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Spitz S, Schobesberger S, Brandauer K, Ertl P. Sensor-integrated brain-on-a-chip platforms: Improving the predictive validity in neurodegenerative research. Bioeng Transl Med 2024; 9:e10604. [PMID: 38818126 PMCID: PMC11135156 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Affecting millions of individuals worldwide, neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) pose a significant and growing health concern in people over the age of 60 years. Contributing to this trend are the steady increase in the aging population coupled with a persistent lack of disease-altering treatment strategies targeting NDDs. The absence of efficient therapeutics can be attributed to high failure rates in clinical trials and the ineptness of animal models in preceding preclinical studies. To that end, in recent years, significant research effort has been dedicated to the development of human cell-based preclinical disease models characterized by a higher degree of predictive validity. However, a key requirement of any in vitro model constitutes the precise knowledge and replication of the target tissues' (patho-)physiological microenvironment. Herein, microphysiological systems have demonstrated superiority over conventional static 2D/3D in vitro cell culture systems, as they allow for the emulation and continuous monitoring of the onset, progression, and remission of disease-associated phenotypes. This review provides an overview of recent advances in the field of NDD research using organ-on-a-chip platforms. Specific focus is directed toward non-invasive sensing strategies encompassing electrical, electrochemical, and optical sensors. Additionally, promising on- and integrable off-chip sensing strategies targeting key analytes in NDDs will be presented and discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Spitz
- Faculty of Technical ChemistryVienna University of TechnologyViennaAustria
- Present address:
Department of Mechanical Engineering and Biological EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | | | | | - Peter Ertl
- Faculty of Technical ChemistryVienna University of TechnologyViennaAustria
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2
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Peng M, Jiang J, Chen S, Li K, Lin Y. Cu single-atom catalyst-based flexible hydrogen peroxide electrochemical sensor with oxygen resistance for monitoring ROS bursts. Analyst 2023; 148:5667-5672. [PMID: 37812430 DOI: 10.1039/d3an01464a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
The study of cellular responses linked to oxidative stress mechanisms is crucial in comprehending diverse physiological and pathological life processes, including mitochondrial dysfunction. Nonetheless, despite the interference of O2, the monitoring of ROS released from cells poses a challenging task. In this study, carbon-based copper single-atom catalysts (Cu SACs) were synthesized that exhibits excellent electrocatalytic performance for H2O2 reduction with an initial potential at 0.23 V and effectively avoids interference from O2. Based on this catalyst, a flexible and stretchable oxygen-tolerant sensor was constructed and applied to monitor the calcium ion-induced ROS burst in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in a simulated physiological condition. This study effectively eradicates interference that may arise from the reduction of O2 and presents a dependable platform for real-time in situ monitoring of physiologically active molecules by utilizing H2O2 detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meihong Peng
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Jing Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Shutong Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Kai Li
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Yuqing Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China.
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3
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Kim H, Kim EJ, Ngo HV, Nguyen HD, Park C, Choi KH, Park JB, Lee BJ. Cellular Efficacy of Fattigated Nanoparticles and Real-Time ROS Occurrence Using Microfluidic Hepatocarcinoma Chip System: Effect of Anticancer Drug Solubility and Shear Stress. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1330. [PMID: 37765137 PMCID: PMC10536289 DOI: 10.3390/ph16091330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of organ-on-chip system investigating simultaneous cellular efficacy and real-time reactive oxygen species (ROS) occurrence of anticancer drug-loaded nanoparticles (NPs) using hepatocarcinoma cells (HepG2) chip system under static and hepatomimicking shear stress conditions (5 dyne/cm2). Then, the role of hepatomimetic shear stress exposed to HepG2 and drug solubility were compared. The highly soluble doxorubicin (DOX) and poorly soluble paclitaxel (PTX) were chosen. Fattigated NPs (AONs) were formed via self-assembly of amphiphilic albumin (HSA)-oleic acid conjugate (AOC). Then, drug-loaded AONs (DOX-AON or PTX-AON) were exposed to a serum-free HepG2 medium at 37 °C and 5% carbon dioxide for 24 h using a real-time ROS sensor chip-based microfluidic system. The cellular efficacy and simultaneous ROS occurrence of free drugs and drug-loaded AONs were compared. The cellular efficacy of drug-loaded AONs varied in a dose-dependent manner and were consistently correlated with real-time of ROS occurrence. Drug-loaded AONs increased the intracellular fluorescence intensity and decreased the cellular efficacy compared to free drugs under dynamic conditions. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of free DOX (13.4 μg/mL) and PTX (54.44 μg/mL) under static conditions decreased to 11.79 and 38.43 μg/mL, respectively, under dynamic conditions. Furthermore, DOX- and PTX-AONs showed highly decreased IC50 values of 5.613 and 21.86 μg/mL, respectively, as compared to free drugs under dynamic conditions. It was evident that cellular efficacy and real-time ROS occurrence were well-correlated and highly dependent on the drug-loaded nanostructure, drug solubility and physiological shear stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoyoung Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea; (H.K.); (E.-J.K.); (H.V.N.); (H.D.N.)
| | - Eun-Ji Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea; (H.K.); (E.-J.K.); (H.V.N.); (H.D.N.)
| | - Hai V. Ngo
- College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea; (H.K.); (E.-J.K.); (H.V.N.); (H.D.N.)
| | - Hy D. Nguyen
- College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea; (H.K.); (E.-J.K.); (H.V.N.); (H.D.N.)
| | - Chulhun Park
- College of Pharmacy, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea;
| | - Kyung Hyun Choi
- Advanced Micro-Mechatronics Lab, Mechatronics Engineering, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea;
- BioSpero, Jeju 63309, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Bom Park
- College of Pharmacy, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, Republic of Korea;
| | - Beom-Jin Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea; (H.K.); (E.-J.K.); (H.V.N.); (H.D.N.)
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4
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Sabaté Del Río J, Ro J, Yoon H, Park TE, Cho YK. Integrated technologies for continuous monitoring of organs-on-chips: Current challenges and potential solutions. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 224:115057. [PMID: 36640548 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.115057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Organs-on-chips (OoCs) are biomimetic in vitro systems based on microfluidic cell cultures that recapitulate the in vivo physicochemical microenvironments and the physiologies and key functional units of specific human organs. These systems are versatile and can be customized to investigate organ-specific physiology, pathology, or pharmacology. They are more physiologically relevant than traditional two-dimensional cultures, can potentially replace the animal models or reduce the use of these models, and represent a unique opportunity for the development of personalized medicine when combined with human induced pluripotent stem cells. Continuous monitoring of important quality parameters of OoCs via a label-free, non-destructive, reliable, high-throughput, and multiplex method is critical for assessing the conditions of these systems and generating relevant analytical data; moreover, elaboration of quality predictive models is required for clinical trials of OoCs. Presently, these analytical data are obtained by manual or automatic sampling and analyzed using single-point, off-chip traditional methods. In this review, we describe recent efforts to integrate biosensing technologies into OoCs for monitoring the physiologies, functions, and physicochemical microenvironments of OoCs. Furthermore, we present potential alternative solutions to current challenges and future directions for the application of artificial intelligence in the development of OoCs and cyber-physical systems. These "smart" OoCs can learn and make autonomous decisions for process optimization, self-regulation, and data analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Sabaté Del Río
- Center for Soft and Living Matter, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jooyoung Ro
- Center for Soft and Living Matter, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Heejeong Yoon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Eun Park
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yoon-Kyoung Cho
- Center for Soft and Living Matter, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea.
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5
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Liu MM, Zhang FF, Liu H, Wu MJ, Liu ZJ, Huang PF. Cell viability and drug evaluation biosensing system based on disposable AuNPs/MWCNT nanocomposite modified screen-printed electrode for exocytosis dopamine detection. Talanta 2023; 254:124118. [PMID: 36470018 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.124118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Cell viability, as an important index to evaluate drug effects, usually was measured by tetrazolium colorimetric assay, playing a key role in drug development and drug screening. Tedious operating procedures, unsatisfactory sensitivity and abominable environments perplex researchers to acquire more detailed in vivo-relevant biological information. Herein, a simple and low-cost cell viability and drug evaluation biosensing system-based on multiwalled carbon nanotubes, gold nanoparticles and Nafion modified screen-printed electrode (SPE) biosensor was constructed for detection of dopamine (DA) released from living cells to evaluate cytotoxicity of antineoplastic drugs such as cisplatin and resveratrol. The biosensing system was demonstrated to display exceptional selectivity, excellent flexibility and good stability toward DA measurement in complex bio-samples. Additionally, the satisfactory recoveries of DA in real samples revealed the reliability and accuracy of the biosensing system in practical application. The IC50 curves respectively obtained by the biosensing system and tetrazolium colorimetric assay provided similar IC50 value but distinctly different dose-effect relationship, which confirmed the enormous potential of the biosensor in cell viability and described drug efficacy profiles in cell function. In short, the cell viability and drug evaluation system using SPE biosensor paves a new way in drug screening and pharmaceutical application to measure bioactive molecule such as DA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Meng Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
| | - Feng-Feng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Nano Biomedical Technology of Fujian Province, Faculty of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Mei-Juan Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
| | - Zhou-Jie Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China.
| | - Pin-Fang Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China.
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6
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Hernández-Rodríguez JF, López MÁ, Rojas D, Escarpa A. Digital manufacturing for accelerating organ-on-a-chip dissemination and electrochemical biosensing integration. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:4805-4821. [PMID: 36342332 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00499b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Organ on-a-chip (OoC) is a promising technology that aims to recapitulate human body pathophysiology in a more precise way to advance in drug development and complex disease understanding. However, the presence of OoC in biological laboratories is still limited and mainly restricted to laboratories with access to cleanroom facilities. Besides, the current analytical methods employed to extract information from the organ models are endpoint and post facto assays which makes it difficult to ensure that during the biological experiment the cell microenvironment, cellular functionality and behaviour are controlled. Hence, the integration of real-time biosensors is highly needed and requested by the OoC end-user community to provide insight into organ function and responses to stimuli. In this context, electrochemical sensors stand out due to their advantageous features like miniaturization capabilities, ease of use, automatization and high sensitivity and selectivity. Electrochemical sensors have been already successfully miniaturized and employed in other fields such as wearables and point-of-care devices. We have identified that the explanation for this issue may be, to a large extent, the accessibility to microfabrication technologies. These fields employ preferably digital manufacturing (DM), which is a more accessible microfabrication approach regardless of funding and facilities. Therefore, we envision that a paradigm shift in microfabrication that adopts DM instead of the dominating soft lithography for the in-lab microfabrication of OoC devices will contribute to the dissemination of the field and integration of the promising real-time sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan F Hernández-Rodríguez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Miguel Ángel López
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain.
- Chemical Engineering and Chemical Research Institute "Andres M. Del Río", University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Rojas
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Alberto Escarpa
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain.
- Chemical Engineering and Chemical Research Institute "Andres M. Del Río", University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
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7
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Jaugstetter M, Blanc N, Kratz M, Tschulik K. Electrochemistry under confinement. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:2491-2543. [PMID: 35274639 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00789k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Although the term 'confinement' regularly appears in electrochemical literature, elevated by continuous progression in the research of nanomaterials and nanostructures, up until today the various aspects of confinement considered in electrochemistry are rather scattered individual contributions outside the established disciplines in this field. Thanks to a number of highly original publications and the growing appreciation of confinement as an overarching link between different exciting new research strategies, 'electrochemistry under confinement' is the process of forming a research discipline of its own. To aid the development a coherent terminology and joint basic concepts, as crucial factors for this transformation, this review provides an overview on the different effects on electrochemical processes known to date that can be caused by confinement. It also suggests where boundaries to other effects, such as nano-effects could be drawn. To conceptualize the vast amount of research activities revolving around the main concepts of confinement, we define six types of confinement and select two of them to discuss the state of the art and anticipated future developments in more detail. The first type concerns nanochannel environments and their applications for electrodeposition and for electrochemical sensing. The second type covers the rather newly emerging field of colloidal single entity confinement in electrochemistry. In these contexts, we will for instance address the influence of confinement on the mass transport and electric field distributions and will link the associated changes in local species concentration or in the local driving force to altered reaction kinetics and product selectivity. Highlighting pioneering works and exciting recent developments, this educational review does not only aim at surveying and categorizing the state-of-the-art, but seeks to specifically point out future perspectives in the field of confinement-controlled electrochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Jaugstetter
- Analytical Chemistry II, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
| | - Niclas Blanc
- Analytical Chemistry II, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
| | - Markus Kratz
- Analytical Chemistry II, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
| | - Kristina Tschulik
- Analytical Chemistry II, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
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8
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Rojas D, Hernández-Rodríguez JF, Della Pelle F, Escarpa A, Compagnone D. New trends in enzyme-free electrochemical sensing of ROS/RNS. Application to live cell analysis. Mikrochim Acta 2022; 189:102. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-022-05185-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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9
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Fuchs S, Johansson S, Tjell AØ, Werr G, Mayr T, Tenje M. In-Line Analysis of Organ-on-Chip Systems with Sensors: Integration, Fabrication, Challenges, and Potential. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:2926-2948. [PMID: 34133114 PMCID: PMC8278381 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c01110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Organ-on-chip systems are promising new in vitro research tools in medical, pharmaceutical, and biological research. Their main benefit, compared to standard cell culture platforms, lies in the improved in vivo resemblance of the cell culture environment. A critical aspect of these systems is the ability to monitor both the cell culture conditions and biological responses of the cultured cells, such as proliferation and differentiation rates, release of signaling molecules, and metabolic activity. Today, this is mostly done using microscopy techniques and off-chip analytical techniques and assays. Integrating in situ analysis methods on-chip enables improved time resolution, continuous measurements, and a faster read-out; hence, more information can be obtained from the developed organ and disease models. Integrated electrical, electrochemical, and optical sensors have been developed and used for chemical analysis in lab-on-a-chip systems for many years, and recently some of these sensing principles have started to find use in organ-on-chip systems as well. This perspective review describes the basic sensing principles, sensor fabrication, and sensor integration in organ-on-chip systems. The review also presents the current state of the art of integrated sensors and discusses future potential. We bring a technological perspective, with the aim of introducing in-line sensing and its promise to advance organ-on-chip systems and the challenges that lie in the integration to researchers without expertise in sensor technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Fuchs
- Institute
for Analytical Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Sofia Johansson
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 35, 751 03 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anders Ø. Tjell
- Institute
for Analytical Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Gabriel Werr
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 35, 751 03 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Torsten Mayr
- Institute
for Analytical Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Maria Tenje
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 35, 751 03 Uppsala, Sweden
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10
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Rojas D, Hernández-Rodríguez JF, Della Pelle F, Del Carlo M, Compagnone D, Escarpa A. Oxidative stress on-chip: Prussian blue-based electrode array for in situ detection of H2O2 from cell populations. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 170:112669. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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11
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Hellmann A, Daboss S, Zink F, Hartmann C, Radermacher P, Kranz C. Electrocatalytically modified microelectrodes for the detection of hydrogen peroxide at blood cells from swine with induced trauma. Electrochim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.136458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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12
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Spychalska K, Zając D, Baluta S, Halicka K, Cabaj J. Functional Polymers Structures for (Bio)Sensing Application-A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1154. [PMID: 32443618 PMCID: PMC7285029 DOI: 10.3390/polym12051154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review we present polymeric materials for (bio)sensor technology development. We focused on conductive polymers (conjugated microporous polymer, polymer gels), composites, molecularly imprinted polymers and their influence on the design and fabrication of bio(sensors), which in the future could act as lab-on-a-chip (LOC) devices. LOC instruments enable us to perform a wide range of analysis away from the stationary laboratory. Characterized polymeric species represent promising candidates in biosensor or sensor technology for LOC development, not only for manufacturing these devices, but also as a surface for biologically active materials' immobilization. The presence of biological compounds can improve the sensitivity and selectivity of analytical tools, which in the case of medical diagnostics is extremely important. The described materials are biocompatible, cost-effective, flexible and are an excellent platform for the anchoring of specific compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Joanna Cabaj
- Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, 50-137 Wrocław, Poland; (K.S.); (D.Z.); (S.B.); (K.H.)
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Perrodin P, Sella C, Thouin L. Electrochemical Generation of Steady-State Linear Concentration Gradients within Microfluidic Channels Perpendicular to the Flow Field. Anal Chem 2020; 92:7699-7707. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c00645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Perrodin
- PASTEUR, Département de Chimie, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Sella
- PASTEUR, Département de Chimie, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Laurent Thouin
- PASTEUR, Département de Chimie, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005, Paris, France
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14
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Sassa F, Biswas GC, Suzuki H. Microfabricated electrochemical sensing devices. LAB ON A CHIP 2020; 20:1358-1389. [PMID: 32129358 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc01112a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemistry provides possibilities to realize smart microdevices of the next generation with high functionalities. Electrodes, which constitute major components of electrochemical devices, can be formed by various microfabrication techniques, and integration of the same (or different) components for that purpose is not difficult. Merging this technique with microfluidics can further expand the areas of application of the resultant devices. To augment the development of next generation devices, it will be beneficial to review recent technological trends in this field and clarify the directions required for moving forward. Even when limiting the discussion to electrochemical microdevices, a variety of useful techniques should be considered. Therefore, in this review, we attempted to provide an overview of all relevant techniques in this context in the hope that it can provide useful comprehensive information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumihiro Sassa
- Graduate School of Information Science and Electrical Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
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15
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Tadini-Buoninsegni F, Palchetti I. Label-Free Bioelectrochemical Methods for Evaluation of Anticancer Drug Effects at a Molecular Level. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20071812. [PMID: 32218227 PMCID: PMC7181070 DOI: 10.3390/s20071812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a multifactorial family of diseases that is still a leading cause of death worldwide. More than 100 different types of cancer affecting over 60 human organs are known. Chemotherapy plays a central role for treating cancer. The development of new anticancer drugs or new uses for existing drugs is an exciting and increasing research area. This is particularly important since drug resistance and side effects can limit the efficacy of the chemotherapy. Thus, there is a need for multiplexed, cost-effective, rapid, and novel screening methods that can help to elucidate the mechanism of the action of anticancer drugs and the identification of novel drug candidates. This review focuses on different label-free bioelectrochemical approaches, in particular, impedance-based methods, the solid supported membranes technique, and the DNA-based electrochemical sensor, that can be used to evaluate the effects of anticancer drugs on nucleic acids, membrane transporters, and living cells. Some relevant examples of anticancer drug interactions are presented which demonstrate the usefulness of such methods for the characterization of the mechanism of action of anticancer drugs that are targeted against various biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ilaria Palchetti
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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16
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Dervisevic E, Tuck KL, Voelcker NH, Cadarso VJ. Recent Progress in Lab-On-a-Chip Systems for the Monitoring of Metabolites for Mammalian and Microbial Cell Research. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 19:E5027. [PMID: 31752167 PMCID: PMC6891382 DOI: 10.3390/s19225027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Lab-on-a-chip sensing technologies have changed how cell biology research is conducted. This review summarises the progress in the lab-on-a-chip devices implemented for the detection of cellular metabolites. The review is divided into two subsections according to the methods used for the metabolite detection. Each section includes a table which summarises the relevant literature and also elaborates the advantages of, and the challenges faced with that particular method. The review continues with a section discussing the achievements attained due to using lab-on-a-chip devices within the specific context. Finally, a concluding section summarises what is to be resolved and discusses the future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esma Dervisevic
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia;
| | - Kellie L. Tuck
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia;
| | - Nicolas H. Voelcker
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (MIPS), Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia;
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
- The Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication, Australian National Fabrication Facility-Victorian Node, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Victor J. Cadarso
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia;
- The Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication, Australian National Fabrication Facility-Victorian Node, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
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17
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Abadie T, Sella C, Perrodin P, Thouin L. Electrochemical Generation and Detection of Transient Concentration Gradients in Microfluidic Channels. Theoretical and Experimental Investigations. Front Chem 2019; 7:704. [PMID: 31709233 PMCID: PMC6822297 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Transient concentration gradients generated and detected electrochemically in continuous flow microchannels were investigated by numerical simulations and amperometric measurements. Operating conditions including device geometry and hydrodynamic regime were theoretically delineated for producing gradients of various profiles with tunable characteristics. Experiments were carried out with microfluidic devices incorporating a dual-channel-electrode configuration. Under these conditions, high electrochemical performance was achieved both to generate concentration gradients and to monitor their dynamics along linear microchannels. Good agreement was observed between simulated and experimental data validating predictions between gradient properties and generation conditions. These results demonstrated the capability of electrochemical microdevices to produce in situ tunable concentration gradients with real-time monitoring. This approach is versatile for the active control in microfluidics of microenvironments or chemical gradients with high spatiotemporal resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Laurent Thouin
- PASTEUR, Département de chimie, École normale supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Paris, France
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18
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Bettazzi F, Palchetti I. Nanotoxicity assessment: A challenging application for cutting edge electroanalytical tools. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1072:61-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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19
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Shi J, Tong L, Tong W, Chen H, Lan M, Sun X, Zhu Y. Current progress in long-term and continuous cell metabolite detection using microfluidics. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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20
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Electrochemical monitoring of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species and redox balance in living cells. Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 411:4365-4374. [PMID: 31011787 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-01734-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) in cells and cell redox balance are of great interest in live cells as they are correlated to several pathological and physiological conditions of living cells. ROS and RNS detection is limited due to their spatially restricted abundance: they are usually located in sub-cellular areas (e.g., in specific organelles) at low concentration. In this work, we will review and highlight the electrochemical approach to this bio-analytical issue. Combining electrochemical methods and miniaturization strategies, specific, highly sensitive, time, and spatially resolved measurements of cellular oxidative stress and redox balance analysis are possible. Graphical abstract In this work, we highlight and review the use of electrochemistry for the highly spatial and temporal resolved detection of ROS/RNS levels and of redox balance in living cells. These levels are central in several pathological and physiological conditions and the electrochemical approach is a vibrant bio-analytical trend in this field.
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21
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Malferrari M, Ghelli A, Roggiani F, Valenti G, Paolucci F, Rugolo M, Rapino S. Reactive Oxygen Species Produced by Mutated Mitochondrial Respiratory Chains of Entire Cells Monitored Using Modified Microelectrodes. ChemElectroChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201801424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Malferrari
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”University of Bologna Via F. Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Anna Ghelli
- Department of Pharmacy and BiotechnologiesUniversity of Bologna Via F. Selmi 3 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Francesco Roggiani
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”University of Bologna Via F. Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Giovanni Valenti
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”University of Bologna Via F. Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Francesco Paolucci
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”University of Bologna Via F. Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Michela Rugolo
- Department of Pharmacy and BiotechnologiesUniversity of Bologna Via F. Selmi 3 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Stefania Rapino
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”University of Bologna Via F. Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
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22
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Siegel JM, Schilly KM, Wijesinghe MB, Caruso G, Fresta CG, Lunte SM. Optimization of a microchip electrophoresis method with electrochemical detection for the determination of nitrite in macrophage cells as an indicator of nitric oxide production. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2019; 11:148-156. [PMID: 31579404 PMCID: PMC6774641 DOI: 10.1039/c8ay02014k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is involved in many biological functions, including blood pressure regulation, the immune response, and neurotransmission. However, excess production of NO can lead to the generation of reactive nitrogen species and nitrosative stress and has been linked to several neurodegenerative diseases and cardiovascular disorders. Because NO is short-lived and generally difficult to detect, its primary stable degradation product, nitrite, is frequently monitored in its place. In this paper, an improved method using microchip electrophoresis with electrochemical detection (ME-EC) was developed for the separation and detection of nitrite in cell lysates. A separation of nitrite from several electroactive cell constituents and interferences was optimized, and the effect of sample and buffer conductivity on peak efficiency was explored. It was found that the addition of 10 mM NaCl to the run buffer caused stacking of the nitrite peak and improved limits of detection. A platinum black working electrode was also evaluated for the detection of nitrite and other electroactive cellular species after electrophoretic separation. The use of a modified platinum working electrode resulted in 2.5-, 1.7-, and 7.2-fold signal enhancement for nitrite, ascorbic acid, and hydrogen peroxide, respectively, and increased the sensitivity of the method for nitrite twofold. The optimized ME-EC method was used to compare nitrite production by native and lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M. Siegel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
- Ralph N. Adams Institute for Bioanalytical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Kelci M. Schilly
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
- Ralph N. Adams Institute for Bioanalytical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Manjula B. Wijesinghe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
- Ralph N. Adams Institute for Bioanalytical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Giuseppe Caruso
- Ralph N. Adams Institute for Bioanalytical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
- Current address: Oasi Research Institute - IRCCS, Troina 94018, Italy
| | - Claudia G. Fresta
- Ralph N. Adams Institute for Bioanalytical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Susan M. Lunte
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
- Ralph N. Adams Institute for Bioanalytical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
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