1
|
Zhao H, Ren J, Wu S, Guo H, Du Y, Wan B, Ji P, Wu Y, Zhuang G, Zhang A, Zhang G. HRP-conjugated-nanobody-based cELISA for rapid and sensitive clinical detection of ASFV antibodies. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:4269-4285. [PMID: 35612629 PMCID: PMC9130055 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-11981-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Abstract African swine fever (ASF), which is caused by the ASF virus (ASFV), is a highly contagious hemorrhagic disease that causes high mortality to domestic porcine and wild boars and brings huge economic losses to world swine industry. Due to the lack of an effective vaccine, the control of ASF must depend on early, efficient, and cost-effective detection and strict control and elimination strategies. Traditional serological testing methods are generally associated with high testing costs, complex operations, and high technical requirements. As a promising alternative diagnostic tool to traditional antibodies, nanobodies (Nb) have the advantages of simpler and faster generation, good stability and solubility, and high affinity and specificity, although the system is dependent on the immunization of Bactrian camels to obtain the specific VHH library of the target protein. The application of Nbs in the detection of ASFV antibodies has not yet been reported yet. Using a phage display technology, one Nb against the ASFV p54 protein that exhibited high specificity and affinity, Nb8, was successfully screened. A HEK293T cell line stably expressing Nb8-horseradish peroxidase (HRP) fusion protein was established using the lentiviral expression system. Following the optimization of the reaction conditions, the Nb8-HRP fusion protein was successfully used to establish a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA) to detect ASFV-specific antibodies in pig serum, for the first time. There was no cross-reaction with healthy pig serum, porcine pseudorabies virus (PRV), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), classical swine fever virus (CSFV), porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), and classical swine fever virus (CSFV) positive sera. The optimal cut-off value for the cELISA by ROC analysis was 52.5%. A total of 209 serum samples were tested using the developed cELISA and a commercial ELISA kit. The results showed that the relative specificity of the cELISA was 98.97%, and the relative sensitivity of the cELISA was 93.3%, with the percent agreement between the two ELISA methods being 98.56%. In conclusion, a specific, sensitive, and repeatable cELISA was successfully developed based on the Nb8 as a probe, providing a promising method for the detection of anti-ASFV antibodies in clinical pig serum. Key points • We successfully screened a specific, high affinity nanobody against ASFV p54 protein. • We establish a method for continuous and stable expression of Nb-HRP fusion protein using a lentiviral packaging system. • We establish a nanobody cELISA detection method that can monitor an ASF infection. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00253-022-11981-4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huijun Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China
| | - Jiahui Ren
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China
| | - Shuya Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China
| | - Haoran Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China
| | - Yongkun Du
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China
| | - Bo Wan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China
| | - Pengchao Ji
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China
| | - Yanan Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China
| | - Guoqing Zhuang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China
| | - Angke Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China.
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China.
| | - Gaiping Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China.
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China.
- Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Abstract
The ongoing emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome caused by the new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) variants requires swift actions in identifying specific antigens and optimizing vaccine development to maximize the humoral response of the patient. Measuring the specificity and the amount of antibody produced by the host immune system with high throughput and accuracy is critical to develop timely diagnostics and therapeutic strategies. Motivated by finding an easy-to-use and cost-effective alternative to existing serological methodologies for multiplex analysis, we develop a proof-of-concept multiplex nanoplasmonic biosensor to capture the humoral response in serums against multiple antigens. Nanoplasmonic sensing relies on the wavelength shift of the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) peak of gold nanostructures upon binding interactions between the antibodies and the immobilized antigens. Here the antigens are first immobilized on different sensing areas by using a mono-biotinylation system based on the high affinity interaction between biotin and streptavidin. We then validate the multiplex platform by detecting the presence of 3 monoclonal antibodies against 3 antigens (2 different hemagglutinins (HAs) from influenza viruses, and the SARS-CoV-2 Spike RBD (receptor binding domain)). We also measure the humoral response in murine sera collected before and after its immunization with the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein, in good agreement with the results obtained by the ELISA assay. Our nanoplasmonic assays have successfully demonstrated multiple serum antibody profiling, which can be further integrated with microfluidics as an effective high throughput screening platform in future studies for the ongoing SARS-CoV-2 vaccine development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Funari
- Micro/Bio/Nanofluidics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan; Dipartimento di Fisica "M. Merlin", Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, 70125, Italy.
| | - Hidehiro Fukuyama
- Laboratory for Lymphocyte Differentiations, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan; Near-InfraRed Photo-Immunotherapy Research Institute, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1010, Japan; INSERM EST, Strasbourg Cedex 2, 67037, France.
| | - Amy Q Shen
- Micro/Bio/Nanofluidics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kusano C, Gotoda T, Ikehara H, Suzuki S, Shibuya H, Horii T, Arata S, Dohmen T. The Accuracy of the Serum Antibody Test for Helicobacter pylori Infection among Junior High School Students. Digestion 2021; 102:155-160. [PMID: 31505488 DOI: 10.1159/000502900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recently, screening for Helicobacter pylori infection has been performed among children in Japan as a prevention strategy for gastric cancer. However, the diagnostic accuracy of the serum antibody test, using the ELISA-kit, for screening in children has not been confirmed, and it is unknown whether the cutoff value used for adults is appropriate for children. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of the serum antibody test for H. pylori infection for the mass screening of junior high school students in Japan. SUBJECTS AND METHODS H. pylori infection testing and eradication therapy in junior high schools began in the 2015 fiscal year for students in Yurihonjo and Nikaho cities, located in the Akita prefecture. The data of 410 students who underwent both stool antigen tests (SATs) and serum antibody test, between 2016 and 2018, were used for analysis. Students who had positive results on the SATs test were diagnosed with H. pylori infection. RESULTS The rate of H. pylori infection was 3.7% (15/410). The optimal cutoff of serum antibody for children was identified to be 5.4 U/mL, with this cutoff having an area under the curve of 0.94 (95% CI 0.83-1.00), specificity of 99.5% (95% CI 98.2-99.9) and sensitivity of 93.3% (95% CI 68.1-99.8), which was wide because of the small sample size. CONCLUSION The accuracy of the serum antibody test may be enough for practical use in children 13-14 years old.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chika Kusano
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterology, Yuri-Kumiai General Hospital, Akita, Japan
| | - Takuji Gotoda
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan,
| | - Hisatomo Ikehara
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sho Suzuki
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Shibuya
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiki Horii
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterology, Yuri-Kumiai General Hospital, Akita, Japan
| | - Suguru Arata
- Department of Gastroenterology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterology, Yuri-Kumiai General Hospital, Akita, Japan
| | - Takahiro Dohmen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterology, Yuri-Kumiai General Hospital, Akita, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Akada J, Tshibangu-Kabamba E, Tuan VP, Kurogi S, Matsuo Y, Ansari S, Doohan D, Phuc BH, Subsomwong P, Waskito LA, Binh TT, Nguyen LT, Khien VV, Dung HDQ, Miftahussurur M, Syam AF, Tshering L, Vilaichone RK, Mahachai V, Ratanachu-Ek T, Shrestha PK, Yee TT, Htet K, Aftab H, Matsuhisa T, Uchida T, Okimoto T, Mizukami K, Kodama M, Murakami K, Takahashi N, Yamaoka Y. Serum Helicobacter pylori antibody reactivity in seven Asian countries using an automated latex aggregation turbidity assay. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 36:2198-2209. [PMID: 33609333 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.15467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM To determine the application range of diagnostic kits utilizing anti-Helicobacter pylori antibody, we tested a newly developed latex aggregation turbidity assay (latex) and a conventional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (E-plate), both containing Japanese H. pylori protein lysates as antigens, using sera from seven Asian countries. METHODS Serum samples (1797) were obtained, and standard H. pylori infection status and atrophy status were determined by culture and histology (immunohistochemistry) using gastric biopsy samples from the same individuals. The two tests (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and latex) were applied, and receiver operating characteristics analysis was performed. RESULTS Area under the curve (AUC) from the receiver operating characteristic of E-plate and latex curves were almost the same and the highest in Vietnam. The latex AUC was slightly lower than the E-plate AUC in other countries, and the difference became statistically significant in Myanmar and then Bangladesh as the lowest. To consider past infection cases, atrophy was additionally evaluated. Most of the AUCs decreased using this atrophy-evaluated status; however, the difference between the two kits was not significant in each country, but the latex AUC was better using all samples. Practical cut-off values were 3.0 U/mL in the E-test and 3.5 U/mL in the latex test, to avoid missing gastric cancer patients to the greatest extent possible. CONCLUSIONS The kits were applicable in all countries, but new kits using regional H. pylori strains are recommended for Myanmar and Bangladesh. Use of a cut-off value lower than the best cut-off value is essential for screening gastric cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junko Akada
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Japan
| | | | - Vo Phuoc Tuan
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Japan.,Department of Endoscopy, Cho Ray Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Shusaku Kurogi
- Clinical Laboratory Center, Oita University Hospital, Yufu, Japan.,Department of Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Japan
| | - Yuichi Matsuo
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Japan
| | - Shamshul Ansari
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Japan
| | - Dalla Doohan
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Japan.,Institute of Tropical Disease, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Bui Hoang Phuc
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Japan
| | - Phawinee Subsomwong
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Japan
| | - Langgeng Agung Waskito
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Japan.,Institute of Tropical Disease, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Tran Thanh Binh
- Department of Endoscopy, Cho Ray Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Lam Tung Nguyen
- Department of Hepatogastroenterology, 108 Military Central Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Vu Van Khien
- Department of Hepatogastroenterology, 108 Military Central Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Ho Dang Quy Dung
- Department of Endoscopy, Cho Ray Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Muhammad Miftahussurur
- Institute of Tropical Disease, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia.,Gastroentero-Hepatology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine-Dr. Soetomo Teaching Hospital, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Ari Fahrial Syam
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Intestinal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Lotay Tshering
- Department of Surgery, Jigme Dorji Wangchuck National Referral Hospital, Thimphu, Bhutan
| | - Ratha-Korn Vilaichone
- Gastroenterology Unit, Digestive Diseases Research Center, Thammasat University Hospital, Khlong Luang, Thailand.,Department of Medicine, Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University Hospital, Khlong Luang, Thailand
| | | | | | - Pradeep Krishna Shrestha
- Department of Gastroenterology, Maharajgunj Medical Campus, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Than Than Yee
- Department of GI and HBP Surgery, No (2) Defense Service General Hospital, Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar
| | - Kyaw Htet
- Department of GI and HBP Surgery, No (1) Defense Service General Hospital, Mingaladon, Myanmar
| | - Hafeza Aftab
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dhaka Medical Collage and Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Takeshi Matsuhisa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tama-Nagayama University Hospital, Nippon Medical School, Tama, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Uchida
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Japan
| | - Tadayoshi Okimoto
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Mizukami
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Japan
| | - Masaaki Kodama
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Japan.,Faculty of Welfare and Health Science, Oita University, Yufu, Japan
| | - Kazunari Murakami
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Japan
| | | | - Yoshio Yamaoka
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Japan.,Global Oita Medical Advanced Research Center for Health, Oita University, Yufu, Japan.,Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology Section, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ohue Y, Kurose K, Karasaki T, Isobe M, Yamaoka T, Futami J, Irei I, Masuda T, Fukuda M, Kinoshita A, Matsushita H, Shimizu K, Nakata M, Hattori N, Yamaguchi H, Fukuda M, Nozawa R, Kakimi K, Oka M. Serum Antibody Against NY-ESO-1 and XAGE1 Antigens Potentially Predicts Clinical Responses to Anti-Programmed Cell Death-1 Therapy in NSCLC. J Thorac Oncol 2019; 14:2071-2083. [PMID: 31449889 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2019.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) inhibitors effectively treat NSCLC and prolong survival. Robust biomarkers for predicting clinical benefits of good response and long survival with anti-PD-1 therapy have yet to be identified; therefore, predictive biomarkers are needed to select patients with benefits. METHODS We conducted a prospective study to explore whether serum antibody against NY-ESO-1 and/or XAGE1 cancer-testis antigens predicted primarily good clinical response and secondarily long survival with anti-PD-1 therapy for NSCLC. The serum antibody was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and tumor immune microenvironment and mutation burden were analyzed by immunohistochemistry and next-generation sequencing. RESULTS In the discovery cohort (n = 13), six antibody-positive NSCLC cases responded to anti-PD-1 therapy (two complete and four partial responses), whereas seven antibody-negative NSCLC cases did not. Antibody positivity was associated with good response and survival, regardless of tumor programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression, mutation burden, and CD8+ T-cell infiltration. In the validation cohort (n = 75), 17 antibody-positive NSCLC cases responded well to anti-PD-1 therapy as compared with 58 negative NSCLC cases (objective response rate 65% versus 19%, p = 0.0006) and showed significantly prolonged progression-free survival and overall survival. Antibody titers highly correlated with tumor reduction rates. In the multivariate analysis, response biomarkers were tumor programmed death ligand 1 expression and antibody positivity, and only antibody positivity was a significantly better predictive biomarker of progression-free survival (hazard ratio = 0.4, p = 0.01) and overall survival (hazard ratio = 0.2, p = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that NY-ESO-1 and/or XAGE1 serum antibodies are useful biomarkers for predicting clinical benefits in anti-PD-1 therapy for NSCLC and probably for other cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Ohue
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan
| | - Koji Kurose
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan
| | - Takahiro Karasaki
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Midori Isobe
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan
| | - Takaaki Yamaoka
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan
| | - Junichiro Futami
- Department of Medical Bioengineering, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Isao Irei
- Department of Pathology, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan
| | - Takeshi Masuda
- Department of Respiratory Internal Medicine, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Masaaki Fukuda
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Japanese Red Cross Nagasaki Genbaku Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Akitoshi Kinoshita
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki Prefecture Shimabara Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Matsushita
- Department of Immunotherapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Cancer Immunology Data Multi-level Integration Unit, Medical Science Innovation Hub Program, RIKEN, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Shimizu
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan
| | - Masao Nakata
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan
| | - Noboru Hattori
- Department of Respiratory Internal Medicine, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yamaguchi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Minoru Fukuda
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan; Clinical Oncology Center, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Ryohei Nozawa
- Faculty of Health and Welfare Services Administration, Kawasaki University of Medical Welfare, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Kakimi
- Department of Immunotherapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Cancer Immunology Data Multi-level Integration Unit, Medical Science Innovation Hub Program, RIKEN, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mikio Oka
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kishikawa H, Kimura K, Ito A, Arahata K, Takarabe S, Kaida S, Miyauchi J, Miura S, Kanai T, Nishida J. Cutoff Pepsinogen Level for Predicting Unintendedly Eradicated Cases of Helicobacter pylori Infection in Subjects with Seemingly Normal Pepsinogen Levels. Digestion 2018; 95:229-236. [PMID: 28355604 DOI: 10.1159/000469705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS/AIMS In the ABC method, which is a method for risk stratification of gastric cancer using serum anti-Helicobacter pylori antibody and pepsinogen (PG) test, subjects with normal PG and seronegative for H. pylori are named as "Group A" and are regarded as having a low risk of gastric cancer. These "Group A" subjects include unintentionally eradicated cases at relatively high risk, and this study aimed to identify these subjects. METHODS Of the 109 subjects, 76 were classified as uninfected Group A subjects with negative histologic H. pylori infection and no histologic and endoscopic atrophy, and 33 subjects were classified serologically as Group A after successful eradication, which are serologically equal to the unintendedly eradicated cases in Group A. The usefulness of measuring PG levels to detect post-eradication cases was validated by using a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. RESULTS The area under the ROC curve for PGI level was 0.736 ± 0.06 (p < 0.01; cutoff value, 37.0 ng/mL; sensitivity, 77.6%; specificity, 72.7%), and that for the PGI/II ratio was 0.660 ± 0.06 (p < 0.01; cutoff value, 5.1; sensitivity, 84.2%; specificity, 43.4%). CONCLUSION PGI levels of ≤37 ng/mL and PGI/II ratios of ≤5.1 effectively identified unintendedly eradicated cases in Group A.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Kishikawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tokyo Dental College, Ichikawa General Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhao Y, Ren Z, Kang Q, Chen Y, Wang X, Tang X, Zhang F, Qin J. Development of an antigen specific colloidal gold immunochromatographic assay for detection of antibody to M. wenyonii in bovine sera. J Microbiol Methods 2017; 143:58-62. [PMID: 29031821 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this research was to develop a colloidal gold immunochromatographic strip test for detection of antibody to Mycoplasma wenyonii (M. wenyonii) in bovine using specific antigen. M. wenyonii was isolated from blood samples from the spontaneously infected cattle in Hebei province, China. Suspensions of the M. wenyonii antigenic proteins were prepared by freeze-thaw cycles and ultrasonication. Candidate antigens were screened with sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and Western blotting. The specific bands of the most antigenic proteins were excised from the gel and were purified by using a gel extraction kit. A colloidal gold immunochromatographic assay using the purified specific proteins as the coating antigen (sp-GICA) was developed for detection of antibody to M. wenyonii. Blood samples from cows in the field were tested for antibody to M. wenyonii by the sp-GICA strip and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) simultaneously to compare the specificity, sensitivity and accuracy. The results showed that the specific proteins bands with sufficient immunoreactivity have been identified. The apparent molecular weights of the proteins were 115 kDa and 60 kDa, respectively. The stability and reproducibility were quite excellent after the storage of the strip at room temperature for 5 months. This sp-GICA showed 95.48% (148/155), 92.86% (39/42) and 94.92% (187/197) in terms of specificity, sensitivity and accuracy compared to ELISA. The sp-GICA described here shows excellent agreement with ELISA and it is shown to be a simple, convenient, specific and highly sensitive assay for detection of serum antibodies to M. wenyonii.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuelan Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, Hebei 071001, China
| | - Zhijun Ren
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, Hebei 071001, China
| | - Qian Kang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, Hebei 071001, China
| | - Yingbin Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, Hebei 071001, China
| | - Xuewei Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, Hebei 071001, China
| | - Xinhao Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, Hebei 071001, China
| | - Fumei Zhang
- College of Agriculture and Forestry Science and Technology, HeBei North University, Zhangjiaokou, Hebei 075000, China
| | - Jianhua Qin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, Hebei 071001, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Tin CM, Yuan L, Dexter RJ, Parra GI, Bui T, Green KY, Sosnovtsev SV. A Luciferase Immunoprecipitation System (LIPS) assay for profiling human norovirus antibodies. J Virol Methods 2017; 248:116-129. [PMID: 28673856 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2017.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A luciferase immunoprecipitation systems (LIPS) assay was developed to define the antigenic specificity and titer of antibodies directed against human norovirus (HuNoV). Recombinant proteins, expressed by plasmid constructs encoding Renilla luciferase (Ruc) fused to the full-length HuNoV major capsid protein (VP1) (Ruc-antigen), were generated for ten HuNoV strains. In addition, subdomain constructs Ruc-Shell (S) and Ruc-Protruding (P) were engineered for a representative GII.4 norovirus (strain GII.4/2006b). The LIPS assay measured antibody levels in a well-defined panel of HuNoV-specific sera, and the results were compared to an ELISA standard. In hyperimmune sera, the LIPS produced titers similar to or higher than those measured by the ELISA of HuNoV-specific antibodies. The specificity of antibodies in various sera was profiled by LIPS with a panel of diverse Ruc-antigens containing full-length HuNoV VP1 proteins or VP1 subdomains, and the assay detected both specific and cross-reactive antibodies. Competition assays, in which antibodies were pre-incubated with one or more intact VLPs representing different genotypes, proved useful in further assessment of the antibody specificity detected by LIPS in complex polyclonal sera. The profiling of HuNoV-specific antibodies in the high-throughput LIPS format may prove useful in defining the strength or specificity of the adaptive immune response following natural infection or vaccination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christine M Tin
- Caliciviruses Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Lijuan Yuan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Rachel J Dexter
- Caliciviruses Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Gabriel I Parra
- Caliciviruses Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Tammy Bui
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Kim Y Green
- Caliciviruses Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stanislav V Sosnovtsev
- Caliciviruses Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Xu DH, Zhang QZ, Shoemaker CA, Zhang D, Moreira GSA. Molecular immune response of channel catfish immunized with live theronts of Ichthyophthirius multifiliis. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2016; 54:86-92. [PMID: 27044331 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.03.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The parasite Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (Ich) has been reported in various freshwater fishes worldwide and results in severe losses to both food and aquarium fish production. The fish surviving natural infections or immunized with live theronts develop strong specific and non-specific immune responses. Little is known about how these immune genes are induced or how they interact and lead to specific immunity against Ichthyophthirius multifiliis in channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus. This study evaluated the differential expression of immune-related genes, including immunoglobulin, immune cell receptor, cytokine, complement factor and toll-like receptors in head kidney from channel catfish at different time points after immunization with live theronts of I. multifiliis. The immunized fish showed significantly higher anti-Ich antibody expressed as immobilization titer and ELISA titer than those of control fish. The vast majority of immunized fish (95%) survived theront challenge. Expression of IgM and IgD heavy chain genes exhibited a rapid increase from 4 hour (h4) to 2 days (d2) post immunization. Expression of immune cell receptor genes (CD4, CD8-α, MHC I, MHC II β, TcR-α, and TcR-β) showed up-regulation from h4 to d6 post immunization, indicating that different immune cells were actively involved in cellular immune response. Cytokine gene expression (IL-1βa, IL-1βb, IFN-γ and TNF-α) increased rapidly at h4 post immunization and were at an up-regulated level until d2 compared to the bovine serum albumin control. Expression of complement factor and toll-like receptor genes exhibited a rapid increase from h4 to d2 post immunization. Results of this study demonstrated differential expression of genes involved in the specific or non-specific immune response post immunization and that the vaccination against Ich resulted in protection against infection by I. multifiliis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- De-Hai Xu
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Aquatic Animal Health Research Unit, 990 Wire Road, Auburn, AL 36832-4352, USA.
| | - Qi-Zhong Zhang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Key Laboratory of Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Craig A Shoemaker
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Aquatic Animal Health Research Unit, 990 Wire Road, Auburn, AL 36832-4352, USA
| | - Dunhua Zhang
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Aquatic Animal Health Research Unit, 990 Wire Road, Auburn, AL 36832-4352, USA
| | - Gabriel S A Moreira
- Laboratory of Parasitology, College of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, 13635-900 Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
One-third of the world's population is infected with tuberculosis, only 10% will develop active disease and the remaining 90% is considered to have latent TB (LTB). While active TB is contagious and can be lethal, the LTB can evolve to active TB. The diagnosis of TB can be challenging, especially in the early stages, due to the variability in presentation and nonspecific signs and symptoms. Currently, we have limited tools available to diagnose active TB, predict treatment efficacy and cure of active tuberculosis, the reactivation of latent tuberculosis infection, and the induction of protective immune responses through vaccination. Therefore, the identification of robust and accurate tuberculosis-specific biomarkers is crucial for the successful eradication of TB. In this commentary, we summarized the available methods for diagnosis and differentiation of active TB from LTB and their limitations. Additionally, we present a novel peptide microarray platform as promising strategy to identify TB biomarkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harvinder Talwar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine and Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI
| | - Jaya Talreja
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine and Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI
| | - Lobelia Samavati
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine and Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI; Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, E. Canfield, Detroit, MI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhang B, Li HL, Fan Q, Guo F, Ren XY, Zhou HB, Zhu JW, Zhao YS, Tian WJ. Serum Helicobacter pylori KatA and AhpC antibodies as novel biomarkers for gastric cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:5060-5067. [PMID: 27275098 PMCID: PMC4886381 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i21.5060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate catalase (KatA) and alkyl hydroperoxide reductase (AhpC) antibodies of Helicobacter pylori as biomarkers for gastric cancer (GC).
METHODS: This study included 232 cases and 264 controls. Recombinant KatA and AhpC proteins were constructed and the levels of antibodies were tested by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Logistic regression was applied to analyze the relationships between KatA, AhpC and GC. The χ2 trend test was used to evaluate the dose-response relationships between serum KatA and AhpC antibody levels and GC. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the screening accuracy of KatA and AhpC as biomarkers. Combined analysis was used to observe screening accuracy of predictors for GC.
RESULTS: In all subjects, the association between KatA and AhpC and GC risk was significant (P < 0.001) with odds ratio (OR) = 12.84 (95%CI: 7.79-21.15) and OR = 2.4 (95%CI: 1.55-3.73), respectively. KatA and AhpC antibody levels were strongly related to GC risk with a dose-dependent effect (P for trend < 0.001). The area under the ROC (AUC) for KatA was 0.806, providing a sensitivity of 66.81% and specificity of 86.36%; and the AUC for AhpC was 0.615, with a sensitivity of 75.65% and specificity of 45.49%. The AUC was 0.906 for KatA and flagella protein A (FlaA) combined analysis.
CONCLUSION: Serum KatA and AhpC antibodies are associated with GC risk and KatA may serve as a biomarker for GC. KatA/FlaA combined analysis improved screening accuracy.
Collapse
|
12
|
Trinh DQ, Ogawa H, Bui VN, Nguyen TTH, Gronsang D, Baatartsogt T, Kizito MK, AboElkhair M, Yamaguchi S, Nguyen VK, Imai K. Development of a blocking latex agglutination test for the detection of antibodies to chicken anemia virus. J Virol Methods 2015; 221:74-80. [PMID: 25952731 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2015.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Revised: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A blocking latex agglutination test (b-LAT) developed in this study was evaluated for the detection of antibodies against chicken anemia virus (CAV) in chickens. Polystyrene latex beads were coupled with a neutralizing monoclonal antibody (mAb) to CAV (mAb-beads). When mAb-beads were mixed with antigens prepared from the lysate of MDCC-MSB1 cells infected with CAV, agglutination occurred. A short pre-incubation of CAV antigens with CAV-specific antiserum inhibited the agglutination of mAb-beads. The test results were obtained within 5min. The specificity of b-LAT was evaluated using sera from specific pathogen-free chickens and sera containing antibodies to avian influenza virus, Newcastle disease virus, infectious bursal disease virus, and Marek's disease virus; nonspecific agglutination and cross-reactivity with antibodies to unrelated viruses were not observed. The examination of 94 serum samples collected from commercial breeder chickens of various ages (17-63 weeks) revealed good agreement (93.6%, Kappa value=0.82) between b-LAT and a virus neutralization test, known to be most sensitive and specific in the detection of antibodies to CAV. These results indicate that b-LAT, a simple and rapid test, is a useful and reliable tool in CAV serology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dai Quang Trinh
- Diagnostic Center for Animal Hygiene and Food Safety, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, 2-11 Inada, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan; National Institute of Veterinary Research, 86 Truong Chinh, Dong Da, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Haruko Ogawa
- Diagnostic Center for Animal Hygiene and Food Safety, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, 2-11 Inada, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Vuong Nghia Bui
- Diagnostic Center for Animal Hygiene and Food Safety, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, 2-11 Inada, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan; National Institute of Veterinary Research, 86 Truong Chinh, Dong Da, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Tham Thi Hong Nguyen
- National Institute of Veterinary Research, 86 Truong Chinh, Dong Da, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Dulyatad Gronsang
- Diagnostic Center for Animal Hygiene and Food Safety, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, 2-11 Inada, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan; Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Tugsbaatar Baatartsogt
- Diagnostic Center for Animal Hygiene and Food Safety, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, 2-11 Inada, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Mugimba Kahoza Kizito
- Diagnostic Center for Animal Hygiene and Food Safety, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, 2-11 Inada, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan; College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Mohammed AboElkhair
- Diagnostic Center for Animal Hygiene and Food Safety, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, 2-11 Inada, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Shigeo Yamaguchi
- Japan Livestock Technology Association, 3-20-9 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0034, Japan
| | - Viet Khong Nguyen
- National Institute of Veterinary Research, 86 Truong Chinh, Dong Da, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Kunitoshi Imai
- Diagnostic Center for Animal Hygiene and Food Safety, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, 2-11 Inada, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Shen C, Xu H, Liu D, Veazey RS, Wang X. Development of serum antibodies during early infancy in rhesus macaques: implications for humoral immune responses to vaccination at birth. Vaccine 2014; 32:5337-5342. [PMID: 25092633 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Revised: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A better understanding of immune responses in human infants could lead to more effective immunization and vaccination strategies in early life. METHODS Since antibodies are key components of protective vaccine responses, we examined developmental changes in serum levels of immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA, IgM) in infant rhesus macaques from birth through 6 months of age. RESULTS As in human infants, macaques are born with high levels of IgG in sera, with rapid increases in serum IgM, yet very slow increases in levels of IgA from birth. We also examined levels of anti-tetanus antibodies in infants born to vaccinated dams to distinguish and track maternal and infant antibodies. These data suggest essentially all serum IgG in newborn infants is derived from the dams, which gradually wanes over a few weeks. In contrast, levels of IgM and IgA appear to all be infant-derived, as evidenced by their low to undetectable levels at birth. In addition, abnormally high levels of serum IgM and IgA were detected in a few infants, which correlated with specific, yet clinically silent disease processes. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that newborn macaques have competent immune systems, and are able to produce their own antibodies in response to exposure to environmental antigens immediately upon birth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chanjuan Shen
- Division of Comparative Pathology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana, USA
| | - Huanbin Xu
- Division of Comparative Pathology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana, USA
| | - David Liu
- Division of Comparative Pathology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana, USA
| | - Ronald S Veazey
- Division of Comparative Pathology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana, USA
| | - Xiaolei Wang
- Division of Comparative Pathology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Otani N, Shima M, Nakajima K, Takesue Y, Okuno T. Development of a simplified and convenient assay for cell-mediated immunity to the mumps virus. J Immunol Methods 2014; 411:50-4. [PMID: 24932836 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2014.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Revised: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Because methods for measuring cell-mediated immunity (CMI) to the mumps virus are expensive, time-consuming, and technically demanding, the role of CMI in mumps virus infection remains unclear. To address this issue, we report here the development of a simplified method for measuring mumps virus-specific CMI that is suitable for use in diverse laboratory and clinical settings. A mumps vaccine was cultured with whole blood, and interferon (IFN)-γ released into the culture supernatant was measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. IFN-γ production in blood from vaccinated subjects markedly increased in response to the vaccine and decreased before the antibody titer decreased in some cases, suggesting that this assay may be used as a simple surrogate method for measuring CMI specific for the mumps virus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naruhito Otani
- Department of Public Health, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Masayuki Shima
- Department of Public Health, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Nakajima
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Yoshio Takesue
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Toshiomi Okuno
- Department of Microbiology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ahmed MS, Derbyshire S, Flanagan B, Loh C, McCormick M, Barocchi M, Masignani V, Finn A, Zhang Q. Immune responses to pneumococcal pilus RrgA and RrgB antigens and their relationship with pneumococcal carriage in humans. J Infect 2014; 68:562-71. [PMID: 24509142 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2014.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Revised: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Pneumococcal pilus antigens are shown to be important in pneumococcal pathogenesis and induce protective immunity in animal studies, but data in humans are limited. We aimed to investigate serum and mucosal immune responses to pilus-1 proteins (RrgA and RrgB) and their relationship with pneumococcal carriage in humans. METHODS Serum and salivary antibodies to RrgA and RrgB in children and adults were analysed by ELISA and immunoblotting. Induction of B cell antibody responses to RrgA and RrgB in nasopharynx-associated lymphoid tissue was studied by ELISpot assay following stimulation with pneumococcal culture supernatants containing pilus proteins. RESULTS Significant levels of serum anti-RrgA and -RrgB antibodies were observed, and anti-RrgA antibody appeared to develop earlier in childhood. Importantly, anti-RrgA IgG titres in both serum and saliva were shown to be higher in culture-negative children than in those who were culture-positive for Streptococcus pneumoniae. Stimulation of adenotonsillar cells with pneumococcal culture supernatant induced significant RrgA- and RrgB-specific antibody secreting cells and antibody production. CONCLUSIONS Pneumococcal pilus antigens, particularly RrgA, seem to induce significant serum and mucosal antibody responses that may contribute to natural immunity against pneumococcal carriage in children.
Collapse
|