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Bahadorani M, Nasiri M, Dellinger K, Aravamudhan S, Zadegan R. Engineering Exosomes for Therapeutic Applications: Decoding Biogenesis, Content Modification, and Cargo Loading Strategies. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:7137-7164. [PMID: 39050874 PMCID: PMC11268655 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s464249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Exosomes emerge from endosomal invagination and range in size from 30 to 200 nm. Exosomes contain diverse proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, which can indicate the state of various physiological and pathological processes. Studies have revealed the remarkable clinical potential of exosomes in diagnosing and prognosing multiple diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular disorders, and neurodegenerative conditions. Exosomes also have the potential to be engineered and deliver their cargo to a specific target. However, further advancements are imperative to optimize exosomes' diagnostic and therapeutic capabilities for practical implementation in clinical settings. This review highlights exosomes' diagnostic and therapeutic applications, emphasizing their engineering through simple incubation, biological, and click chemistry techniques. Additionally, the loading of therapeutic agents onto exosomes, utilizing passive and active strategies, and exploring hybrid and artificial exosomes are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrnoosh Bahadorani
- Department of Nanoengineering, Joint School of Nanoscience & Nanoengineering, North Carolina Agriculture and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Mahboobeh Nasiri
- Department of Nanoengineering, Joint School of Nanoscience & Nanoengineering, North Carolina Agriculture and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Kristen Dellinger
- Department of Nanoengineering, Joint School of Nanoscience & Nanoengineering, North Carolina Agriculture and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Shyam Aravamudhan
- Department of Nanoengineering, Joint School of Nanoscience & Nanoengineering, North Carolina Agriculture and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Reza Zadegan
- Department of Nanoengineering, Joint School of Nanoscience & Nanoengineering, North Carolina Agriculture and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC, USA
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Li H, Bai J, Chen Y, Du C, Chen M, Wang J. Achieving Cross Time-Domain Multiplexed Signal Cascade and Cancer Exosomes Identification by Bridging Long Lifetime Phosphor to NIR-II Lanthanide Energy Transfer. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2309955. [PMID: 38415899 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202309955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Designing lanthanide luminescence lifetime sensors in the second near-infrared (NIR-II) window holds great potentials for physiological studies. However, the single lifetime signal is confined to one or two orders of magnitude of signal variation, which limits the sensitivity of lifetime probes. In this study, a lifetime cascade system, i.e., ZGO:Mn, Eu-DNA-1/TCPP-PEI70K@Yb-AptEpCAM, with a variety of signals (τm, τn, τµ, τm/τn and τm/τµ) is constructed for exosome identification using time-domain multiplexing. The sensitized ligand TCPP acts as both target-modulated switch and a bridge for connecting long lifetime ZGO:Mn, Eu-DNA-1 emitter to lanthanide Yb3+. This drives successive dual-path energy transfer and forms two D(donor)-A(acceptor) pairs. The lifetime variation is dominantly modulated by arranging TCPP as energy intermediate relay to covert milliseconds to nanoseconds to microseconds. It enables a broad lifetime range of six orders of magnitude. The presence of exosome specifically recognizes aptamers on TCPP-PEI70K@Yb-AptEpCAM to impede D-A pairs and reverse multiplexed response signals of the lifetime cascade system. The ratio lifetime signals τm/τn and τm/τµ achieve prominent exosome quantification and exosome type differentiation attributed to signal amplification. The cascade system relying on lifetime criteria can realize precise quantization and provide an effective strategy for subsequent physiological study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Li
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China
| | - Junjie Bai
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China
| | - Yafei Chen
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China
| | - Cheng Du
- Department of Oncology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, 110819, China
| | - Mingli Chen
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China
- Analytical and Testing Center, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China
| | - Jianhua Wang
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China
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Liu Q, Zhang Q, Yao Z, Yi G, Kang Y, Qiu Y, Yang Y, Yuan H, Fu R, Sheng W, Cheng L, Wang W, Wang H, Peng C. Pushing Forward the DNA Walkers in Connection with Tumor-Derived Extracellular Vesicles. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:6231-6252. [PMID: 38915916 PMCID: PMC11194468 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s464895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are microparticles released from cells in both physiological and pathological conditions and could be used to monitor the progression of various pathological states, including neoplastic diseases. In various EVs, tumor-derived extracellular vesicles (TEVs) are secreted by different tumor cells and are abundant in many molecular components, such as proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and carbohydrates. TEVs play a crucial role in forming and advancing various cancer processes. Therefore, TEVs are regarded as promising biomarkers for the early detection of cancer in liquid biopsy. However, the currently developed TEV detection methods still face several key scientific problems that need to be solved, such as low sensitivity, poor specificity, and poor accuracy. To overcome these limitations, DNA walkers have emerged as one of the most popular nanodevices that exhibit better signal amplification capability and enable highly sensitive and specific detection of the analytes. Due to their unique properties of high directionality, flexibility, and efficiency, DNA walkers hold great potential for detecting TEVs. This paper provides an introduction to EVs and DNA walker, additionally, it summarizes recent advances in DNA walker-based detection of TEVs (2018-2024). The review highlights the close relationship between TEVs and DNA walkers, aims to offer valuable insights into TEV detection and to inspire the development of reliable, efficient, simple, and innovative methods for detecting TEVs based on DNA walker in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyi Liu
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiongdan Zhang
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhijian Yao
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Gangqiang Yi
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yeonseok Kang
- College of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Jeonbuk, Korea
| | - Yixing Qiu
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yupei Yang
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hanwen Yuan
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ronggeng Fu
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenbing Sheng
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lidong Cheng
- Hunan Yirentang Chinese Herbal Pieces Co., Ltd, Changde, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huizhen Wang
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Caiyun Peng
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Innovation and Applied Research in Chinese Medicine Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
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Zheng LE, Huang M, Liu Y, Bao Q, Huang Y, Ye Y, Liu M, Sun P. Colorimetric aptasensor based on temporally controllable light-stimulated oxidase-mimicking fluorescein for the sensitive detection of exosomes in mild conditions. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2024; 16:3577-3586. [PMID: 38787692 DOI: 10.1039/d4ay00561a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Analysis of exosomes provides important information for rapid and non-invasive screening of tumors. However, sensitive and convenient detection of exosomes remains technically challenging to date. Herein, a colorimetric aptasensor based on the light-stimulated oxidase-mimicking activity of FITC was constructed for detecting ovarian cancer (OC) exosomes. The aptasensor contained an EpCAM aptamer to capture OC exosomes. Cholesterol and fluorescein (FITC) were used to modify either end of the DNA (DNA anchor). The DNA anchor could combine with exosomes through a hydrophobic reaction between cholesterol and the lipid membrane. FITC oxidized 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) under a 365 nm LED light source in a temporally controllable manner under mild conditions, causing the solution to change from colorless to blue, and the corresponding UV-vis absorbance increased. Based on this principle, the exosomes were qualitatively analyzed by observing the color change with the naked eye. In parallel, the exosome concentration was also detected using UV-vis spectrophotometry. The linear range was from 2 × 105 to 100 × 105 particles per mL with a limit of detection of 1.77 × 105 particles per mL. The developed aptasensor also exhibited favorable selectivity and could discriminate the exosomes from OC cells and normal cells. Besides, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve demonstrates that it is possible to distinguish between patients with OC and healthy donors (HDs) using exosomes as the biomarker. Our technology may expand the applications of DNA-based detection method-enabled OC diagnostic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-E Zheng
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, China
- Department of Gynecology, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350212, China
| | - Min Huang
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, China
- Department of Gynecology, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350212, China
| | - Yiyang Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Qiufang Bao
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, China
- Department of Gynecology, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350212, China
| | - Yuxiu Huang
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, China
- Department of Gynecology, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350212, China
| | - Yuhong Ye
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, China
| | - Mengmeng Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, China.
| | - Pengming Sun
- Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, China.
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Women and Children's Critical Diseases Research, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital (Fujian Women and Children's Hospital), Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, China
- Fujian Clinical Research Center for Gynecological Oncology, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital (Fujian Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital), Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, China
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Lim W, Lee S, Koh M, Jo A, Park J. Recent advances in chemical biology tools for protein and RNA profiling of extracellular vesicles. RSC Chem Biol 2024; 5:483-499. [PMID: 38846074 PMCID: PMC11151817 DOI: 10.1039/d3cb00200d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nano-sized vesicles secreted by cells that contain various cellular components such as proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids from the parent cell. EVs are abundant in body fluids and can serve as circulating biomarkers for a variety of diseases or as a regulator of various biological processes. Considering these characteristics of EVs, analysis of the EV cargo has been spotlighted for disease diagnosis or to understand biological processes in biomedical research. Over the past decade, technologies for rapid and sensitive analysis of EVs in biofluids have evolved, but detection and isolation of targeted EVs in complex body fluids is still challenging due to the unique physical and biological properties of EVs. Recent advances in chemical biology provide new opportunities for efficient profiling of the molecular contents of EVs. A myriad of chemical biology tools have been harnessed to enhance the analytical performance of conventional assays for better understanding of EV biology. In this review, we will discuss the improvements that have been achieved using chemical biology tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woojeong Lim
- Department of Chemistry, Kangwon National University Chuncheon 24341 Korea
| | - Soyeon Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Kangwon National University Chuncheon 24341 Korea
| | - Minseob Koh
- Department of Chemistry, Pusan National University Busan 46241 Republic of Korea
| | - Ala Jo
- Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science Seoul 03722 Republic of Korea
| | - Jongmin Park
- Department of Chemistry, Kangwon National University Chuncheon 24341 Korea
- Institute for Molecular Science and Fusion Technology, Kangwon National University Chuncheon 24341 Republic of Korea
- Multidimensional Genomics Research Center, Kangwon National University Chuncheon 24341 Republic of Korea
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Fan Z, Zhou J, Shu Q, Dong Y, Li Y, Zhang T, Bai G, Yu H, Lu F, Li J, Zhao X. Aptamer-bivalent-cholesterol-mediated proximity entropy-driven exosomal protein reporter for tumor diagnosis. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 251:116104. [PMID: 38368644 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Exosomal proteins from the parental cells are considered to be promising biomarker sets for precise tumor diagnostics and monitoring. However, the accurate quantitative analysis of low-abundance exosomal proteins remains challenging due to the heterogeneity of clinical samples. Here, we standardized the exosomal concentration with a fluorogenic membrane probe and developed an aptamer-bivalent-cholesterol-mediated Proximity Entropy-driven Exosomal Protein Reporter (PEEPR). The proposed PEEPR enables the in-situ analysis of multiple exosomal proteins by integrating bivalent cholesterol anchor (exosomal lipid bilayer) and aptamer (exosomal proteins) with a proximity entropy-driven circuit. Based on this strategy, we successfully achieved detection limits of 3.9 pg/mL exosomal GPC-3 and 3.4 pg/mL exosomal PD-L1. Notably, the standardization of exosome concentrations is designed to avoid errors due to biological heterogeneity. The results showed that evaluating the levels of exosomal GPC-3 and PD-L1 in clinical samples via this strategy could accurately differentiate healthy individuals, hepatitis B patients, and hepatocellular carcinoma patients. In summary, PEEPR is a promising clinical diagnostic strategy for the quantitative analysis of a variety of tumor-associated exosomal proteins for the precise diagnosis and personalized treatment monitoring of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Fan
- Department of Oncology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xingcheng Special Service Sanatorium of Strategic Support Force, Huludao, 125100, China
| | - Qiuxia Shu
- Department of Oncology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yan Dong
- Department of Oncology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yingxue Li
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Tingrui Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Gang Bai
- Department of Oncology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China; School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Hua Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Fanghao Lu
- Department of Oncology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Jianjun Li
- Department of Oncology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.
| | - Xiang Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.
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He J, Long J, Zhai C, Xu J, Bao K, Su W, Jiang L, Shen G, Ding X. Codetection of Proteins and RNAs on Extracellular Vesicles for Pancreatic Cancer Early Diagnosis. Anal Chem 2024; 96:6618-6627. [PMID: 38626343 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c05858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
Tumor-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) carry tumor-specific proteins and RNAs, thus becoming prevalent targets for early cancer diagnosis. However, low expression of EV cargos and insufficient diagnostic power of individual biomarkers hindered EVs application in clinical practice. Herein, we propose a multiplex Codetection platform of proteins and RNAs (Co-PAR) for EVs. Co-PAR adopted a pair of antibody-DNA probes to recognize the same target protein, which in turn formed a double-stranded DNA. Thus, the target protein could be quantified by detecting the double-stranded DNA via qPCR. Meanwhile, qRT-PCR simultaneously quantified the target RNAs. Thus, with a regular qPCR instrument, Co-PAR enabled the codetection of multiplex proteins and RNAs, with the sensitivity of 102 EVs/μL (targeting CD63) and 1 EV/μL (targeting snRNA U6). We analyzed the coexpressions of three protein markers (CD63, GPC-1, HER2) and three RNA markers (snRNA U6, GPC-1 mRNA, miR-10b) on EVs from three pancreatic cell lines and 30 human plasma samples using Co-PAR. The diagnostic accuracy of the 6-biomarker combination reached 92.9%, which was at least 6.2% higher than that of 3-biomarker combinations and at least 13.5% higher than that of 6 single biomarkers. Co-PAR, as a multiparameter detection platform for EVs, has great potential in early disease diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie He
- Department of Anesthesiology and Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Institute for Personalized Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Jiang Long
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Institute of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Chunhui Zhai
- Department of Anesthesiology and Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Institute for Personalized Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Jiasu Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Institute for Personalized Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Kaiwen Bao
- Department of Anesthesiology and Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Institute for Personalized Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Wenqiong Su
- Department of Anesthesiology and Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Institute for Personalized Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Lai Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Institute for Personalized Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Guangxia Shen
- Department of Anesthesiology and Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Institute for Personalized Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Xianting Ding
- Department of Anesthesiology and Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Institute for Personalized Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
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Sun Z, Zhang B, Tu H, Pan C, Chai Y, Chen W. Advances in colorimetric biosensors of exosomes: novel approaches based on natural enzymes and nanozymes. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:1005-1024. [PMID: 38117141 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr05459d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are 30-150 nm vesicles derived from diverse cell types, serving as one of the most important biomarkers for early diagnosis and prognosis of diseases. However, the conventional detection method for exosomes faces significant challenges, such as unsatisfactory sensitivity, complicated operation, and the requirement of complicated devices. In recent years, colorimetric exosome biosensors with a visual readout underwent rapid development due to the advances in natural enzyme-based assays and the integration of various types of nanozymes. These synthetic nanomaterials show unique physiochemical properties and catalytic abilities, enabling the construction of exosome colorimetric biosensors with novel principles. This review will illustrate the reaction mechanisms and properties of natural enzymes and nanozymes, followed by a detailed introduction of the recent advances in both types of enzyme-based colorimetric biosensors. A comparison between natural enzymes and nanozymes is made to provide insights into the research that improves the sensitivity and convenience of assays. Finally, the advantages, challenges, and future directions of enzymes as well as exosome colorimetric biosensors are highlighted, aiming at improving the overall performance from different approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghao Sun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medicine School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Binmao Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medicine School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Hangjia Tu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medicine School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Chuye Pan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Yujuan Chai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medicine School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Wenwen Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medicine School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
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Altıntaş Ö, Saylan Y. Exploring the Versatility of Exosomes: A Review on Isolation, Characterization, Detection Methods, and Diverse Applications. Anal Chem 2023; 95:16029-16048. [PMID: 37874907 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c02224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are crucial mediators of intercellular communication and can be classified based on their physical properties, biomolecular structure, and origin. Among EVs, exosomes have garnered significant attention due to their potential as therapeutic and diagnostic tools. Exosomes are released via fusion of multivesicular bodies on plasma membranes and can be isolated from various biofluids using methods such as differential ultracentrifugation, immune affinity capture, ultrafiltration, and size exclusion chromatography. Herein, an overview of different techniques for exosome characterization and isolation, as well as the diverse applications of exosome detection, including their potential use in drug delivery and disease diagnosis, is provided. Additionally, we discuss the emerging field of exosome detection by sensors, which offers an up-and-coming avenue for point-of-care diagnostic tools development. Overall, this review aims to provide a exhaustive and up-to-date summary of the current state of exosome research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özge Altıntaş
- Hacettepe University, Department of Chemistry, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yeşeren Saylan
- Hacettepe University, Department of Chemistry, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
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Qian Q, Wei Y, Xu Y, Zheng M, Wang C, Zhang S, Xie X, Ye C, Mi X. Microfluidic magnetic detection system combined with a DNA framework-mediated immune-sandwich assay for rapid and sensitive detection of tumor-derived exosomes. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2023; 9:139. [PMID: 38025882 PMCID: PMC10630345 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-023-00617-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Tumor-derived circulating exosomes (TDEs) are being pursued as informative and noninvasive biomarkers. However, quantitatively detecting TDEs is still challenging. Herein, we constructed a DNA tetrahedral-structured probe (TSP)-mediated microfluidic magnetic detection system (μFMS) to provide a rapid and sensitive platform for analyzing TDEs. CD63 aptamer-modified Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) were constructed to form magnetic nano-report probes (MNRs). The microfluidic chips were fabricated from glass functionalized with DNA TSP-modified aldehyde groups and a PDMS layer designed with serpentine microchannels. An induction coil-based magnetic detector was used to measure the magnetic signal. The linear dynamic range of the μFMS system for TDE assays was 1.98 × 103-1.98 × 107 particles/mL with a limit of detection of 1.98 × 103 particles/mL in PBS. There was no significant difference in TDE detection between the simulated serum and PBS, which indicated the feasibility of the constructed μFMS system for TDE analysis in complex biological systems. In terms of cost, reaction time and operation procedure, this μFMS has the potential to be developed as a clinical point-of-care testing tool for cancer diagnosis and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuling Qian
- National Key Laboratory of Materials for Integrated Circuits, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 865 Changning Road, Shanghai, 200050 China
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201210 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Yutong Wei
- National Key Laboratory of Materials for Integrated Circuits, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 865 Changning Road, Shanghai, 200050 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
- School of Information Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai, 201210 China
| | - Yi Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Materials for Integrated Circuits, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 865 Changning Road, Shanghai, 200050 China
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201210 China
| | - Mengmeng Zheng
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201210 China
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444 China
| | - Chenguang Wang
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201210 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Shulin Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Materials for Integrated Circuits, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 865 Changning Road, Shanghai, 200050 China
| | - Xiaoming Xie
- National Key Laboratory of Materials for Integrated Circuits, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 865 Changning Road, Shanghai, 200050 China
| | - Chaofeng Ye
- School of Information Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai, 201210 China
| | - Xianqiang Mi
- National Key Laboratory of Materials for Integrated Circuits, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 865 Changning Road, Shanghai, 200050 China
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201210 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024 China
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11
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Peng Y, Ou S, Li M, Hu Z, Zeng Z, Feng N. An electrochemical biosensor based on network-like DNA nanoprobes for detection of mesenchymal circulating tumor cells. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 238:115564. [PMID: 37544105 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
The identification and detection of mesenchymal circulating tumor cells (mCTCs) is important for early warning of tumor metastasis. The majority of conventional detection methods for CTCs rely on the recognition of epithelial biomarkers, which is technically challenging for detecting CTCs with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-induced phenotypic alteration. In this work, we have constructed a label-free biosensor for sensitive electrochemical assay of mCTCs. In our design, the capture probe can recognize the vimentin overexpressed on the surface of mCTCs with high specificity. Meantime, the network-like DNA nanoprobes with multiple G-quadruplex/hemin complexes and multiple cholesterol molecules can be grafted to the cell surface based on the high affinity between cholesterol molecules and cell membrane. Owing to the mimic horseradish peroxidase of G-quadruplex/hemin complexes, strong electrochemical responses will be obtained for sensitive quantification of mCTCs with a detection limit of 8 cell mL-1. Moreover, the biosensor can effectively overcome the interference of vimentin negative cells or secretory vimentin, and realize the recovery tests in whole blood with high accuracy, thereby may further promoting the diagnosis and personalized treatment of cancer in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Peng
- Immune Cells and Antibody Engineering Research Center in University of Guizhou Province, Key Laboratory of Biology and Medical Engineering, School of Biology and Engineering (School of Modern Industry for Health and Medicine), Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Sha Ou
- Immune Cells and Antibody Engineering Research Center in University of Guizhou Province, Key Laboratory of Biology and Medical Engineering, School of Biology and Engineering (School of Modern Industry for Health and Medicine), Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Menglu Li
- Department of Urology, Jiangnan University Medical Center, Wuxi, 214000, China
| | - Zuquan Hu
- Immune Cells and Antibody Engineering Research Center in University of Guizhou Province, Key Laboratory of Biology and Medical Engineering, School of Biology and Engineering (School of Modern Industry for Health and Medicine), Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China; Key Laboratory of Infectious Immune and Antibody Engineering in University of Guizhou Province, Engineering Research Center of Cellular Immunotherapy of Guizhou Proviol of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China; State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Zhu Zeng
- Immune Cells and Antibody Engineering Research Center in University of Guizhou Province, Key Laboratory of Biology and Medical Engineering, School of Biology and Engineering (School of Modern Industry for Health and Medicine), Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China; Key Laboratory of Infectious Immune and Antibody Engineering in University of Guizhou Province, Engineering Research Center of Cellular Immunotherapy of Guizhou Proviol of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China; State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Ninghan Feng
- Department of Urology, Jiangnan University Medical Center, Wuxi, 214000, China.
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12
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Gubu A, Zhang X, Lu A, Zhang B, Ma Y, Zhang G. Nucleic acid amphiphiles: Synthesis, properties, and applications. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2023; 33:144-163. [PMID: 37456777 PMCID: PMC10345231 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2023.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Nucleic acid amphiphiles, referring to nucleic acids modified with large hydrophobic groups, have been widely used in programmable bioengineering. Since nucleic acids are intrinsically hydrophilic, the hydrophobic groups endow nucleic acid amphiphiles with unique properties, such as self-assembling, interactions with artificial or biological membranes, and transmembrane transport. Importantly, the hybridization or target binding capability of oligonucleotide itself supplies nucleic acid amphiphiles with excellent programmability. As a result, this type of molecule has attracted considerable attention in academic studies and has enormous potential for further applications. For a comprehensive understanding of nucleic acid amphiphiles, we review the reported research on nucleic acid amphiphiles from their molecular design to final applications, in which we summarize the synthetic strategies for nucleic acid amphiphiles and draw much attention to their unique properties in different contexts. Finally, a summary of the applications of nucleic acid amphiphiles in drug development, bioengineering, and bioanalysis are critically discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amu Gubu
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone & Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Aptacure Therapeutics Limited, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xueli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chemical Biology Center, Peking University, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, China
| | - Aiping Lu
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone & Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Institute of Integrated Bioinfomedicine and Translational Science, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tsai, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Institute of Precision Medicine and Innovative Drug Discovery, HKBU Institute for Research and Continuing Education, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Baoting Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yuan Ma
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone & Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Institute of Integrated Bioinfomedicine and Translational Science, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tsai, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Institute of Precision Medicine and Innovative Drug Discovery, HKBU Institute for Research and Continuing Education, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Ge Zhang
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone & Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Institute of Integrated Bioinfomedicine and Translational Science, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tsai, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Institute of Precision Medicine and Innovative Drug Discovery, HKBU Institute for Research and Continuing Education, Shenzhen 518000, China
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13
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He J, Li H, Mai J, Ke Y, Zhai C, Li JJ, Jiang L, Shen G, Ding X. Profiling extracellular vesicle surface proteins with 10 µL peripheral plasma within 4 h. J Extracell Vesicles 2023; 12:e12364. [PMID: 37654045 PMCID: PMC10471920 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicle (EV) surface proteins, expressed by primary tumours, are important biomarkers for early cancer diagnosis. However, the detection of these EV proteins is complicated by their low abundance and interference from non-EV components in clinical samples. Herein, we present a MEmbrane-Specific Separation and two-step Cascade AmpLificatioN (MESS2CAN) strategy for direct detection of EV surface proteins within 4 h. MESS2CAN utilises novel lipid probes (long chains linked by PEG2K with biotin at one end, and DSPE at the other end) and streptavidin-coated magnetic beads, permitting a 49.6% EV recovery rate within 1 h. A dual amplification strategy with a primer exchange reaction (PER) cascaded by the Cas12a system then allows sensitive detection of the target protein at 10 EV particles per microliter. Using 4 cell lines and 90 clinical test samples, we demonstrate MESS2CAN for analysing HER2, EpCAM and EGFR expression on EVs derived from cells and patient plasma. MESS2CAN reports the desired specificity and sensitivity of EGFR (AUC = 0.98) and of HER2 (AUC = 1) for discriminating between HER2-positive breast cancer, triple-negative breast cancer and healthy donors. MESS2CAN is a pioneering method for highly sensitive in vitro EV diagnostics, applicable to clinical samples with trace amounts of EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie He
- Department of Anesthesiology and Surgical Intensive Care Unit School of Medicine and School of Biomedical EngineeringXinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Institute for Personalized MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Hengyu Li
- Department of Breast and Thyroid SurgeryChanghai Hospital, Naval Military Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - John Mai
- Alfred E. Mann Institute for Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Yuqing Ke
- Department of Anesthesiology and Surgical Intensive Care Unit School of Medicine and School of Biomedical EngineeringXinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Institute for Personalized MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Chunhui Zhai
- Department of Anesthesiology and Surgical Intensive Care Unit School of Medicine and School of Biomedical EngineeringXinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Institute for Personalized MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Jiao Jiao Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering Faculty of Engineering and ITUniversity of Technology SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Lai Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Surgical Intensive Care Unit School of Medicine and School of Biomedical EngineeringXinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Institute for Personalized MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Guangxia Shen
- Department of Anesthesiology and Surgical Intensive Care Unit School of Medicine and School of Biomedical EngineeringXinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Institute for Personalized MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xianting Ding
- Department of Anesthesiology and Surgical Intensive Care Unit School of Medicine and School of Biomedical EngineeringXinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Institute for Personalized MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
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14
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Sonbhadra S, Mehak, Pandey LM. Biogenesis, Isolation, and Detection of Exosomes and Their Potential in Therapeutics and Diagnostics. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:802. [PMID: 37622888 PMCID: PMC10452587 DOI: 10.3390/bios13080802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
The increasing research and rapid developments in the field of exosomes provide insights into their role and significance in human health. Exosomes derived from various sources, such as mesenchymal stem cells, cardiac cells, and tumor cells, to name a few, can be potential therapeutic agents for the treatment of diseases and could also serve as biomarkers for the early detection of diseases. Cellular components of exosomes, several proteins, lipids, and miRNAs hold promise as novel biomarkers for the detection of various diseases. The structure of exosomes enables them as drug delivery vehicles. Since exosomes exhibit potential therapeutic applications, their efficient isolation from complex biological/clinical samples and precise real-time analysis becomes significant. With the advent of microfluidics, nano-biosensors are being designed to capture exosomes efficiently and rapidly. Herein, we have summarized the history, biogenesis, characteristics, functions, and applications of exosomes, along with the isolation, detection, and quantification techniques. The implications of surface modifications to enhance specificity have been outlined. The review also sheds light on the engineered nanoplatforms being developed for exosome detection and capture.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lalit M. Pandey
- Bio-Interface & Environmental Engineering Lab, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India; (S.S.); (M.)
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15
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Chen J, Zhang J, Xie Q, Chu Z, Zhang F, Wang Q. Ultrasensitive detection of exosomes by microchip electrophoresis combining with triple amplification strategies. Talanta 2023; 265:124930. [PMID: 37451122 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
The analysis of exosomes is significant as they can be used for various pathophysiological processes, especially cancer related intercellular communication. Therefore, a convenient, reliable, and sensitive detection method is urgently needed. Strand displacement amplification (SDA) and catalytic hairpin assembly (CHA) are two kinds of effective isothermal nucleic acid amplification methods. In this article, an efficient quantitative MCE method for detecting human breast cancer cell (MCF-7) exosomes assisted by triple amplification strategies combining cholesterol probe (Chol-probe) with SDA-CHA was first developed. CD63 aptamer was immobilized on the avidin magnetic beads to specifically capture exosomes and then Chol-probe with high affinity was spontaneously inserted into the exosome membrane, which was the first step of amplification strategy to improve detection sensitivity. After magnetic separation, Chol-probe could complement ssDNA and trigger SDA, producing a large number of DNA sequences (Ta) to trigger CHA, achieving SDA-CHA amplification. Under optimal conditions, the detection limit (LOD) for MCF-7 exosomes was as low as 26 particle/μL (S/N = 3). This method provides an effective approach for sensitive and accurate quantification of tumor exosomes, and can be expected to detect exosomes in clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Chen
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200241, PR China
| | - Jingzi Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200241, PR China
| | - Qihui Xie
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200241, PR China
| | - Zhaohui Chu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200241, PR China
| | - Fan Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200241, PR China.
| | - Qingjiang Wang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200241, PR China.
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16
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Li D, Ren Y, Chen R, Wu H, Zhuang S, Zhang M. Label-free MXene-assisted field effect transistor for the determination of IL-6 in patients with kidney transplantation infection. Mikrochim Acta 2023; 190:284. [PMID: 37417992 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-023-05814-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
A spiral interdigitated MXene-assisted field effect transistor (SiMFETs) was proposed for determination of IL-6 in patients with kidney transplantation infection. Our SiMFETs demonstrated enhanced IL-6 detection range of 10 fg/mL-100 ng/mL due to the combination of optimized transistor's structure and semiconducting nanocomposites. Specifically, on one hand, MXene-based field effect transistor drastically amplified the amperometric signal for determination of IL-6; on the other hand, the multiple spiral structure of interdigitated drain-source architecture improved the transconductance of FET biosensor. The developed SiMFETs biosensor demonstrated satisfactory stability for 2 months, and favorable reproducibility and selectivity against other biochemical interferences. The SiMFETs biosensor exhibited acceptable correlation coefficient (R2=0.955) in quantification of clinical biosamples. The sensor successfully distinguished the infected patients from the health control with enhanced AUC of 0.939 (sensitivity of 91.7%, specificity of 86.7%). Those merits introduced here may pave an alternative strategy for transistor-based biosensor in point-of-care clinic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Li
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaofei Ren
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruoyang Chen
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haoyu Wu
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaoyong Zhuang
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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17
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Zheng J, Hu X, Zeng Y, Zhang B, Sun Z, Liu X, Zheng W, Chai Y. Review of the advances in lipid anchors-based biosensors for the isolation and detection of exosomes. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1263:341319. [PMID: 37225343 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are nanoparticles with a bilayer lipid structure that carry cargo from their cells of origin. These vesicles are vital to disease diagnosis and therapeutics; however, conventional isolation and detection techniques are generally complicated, time-consuming, and costly, thus hampering the clinical applications of exosomes. Meanwhile, sandwich-structured immunoassays for exosome isolation and detection rely on the specific binding of membrane surface biomarkers, which may be limited by the type and amount of target protein present. Recently, lipid anchors inserted into the membranes of vesicles through hydrophobic interactions have been adopted as a new strategy for extracellular vesicle manipulation. By combining nonspecific and specific binding, the performance of biosensors can be improved variously. This review presents the reaction mechanisms and properties of lipid anchors/probes, as well as advances in the development of biosensors. The combination of signal amplification methods with lipid anchors is discussed in detail to provide insights into the design of convenient and sensitive detection techniques. Finally, the advantages, challenges, and future directions of lipid anchor-based exosome isolation and detection methods are highlighted from the perspectives of research, clinical use, and commercialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyuan Zheng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Xiaoxiang Hu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Yuping Zeng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Binmao Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Zhonghao Sun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Xiaowei Liu
- Department of Management, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Weidong Zheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Yujuan Chai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
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18
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Mahmoodpour M, Kiasari BA, Karimi M, Abroshan A, Shamshirian D, Hosseinalizadeh H, Delavari A, Mirzei H. Paper-based biosensors as point-of-care diagnostic devices for the detection of cancers: a review of innovative techniques and clinical applications. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1131435. [PMID: 37456253 PMCID: PMC10348714 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1131435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The development and rapid progression of cancer are major social problems. Medical diagnostic techniques and smooth clinical care of cancer are new necessities that must be supported by innovative diagnostic methods and technologies. Current molecular diagnostic tools based on the detection of blood protein markers are the most common tools for cancer diagnosis. Biosensors have already proven to be a cost-effective and accessible diagnostic tool that can be used where conventional laboratory methods are not readily available. Paper-based biosensors offer a new look at the world of analytical techniques by overcoming limitations through the creation of a simple device with significant advantages such as adaptability, biocompatibility, biodegradability, ease of use, large surface-to-volume ratio, and cost-effectiveness. In this review, we covered the characteristics of exosomes and their role in tumor growth and clinical diagnosis, followed by a discussion of various paper-based biosensors for exosome detection, such as dipsticks, lateral flow assays (LFA), and microfluidic paper-based devices (µPADs). We also discussed the various clinical studies on paper-based biosensors for exosome detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrdad Mahmoodpour
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Paramedicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Bahman Abedi Kiasari
- Virology Department, Faculty of Veterinary, The University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Merat Karimi
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran
| | - Arezou Abroshan
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Bahonar University, Kerman, Iran
| | - Danial Shamshirian
- Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Hosseinalizadeh
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Paramedicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Alireza Delavari
- Student's Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Mirzei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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19
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Kozhevnikova D, Chernyshev V, Yashchenok A. Progress in Isolation and Molecular Profiling of Small Extracellular Vesicles via Bead-Assisted Platforms. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:688. [PMID: 37504087 PMCID: PMC10377709 DOI: 10.3390/bios13070688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Tremendous interest in research of small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) is driven by the participation of vesicles in a number of biological processes in the human body. Being released by almost all cells of the body, sEVs present in complex bodily fluids form the so-called intercellular communication network. The isolation and profiling of individual fractions of sEVs secreted by pathological cells are significant in revealing their physiological functions and clinical importance. Traditional methods for isolation and purification of sEVs from bodily fluids are facing a number of challenges, such as low yield, presence of contaminants, long-term operation and high costs, which restrict their routine practical applications. Methods providing a high yield of sEVs with a low content of impurities are actively developing. Bead-assisted platforms are very effective for trapping sEVs with high recovery yield and sufficient purity for further molecular profiling. Here, we review recent advances in the enrichment of sEVs via bead-assisted platforms emphasizing the type of binding sEVs to the bead surface, sort of capture and target ligands and isolation performance. Further, we discuss integration-based technologies for the capture and detection of sEVs as well as future research directions in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Kozhevnikova
- Skoltech Center for Photonic Science and Engineering, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology Skolkovo Innovation Center, 121205 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vasiliy Chernyshev
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology Named after Academician V.I. Kulakov, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey Yashchenok
- Skoltech Center for Photonic Science and Engineering, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology Skolkovo Innovation Center, 121205 Moscow, Russia
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20
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Zhang H, Zheng X, Zhao T, Chen Y, Luo Y, Dong Y, Tang H, Jiang J. Real-Time Monitoring of Exosomes Secretion from Single Cell Using Dual-Nanopore Biosensors. ACS Sens 2023. [PMID: 37368982 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c00288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes secreted from cells carry rich information from their parent cells, representing a promising biomarker for investigation of diseases. We develop a dual-nanopore biosensor using DNA aptamers to specifically recognize CD63 protein on the exosome's surface, which enables label-free exosome detection based on ionic current change. The sensor allows for sensitive detection of exosomes with a detection limit of 3.4 × 106 particles/mL. The dual-nanopore biosensor was able to form an intrapipette electric circuit for ionic current measurement due to its unique structure, which is crucial to achieve detection of exosome secretion from a single cell. We utilized a microwell array chip to entrap a single cell into a confined microwell with small volume, enabling the accumulation of exosomes with high concentration. The dual-nanopore biosensor was positioned into the microwell with a single cell, and monitoring of exosome secretion from a single cell in different cell lines and under different stimulations has been achieved. Our design may provide a useful platform for developing nanopore biosensors for detecting cell secretions from a single living cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongshuai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
- Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease, Clinical Research Institute, the Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421002, China
| | - Xin Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Tao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Yiping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Yang Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Yangcan Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Hao Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Jianhui Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
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Chen Y, Gao D, Zhu Q, Chu B, Peng J, Wang J, Liu L, Jiang Y. Rapid exosome isolation and in situ multiplexed detection of exosomal surface proteins and microRNAs on microfluidic platform. Analyst 2023; 148:2387-2394. [PMID: 37129052 DOI: 10.1039/d3an00335c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are considered as promising biomarkers for early cancer diagnosis and prognosis. However, the majority of the research studies focused on a single type of exosomal biomarkers, which cannot comprehensively reflect the state of cancer for accurate diagnosis. To address this problem, we presented a ship-shaped microfluidic device containing a microcolumn array for simultaneous in situ detection of exosomal surface proteins and miRNAs. Exosomes were first captured in the microchannels modified with CD63 protein aptamer. Exosomal surface proteins and miRNAs were simultaneously detected in four parallel channels to avoid the interference of fluorescent signals using specific aptamers labeled by Cy5 and catalytic hairpin assembly (CHA) based signal amplification strategy. The limit of detection for multiplexed markers in exosomes was 83 exosomes per μL, which is comparable to previously reported methods. Through quantitative analysis of two disease-specific surface proteins and miRNAs derived from different cancer cells and clinical serum samples, different cancer subtypes as well as cancer patients and healthy people could be significantly distinguished. These results suggest that this simple, highly sensitive, and more accurate analytical strategy by simultaneous in situ profiling of different types of exosomal biomarkers has potential applications in cancer diagnosis and stage monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China.
| | - Dan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China.
| | - Qingyun Zhu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Cancer Research Institute, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Bizhu Chu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Jie Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China.
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518020, China
| | - Liping Liu
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreas Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern Uni-versity of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuyang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China.
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22
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Brezgin S, Parodi A, Kostyusheva A, Ponomareva N, Lukashev A, Sokolova D, Pokrovsky VS, Slatinskaya O, Maksimov G, Zamyatnin AA, Chulanov V, Kostyushev D. Technological aspects of manufacturing and analytical control of biological nanoparticles. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 64:108122. [PMID: 36813011 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-derived biological nanoparticles that gained great interest for drug delivery. EVs have numerous advantages compared to synthetic nanoparticles, such as ideal biocompatibility, safety, ability to cross biological barriers and surface modification via genetic or chemical methods. On the other hand, the translation and the study of these carriers resulted difficult, mostly because of significant issues in up-scaling, synthesis and impractical methods of quality control. However, current manufacturing advances enable EV packaging with any therapeutic cargo, including DNA, RNA (for RNA vaccines and RNA therapeutics), proteins, peptides, RNA-protein complexes (including gene-editing complexes) and small molecules drugs. To date, an array of new and upgraded technologies have been introduced, substantially improving EV production, isolation, characterization and standardization. The used-to-be "gold standards" of EV manufacturing are now outdated, and the state-of-art requires extensive revision. This review re-evaluates the pipeline for EV industrial production and provides a critical overview of the modern technologies required for their synthesis and characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Brezgin
- Martsinovsky Institute of Medical Parasitology, Tropical and Vector-Borne Diseases, Sechenov University, Moscow 119048, Russia; Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi 354340, Russia
| | | | - Anastasiya Kostyusheva
- Martsinovsky Institute of Medical Parasitology, Tropical and Vector-Borne Diseases, Sechenov University, Moscow 119048, Russia
| | - Natalia Ponomareva
- Martsinovsky Institute of Medical Parasitology, Tropical and Vector-Borne Diseases, Sechenov University, Moscow 119048, Russia; Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi 354340, Russia
| | - Alexander Lukashev
- Martsinovsky Institute of Medical Parasitology, Tropical and Vector-Borne Diseases, Sechenov University, Moscow 119048, Russia
| | - Darina Sokolova
- Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi 354340, Russia; Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Moscow 115478, Russia; People's Friendship University, Moscow 117198, Russia
| | - Vadim S Pokrovsky
- Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi 354340, Russia; Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Moscow 115478, Russia; People's Friendship University, Moscow 117198, Russia
| | - Olga Slatinskaya
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Biology, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Georgy Maksimov
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Biology, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Andrey A Zamyatnin
- Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi 354340, Russia; Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia; Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7X, UK
| | - Vladimir Chulanov
- Martsinovsky Institute of Medical Parasitology, Tropical and Vector-Borne Diseases, Sechenov University, Moscow 119048, Russia; Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi 354340, Russia; Department of Infectious Diseases, Sechenov University, Moscow 119048, Russia; National Medical Research Center for Tuberculosis and Infectious Diseases, Moscow 127994, Russia
| | - Dmitry Kostyushev
- Martsinovsky Institute of Medical Parasitology, Tropical and Vector-Borne Diseases, Sechenov University, Moscow 119048, Russia; Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi 354340, Russia.
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23
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Khaksari S, Abnous K, Hadizadeh F, Ramezani M, Taghdisi SM, Mousavi Shaegh SA. Signal amplification strategies in biosensing of extracellular vesicles (EVs). Talanta 2023; 256:124244. [PMID: 36640707 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.124244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-enclosed vesicles secreted from mammalian cells. EVs act as multicomponent delivery vehicles to carry a wide variety of biological molecular information and participate in intercellular communications. Since elevated levels of EVs are associated with some pathological states such as inflammatory diseases and cancers, probing circulating EVs holds a great potential for early diagnostics. To this end, several detection methods have been developed in which biosensors have attracted great attentions in identification of EVs due to their simple instrumentation, versatile design and portability for point-of-care applications. The concentrations of EVs in bodily fluids are extremely low (i.e. 1-100 per μl) at early stages of a disease, which necessitates the use of signal amplification strategies for EVs detection. In this way, this review presents and discusses various amplification strategies for EVs biosensors based on detection modalities including surface plasmon resonance (SPR), calorimetry, fluorescence, electrochemical and electrochemiluminescence (ECL). In addition, microfluidic systems employed for signal amplification are reviewed and discussed in terms of their design and integration with the detection methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sedighe Khaksari
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Laboratory of Microfluidics and Medical Microsystems, Bu Ali Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Khalil Abnous
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Farzin Hadizadeh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Ramezani
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Seyed Mohammad Taghdisi
- Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Seyed Ali Mousavi Shaegh
- Orthopedic Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Clinical Research Unit, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Laboratory of Microfluidics and Medical Microsystems, Bu Ali Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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24
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Uddin N, Binzel DW, Shu D, Fu TM, Guo P. Targeted delivery of RNAi to cancer cells using RNA-ligand displaying exosome. Acta Pharm Sin B 2023; 13:1383-1399. [PMID: 37139430 PMCID: PMC10149909 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosome is an excellent vesicle for in vivo delivery of therapeutics, including RNAi and chemical drugs. The extremely high efficiency in cancer regression can partly be attributed to its fusion mechanism in delivering therapeutics to cytosol without endosome trapping. However, being composed of a lipid-bilayer membrane without specific recognition capacity for aimed-cells, the entry into nonspecific cells can lead to potential side-effects and toxicity. Applying engineering approaches for targeting-capacity to deliver therapeutics to specific cells is desirable. Techniques with chemical modification in vitro and genetic engineering in cells have been reported to decorate exosomes with targeting ligands. RNA nanoparticles have been used to harbor tumor-specific ligands displayed on exosome surface. The negative charge reduces nonspecific binding to vital cells with negatively charged lipid-membrane due to the electrostatic repulsion, thus lowering the side-effect and toxicity. In this review, we focus on the uniqueness of RNA nanoparticles for exosome surface display of chemical ligands, small peptides or RNA aptamers, for specific cancer targeting to deliver anticancer therapeutics, highlighting recent advances in targeted delivery of siRNA and miRNA that overcomes the previous RNAi delivery roadblocks. Proper understanding of exosome engineering with RNA nanotechnology promises efficient therapies for a wide range of cancer subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasir Uddin
- Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine, Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- James Comprehensive Cancer Center, College of Medicine, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Daniel W. Binzel
- Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine, Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- James Comprehensive Cancer Center, College of Medicine, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Dan Shu
- Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine, Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- James Comprehensive Cancer Center, College of Medicine, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Tian-Min Fu
- Department of Biological Chemistry & Pharmacology, College of Medicine, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Peixuan Guo
- Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine, Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- James Comprehensive Cancer Center, College of Medicine, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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25
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Huang M, Xiang Y, Chen Y, Lu H, Zhang H, Liu F, Qin X, Qin X, Li X, Yang F. Bottom-Up Signal Boosting with Fractal Nanostructuring and Primer Exchange Reaction for Ultrasensitive Detection of Cancerous Exosomes. ACS Sens 2023; 8:1308-1317. [PMID: 36855267 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c02819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are emerging as promising biomarkers for cancer diagnosis, yet sensitive and accurate quantification of tumor-derived exosomes remains a challenge. Here, we report an ultrasensitive and specific exosome sensor (NPExo) that initially leverages hierarchical nanostructuring array and primer exchange reaction (PER) for quantitation of cancerous exosomes. This NPExo uses a high-curvature nanostructuring array (bottom) fabricated by single-step electrodeposition to enhance capturing of the target exosomes. The immuno-captured exosome thus provides abundant membrane sites to insert numerous cholesterol-DNA probes with a density much higher than that by immune pairing, which further allows PER-based DNA extension to assemble enzyme concatemers (up) for signal amplification. Such a bottom-up signal-boosting design imparts NPExo with ultrahigh sensitivity up to 75 particles/mL (i.e., <1 exosome per 10 μL) and a broad dynamic range spanning 6 orders of magnitude. Furthermore, our sensor allows monitoring subtle exosomal phenotypic transition and shows high accuracy in discrimination of liver cancer patients from healthy donors via blood samples, suggesting the great potential of NPExo as a promising tool in clinical diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minmin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Micro-Nanoscale Bioanalysis and Drug Screening of Guangxi Education Department, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules Research and Evaluation, Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Yuanhang Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Micro-Nanoscale Bioanalysis and Drug Screening of Guangxi Education Department, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules Research and Evaluation, Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Micro-Nanoscale Bioanalysis and Drug Screening of Guangxi Education Department, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules Research and Evaluation, Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Hao Lu
- Key Laboratory of Micro-Nanoscale Bioanalysis and Drug Screening of Guangxi Education Department, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules Research and Evaluation, Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Micro-Nanoscale Bioanalysis and Drug Screening of Guangxi Education Department, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules Research and Evaluation, Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Fengfei Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Xiaoling Qin
- Key Laboratory of Micro-Nanoscale Bioanalysis and Drug Screening of Guangxi Education Department, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules Research and Evaluation, Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Xiaojie Qin
- Key Laboratory of Micro-Nanoscale Bioanalysis and Drug Screening of Guangxi Education Department, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules Research and Evaluation, Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Xinchun Li
- Key Laboratory of Micro-Nanoscale Bioanalysis and Drug Screening of Guangxi Education Department, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules Research and Evaluation, Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Micro-Nanoscale Bioanalysis and Drug Screening of Guangxi Education Department, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules Research and Evaluation, Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
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26
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Hettiarachchi S, Cha H, Ouyang L, Mudugamuwa A, An H, Kijanka G, Kashaninejad N, Nguyen NT, Zhang J. Recent microfluidic advances in submicron to nanoparticle manipulation and separation. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:982-1010. [PMID: 36367456 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00793b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Manipulation and separation of submicron and nanoparticles are indispensable in many chemical, biological, medical, and environmental applications. Conventional technologies such as ultracentrifugation, ultrafiltration, size exclusion chromatography, precipitation and immunoaffinity capture are limited by high cost, low resolution, low purity or the risk of damage to biological particles. Microfluidics can accurately control fluid flow in channels with dimensions of tens of micrometres. Rapid microfluidics advancement has enabled precise sorting and isolating of nanoparticles with better resolution and efficiency than conventional technologies. This paper comprehensively studies the latest progress in microfluidic technology for submicron and nanoparticle manipulation. We first summarise the principles of the traditional techniques for manipulating nanoparticles. Following the classification of microfluidic techniques as active, passive, and hybrid approaches, we elaborate on the physics, device design, working mechanism and applications of each technique. We also compare the merits and demerits of different microfluidic techniques and benchmark them with conventional technologies. Concurrently, we summarise seven standard post-separation detection techniques for nanoparticles. Finally, we discuss current challenges and future perspectives on microfluidic technology for nanoparticle manipulation and separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samith Hettiarachchi
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia.
| | - Haotian Cha
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia.
| | - Lingxi Ouyang
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia.
| | | | - Hongjie An
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia.
| | - Gregor Kijanka
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia.
| | - Navid Kashaninejad
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia.
| | - Nam-Trung Nguyen
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia.
| | - Jun Zhang
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia.
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27
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Zhang B, Gong J, He L, Khan A, Xiong T, Shen H, Li Z. Exosomes based advancements for application in medical aesthetics. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1083640. [PMID: 36605254 PMCID: PMC9810265 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1083640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Beauty is an eternal pursuit of all people. Wound repair, anti-aging, inhibiting hyperpigmentation and hair loss are the main demands for medical aesthetics. At present, the repair and remodeling of human body shape and function in medical aesthetics are often achieved by injection of antioxidants, hyaluronic acid and botulinum toxin, stem cell therapy. However, there are some challenges, such as difficulty controlling the injection dose, abnormal local contour, increased foreign body sensation, and the risk of tumor occurrence and deformity induced by stem cell therapy. Exosomes are tiny vesicles secreted by cells, which are rich in proteins, nucleic acids and other bioactive molecules. They have the characteristics of low immunogenicity and strong tissue penetration, making them ideal for applications in medical aesthetics. However, their low yield, strong heterogeneity, and long-term preservation still hinder their application in medical aesthetics. In this review, we summarize the mechanism of action, administration methods, engineered production and preservation technologies for exosomes in medical aesthetics in recent years to further promote their research and industrialization in the field of medical aesthetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhang
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianmin Gong
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei He
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Adeel Khan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Biomedical Engineering Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tao Xiong
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Han Shen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiyang Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
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28
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Han Z, Peng X, Yang Y, Yi J, Zhao D, Bao Q, Long S, Yu SX, Xu XX, Liu B, Liu YJ, Shen Y, Qiao L. Integrated microfluidic-SERS for exosome biomarker profiling and osteosarcoma diagnosis. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 217:114709. [PMID: 36115123 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is one of the most frequent primary sarcoma of bone among adolescents. Early diagnosis of osteosarcoma is the key factor to achieve high survival rate of patients. Nevertheless, traditional histological biopsy is highly invasive and associated with the risk of arousing tumor spread. Herein, we develop a method integrating microfluidics and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) to isolate plasma-derived exosomes and profile multiple exosomal biomarkers for the diagnosis of osteosarcoma. The method showed highly efficient isolation of exosomes directly from human plasma and can profile exosomes based on protein biomarkers, with the detection limit down to 2 exosomes per μL. The whole assay can be performed in 5 h and only consumed 50 μL of plasma for one analysis. With the method, we analyzed the level of three protein biomarkers, i.e., CD63, vimentin (VIM) and epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM), on plasma-derived exosomes from 20 osteosarcoma patients and 20 heathy controls. Significantly higher levels of CD63, VIM and EpCAM were observed on plasma exosomes from the osteosarcoma patients compared to the healthy controls. Based on the level of the exosomal biomarkers, a classification model was built for the rapid diagnosis of osteosarcoma, with the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of 100%, 90% and 95%, respectively. The proposed method does not require complex operations nor expensive equipment, and has great promise in clinical diagnosis of cancer as a liquid biopsy technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Han
- Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200000, China; Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Xinyan Peng
- Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200000, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200000, China
| | - Jia Yi
- Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200000, China
| | - Dan Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200000, China
| | - Qiyuan Bao
- Department of Orthopedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200000, China
| | - Shuping Long
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sai-Xi Yu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism (Ministry of Science and Technology), Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Systems Biology for Medicine, Fudan University, China
| | - Xin-Xin Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism (Ministry of Science and Technology), Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Systems Biology for Medicine, Fudan University, China
| | - Baohong Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200000, China
| | - Yan-Jun Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism (Ministry of Science and Technology), Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Systems Biology for Medicine, Fudan University, China
| | - Yuhui Shen
- Department of Orthopedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200000, China
| | - Liang Qiao
- Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200000, China.
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29
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Jiawei S, Zhi C, Kewei T, Xiaoping L. Magnetic bead-based adsorption strategy for exosome isolation. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:942077. [PMID: 36051582 PMCID: PMC9424818 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.942077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes, one type of extracellular vesicle (EV) secreted by cells, participate in intercellular communication and other biological processes as carriers of lipids, functional proteins, mRNAs, miRNAs, lncRNAs, and DNA fragments. Their presence in biofluids makes them attractive candidates as innovative clinical diagnostic tools. However, the conventional isolation and analysis of high-purity exosomes in clinical application is challenging, with traditional methods facing a number of shortcomings, including low yield or purity, long periods of processing, high cost, and difficulties in standardization. In this study, we provide an overview of commonly used exosome isolation approaches with a focus on magnetic bead-based capture, an ideal methodology with high purity and integrality of exosomes. The current challenges on exosome isolation methods are also described to highlight areas for future research and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Jiawei
- Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chen Zhi
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tian Kewei
- Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Xiaoping
- Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren College, Hangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Li Xiaoping,
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30
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Theel EK, Schwaminger SP. Microfluidic Approaches for Affinity-Based Exosome Separation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169004. [PMID: 36012270 PMCID: PMC9409173 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As a subspecies of extracellular vesicles (EVs), exosomes have provided promising results in diagnostic and theranostic applications in recent years. The nanometer-sized exosomes can be extracted by liquid biopsy from almost all body fluids, making them especially suitable for mainly non-invasive point-of-care (POC) applications. To achieve this, exosomes must first be separated from the respective biofluid. Impurities with similar properties, heterogeneity of exosome characteristics, and time-related biofouling complicate the separation. This practical review presents the state-of-the-art methods available for the separation of exosomes. Furthermore, it is shown how new separation methods can be developed. A particular focus lies on the fabrication and design of microfluidic devices using highly selective affinity separation. Due to their compactness, quick analysis time and portable form factor, these microfluidic devices are particularly suitable to deliver fast and reliable results for POC applications. For these devices, new manufacturing methods (e.g., laminating, replica molding and 3D printing) that use low-cost materials and do not require clean rooms are presented. Additionally, special flow routes and patterns that increase contact surfaces, as well as residence time, and thus improve affinity purification are displayed. Finally, various analyses are shown that can be used to evaluate the separation results of a newly developed device. Overall, this review paper provides a toolbox for developing new microfluidic affinity devices for exosome separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eike K. Theel
- Bioseparation Engineering Group, School of Engineering and Design, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 15, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Sebastian P. Schwaminger
- Bioseparation Engineering Group, School of Engineering and Design, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 15, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Correspondence:
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31
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Rolling circle amplification assisted dual signal amplification colorimetric biosensor for ultrasensitive detection of leukemia-derived exosomes. Talanta 2022; 245:123444. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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32
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Bioprobes-regulated precision biosensing of exosomes: From the nanovesicle surface to the inside. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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33
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Zhang Y, Chen J, Yang H, Yin W, Li C, Xu Y, Liu SY, Dai Z, Zou X. Light-Controlled Recruitable Hybridization Chain Reaction on Exosome Vehicles for Highly Sensitive MicroRNA Imaging in Living Cells. Anal Chem 2022; 94:9665-9673. [PMID: 35758600 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c00974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Sensitive imaging of intracellular microRNA (miRNA) in living cells is of great significance. Isothermal hybridization chain reaction (HCR)-based methods, although have been widely used to monitor intracellular low-abundance miRNA, are still subjected to the challenges of limited signal amplification efficiency and compromised imaging resolution. In this work, we design a light-controlled recruitable HCR (LCR-HCR) strategy that enables us to well overcome these limitations. Exosomes as delivery and recruitment vehicles are modified with three cholesterol-modified hairpins (H1, H2, and H3), in which H1 is for anchoring target miRNA and H2 and H3 with photocleavable linkers (PC-linkers) are designed for spatiotemporal HCR. By controllably releasing probes with high local concentrations to efficiently trigger HCR and further recruiting the generated double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) polymers instead of dispersion in the cytoplasm, the LCR-HCR method can significantly improve the imaging contrast by confining all of the reactants on exosome vehicles. For a proof-of-concept demonstration, the miR-21 was analyzed by LCR-HCR with a limit of detection (LOD) down to 3.3 pM (corresponding to 165 amol per 50 μL) in vitro and four times higher response than traditional HCR in vivo. In general, the LCR-HCR method provides a powerful tool for sensitive miRNA imaging in living cells and cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfei Zhang
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Jun Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Huihui Yang
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Wen Yin
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Chunrong Li
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yuzhi Xu
- Scientific Research Center, Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Si-Yang Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instrument, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Zong Dai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instrument, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Xiaoyong Zou
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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34
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Zhang L, Yin W, Tong Y, Zhang Y, Xu Y, Liu SY, Dai Z, Zou X. Highly Efficient Isolation and Sensitive Detection of Small Extracellular Vesicles Using a Paper-Based Device. Anal Chem 2022; 94:10991-10999. [PMID: 35749725 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c01378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) play important roles in mediating intercellular communication and regulating biological processes. Facile sEV isolation is the essential and preliminary issue for their function investigation and downstream biomedical applications, while the traditional methods are challenged by tedious procedures, low purity, low yield, and potential damage. In this work, we developed an sEV isolation paper-based device (sEV-IsoPD) based on a three-dimensional (3D) paper chip, which is composed of a porous membrane for size exclusion and a metal-organic framework (MOF)/antibody-modified paper for immunoaffinity capture. In combination with a peristaltic pump-driven flow system, the sEV-IsoPD can efficiently isolate EV from cell culture medium and serum. Compared with the ultracentrifugation method, sEV-IsoPD exhibited a 5.1 times higher yield (1.7 × 109 mL-1), 1.6 times higher purity (1.6 × 1011 mg-1), and 7.5 times higher recovery (77.3%) with only 8.3% of the time (30 min) and 1.0% of the instrument cost ($710). Moreover, sEV concentration can be visually detected in a quantitative manner with this paper-based device with a linear range from 3.0 × 106 to 3.0 × 1010 mL-1 and a detection limit of 2.2 × 106 mL-1. The sEV-IsoPD provides an efficient and practical approach for the rapid isolation and visible detection of sEVs, which are promising for the preparation of sEVs and diagnosis of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lang Zhang
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Wen Yin
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yanli Tong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instrument, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China.,Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou 510317, China
| | - Yanfei Zhang
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yuzhi Xu
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Si-Yang Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instrument, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Zong Dai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instrument, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Xiaoyong Zou
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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35
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Carey TR, Kozminsky M, Hall J, Vargas-Zapata V, Geiger K, Coscoy L, Sohn LL. Detecting Intact Virus Using Exogenous Oligonucleotide Labels. Anal Chem 2022; 94:7619-7627. [PMID: 35584293 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c00835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has revealed how an emerging pathogen can cause a sudden and dramatic increase in demand for viral testing. Testing pooled samples could meet this demand; however, the sensitivity of reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), the gold standard, significantly decreases with an increasing number of samples pooled. Here, we introduce detection of intact virus by exogenous-nucleotide reaction (DIVER), a method that quantifies intact virus and is robust to sample dilution. As demonstrated using two models of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, DIVER first tags membraned particles with exogenous oligonucleotides, then captures the tagged particles on beads functionalized with a virus-specific capture agent (in this instance, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2), and finally quantifies the oligonucleotide tags using qPCR. Using spike-presenting liposomes and spike-pseudotyped lentivirus, we show that DIVER can detect 1 × 105 liposomes and 100 plaque-forming units of lentivirus and can successfully identify positive samples in pooling experiments. Overall, DIVER is well positioned for efficient sample pooling and clinical validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas R Carey
- UC Berkeley-UC San Francisco Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, 306 Stanley Hall, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Molly Kozminsky
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, 174 Stanley Hall, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Jennifer Hall
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Berkeley, 3200 Weill Hall, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Valerie Vargas-Zapata
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Berkeley, 3200 Weill Hall, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Kristina Geiger
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Berkeley, 3200 Weill Hall, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Laurent Coscoy
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Berkeley, 3200 Weill Hall, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Lydia L Sohn
- UC Berkeley-UC San Francisco Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, 306 Stanley Hall, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, 5118 Etcheverry Hall, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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36
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Aptamers as Recognition Elements for Electrochemical Detection of Exosomes. Chem Res Chin Univ 2022; 38:879-885. [PMID: 35578711 PMCID: PMC9094132 DOI: 10.1007/s40242-022-2088-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Exosome analysis is emerging as an attractive noninvasive approach for disease diagnosis and treatment monitoring in the field of liquid biopsy. Aptamer is considered as a promising molecular probe for exosomes detection because of the high binding affinity, remarkable specificity, and low cost. Recently, many approaches have been developed to further improve the performance of electrochemical aptamer based(E-AB) sensors with a lower limit of detection. In this review, we focus on the development of using aptamer as a specific recognition element for exosomes detection in electrochemical sensors. We first introduce recent advances in evolving aptamers against exosomes. Then, we review methods of immobilization aptamers on electrode surfaces, followed by a summary of the main strategies of signal amplification. Finally, we present the insights of the challenges and future directions of E-AB sensors for exosomes analysis.
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37
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Ding Z, Lu Y, Wei Y, Song D, Xu Z, Fang J. DNA-Engineered iron-based metal-organic framework bio-interface for rapid visual determination of exosomes. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 612:424-433. [PMID: 34999547 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.12.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a rapid, low-cost and facile method for detecting exosomes was developed by engineering DNA ligands on the surface of an iron-based metal-organic framework (Fe-MOF). Aptamers of exosomal transmembrane CD63 protein (CD63-aptamers) were utilized as both the optically active layer and the exosome-specific recognition element to engineer an Fe-MOF bio-interface for high-efficiency regulation of the catalytic behavior of Fe-MOF toward the chromogenic substrate. The effective enhancement of the intrinsic peroxidase-like catalytic activity was confirmed via the self-assembly of CD63-aptamers on the surface of Fe-MOF. The specific binding of exosomes with CD63-aptamers altered the conformation of DNA ligands on the surface of Fe-MOF, contributing to sensitive variation in Fe-MOF catalytic activity. This directly produced a distinct color change and enabled the visual detection of exosomes. Via one-step "mixing-and-detection", the Fe-MOF bio-interface exhibited excellent performance in quantitative analysis of exosomes derived from human breast cancer cell lines ranging from 1.1 × 105 to 2.2 × 107 particles/μL with a detection limit of 5.2 × 104 particles/μL. The expression of exosomal CD63 proteins originated from three types of cancer cell lines, including breast cancer, gastric cancer and lung cancer cell lines, was differentiated within only 17 min. Furthermore, the method was successfully applied to the identification of exosomes in serum samples, suggesting its potential in clinical analysis as a valuable tool for the rapid, convenient and economical testing of exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziling Ding
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Northeastern University, 110819 Shenyang, China
| | - Yanbing Lu
- Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, 110122 Shenyang, China
| | - Yunyun Wei
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Northeastern University, 110819 Shenyang, China
| | - Dan Song
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Northeastern University, 110819 Shenyang, China
| | - Zhangrun Xu
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Northeastern University, 110819 Shenyang, China.
| | - Jin Fang
- Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, 110122 Shenyang, China
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38
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Long J, Wang F, Zha G, Che K, Luo J, Deng Z. Colorimetric Aptasensor Based on Fe₃O₄-Cu 2+ Nanozyme with Intrinsic Peroxidase-Like Activity in the Detection of Breast Cancer Exosomes. J Biomed Nanotechnol 2022; 18:1084-1096. [PMID: 35854455 DOI: 10.1166/jbn.2022.3298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Because breast cancer cells such as MCF-7, exhibit vital and developmental signs by exosome secretion, diagnosing them in the blood can provide a good index of the presence of breast cancer. However, accurate and inexpensive detection of exosomes in clinical practice faces challenges. Therefore, in the presents study, an aptasensor based on CD63 aptameriron oxide-copper ion nanozymes (Fe₃O₄-Cu2+-NZs) was designed with the ability of the CD63 aptamer to interact with the exosome and the release of the Fe₃O₄-Cu2+-NZs for peroxidase-like activity on the tetramethylbenzidine (TMB). After fabrication of CD63 aptamer-Fe₃O₄-Cu2+-NZs based on hydrothermal method, their physicochemical properties were investigated with the SEM, TEM, DLS, Zeta, XRD and magnetization. To investigate the interaction of CD63 aptamer-Fe₃O₄-Cu2+-NZs with exosomes, the required exosomes were extracted from cultured MCF-7 cells. The performance of CD63 aptamer-Fe₃O₄-Cu2+-NZs on TMB degradation in the presence and absence of exosomes was investigated through UV-vis adsorption and ocular observations based on colour changes on laboratory and real samples. The results show that the absence of exosomes significantly inhibited the peroxidase-like activity of CD63 aptamer-Fe₃O₄-Cu2+-NZs due to the aptamer coating. Under optimal conditions, the designed CD63 aptamer-Fe₃O₄-Cu2+-NZs is capable of detecting exosomes in the range of 1.4 × 10⁴-5.6 × 105 particles/μL with a detection limit of 5.91 × 10³ particles/μL. Also, this method showed a satisfactory outcome in detection of cancer cells in real samples. Overall, this colorimetric aptasensor can be used to diagnose breast cancer cells based on a simple and inexpensive approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Long
- Department of Oncology, Fuzhou First People's Hospital, Fuzhou, 344000, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Oncology, Fuzhou First People's Hospital, Fuzhou, 344000, China
| | - Guohua Zha
- Department of Oncology, Fuzhou First People's Hospital, Fuzhou, 344000, China
| | - Kaijun Che
- Department of Oncology, Fuzhou First People's Hospital, Fuzhou, 344000, China
| | - Jingfang Luo
- Department of Oncology, Fuzhou First People's Hospital, Fuzhou, 344000, China
| | - Zhiqiang Deng
- Department of Oncology, Fuzhou First People's Hospital, Fuzhou, 344000, China
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39
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Dong Q, Jia X, Wang Y, Wang H, Liu Q, Li D, Wang J, Wang E. Sensitive and selective detection of Mucin1 in pancreatic cancer using hybridization chain reaction with the assistance of Fe 3O 4@polydopamine nanocomposites. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:94. [PMID: 35197099 PMCID: PMC8867748 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01289-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is characterized as the worst for diagnosis lacking symptoms at the early stage, which results in a low overall survival rate. The frequently used techniques for pancreatic cancer diagnosis rely on imaging and biopsy, which have limitations in requiring experienced personnel to operate the expensive instruments and analyze the results. Therefore, there is a high demand to develop alternative tools or methods to detect pancreatic cancer. Herein, we propose a new strategy to enhance the detection sensitivity of pancreatic cancer cells both in biofluids and on tissues by combining the unique property of dopamine coated Fe3O4 nanoparticles (Fe3O4@DOP NPs) to specifically quench and separate free 6-carboxyfluorescein (FAM) labeled DNA (H1-FAM/H2-FAM), and the key feature of hybridization chain reaction (HCR) amplification. We have determined the limit of detection (LOD) to be 21 ~ 41 cells/mL for three different pancreatic cancer cell lines. It was also discovered that the fluorescence intensity of pancreatic cancer cells was significantly higher than that of HPDE-C7 and HepG-2 cells (control cell lines), which express lower MUC1 protein. Moreover, the HCR amplification system was used to identify the cancer cells on pancreatic tissue, which indicated the versatility of our strategy in clinical application. Therefore, the presented detection strategy shows good sensitivity, specificity and has great potential for the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Dong
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, Jilin, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuna Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuling Wang
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, 2109, Australia
| | - Hao Wang
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, Jilin, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, Jilin, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-3400, USA.
| | - Erkang Wang
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, Jilin, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, Jilin, People's Republic of China
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40
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Translating cancer exosomes detection into the color change of phenol red based on target-responsive DNA microcapsules. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1192:339357. [PMID: 35057959 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.339357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence indicates that exosomes can be used as a potential biomarker for monitoring diseases, including cancer. However, enhancing the sensing performance in terms of convenience and sensitivity remains an urgent demand for exosomes detection. In this study, a pH-sensitive colorimetric biosensing strategy was developed for exosomes detection by integrating stimuli-responsive DNA microcapsules and acetylcholinesterase to produce acetic acid. The constructed DNA microcapsules consisted of DNA shells crosslinked by anti-CD63 aptamers and loaded with acetylcholinesterase. With exosomes addition, an energetically stabilized aptamer-CD63 compound was produced and microcapsules dissociated due to the reaction of surface protein CD63 of exosomes and aptamer of CD63, resulting in the release of encapsulated AChE. Through a simple centrifugation separation, unreacted DNA microcapsules were removed and the supernatant containing released acetylcholinesterase collected, which was then used for colorimetric exosomes detection through the ability of acetylcholinesterase to hydrolyze acetylcholine to release acetic acid. The resulting decreased solution pH was detected with phenol red indicator, with the sharp color transition conveniently by naked eye. Exosomes quantification was also achieved using the solution's absorption intensity ratio of 558 vs. 432 nm. The linear range was from 2.0 × 103 to 5.0 × 105 particles/μL, and the limit of detection and limit of quantification were 1.2 × 103 particles/μL and 2.2 × 103 particles/μL, respectively. In addition, this proposed strategy for exosomes detection showed a relative standard deviation of 3.1% and high recovery efficiency (>94%), exhibiting a bright application future in exsomes analysis.
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41
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Filipović L, Kojadinović M, Popović M. Exosomes and exosome-mimetics as targeted drug carriers: Where we stand and what the future holds? J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.103057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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42
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Su J, Chen S, Dou Y, Zhao Z, Jia X, Ding X, Song S. Smartphone-Based Electrochemical Biosensors for Directly Detecting Serum-Derived Exosomes and Monitoring Their Secretion. Anal Chem 2022; 94:3235-3244. [PMID: 35084842 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c04910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes are potential biomarkers, which play an important role in early diagnosis and prognosis prediction of cancer-related diseases. Nevertheless, direct quantification of exosomes in biological fluid, especially in point-of-care tests (POCTs), remains extremely challenging. Herein, we developed a sensitive and portable electrochemical biosensor in combination with smartphones for quantitative analysis of exosomes. The improved double-antibody sandwich method-based poly-enzyme signal amplification was adopted to detect exosomes. We could detect as low as 7.23 ng of CD63-positive exosomes in 5 μL of serum within 2 h. Importantly, we demonstrated that the biosensor worked well with microliter-level serum and cell culture supernatant. The biosensor holds great potential for the detection of CD-63-expressing exosomes in early diagnosis of prostate disease because CD63-positive exosomes were less detected from the prostate patient serum. Also, the biosensor was used to monitor the secretion of exosomes with the drug therapy, showing a close relationship between the secretion of exosomes and the concentration of cisplatin. The biosensing platform provides a novel way toward POCT for the diagnosis and prognosis prediction of prostate disease and other diseases via biomarker expression levels of exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Su
- Center for Research and Interdisciplinary, Zhangjiang Laboratory, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Institute for Personalized Medicine, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Shixing Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Yanzhi Dou
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Zhihan Zhao
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Xiaolong Jia
- Department of Urology, Ningbo First Hospital Ningbo, Hospital of Zhejiang University, 17 Ningbo, Ningbo 315010, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xianting Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Institute for Personalized Medicine, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Shiping Song
- Center for Research and Interdisciplinary, Zhangjiang Laboratory, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China.,Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
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43
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Xia Y, Chen T, Chen W, Chen G, Xu L, Zhang L, Zhang X, Sun W, Lan J, Lin X, Chen J. A dual-modal aptasensor based on a multifunctional acridone derivate for exosomes detection. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1191:339279. [PMID: 35033266 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.339279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes are promising biomarkers for cancer screening, but the development of a robust approach that can sensitively and accurately detect exosomes remains challenging. In the present study, an aptasensor based on the multifunctional signal probe 10-benzyl-2-amino-acridone (BAA) was developed for the colorimetric and photoelectrochemical detection and quantitation of exosomes. Exosomes are captured by cholesterol DNA anchor-modified magnetic beads (MBs) through hydrophobic interactions. This capture process can be monitored under a confocal fluorescence microscope using BAA as the fluorescent signal probe. The aptamer modified copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) then bind to mucin 1 (MUC1) on the surface of the exosomes to form a sandwich structure (MBs-Exo-CuO NPs). Finally, the MBs-Exo-CuO NPs are dissolved in nitric acid to generate Cu2+, which inhibits the visible-light-induced oxidase mimic activity and photoelectrochemical activity of BAA simultaneously. The changes in absorbance and photocurrent intensities are directly proportional to the concentration of exosomes. In this dual-modal aptasensor, the colorimetric assay can achieve rapid screening and identification, which is especially useful for point-of-care testing. The UV-vis absorbance and photocurrent assays then provide quantitative information, with a limit of detection of 1.09 × 103 particles μL-1 and 1.38 × 103 particles μL-1, respectively. The proposed aptasensor thus performs dual-modal detection and quantitation of exosomes. This aptasensor provides a much-needed toolset for exploring the biological roles of exosomes in specific diseases, particularly in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaokun Xia
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350108, PR China
| | - Tingting Chen
- The School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350108, PR China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional Research, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350108, PR China
| | - Wenqian Chen
- The School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350108, PR China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional Research, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350108, PR China
| | - Guanyu Chen
- The School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350108, PR China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional Research, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350108, PR China
| | - Lilan Xu
- The School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350108, PR China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional Research, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350108, PR China
| | - Li Zhang
- The School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350108, PR China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional Research, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350108, PR China
| | - Xiaoling Zhang
- The School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350108, PR China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional Research, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350108, PR China
| | - Weiming Sun
- The School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350108, PR China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional Research, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350108, PR China
| | - Jianming Lan
- The School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350108, PR China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional Research, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350108, PR China
| | - Xu Lin
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350108, PR China.
| | - Jinghua Chen
- The School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350108, PR China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional Research, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350108, PR China.
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44
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Fan W, Han P, Feng Q, Sun Y, Ren W, Lawson T, Liu C. Nucleic Acid Substrate-Independent DNA Polymerization on the Exosome Membrane: A Mechanism Study and Application in Exosome Analysis. Anal Chem 2022; 94:2172-2179. [PMID: 35044159 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c04636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
As generally acknowledged, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) can only elongate DNA substrates from their 3'-OH ends. Herein, for the first time, we report that TdT-catalyzed DNA polymerization can directly proceed on the exosome membrane without the mediation of any nucleic acids. We prove that both the glycosyl and phenolic hydroxyl groups on the membrane proteins can initiate the DNA polymerization. Accordingly, we have developed powerful strategies for high-sensitive exosome profiling based on a conventional flow cytometer and an emerging CRISPR/Cas system. By using our strategy, the featured membrane protein distributions of different cancer cell-derived exosomes can be figured out, which can clearly distinguish plasma samples of breast cancer patients from those of healthy people. This work paves new ways for exosome profiling and liquid biopsy and expands the understanding of TdT, holding great significance in developing TdT-based sensing systems as well as establishing protein/nucleic acid hybrid biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjiao Fan
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Xi'an 710119, Shaanxi Province, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an 710119, Shaanxi Province, P. R. China.,School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, Shaanxi Province, P. R. China
| | - Pihua Han
- Shaanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, P. R. China
| | - Qinya Feng
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Xi'an 710119, Shaanxi Province, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an 710119, Shaanxi Province, P. R. China.,School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, Shaanxi Province, P. R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Sun
- Department of Translational Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, P. R. China
| | - Wei Ren
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Xi'an 710119, Shaanxi Province, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an 710119, Shaanxi Province, P. R. China.,School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, Shaanxi Province, P. R. China
| | - Thomas Lawson
- ARC Center of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Chenghui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Xi'an 710119, Shaanxi Province, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an 710119, Shaanxi Province, P. R. China.,School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, Shaanxi Province, P. R. China
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45
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Applications of hybridization chain reaction optical detection incorporating nanomaterials: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1190:338930. [PMID: 34857127 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The development of powerful, simple and cost-effective signal amplifiers has significant implications for biological research and analysis. Hybridization chain reaction (HCR) has attracted increasing attention because of its enzyme-free, simple, and efficient amplification. In the HCR process, an initiator probe triggered a pair of metastable hairpins through a cross-opening process to propagate a chain reaction of hybridization events, yielding a long-nicked double-stranded nucleic acid structure. To achieve more noticeable signal amplification, nanomaterials, including graphene oxide, quantum dots, gold, silver, magnetic, and other nanoparticles, were integrated with HCR. Various types of colorimetric, fluorescence, plasmonic analyses or chemiluminescence optical sensing strategies incorporating nanomaterials have been developed to analyze various targets, such as nucleic acids, small biomolecules, proteins, and metal ions. This review summarized the recent advances of HCR technology pairing diverse nanomaterials in optical detection and discussed their challenges.
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46
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Li J, Xie S, Qu F, Tan W. Aptasensors for Cancerous Exosome Detection. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2504:3-20. [PMID: 35467275 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2341-1_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cancerous exosomes that carry multiple biomarkers are attractive targets for the early diagnosis and therapy of cancer. As one of the powerful molecular recognition tools, aptamers with excellent binding affinity and specificity toward biomarkers have been exploited to construct various aptamer-based biosensors (aptasensors) for exosome detection. Here, we review recent advances in aptasensors for the detection of cancerous exosomes. We first discuss the importance and potential of cancerous exosomes in cancer diagnosis and then summarize some conventional aptasensors from the perspective of biomarker recognition and signal collection strategies. Finally, we comment on the outlook for aptasensor research and new directions for cancerous exosome detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Li
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Sitao Xie
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fengli Qu
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Weihong Tan
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Molecular Medicine, Hunan University, Changsha, China.
- Institute of Molecular Medicine (IMM), Renji Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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47
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Recent Advances in Exosome Analysis Assisted by Functional Nucleic Acid-based Signal Amplification Technologies. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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48
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Ji Y, Kim D, Kim H, Han S, Lee JB. Construction of a two-dimensional DNA-RNA hybridized membrane for collecting tumor-derived exosomes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 58:266-269. [PMID: 34878445 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc05924f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Macroscopic nucleic acid-based structures have attracted much attention in biomedical fields. Here, we introduce a novel DNA-RNA hybridized membrane structure via enzymatic dual polymerization. The membrane exhibited enhanced rigidity and functionality. Encoded with an aptamer, the membrane showed great potential as a collecting platform of tumor-derived exosomes without additional labeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoonbin Ji
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Seoul, 163 Seoulsiripdaero, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02504, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dajeong Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Seoul, 163 Seoulsiripdaero, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02504, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyejin Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Seoul, 163 Seoulsiripdaero, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02504, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sangwoo Han
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Seoul, 163 Seoulsiripdaero, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02504, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jong Bum Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Seoul, 163 Seoulsiripdaero, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02504, Republic of Korea.
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49
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Hu S, Fang X, Liu G, Ma G, Ye F, Zhao S. A gas-pressure-assisted ratiometric atomic flame assay for the point-of-care testing of tumor-cell-derived exosomes. Analyst 2021; 147:48-54. [PMID: 34787607 DOI: 10.1039/d1an01825f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The multicolor-based point-of-care testing (POCT) of tumor cell-derived exosomes is of vital importance for understanding tumor growth and metastasis. Multicolor-based ratiometric signals most often rely on molecular optics, such as fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-dependent molecular fluorescence and localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR)-related molecular colorimetry. However, finding acceptable FRET donor-acceptor fluorophore pairs and the kinetically slow color responses during size-related molecular colorimetry have greatly impeded POCT applications. Herein, an atomic flame was used to develop a visual sensing platform for the POCT of tumor-cell-derived exosomes. In comparison with common molecular optics, the atomic flame possessed the advantages of providing both a variety of ratiometric flame signals and fast response sensitivity. The integration of a gas-pressure-assisted flame reaction and dual-aptamer recognition guaranteed the sensitive and selective analysis of exosomes with a low limit of detection (LOD) of 7.6 × 102 particles per mL. Such a novel optical signal will inspire the development of more user-friendly POCT approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengqiang Hu
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, P. R. China.
| | - Xueting Fang
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, P. R. China.
| | - Guijing Liu
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, P. R. China.
| | - Guixiang Ma
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, P. R. China.
| | - Fanggui Ye
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, P. R. China.
| | - Shulin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, P. R. China.
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50
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Ma X, Hao Y, Liu L. Progress in Nanomaterials-Based Optical and Electrochemical Methods for the Assays of Exosomes. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:7575-7608. [PMID: 34803380 PMCID: PMC8599324 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s333969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes with diameters of 30-150 nm are small membrane-bound vesicles secreted by a variety of cells. They play an important role in many biological processes, such as tumor-related immune response and intercellular signal transduction. Exosomes have been considered as emerging and noninvasive biomarkers for cancer diagnosis. Recently, a large number of optical and electrochemical biosensors have been proposed for sensitive detection of exosomes. To meet the increasing demands for ultrasensitive detection, nanomaterials have been integrated with various techniques as powerful components. Because of their intrinsic merits of biological compatibility, excellent physicochemical features and unique catalytic ability, nanomaterials have significantly improved the analytical performances of exosome biosensors. In this review, we summarized the recent progress in nanomaterials-based biosensors for the detection of cancer-derived exosomes, including fluorescence, colorimetry, surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy, surface enhanced Raman scattering spectroscopy, electrochemistry, electrochemiluminescence and so on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Ma
- Henan Key Laboratory of Biomolecular Recognition and Sensing, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, Henan, 476000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuanqiang Hao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Biomolecular Recognition and Sensing, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, Henan, 476000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lin Liu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Biomolecular Recognition and Sensing, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, Henan, 476000, People’s Republic of China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anyang Normal University, Anyang, Henan, 455000, People’s Republic of China
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