.V.)
| | - Serge Muyldermans
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Mathieu Vinken
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; (R.V.C.); (M.V.)
| | - Nick Devoogdt
- In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Timo W.M. De Groof
- In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium;
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20
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Development of an impedimetric immunosensor to determine microcystin-LR. New approaches in the use of the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was used in determining to determine kinetic parameters of immunoreactions. Electrochim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.136621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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21
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He Y, Ren Y, Guo B, Yang Y, Ji Y, Zhang D, Wang J, Wang Y, Wang H. Development of a specific nanobody and its application in rapid and selective determination of Salmonella enteritidis in milk. Food Chem 2020; 310:125942. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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22
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De Vlieger D, Hoffmann K, Van Molle I, Nerinckx W, Van Hoecke L, Ballegeer M, Creytens S, Remaut H, Hengel H, Schepens B, Saelens X. Selective Engagement of FcγRIV by a M2e-Specific Single Domain Antibody Construct Protects Against Influenza A Virus Infection. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2920. [PMID: 31921179 PMCID: PMC6921966 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Lower respiratory tract infections, such as infections caused by influenza A viruses, are a constant threat for public health. Antivirals are indispensable to control disease caused by epidemic as well as pandemic influenza A. We developed a novel anti-influenza A virus approach based on an engineered single-domain antibody (VHH) construct that can selectively recruit innate immune cells to the sites of virus replication. This protective construct comprises two VHHs. One VHH binds with nanomolar affinity to the conserved influenza A matrix protein 2 (M2) ectodomain (M2e). Co-crystal structure analysis revealed that the complementarity determining regions 2 and 3 of this VHH embrace M2e. The second selected VHH specifically binds to the mouse Fcγ Receptor IV (FcγRIV) and was genetically fused to the M2e-specific VHH, which resulted in a bi-specific VHH-based construct that could be efficiently expressed in Pichia pastoris. In the presence of M2 expressing or influenza A virus-infected target cells, this single domain antibody construct selectively activated the mouse FcγRIV. Moreover, intranasal delivery of this bispecific FcγRIV-engaging VHH construct protected wild type but not FcγRIV−/− mice against challenge with an H3N2 influenza virus. These results provide proof of concept that VHHs directed against a surface exposed viral antigen can be readily armed with effector functions that trigger protective antiviral activity beyond direct virus neutralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorien De Vlieger
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Katja Hoffmann
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Inge Van Molle
- Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.,VIB-VUB Center for Structural Biology, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Wim Nerinckx
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lien Van Hoecke
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marlies Ballegeer
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sarah Creytens
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Han Remaut
- Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.,VIB-VUB Center for Structural Biology, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hartmut Hengel
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bert Schepens
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Xavier Saelens
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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23
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Delfin-Riela T, Rossotti MA, Echaides C, González-Sapienza G. A nanobody-based test for highly sensitive detection of hemoglobin in fecal samples. Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 412:389-396. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-02246-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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24
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Ma Z, Wang T, Li Z, Guo X, Tian Y, Li Y, Xiao S. A novel biotinylated nanobody-based blocking ELISA for the rapid and sensitive clinical detection of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus. J Nanobiotechnology 2019; 17:96. [PMID: 31526383 PMCID: PMC6745792 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-019-0531-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), which is characterized by severe watery diarrhea, vomiting, dehydration and a high mortality rate in piglets, leads to enormous economic losses to the pork industry and remains a large challenge worldwide. Thus, a rapid and reliable method is required for epidemiological investigations and to evaluate the effect of immunization. However, the current diagnostic methods for PEDV are time-consuming and very expensive and rarely meet the requirements for clinical application. Nanobodies have been used in the clinic to overcome these problems because of the advantages of their easy expression and high level of stability. In the present work, a novel biotinylated nanobody-based blocking ELISA (bELISA) was developed to detect anti-PEDV antibodies in clinical pig serum. Results Using phage display technology and periplasmic extraction ELISA (PE-ELISA), anti-PEDV N protein nanobodies from three strains of PEDV were successfully isolated after three consecutive rounds of bio-panning from a high quality phage display VHH library. Then, purified Nb2-Avi-tag fusion protein was biotinylated in vitro. A novel bELISA was subsequently developed for the first time with biotinylated Nb2. The cutoff value for bELISA was 29.27%. One hundred and fifty clinical serum samples were tested by both newly developed bELISA and commercial kits. The sensitivity and specificity of bELISA were 100% and 93.18%, respectively, and the coincidence rate between the two methods was 94%. Conclusions In brief, bELISA is a rapid, low-cost, reliable and useful nanobody-based tool for the serological evaluation of current PEDV vaccines efficacy and indirect diagnosis of PEDV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqian Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tianyu Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhiwei Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xuyang Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yangsheng Tian
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yang Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shuqi Xiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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25
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Pírez-Schirmer M, Brena BM, González-Sapienza G. Oriented Functionalization of Magnetic Beads with in Vivo Biotinylated Nanobodies for Rapid MALDI-TOF MS Ultrasensitive Quantitation of Microcystins in Biological Samples. Anal Chem 2019; 91:9925-9931. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b01596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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26
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Point-of-care detection of Microcystin-LR with a personal glucose meter in drinking water source. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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27
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Wang K, Liu Z, Ding G, Li J, Vasylieva N, Li QX, Li D, Gee SJ, Hammock BD, Xu T. Development of a one-step immunoassay for triazophos using camel single-domain antibody-alkaline phosphatase fusion protein. Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 411:1287-1295. [PMID: 30706076 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-01563-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Triazophos is mainly used in Asian and African countries for the control of insects in agricultural production. Camelid variable domains of heavy-chain antibodies (VHHs) show great promise in monitoring environmental chemicals such as pesticides. To improve the rate of success in the generation of VHHs against triazophos, genes specifically encoding VHH fragments from the unique allotype IgG3a of an immunized Camelus bactrianus were amplified by using a pair of novel primers and introduced to construct a diverse VHH library. Five out of seven isolated positive clones, including the VHH T1 with the highest affinity to triazophos, were derived from the allotype IgG3a. A one-step enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using VHH T1 genetically fused with alkaline phosphatase (AP) had a half-maximum inhibition concentration of 6.6 ng/mL for triazophos. This assay showed negligible cross-reactivity with a list of important organophosphate pesticides (< 0.1%). The average recoveries of triazophos from water, soil, and apple samples determined by the one-step ELISA ranged from 83 to 108%, having a good correlation with those by a gas chromatography mass spectrometry (R2 = 0.99). The VHH-AP fusion protein shows potential for the analysis of triazophos in various matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhiping Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Guochun Ding
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Ji Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Natalia Vasylieva
- Department of Entomology and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, 96 Briggs Hall, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Qing X Li
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1955 East-West Road, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA
| | - Dongyang Li
- Department of Entomology and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, 96 Briggs Hall, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Shirley J Gee
- Department of Entomology and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, 96 Briggs Hall, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, 96 Briggs Hall, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Ting Xu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China.
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28
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Construction of an immunized rabbit phage display antibody library for screening microcystin-LR high sensitive single-chain antibody. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 123:369-378. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.11.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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29
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Vasylieva N, Kitamura S, Dong J, Barnych B, Hvorecny KL, Madden DR, Gee SJ, Wolan DW, Morisseau C, Hammock BD. Nanobody-based binding assay for the discovery of potent inhibitors of CFTR inhibitory factor (Cif). Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1057:106-113. [PMID: 30832908 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.12.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Lead identification and optimization are essential steps in the development of a new drug. It requires cost-effective, selective and sensitive chemical tools. Here, we report a novel method using nanobodies that allows the efficient screening for potent ligands. The method is illustrated with the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator inhibitory factor (Cif), a virulence factor secreted by the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 18 nanobodies selective to Cif were isolated by bio-panning from nanobody-phage library constructed from immunized llama. 8 out of 18 nanobodies were identified as potent inhibitors of Cif enzymatic activity with IC50s in the range of 0.3-6.4 μM. A nanobody VHH219 showed high affinity (KD = 0.08 nM) to Cif and the highest inhibitory potency, IC50 = 0.3 μM. A displacement sandwich ELISA (dsELISA) with VHH219 was then developed for classification of synthetic small molecule inhibitors according their inhibitory potency. The developed assay allowed identification of new inhibitor with highest potency reported so far (0.16 ± 0.02 μM). The results from dsELISA assay correlates strongly with a conventional fluorogenic assay (R = 0.9998) in predicting the inhibitory potency of the tested compounds. However, the novel dsELISA is an order of magnitude more sensitive and allows the identification and ranking of potent inhibitors missed by the classic fluorogenic assay method. These data were supported with Octet biolayer interferometry measurements. The novel method described herein relies solely on the binding properties of the specific neutralizing nanobody, and thus is applicable to any pharmacological target for which such a nanobody can be found, independent of any requirement for catalytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Vasylieva
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, United States
| | - Seiya Kitamura
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, United States; Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Jiexian Dong
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, United States
| | - Bogdan Barnych
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, United States
| | - Kelli L Hvorecny
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Dean R Madden
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Shirley J Gee
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, United States
| | - Dennis W Wolan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Christophe Morisseau
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, United States.
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, United States
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30
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Jank L, Pinto-Espinoza C, Duan Y, Koch-Nolte F, Magnus T, Rissiek B. Current Approaches and Future Perspectives for Nanobodies in Stroke Diagnostic and Therapy. Antibodies (Basel) 2019; 8:antib8010005. [PMID: 31544811 PMCID: PMC6640704 DOI: 10.3390/antib8010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibody-based biologics are the corner stone of modern immunomodulatory therapy. Though highly effective in dampening systemic inflammatory processes, their large size and Fc-fragment mediated effects hamper crossing of the blood brain barrier (BBB). Nanobodies (Nbs) are single domain antibodies derived from llama or shark heavy-chain antibodies and represent a new generation of biologics. Due to their small size, they display excellent tissue penetration capacities and can be easily modified to adjust their vivo half-life for short-term diagnostic or long-term therapeutic purposes or to facilitate crossing of the BBB. Furthermore, owing to their characteristic binding mode, they are capable of antagonizing receptors involved in immune signaling and of neutralizing proinflammatory mediators, such as cytokines. These qualities combined make Nbs well-suited for down-modulating neuroinflammatory processes that occur in the context of brain ischemia. In this review, we summarize recent findings on Nbs in preclinical stroke models and how they can be used as diagnostic and therapeutic reagents. We further provide a perspective on the design of innovative Nb-based treatment protocols to complement and improve stroke therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Jank
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Carolina Pinto-Espinoza
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Yinghui Duan
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Friedrich Koch-Nolte
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Tim Magnus
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Björn Rissiek
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
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31
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Zhang YQ, Xu ZL, Wang F, Cai J, Dong JX, Zhang JR, Si R, Wang CL, Wang Y, Shen YD, Sun Y, Wang H. Isolation of Bactrian Camel Single Domain Antibody for Parathion and Development of One-Step dc-FEIA Method Using VHH-Alkaline Phosphatase Fusion Protein. Anal Chem 2018; 90:12886-12892. [PMID: 30256086 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b03509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A heavy chain variable fragment of heavy chain only antibodies derived from camelids termed VHH shows beneficial characteristics for immunoassay in terms of high sensitivity, outstanding stability and ease in expression. In the present study, we isolated six VHHs from phage display library against parathion, which is a widely used organophosphorus pesticide with high toxicity and persistence. One of six selected VHHs named VHH9, showed highest specificity and superior thermo-stability. A VHH9-alkaline phosphatase (AP) fusion was constructed and used to establish a one-step direct competitive fluorescence enzyme immunoassay (dc-FEIA) with a half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 1.6 ng/mL and a limit of detection of 0.2 ng/mL which was 4-fold or 3-fold higher sensitivity than direct competitive enzyme-linked immunoassay (dc-ELISA) and indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunoassay (ic-ELISA) for parathion. Furthermore, our assay indicated a 50% reduction on operation time compared with the ic-ELISA method. The presented immunoassay was validated with spiked Chinese cabbage, cucumber, and lettuce samples, and confirmed by UPLC-MS/MS. The results indicated that the VHH-AP-based dc-FEIA is a reproducible detection assay for parathion residues in vegetable samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Qi Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Processing and Safety Control of Livestock and Poultry Products, College of Food Science , South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510642 , P. R. China
| | - Zhen-Lin Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Processing and Safety Control of Livestock and Poultry Products, College of Food Science , South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510642 , P. R. China
| | - Feng Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Processing and Safety Control of Livestock and Poultry Products, College of Food Science , South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510642 , P. R. China
| | - Jun Cai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Processing and Safety Control of Livestock and Poultry Products, College of Food Science , South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510642 , P. R. China
| | - Jie-Xian Dong
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center , University of California , Davis , California 95616 , United States
- Neurobiology, Physiology & Behavior , University of California , Davis , California 95616 , United States
| | - Jin-Ru Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Processing and Safety Control of Livestock and Poultry Products, College of Food Science , South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510642 , P. R. China
| | - Rui Si
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Processing and Safety Control of Livestock and Poultry Products, College of Food Science , South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510642 , P. R. China
| | - Cheng-Long Wang
- Guangzhou Institute of Food Inspection , Guangzhou 510080 , P. R. China
| | - Yu Wang
- Guangzhou Institute of Food Inspection , Guangzhou 510080 , P. R. China
| | - Yu-Dong Shen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Processing and Safety Control of Livestock and Poultry Products, College of Food Science , South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510642 , P. R. China
| | - Yuanming Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Processing and Safety Control of Livestock and Poultry Products, College of Food Science , South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510642 , P. R. China
| | - Hong Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Processing and Safety Control of Livestock and Poultry Products, College of Food Science , South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510642 , P. R. China
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32
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Xu C, Yang Y, Liu L, Li J, Liu X, Zhang X, Liu Y, Zhang C, Liu X. Microcystin-LR nanobody screening from an alpaca phage display nanobody library and its expression and application. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 151:220-227. [PMID: 29353171 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2017] [Revised: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) is a type of biotoxin that pollutes the ecological environment and food. The study aimed to obtain new nanobodies from phage nanobody library for determination of MC-LR. The toxin was conjugated to keyhole limpet haemocyanin (KLH) and bovine serum albumin (BSA), respectively, then the conjugates were used as coated antigens for enrichment (coated MC-LR-KLH) and screening (coated MC-LR-BSA) of MC-LR phage nanobodies from an alpaca phage display nanobody library. The antigen-specific phage particles were enriched effectively with four rounds of biopanning. At the last round of enrichment, total 20 positive monoclonal phage nanobodies were obtained from the library, which were analyzed after monoclonal phage enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), colony PCR and DNA sequencing. The most three positive nanobody genes, ANAb12, ANAb9 and ANAb7 were cloned into pET26b vector, then the nanobodies were expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 respectively. After being purified, the molecular weight (M.W.) of all nanobodies were approximate 15kDa with sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The purified nanobodies, ANAb12, ANAb9 and ANAb7 were used to establish the indirect competitive ELISA (IC-ELISA) for MC-LR, and their half-maximum inhibition concentrations (IC50) were 0.87, 1.17 and 1.47μg/L, their detection limits (IC10) were 0.06, 0.08 and 0.12μg/L, respectively. All of them showed strong cross-reactivity (CRs) of 82.7-116.9% for MC-RR, MC-YR and MC-WR, and weak CRs of less than 4.56% for MC-LW, less than 0.1% for MC-LY and MC-LF. It was found that all the IC-ELISAs for MC-LR spiked in tap water samples detection were with good accuracy, stability and repeatability, their recoveries were 84.0-106.5%, coefficient of variations (CVs) were 3.4-10.6%. These results showed that IC-ELISA based on the nanobodies from the alpaca phage display antibody library were promising for high sensitive determination of multiple MCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongxin Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu/Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Ying Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Liwen Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jianhong Li
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Xiaoqin Liu
- Huaihua Vocational and Technical College, Huaihua 418007, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu/Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu/Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Cunzheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu/Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Xianjin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu/Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China.
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He T, Zhu J, Nie Y, Hu R, Wang T, Li P, Zhang Q, Yang Y. Nanobody Technology for Mycotoxin Detection in the Field of Food Safety: Current Status and Prospects. Toxins (Basel) 2018; 10:E180. [PMID: 29710823 PMCID: PMC5983236 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10050180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycotoxins, which are toxic, carcinogenic, and/or teratogenic, have posed a threat to food safety and public health. Sensitive and effective determination technologies for mycotoxin surveillance are required. Immunoassays have been regarded as useful supplements to chromatographic techniques. However, conventional antibodies involved in immunoassays are difficult to be expressed recombinantly and are susceptible to harsh environments. Nanobodies (or VHH antibodies) are antigen-binding sites of the heavy-chain antibodies produced from Camelidae. They are found to be expressed easily in prokaryotic or eukaryotic expression systems, more robust in extreme conditions, and facile to be used as surrogates for artificial antigens. These properties make them the promising and environmentally friendly immunoreagents in the next generation of immunoassays. This review briefly describes the latest developments in the area of nanobodies used in mycotoxin detection. Moreover, by integrating the introduction of the principle of nanobodies production and the critical assessment of their performance, this paper also proposes the prospect of nanobodies in the field of food safety in the foreseeable future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting He
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China.
| | - Jiang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China.
| | - Yao Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China.
| | - Rui Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China.
| | - Ting Wang
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - Peiwu Li
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - Qi Zhang
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - Yunhuang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China.
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Wang J, Mukhtar H, Ma L, Pang Q, Wang X. VHH Antibodies: Reagents for Mycotoxin Detection in Food Products. SENSORS 2018; 18:s18020485. [PMID: 29415506 PMCID: PMC5855929 DOI: 10.3390/s18020485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 01/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Mycotoxins are the toxic secondary metabolites produced by fungi and they are a worldwide public health concern. A VHH antibody (or nanobody) is the smallest antigen binding entity and is produced by heavy chain only antibodies. Compared with conventional antibodies, VHH antibodies overcome many pitfalls typically encountered in clinical therapeutics and immunodiagnostics. Likewise, VHH antibodies are particularly useful for monitoring mycotoxins in food and feedstuffs, as they are easily genetic engineered and have superior stability. In this review, we summarize the efforts to produce anti-mycotoxins VHH antibodies and associated assays, presenting VHH as a potential tool in mycotoxin analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Hina Mukhtar
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Lan Ma
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Qian Pang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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Gonzalez-Sapienza G, Rossotti MA, Tabares-da Rosa S. Single-Domain Antibodies As Versatile Affinity Reagents for Analytical and Diagnostic Applications. Front Immunol 2017; 8:977. [PMID: 28871254 PMCID: PMC5566570 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
With just three CDRs in their variable domains, the antigen-binding site of camelid heavy-chain-only antibodies (HcAbs) has a more limited structural diversity than that of conventional antibodies. Even so, this does not seem to limit their specificity and high affinity as HcAbs against a broad range of structurally diverse antigens have been reported. The recombinant form of their variable domain [nanobody (Nb)] has outstanding properties that make Nbs, not just an alternative option to conventional antibodies, but in many cases, these properties allow them to reach analytical or diagnostic performances that cannot be accomplished with conventional antibodies. These attributes include comprehensive representation of the immune specificity in display libraries, easy adaptation to high-throughput screening, exceptional stability, minimal size, and versatility as affinity building block. Here, we critically reviewed each of these properties and highlight their relevance with regard to recent developments in different fields of immunosensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martín A Rossotti
- Cátedra de Inmunología, Facultad de Química, Instituto de Higiene, UDELAR, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Sofía Tabares-da Rosa
- Cátedra de Inmunología, Facultad de Química, Instituto de Higiene, UDELAR, Montevideo, Uruguay
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