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Ahangar P, Li J, Nkindi LS, Mohammadrezaee Z, Cooke ME, Martineau PA, Weber MH, Saade E, Nateghi N, Rosenzweig DH. A Nanoporous 3D-Printed Scaffold for Local Antibiotic Delivery. MICROMACHINES 2023; 15:83. [PMID: 38258202 PMCID: PMC10819679 DOI: 10.3390/mi15010083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Limitations of bone defect reconstruction include poor bone healing and osteointegration with acrylic cements, lack of strength with bone putty/paste, and poor osteointegration. Tissue engineering aims to bridge these gaps through the use of bioactive implants. However, there is often a risk of infection and biofilm formation associated with orthopedic implants, which may develop anti-microbial resistance. To promote bone repair while also locally delivering therapeutics, 3D-printed implants serve as a suitable alternative. Soft, nanoporous 3D-printed filaments made from a thermoplastic polyurethane and polyvinyl alcohol blend, LAY-FOMM and LAY-FELT, have shown promise for drug delivery and orthopedic applications. Here, we compare 3D printability and sustained antibiotic release kinetics from two types of commercial 3D-printed porous filaments suitable for bone tissue engineering applications. We found that both LAY-FOMM and LAY-FELT could be consistently printed into scaffolds for drug delivery. Further, the materials could sustainably release Tetracycline over 3 days, independent of material type and infill geometry. The drug-loaded materials did not show any cytotoxicity when cultured with primary human fibroblasts. We conclude that both LAY-FOMM and LAY-FELT 3D-printed scaffolds are suitable devices for local antibiotic delivery applications, and they may have potential applications to prophylactically reduce infections in orthopedic reconstruction surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pouyan Ahangar
- Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1A4, Canada; (P.A.); (M.E.C.); (P.A.M.); (M.H.W.)
| | - Jialiang Li
- Department of Science, TAV College, Montreal, QC H3W 3E1, Canada; (J.L.); (L.S.N.); (Z.M.); (E.S.); (N.N.)
| | - Leslie S. Nkindi
- Department of Science, TAV College, Montreal, QC H3W 3E1, Canada; (J.L.); (L.S.N.); (Z.M.); (E.S.); (N.N.)
| | - Zohreh Mohammadrezaee
- Department of Science, TAV College, Montreal, QC H3W 3E1, Canada; (J.L.); (L.S.N.); (Z.M.); (E.S.); (N.N.)
| | - Megan E. Cooke
- Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1A4, Canada; (P.A.); (M.E.C.); (P.A.M.); (M.H.W.)
| | - Paul A. Martineau
- Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1A4, Canada; (P.A.); (M.E.C.); (P.A.M.); (M.H.W.)
| | - Michael H. Weber
- Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1A4, Canada; (P.A.); (M.E.C.); (P.A.M.); (M.H.W.)
| | - Elie Saade
- Department of Science, TAV College, Montreal, QC H3W 3E1, Canada; (J.L.); (L.S.N.); (Z.M.); (E.S.); (N.N.)
| | - Nima Nateghi
- Department of Science, TAV College, Montreal, QC H3W 3E1, Canada; (J.L.); (L.S.N.); (Z.M.); (E.S.); (N.N.)
| | - Derek H. Rosenzweig
- Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1A4, Canada; (P.A.); (M.E.C.); (P.A.M.); (M.H.W.)
- Injury, Repair and Recovery Program, Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H3G 1A4, Canada
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2
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Roy Barman S, Gavit P, Chowdhury S, Chatterjee K, Nain A. 3D-Printed Materials for Wastewater Treatment. JACS AU 2023; 3:2930-2947. [PMID: 38034974 PMCID: PMC10685417 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
The increasing levels of water pollution pose an imminent threat to human health and the environment. Current modalities of wastewater treatment necessitate expensive instrumentation and generate large amounts of waste, thus failing to provide ecofriendly and sustainable solutions for water purification. Over the years, novel additive manufacturing technology, also known as three-dimensional (3D) printing, has propelled remarkable innovation in different disciplines owing to its capability to fabricate customized geometric objects rapidly and cost-effectively with minimal byproducts and hence undoubtedly emerged as a promising alternative for wastewater treatment. Especially in membrane technology, 3D printing enables the designing of ultrathin membranes and membrane modules layer-by-layer with different morphologies, complex hierarchical structures, and a wide variety of materials otherwise unmet using conventional fabrication strategies. Extensive research has been dedicated to preparing membrane spacers with excellent surface properties, potentially improving the membrane filtration performance for water remediation. The revolutionary developments in membrane module fabrication have driven the utilization of 3D printing approaches toward manufacturing advanced membrane components, including biocarriers, sorbents, catalysts, and even whole membranes. This perspective highlights recent advances and essential outcomes in 3D printing technologies for wastewater treatment. First, different 3D printing techniques, such as material extrusion, selective laser sintering (SLS), and vat photopolymerization, emphasizing membrane fabrication, are briefly discussed. Importantly, in this Perspective, we focus on the unique 3D-printed membrane modules, namely, feed spacers, biocarriers, sorbents, and so on. The unparalleled advantages of 3D printed membrane components in surface area, geometry, and thickness and their influence on antifouling, removal efficiency, and overall membrane performance are underlined. Moreover, the salient applications of 3D printing technologies for water desalination, oil-water separation, heavy metal and organic pollutant removal, and nuclear decontamination are also outlined. This Perspective summarizes the recent works, current limitations, and future outlook of 3D-printed membrane technologies for wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snigdha Roy Barman
- Department
of Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka 560012, India
| | - Pratik Gavit
- Department
of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute
of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka 560012, India
| | - Saswat Chowdhury
- Department
of Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka 560012, India
| | - Kaushik Chatterjee
- Department
of Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka 560012, India
- Department
of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute
of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka 560012, India
| | - Amit Nain
- Department
of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute
of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka 560012, India
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3
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Zhang J, Wang D, Li Y, Liu L, Liang Y, He B, Hu L, Jiang G. Application of three-dimensional printing technology in environmental analysis: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1281:341742. [PMID: 38783729 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The development of environmental analysis devices with high performance is essential to assess the potential risks of environmental pollutants. However, it is still challenging to develop environmental analysis equipment with miniaturization, portability, and high sensitivity based on traditional processing techniques. In recent years, the popularity of 3D printing technology (3DP) with high precision, low cost, and unlimited design freedom has provided opportunities to solve the existing challenges of environmental analysis. 3D printing has brought solutions to promote the high performance and versatility of environmental analysis equipment by optimizing printing materials, enhancing equipment structure, and integrating multidisciplinary technology. In this paper, we comprehensively review the latest progress in 3D printing in various aspects of environmental analysis procedures, including but not limited to sample collection, pretreatment, separation, and detection. We highlight their advantages and challenges in determining various environmental contaminants through passive sampling, solid-phase extraction, chromatographic separation, and mass spectrometry detection. The manufacturing of 3D-printed environmental analysis devices is also discussed. Finally, we look forward to their development prospects and challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junpeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Dingyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Yingying Li
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Lihong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Yong Liang
- Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
| | - Bin He
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Ligang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310000, China; Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China.
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310000, China
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4
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Zhu N, Wu Z, He M, Chen B, Hu B. 3D printed stir bar sorptive extraction coupled with high performance liquid chromatography for trace estrogens analysis in environmental water samples. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1281:341904. [PMID: 38783742 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Any imaginary shape with good preparation reproducibility can be made by 3D printing technology, and it has been applied in various fields. Comparatively, its applications in sample pre-treatment are relatively less, most of which involves making extraction sorbents and producing non-functionalized devices for support assistance. 3D printing has not been applied to fabricate stir bars in stir bar sorptive extraction, mainly due to the lacking of suitable printing feedstocks. This work aimed to fabricate stir bars by 3D printing, reducing the manufacturing cost and steps and improving preparation reproducibility. (90) RESULTS: By using fused deposition modeling technique and porous filament printing feedstock, stir bars were fabricated without any modifications. Adsorption performance of 3D printed stir bars were investigated for substances with different structures and polarities. Five estrogens with adsorption efficiencies of over 80 % were selected as the representatives. The 3D printed stir bars exhibited good preparation reproducibility (2.9-4.4 %) and higher extraction recoveries (73-81 %) for five estrogens than commercial polydimethylsiloxane coated stir bars (13-69 %) in a shorter time (90 vs 120 min). They showed long lifespan (160 times) with good mechanical properties and merited reduced manufacturing cost (0.064 $ per bar) and manual operation. A method of stir bar sorptive extraction coupled with high performance liquid chromatography was proposed for trace analysis of estrogens in environmental water. Under the optimized conditions, the linear ranges for estrogens were 0.5-200 μg/L with LODs of 0.13-0.17 μg/L. (136) SIGNIFICANCE: The feasibility of fused deposition modeling in stir bar fabrication was demonstrated, along with the potential of porous filament printing feedstock as the sorbent for substances with medium polarity. 3D printed stir bars were featured with excellent preparation reproducibility, long lifespan, and good mechanical properties. The stir bar fabrication method can be used for mass production with minimal differences in products performance. (62).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Zhekuan Wu
- Tobacco Research Institute of Hubei Province, Hubei Tobacco Company, Wuhan, 430040, China
| | - Man He
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Beibei Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Bin Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.
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5
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Wu CY, Su YT, Su CK. 4D-printed needle panel meters coupled with enzymatic derivatization for reading urea and glucose concentrations in biological samples. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 237:115500. [PMID: 37390641 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
On-site analytical techniques continue being developed with advances in modern technology. To demonstrate the applicability of four-dimensional printing (4DP) technologies in the direct fabrication of stimuli-responsive analytical devices for on-site determination of urea and glucose, we used digital light processing three-dimensional printing (3DP) and 2-carboxyethyl acrylate (CEA)-incorporated photocurable resins to fabricate all-in-one needle panel meters. When adding a sample having a value of pH above the pKa of CEA (ca. 4.6-5.0) into the fabricated needle panel meter, the [H+]-responsive layer of the needle, printed using the CEA-incorporated photocurable resins, swelled as a result of electrostatic repulsion among the dissociated carboxyl groups of the copolymer, leading to [H+]-dependent bending of the needle. When coupled with a derivatization reaction (urease-mediated hydrolysis of urea to decrease [H+]; glucose oxidase-mediated oxidization of glucose to increase [H+]), the bending of the needle allowed reliable quantification of urea or glucose when referencing pre-calibrated concentration scales. After method optimization, the method's detection limits for urea and glucose were 4.9 and 7.0 μM, respectively, within a working concentration range from 0.1 to 10 mM. We verified the reliability of this analytical method by determining the concentrations of urea and glucose in samples of human urine, fetal bovine serum, and rat plasma with spike analyses and comparing the results with those obtained using commercial assay kits. Our results confirm that 4DP technologies can allow the direct fabrication of stimuli-responsive devices for quantitative chemical analysis, and that they can advance the development and applicability of 3DP-enabling analytical methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yi Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, 402, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi-Ting Su
- Department of Chemistry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, 402, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Cheng-Kuan Su
- Department of Chemistry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, 402, Taiwan, ROC.
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6
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Balhaddad AA, Garcia IM, Mokeem L, Alsahafi R, Majeed-Saidan A, Albagami HH, Khan AS, Ahmad S, Collares FM, Della Bona A, Melo MAS. Three-dimensional (3D) printing in dental practice: Applications, areas of interest, and level of evidence. Clin Oral Investig 2023:10.1007/s00784-023-04983-7. [PMID: 37017759 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-04983-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this review to overview three-dimensional (3D) printing technologies available for different dental disciplines, considering the applicability of such technologies and materials development. MATERIALS AND METHODS Source Arksey and O'Malley's five stages framework using PubMed, EMBASE, and Scopus (Elsevier) databases managed this review. Papers focusing on 3D printing in dentistry and written in English were screened. Scientific productivity by the number of publications, areas of interest, and the focus of the investigations in each dental discipline were extracted. RESULTS Nine hundred thirty-four studies using 3D printing in dentistry were assessed. Limited clinical trials were observed, especially in Restorative, endodontics, and pediatric dentistry. Laboratory or animal studies are not reliable for clinical success, suggesting that clinical trials are a good approach to validate the new methods' outcomes and ensure that the benefits outweigh the risk. The most common application for 3D printing technologies is to facilitate conventional dental procedures. CONCLUSIONS The constantly improving quality of 3D printing applications has contributed to increasing the popularity of these technologies in dentistry; however, long-term clinical studies are necessary to assist in defining standards and endorsing the safe application of 3D printing in dental practice. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The recent progress in 3D materials has improved dental practice capabilities over the last decade. Understanding the current status of 3D printing in dentistry is essential to facilitate translating its applications from laboratory to the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulrahman A Balhaddad
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O.Box 1982, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Isadora Martini Garcia
- Clinical Assistant Professor, Division of Operative Dentistry, Department of General Dentistry, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Lamia Mokeem
- Ph.D. Program in Dental Biomedical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Rashed Alsahafi
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, 24381, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Majeed-Saidan
- Division of Prosthodontics, Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Hathal H Albagami
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Medina, 42353, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul Samad Khan
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O.Box 1982, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shakil Ahmad
- Directorate of Library Affairs, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam, 31441, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Fabricio Mezzomo Collares
- Department of Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Alvaro Della Bona
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Dental School, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, Brazil
| | - Mary Anne S Melo
- Ph.D. Program in Dental Biomedical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
- Division of Operative Dentistry, Department of General Dentistry, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
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7
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Dispersive solid-phase extraction facilitated by newly developed, fully 3D-printed device. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.108367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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8
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Yang Y, Li X, Pappas D. Isolation of leukemia and breast cancer cells from liquid biopsies and clinical samples at low concentration in a 3D printed cell separation device via transferrin-receptor affinity. Talanta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.124107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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9
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MacKeown H, Benedetti B, Scapuzzi C, Di Carro M, Magi E. A Review on Polyethersulfone Membranes in Polar Organic Chemical Integrative Samplers: Preparation, Characterization and Innovation. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2022:1-17. [PMID: 36263980 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2022.2131374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The membranes in polar organic chemical integrative samplers (POCIS) enclose the receiving sorbent and protect it from coming into direct contact with the environmental matrix. They have a crucial role in extending the kinetic regime of contaminant uptake, by slowing down their diffusion between the water phase and the receiving phase. The drive to improve passive sampling requires membranes with better design and enhanced performances. In this review, the preparation of standard polyethersulfone (PES) membranes for POCIS is presented, as well as methods to evaluate their composition, morphology, structure, and performance. Generally, only supplier-related morphological and structural data are provided, such as membrane type, thickness, surface area, and pore diameter. The issues related to the use of PES membranes in POCIS applications are exposed. Finally, alternative membranes to PES in POCIS are also discussed, although no better membrane has yet been developed. This review highlights the urge for more membrane characterization details and a better comprehension of the mechanisms which underlay their behavior and performance, to improve membrane selection and optimize passive sampler development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry MacKeown
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Barbara Benedetti
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Chiara Scapuzzi
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Marina Di Carro
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Emanuele Magi
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
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10
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Richardson AK, Irlam RC, Wright HR, Mills GA, Fones GR, Stürzenbaum SR, Cowan DA, Neep DJ, Barron LP. A miniaturized passive sampling-based workflow for monitoring chemicals of emerging concern in water. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 839:156260. [PMID: 35644406 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The miniaturization of a full workflow for identification and monitoring of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) is presented. Firstly, successful development of a low-cost small 3D-printed passive sampler device (3D-PSD), based on a two-piece methacrylate housing that held up to five separate 9 mm disk sorbents, is discussed. Secondly, a highly sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method reduced the need for large scale in-laboratory apparatus, solvent, reagents and reference material quantities for in-laboratory passive sampler device (PSD) calibration and extraction. Using hydrophilic-lipophilic balanced sorbents, sampling rates (Rs) were determined after a low 50 ng L-1 exposure over seven days for 39 pesticides, pharmaceuticals, drug metabolites and illicit drugs over the range 0.3 to 12.3 mL day-1. The high sensitivity LC-MS/MS method enabled rapid analysis of river water using only 10 μL of directly injected sample filtrate to measure occurrence of 164 CECs and sources along 19 sites on the River Wandle, (London, UK). The new 3D-PSD was then field-tested over seven days at the site with the highest number and concentration of CECs, which was down-river from a wastewater treatment plant. Almost double the number of CECs were identified in 3D-PSD extracts across sites in comparison to water samples (80 versus 42 CECs, respectively). Time-weighted average CEC concentrations ranged from 8.2 to 845 ng L-1, which were generally comparable to measured concentrations in grab samples. Lastly, high resolution mass spectrometry-based suspect screening of 3D-PSD extracts enabled 113 additional compounds to be tentatively identified via library matching, many of which are currently or are under consideration for the EU Watch List. This miniaturized workflow represents a new, cost-effective, and more practically efficient means to perform passive sampling chemical monitoring at a large scale. SYNOPSIS: Miniaturized, low cost, multi-disk passive samplers enabled more efficient multi-residue chemical contaminant characterization, potentially for large-scale monitoring programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra K Richardson
- Dept. Analytical, Environmental & Forensic Sciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom; Environmental Research Group, MRC Centre for Environment & Health, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, 86 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel C Irlam
- Dept. Chemistry, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
| | - Helena Rapp Wright
- Environmental Research Group, MRC Centre for Environment & Health, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, 86 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Graham A Mills
- Faculty of Science and Health, University of Portsmouth, White Swan Road, Portsmouth PO1 2DT, United Kingdom
| | - Gary R Fones
- Faculty of Science and Health, University of Portsmouth, White Swan Road, Portsmouth PO1 2DT, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen R Stürzenbaum
- Dept. Analytical, Environmental & Forensic Sciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - David A Cowan
- Dept. Analytical, Environmental & Forensic Sciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - David J Neep
- Agilent Technologies UK Ltd, Essex Road, Church Stretton SY6 6AX, United Kingdom
| | - Leon P Barron
- Environmental Research Group, MRC Centre for Environment & Health, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, 86 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom.
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11
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McMillin RE, Clark B, Kay K, Gupton BF, Ferri JK. Customizing continuous chemistry and catalytic conversion for carbon–carbon cross-coupling with 3dP. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL REACTOR ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/ijcre-2022-0117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Support structures of various materials are used to enhance the performance of catalytic process chemistry. Typically, fixed bed supports contain regular channels enabling high throughput because of the low pressure drop that accompanies high flow rates. However, many fixed bed supports have a low surface-area-to-volume ratio resulting in poor contact between the substrates and catalyst. Three dimensional polymer printing (3dP) can be used to overcome these disadvantages by offering precise control over key design parameters of the fixed bed, including total bed surface area, as well as accommodating system integration features that are compatible with continuous flow chemistry. Additionally, 3dP allows for optimization of the catalytic process based on extrinsic constraints (e.g. operating pressure) and digital design features. These design parameters together with the physicochemical characterization and optimization of catalyst loading can be tuned to prepare customizable reactors based on objectives for substrate conversion and desired throughput. Using a Suzuki (carbon–carbon) cross-coupling reaction catalyzed by palladium, we demonstrate our integrated approach. We discuss key elements of our strategy including the rational design of hydrodynamics, immobilization of the heterogeneous catalyst, and substrate conversion. This hybrid digital-physical approach enables a range of pharmaceutical process chemistries spanning discovery to manufacturing scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert E. McMillin
- Chemical and Life Science Engineering , Virginia Commonwealth University College of Engineering , Richmond , VA , 23284, USA
| | - Brian Clark
- Chemical and Life Science Engineering , Virginia Commonwealth University College of Engineering , Richmond , VA , 23284, USA
| | - Kaitlin Kay
- Chemical and Life Science Engineering , Virginia Commonwealth University College of Engineering , Richmond , VA , 23284, USA
| | - B. Frank Gupton
- Chemical and Life Science Engineering , Virginia Commonwealth University College of Engineering , Richmond , VA , 23284, USA
| | - James K. Ferri
- Chemical and Life Science Engineering , Virginia Commonwealth University College of Engineering , Richmond , VA , 23284, USA
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12
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Aghaei A, Dadashi Firouzjaei M, Karami P, Aktij SA, Elliott M, Mansourpanah Y, Rahimpour A, Soares J, Sadrzadeh M. The Implications of 3D‐Printed Membranes for Water and Wastewater Treatment and Resource Recovery. CAN J CHEM ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.24488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amir Aghaei
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, 10‐241 Donadeo Innovation Center for Engineering, Advanced Water Research Lab (AWRL) University of Alberta Edmonton AB Canada
| | | | - Pooria Karami
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, 10‐241 Donadeo Innovation Center for Engineering, Advanced Water Research Lab (AWRL) University of Alberta Edmonton AB Canada
- Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering, 12‐263 Donadeo Innovation Centre for Engineering, Group of Applied Macromolecular Engineering University of Alberta Edmonton AB Canada
| | - Sadegh Aghapour Aktij
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, 10‐241 Donadeo Innovation Center for Engineering, Advanced Water Research Lab (AWRL) University of Alberta Edmonton AB Canada
- Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering, 12‐263 Donadeo Innovation Centre for Engineering, Group of Applied Macromolecular Engineering University of Alberta Edmonton AB Canada
| | - Mark Elliott
- Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering University of Alabama Tuscaloosa USA
| | | | - Ahmad Rahimpour
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, 10‐241 Donadeo Innovation Center for Engineering, Advanced Water Research Lab (AWRL) University of Alberta Edmonton AB Canada
| | - Joao Soares
- Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering, 12‐263 Donadeo Innovation Centre for Engineering, Group of Applied Macromolecular Engineering University of Alberta Edmonton AB Canada
| | - Mohtada Sadrzadeh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, 10‐241 Donadeo Innovation Center for Engineering, Advanced Water Research Lab (AWRL) University of Alberta Edmonton AB Canada
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13
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Pazhamannil RV, V. N. JN, P. G, Edacherian A. Property enhancement approaches of fused filament fabrication technology: A review. POLYM ENG SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ribin Varghese Pazhamannil
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Government College of Engineering Kannur, APJ Abdul Kalam Technological University Kerala India
| | - Jishnu Namboodiri V. N.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Government College of Engineering Kannur, APJ Abdul Kalam Technological University Kerala India
| | - Govindan P.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Government College of Engineering Kannur, APJ Abdul Kalam Technological University Kerala India
| | - Abhilash Edacherian
- Department of Mechanical Engineering College of Engineering, King Khalid University Abha Saudi Arabia
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14
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Miniaturized 3D printed solid-phase extraction cartridges with integrated porous frits. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1208:339790. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.339790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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15
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3D Printed and Conventional Membranes—A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14051023. [PMID: 35267846 PMCID: PMC8914971 DOI: 10.3390/polym14051023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymer membranes are central to the proper operation of several processes used in a wide range of applications. The production of these membranes relies on processes such as phase inversion, stretching, track etching, sintering, or electrospinning. A novel and competitive strategy in membrane production is the use of additive manufacturing that enables the easier manufacture of tailored membranes. To achieve the future development of better membranes, it is necessary to compare this novel production process to that of more conventional techniques, and clarify the advantages and disadvantages. This review article compares a conventional method of manufacturing polymer membranes to additive manufacturing. A review of 3D printed membranes is also done to give researchers a reference guide. Membranes from these two approaches were compared in terms of cost, materials, structures, properties, performance. and environmental impact. Results show that very few membrane materials are used as 3D-printed membranes. Such membranes showed acceptable performance, better structures, and less environmental impact compared with those of conventional membranes.
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16
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Mader M, Hambitzer L, Schlautmann P, Jenne S, Greiner C, Hirth F, Helmer D, Kotz‐Helmer F, Rapp BE. Melt-Extrusion-Based Additive Manufacturing of Transparent Fused Silica Glass. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2103180. [PMID: 34668342 PMCID: PMC8655167 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202103180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, additive manufacturing (AM) of glass has attracted great interest in academia and industry, yet it is still mostly limited to liquid nanocomposite-based approaches for stereolithography, two-photon polymerization, or direct ink writing. Melt-extrusion-based processes, such as fused deposition modeling (FDM), which will allow facile manufacturing of large thin-walled components or simple multimaterial printing processes, are so far inaccessible for AM of transparent fused silica glass. Here, melt-extrusion-based AM of transparent fused silica is introduced by FDM and fused feedstock deposition (FFD) using thermoplastic silica nanocomposites that are converted to transparent glass using debinding and sintering. This will enable printing of previously inaccessible glass structures like high-aspect-ratio (>480) vessels with wall thicknesses down to 250 µm, delicate parts including overhanging features using polymer support structures, as well as dual extrusion for multicolored glasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Mader
- Laboratory of Process EngineeringNeptunLabDepartment of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK)Albert Ludwig University of FreiburgFreiburg79110Germany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF)Albert Ludwig University of FreiburgFreiburg79104Germany
| | - Leonhard Hambitzer
- Laboratory of Process EngineeringNeptunLabDepartment of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK)Albert Ludwig University of FreiburgFreiburg79110Germany
| | | | - Sophie Jenne
- Gisela and Erwin Sick Chair of Micro‐opticsDepartment of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK)Albert Ludwig University of FreiburgFreiburg79110Germany
| | - Christian Greiner
- Institute for Applied Materials (IAM)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Karlsruhe76131Germany
| | - Florian Hirth
- Institute for Applied Materials (IAM)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Karlsruhe76131Germany
| | - Dorothea Helmer
- Laboratory of Process EngineeringNeptunLabDepartment of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK)Albert Ludwig University of FreiburgFreiburg79110Germany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF)Albert Ludwig University of FreiburgFreiburg79104Germany
- Glassomer GmbHGeorges‐Köhler‐Allee 103Freiburg79110Germany
- FIT Freiburg Center of Interactive Materials and Bioinspired TechnologiesAlbert Ludwig University of FreiburgFreiburg79110Germany
| | - Frederik Kotz‐Helmer
- Laboratory of Process EngineeringNeptunLabDepartment of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK)Albert Ludwig University of FreiburgFreiburg79110Germany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF)Albert Ludwig University of FreiburgFreiburg79104Germany
- Glassomer GmbHGeorges‐Köhler‐Allee 103Freiburg79110Germany
| | - Bastian E. Rapp
- Laboratory of Process EngineeringNeptunLabDepartment of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK)Albert Ludwig University of FreiburgFreiburg79110Germany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF)Albert Ludwig University of FreiburgFreiburg79104Germany
- Glassomer GmbHGeorges‐Köhler‐Allee 103Freiburg79110Germany
- FIT Freiburg Center of Interactive Materials and Bioinspired TechnologiesAlbert Ludwig University of FreiburgFreiburg79110Germany
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17
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Kim SH, Kang SW. Interconnected channels through polypropylene and cellulose acetate by utilizing lactic acid for stable separators. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:8965-8968. [PMID: 34486585 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc02955j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, an eco-friendly and inexpensive cellulose acetate (CA) separator was fabricated and a method of making a single film by combining a polypropylene (PP) film and cellulose was proposed. The CA solution was coated on the PP film with a doctor blade and water treatment was applied to the bonded polymer to create interconnected pores and completely bond the CA onto the PP. In addition, lactic acid was added to CA to induce a plasticizing effect for abundant pore formation. The binding was confirmed using FT-IR and SEM, and the pore size generated from the CA side was found to be less than 1 μm on average. TGA was used to measure the thermal stability of the connected polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Hee Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Sangmyung University, Seoul 03016, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sang Wook Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Sangmyung University, Seoul 03016, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Chemistry and Energy Engineering, Sangmyung University, Seoul 03016, Republic of Korea
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18
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19
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Grajewski M, Hermann M, Oleschuk R, Verpoorte E, Salentijn G. Leveraging 3D printing to enhance mass spectrometry: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1166:338332. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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20
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Moskvin LN, Rodinkov ОV, Moskvin АL, Spivakovskii V, Vlasov AY, Bugaichenko AS, Samokhin АS, Nesterenko PN. Chromatomembrane preconcentration of phenols using a new 3D printed microflow cell followed by reversed-phase HPLC determination. J Sep Sci 2021; 44:2449-2456. [PMID: 33848392 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202100089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Chromatomembrane process represents a universal approach to the separation of compounds in liquid-gas and liquid-liquid phases systems. However, the broad application of chromatomembrane separation methods in chemical analysis is restricted by the absence of serially produced chromatomembrane flow cells and the difficulties of their laboratory production. The present work addresses the preparation of chromatomembrane flow cell by using 3D printing. Fused deposition modeling and stereolithography were modes for the production of the flow cell using acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene and polyacrylate-based Anycubic UV resins respectively. The separation and analytical performance of the 3D-printed flow cell were compared with a polyimide unit fabricated by a milling machine, the trial addressing the determination of phenol in the air. The method is based on chromatomembrane absorption of the analytes in 95 μL of the aqueous phase positioned in the cell. Reversed-phase HPLC with fluorimetric detection was applied for the determination of the absorbed analytes. The detection limit of phenols (phenol and m-cresol) in the air was 0.9 μg/m3 by absorption preconcentration time of 10 min. The volumetric flow rate of the analyzed air through the chromatomembrane cell using an electrodriven aspirator was 0.1 L/min.
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Affiliation(s)
- L N Moskvin
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - О V Rodinkov
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - А L Moskvin
- St. Petersburg National Research University of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - V Spivakovskii
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - A Y Vlasov
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - A S Bugaichenko
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - А S Samokhin
- Department of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - P N Nesterenko
- Department of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Moscow, Russian Federation
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21
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Voráčová I, Přikryl J, Novotný J, Datinská V, Yang J, Astier Y, Foret F. 3D printed device for epitachophoresis. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1154:338246. [PMID: 33736813 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Polyacrylamide or agarose gels are the most frequently used sieving and stabilizing media in slab gel electrophoresis. Recently, we have introduced a new electrophoretic technique for concentration/separation of milliliter sample volumes. In this technique, the gel is used primarily as an anticonvection media eliminating liquid flow during the electromigration. While serving well for the liquid stabilization, the gels can undergo deformation when exposed to a discontinuous electrolyte buffer system used in epitachophoresis. In this work, we have explored 3D printing to form rigid stabilizing manifolds to minimize liquid flow during the epitachophoresis run. The whole device was printed using the stereolithography technique from a low water-absorbing resin. The stabilizing manifold, serving as the gel substitute, was printed as a replaceable composite structure preventing electrolyte mixing during the separation. Different geometries of the 3D printed stabilizing manifolds were tested for use in concentrating ionic sample components without spatial separation. The presented device can focus analytes from 3 or 4 mL of the sample to 150 μL or less, depending on the collection cup size. With the 150 μL collection cup, this represents the enrichment factor from 20 to 27. The time of concentration was from 15 to 25 min, depending on stabilization media and power used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivona Voráčová
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Brno 602 00, Czech Republic.
| | - Jan Přikryl
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Brno 602 00, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Novotný
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Brno 602 00, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimíra Datinská
- Roche Sequencing Solution, Incorporated Pleasanton, California, 94588, United States
| | - Jaeyoung Yang
- Roche Sequencing Solution, Incorporated Pleasanton, California, 94588, United States
| | - Yann Astier
- Roche Sequencing Solution, Incorporated Pleasanton, California, 94588, United States
| | - František Foret
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Brno 602 00, Czech Republic; CEITEC, Masaryk University, Brno 601 77, Czech Republic
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22
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Keshan Balavandy S, Li F, Macdonald NP, Maya F, Townsend AT, Frederick K, Guijt RM, Breadmore MC. Scalable 3D printing method for the manufacture of single-material fluidic devices with integrated filter for point of collection colourimetric analysis. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1151:238101. [PMID: 33608072 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Assembly and bonding are major obstacles in manufacturing of functionally integrated fluidic devices. Here we demonstrate a single-material 3D printed device with an integrated porous structure capable of filtering particulate matter for the colourimetric detection of iron from soil and natural waters. Selecting a PolyJet 3D printer for its throughput, integrated filters were created exploiting a phenomenon occurring at the interface between the commercially available build material (Veroclear-RGD810) and water-soluble support material (SUP707). The porous properties were tuneable by varying the orientation of the print head relative to the channel and by varying the width of the build material. Porous structures ranging from 100 to 200 μm in thickness separated the sample and reagent chambers, filtering particles larger than 15 μm in diameter. Maintaining the manufacturing throughput of the Polyjet printer, 221 devices could be printed in 1.5 h (∼25 s per device). Including the 12 h post-processing soak in sodium hydroxide to remove the solid support material, the total time to print and process 221 devices was 13.5 h (3.6 min per device), with a material cost of $2.50 each. The applicability of the fluidic device for point of collection analysis was evaluated using colourimetric determination of iron from soil slurry and environmental samples. Following the reduction of Fe3+ to Fe2+ using hydroxylammonium chloride, samples were introduced to the fluidic device where particulate matter was retained by the filter, allowing for particulate-free imaging of the red complex formed with 1,10-phenanthroline using a smartphone camera. The calibration curve ranged from of 1-100 mg L-1 Fe2+ and good agreement (95%) was obtained between the point of collection device and Sector Field ICP-MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Keshan Balavandy
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science, School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 75, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001, Australia.
| | - Feng Li
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science, School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 75, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001, Australia.
| | - Niall P Macdonald
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science (ACES), School of Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Hobart, 7001, TAS, Australia; KLA, Kilcarbery Business Park, Dublin 22, Ireland.
| | - Fernando Maya
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science, School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 75, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001, Australia.
| | - Ashley T Townsend
- Central Science Laboratory, University of Tasmania, Hobart, 7001, TAS, Australia.
| | - Kimberley Frederick
- Department of Chemistry, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY, 12866, United States.
| | - Rosanne M Guijt
- Centre for Regional and Rural Futures, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.
| | - Michael C Breadmore
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science, School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 75, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science (ACES), School of Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Hobart, 7001, TAS, Australia.
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23
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Dalvand K, Balavandy SK, Li F, Breadmore M, Ghiasvand A. Optimization of smartphone-based on-site-capable uranium analysis in water using a 3D printed microdevice. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:3243-3251. [PMID: 33751164 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03260-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Recent development of portable three-dimensional printed (3DP) microfluidic-based devices has provided a new horizon for real-time field analysis of environmental pollutants. Smartphones with the possibility of launching different software, sensing, and grading color intensity, as well as capability of sending/receiving data through the internet have made this technology very promising. Here, a novel smartphone-based 3DP microfluidic device is reported that uses an image-based colorimetric detection method for the analysis of uranium in water samples, based on the complex formation of uranyl ions with Arsenazo III. The microfluidic device consists of two horizontal channels, separated by an integrated porous membrane, and was printed in a single run using a transparent photopolymer. It enables the operator to see the internal parts and the color change visually, as well as enables the operator to take images and record the color intensity using a smartphone. In each 3DP run, 220 devices are fabricated in 1.5 h (~ 25 s per device) at an estimated price of $2.5 per device. A Box-Behnken design (BBD) was utilized for the optimization of experimental conditions. The calibration curve was linear within 0.5-100 μg mL-1 (R2 > 0.9925) of uranium analysis. The total time of each experiment was approximately 8 min. The 3DP device was successfully employed for the recovery and determination of uranium in spiked natural water samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kolsoum Dalvand
- Department of Chemistry, Lorestan University, Khoramabad, 68178-17133, Iran
| | - Sepideh Keshan Balavandy
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001, Australia
| | - Feng Li
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001, Australia
| | - Michael Breadmore
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001, Australia
| | - Alireza Ghiasvand
- Department of Chemistry, Lorestan University, Khoramabad, 68178-17133, Iran. .,Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001, Australia.
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Davis JJ, Foster SW, Grinias JP. Low-cost and open-source strategies for chemical separations. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1638:461820. [PMID: 33453654 PMCID: PMC7870555 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, a trend toward utilizing open access resources for laboratory research has begun. Open-source design strategies for scientific hardware rely upon the use of widely available parts, especially those that can be directly printed using additive manufacturing techniques and electronic components that can be connected to low-cost microcontrollers. Open-source software eliminates the need for expensive commercial licenses and provides the opportunity to design programs for specific needs. In this review, the impact of the "open-source movement" within the field of chemical separations is described, primarily through a comprehensive look at research in this area over the past five years. Topics that are covered include general laboratory equipment, sample preparation techniques, separations-based analysis, detection strategies, electronic system control, and software for data processing. Remaining hurdles and possible opportunities for further adoption of open-source approaches in the context of these separations-related topics are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua J Davis
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, United States
| | - Samuel W Foster
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, United States
| | - James P Grinias
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, United States.
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25
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McMillin RE, Luxon AR, Ferri JK. Enabling intensification of multiphase chemical processes with additive manufacturing. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 285:102294. [PMID: 33164781 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2020.102294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Fixed bed supports of various materials (metal, ceramic, polymer) and geometries are used to enhance the performance of many unit operations in chemical processes. Consider first metal and ceramic monolith support structures, which are typically extruded. Extruded monoliths contain regular, parallel channels enabling high throughput because of the low pressure drop accompanying high flow rate. However, extruded channels have a low surface-area-to-volume ratio resulting in low contact between the fluid phase and the support. Additive manufacturing, also referred to as three dimensional printing (3DP), can be used to overcome these disadvantages by offering precise control over key design parameters of the fixed bed including material-of-construction and total bed surface area, as well as accommodating system integration features compatible with continuous flow chemistry. These design parameters together with optimized extrinsic process conditions can be tuned to prepare customizable separation and reaction systems based on objectives for chemical process and/or the desired product. We discuss key elements of leveraging the flexibility of additive manufacturing to intensification with a focus on applications in continuous flow processes and disperse, multiphase systems enabling a range of scalable chemistry spanning discovery to manufacturing operations.
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26
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Irlam RC, Hughes C, Parkin MC, Beardah MS, O'Donnell M, Brabazon D, Barron LP. Trace multi-class organic explosives analysis in complex matrices enabled using LEGO®-inspired clickable 3D-printed solid phase extraction block arrays. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1629:461506. [PMID: 32866822 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The development of a new, lower cost method for trace explosives recovery from complex samples is presented using miniaturised, click-together and leak-free 3D-printed solid phase extraction (SPE) blocks. For the first time, a large selection of ten commercially available 3D printing materials were comprehensively evaluated for practical, flexible and multiplexed SPE using stereolithography (SLA), PolyJet and fused deposition modelling (FDM) technologies. Miniaturised single-piece, connectable and leak-free block housings inspired by Lego® were 3D-printed in a methacrylate-based resin, which was found to be most stable under different aqueous/organic solvent and pH conditions, using a cost-effective benchtop SLA printer. Using a tapered SPE bed format, frit-free packing of multiple different commercially available sorbent particles was also possible. Coupled SPE blocks were then shown to offer efficient analyte enrichment and a potentially new approach to improve the stability of recovered analytes in the field when stored on the sorbent, rather than in wet swabs. Performance was measured using liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry and was better, or similar, to commercially available coupled SPE cartridges, with respect to recovery, precision, matrix effects, linearity and range, for a selection of 13 peroxides, nitramines, nitrate esters and nitroaromatics. Mean % recoveries from dried blood, oil residue and soil matrices were 79 ± 24%, 71 ± 16% and 76 ± 24%, respectively. Excellent detection limits between 60 fg for 3,5-dinitroaniline to 154 pg for nitroglycerin were also achieved across all matrices. To our knowledge, this represents the first application of 3D printing to SPE of so many organic compounds in complex samples. Its introduction into this forensic method offered a low-cost, 'on-demand' solution for selective extraction of explosives, enhanced flexibility for multiplexing/design alteration and potential application at-scene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel C Irlam
- Department Analytical, Environmental & Forensic Sciences, King's College London, 150 Stamford St., London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Cian Hughes
- Advanced Processing Technology Research Centre, Dublin City University, Dublin9, Ireland
| | - Mark C Parkin
- Eurofins Forensic Services, Teddington, Middlesex, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew S Beardah
- Forensic Explosives Laboratory, Dstl, Fort Halstead, Sevenoaks, Kent, United Kingdom
| | - Michael O'Donnell
- Forensic Explosives Laboratory, Dstl, Fort Halstead, Sevenoaks, Kent, United Kingdom
| | - Dermot Brabazon
- Advanced Processing Technology Research Centre, Dublin City University, Dublin9, Ireland
| | - Leon P Barron
- Department Analytical, Environmental & Forensic Sciences, King's College London, 150 Stamford St., London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom; Environmental Research Group, Imperial College London, 80 Wood Lane, LondonW12 0BZ, United Kingdom.
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27
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The impact of 3D-printed LAY-FOMM 40 and LAY-FOMM 60 on L929 cells and human oral fibroblasts. Clin Oral Investig 2020; 25:1869-1877. [PMID: 32951123 PMCID: PMC7966624 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-020-03491-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Objectives LAY-FOMM is a promising material for FDA-approved Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) applications in drug delivery. Here we investigated the impact on oral cells. Materials and methods We evaluated the impact of 3D-printed LAY-FOMM 40, LAY-FOMM 60, and biocompatible polylactic acid (PLA) on the activity of murine L929 cells, gingival fibroblasts (GF), and periodontal ligament fibroblasts (PDLF) using indirect (samples on cells), direct monolayer culture models (cells on samples), and direct spheroid cultures with resazurin-based toxicity assay, confirmed by MTT and Live-dead staining. The surface topography was evaluated with scanning electron microscopy. Results The materials LAY-FOMM 40 and LAY-FOMM 60 led to a reduction in resazurin conversion in L929 cells, GF, and PDLF, higher than the impact of PLA in indirect and direct culture models. Fewer vital cells were found in the presence of LAY-FOMM 40 and 60 than PLA, in the staining in both models. In the direct model, LAY-FOMM 40 and PLA showed less impact on viability in the resazurin-based toxicity assay than in the indirect model. Spheroid microtissues showed a reduction of cell activity of GF and PDLF with LAY-FOMM 40 and 60. Conclusion Overall, we found that LAY-FOMM 40 and LAY-FOMM 60 can reduce the activity of L292 and oral cells. Based on the results from the PLA samples, the direct model seems more reliable than the indirect model. Clinical relevance A material modification is desired in terms of biocompatibility as it can mask the effect of drugs and interfere with the function of the 3D-printed device.
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Islam MF, Yap YC, Li F, Guijt RM, Breadmore MC. The influence of electrolyte concentration on nanofractures fabricated in a 3D-printed microfluidic device by controlled dielectric breakdown. Electrophoresis 2020; 41:2007-2014. [PMID: 32776330 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202000050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A three-dimensional-printed microfluidic device made of a thermoplastic material was used to study the creation of molecular filters by controlled dielectric breakdown. The device was made from acrylonitrile butadiene styrene by a fused deposition modeling three-dimensional printer and consisted of two V-shaped sample compartments separated by 750 µm of extruded plastic gap. Nanofractures were formed in the thin piece of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene by controlled dielectric breakdown by application voltage of 15-20 kV with the voltage terminated when reaching a defined current threshold. Variation of the size of the nanofractures was achieved by both variation of the current threshold and by variation of the ionic strength of the electrolyte used for breakdown. Electrophoretic transport of two proteins, R-phycoerythrin (RPE; <10 nm in size) and fluorescamine-labeled BSA (f-BSA; 2-4 nm), was used to monitor the size and transport properties of the nanofractures. Using 1 mM phosphate buffer, both RPE and f-BSA passed through the nanofractures when the current threshold was set to 25 µA. However, when the threshold was lowered to 10 µA or lower, RPE was restricted from moving through the nanofractures. When we increased the electrolyte concentration during breakdown from 1 to 10 mM phosphate buffer, BSA passed but RPE was blocked when the threshold was equal to, or lower than, 25 µA. This demonstrates that nanofracture size (pore area) is directly related to the breakdown current threshold but inversely related to the concentration of the electrolyte used for the breakdown process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Fokhrul Islam
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Natural Science, University of Tasmania, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Yiing C Yap
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Natural Science, University of Tasmania, Tasmania, Australia.,Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Feng Li
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Natural Science, University of Tasmania, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Rosanne M Guijt
- Centre for Rural and Regional Futures, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Michael C Breadmore
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Natural Science, University of Tasmania, Tasmania, Australia
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Abstract
Abstract
The rapid development of additive technologies in recent years is accompanied by their intensive introduction into various fields of science and related technologies, including analytical chemistry. The use of 3D printing in analytical instrumentation, in particular, for making prototypes of new equipment and manufacturing parts having complex internal spatial configuration, has been proved as exceptionally effective. Additional opportunities for the widespread introduction of 3D printing technologies are associated with the development of new optically transparent, current- and thermo-conductive materials, various composite materials with desired properties, as well as possibilities for printing with the simultaneous combination of several materials in one product. This review will focus on the application of 3D printing for production of new advanced analytical devices, such as compact chromatographic columns for high performance liquid chromatography, flow reactors and flow cells for detectors, devices for passive concentration of toxic compounds and various integrated devices that allow significant improvements in chemical analysis. A special attention is paid to the complexity and functionality of 3D-printed devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel N. Nesterenko
- Department of Chemistry , Lomonosov Moscow State University , 1–3 Leninskie Gory , GSP-3 , Moscow , Russian Federation
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Su CK, Lin JY. 3D-Printed Column with Porous Monolithic Packing for Online Solid-Phase Extraction of Multiple Trace Metals in Environmental Water Samples. Anal Chem 2020; 92:9640-9648. [PMID: 32618186 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c00863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we used a multimaterial three-dimensional printing (3DP) technology and porous composite filaments (Lay-Fomm, Gel-Lay, and Lay-Felt) to fabricate solid phase extraction (SPE) columns for the enhanced extraction of multiple metal ions. When employed as sample pretreatment devices in an automatic flow injection analysis/inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) system, these 3D-printed SPE columns performed the near-complete extractions of Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb ions from natural water samples prior to ICP-MS determination. After optimizing the column fabrication, the extraction conditions, and the automatic analysis system, the column packed with the porous composite Lay-Fomm 40 was found to provide the highest extraction performance-the extraction efficiencies of the listed metal ions were all greater than 99.2%, and the detection limits of the method ranged from 0.3 to 6.7 ng L-1. The detection of these metal ions in several reference materials (CASS-4, SLEW-3, 1640a, and 1643f) validated the reliability of this method; spike analyses of collected water samples (groundwater, river water, and seawater) demonstrated the applicability of the method. The nature of the printing materials enhanced the analytical performance of 3D-printed sample pretreatment devices. Such approaches will be useful to diversify the range of sample preparation schemes and analytical methods enabled by 3DP technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Kuan Su
- Department of Chemistry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jou-Yu Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan, ROC
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Li F, Ceballos MR, Balavandy SK, Fan J, Khataei MM, Yamini Y, Maya F. 3D Printing in analytical sample preparation. J Sep Sci 2020; 43:1854-1866. [PMID: 32056373 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202000035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In the last 5 years, additive manufacturing (three-dimensional printing) has emerged as a highly valuable technology to advance the field of analytical sample preparation. Three-dimensional printing enabled the cost-effective and rapid fabrication of devices for sample preparation, especially in flow-based mode, opening new possibilities for the development of automated analytical methods. Recent advances involve membrane-based three-dimensional printed separation devices fabricated by print-pause-print and multi-material three-dimensional printing, or improved three-dimensional printed holders for solid-phase extraction containing sorbent bead packings, extraction disks, fibers, and magnetic particles. Other recent developments rely on the direct three-dimensional printing of extraction sorbents, the functionalization of commercial three-dimensional printable resins, or the coating of three-dimensional printed devices with functional micro/nanomaterials. In addition, improved devices for liquid-liquid extraction such as extraction chambers, or phase separators are opening new possibilities for analytical method development combined with high-performance liquid chromatography. The present review outlines the current state-of-the-art of three-dimensional printing in analytical sample preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Li
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Natural Sciences. Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Melisa Rodas Ceballos
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Natural Sciences. Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Sepideh Keshan Balavandy
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Natural Sciences. Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Jingxi Fan
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Natural Sciences. Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | | | - Yadollah Yamini
- Department of Chemistry, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fernando Maya
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Natural Sciences. Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
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Kalsoom U, Waheed S, Paull B. Fabrication of Humidity Sensor Using 3D Printable Polymer Composite Containing Boron-Doped Diamonds and LiCl. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:4962-4969. [PMID: 31904928 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b22519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Humidity sensing is of significant interest to monitor and control the moisture sensitive environments. Here, we developed a novel 3D printable composite consisting of boron-doped diamond (BDD) (60 wt %) and LiCl (2 wt %) in acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS). SEM analysis of the composite material confirmed the uniform distribution of the BDD and presence of a thin layer of LiCl distributed throughout the matrix. The developed composite material was employed for simple and quick (∼2 min) fabrication of the humidity sensor using low cost fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printer. The unique composite material allowed the fabrication of one-piece 3D printed sensor in comparison to traditional multicomponent (e.g., support, sensitive film, and electrodes) humidity sensing devices. The resulting humidity sensor showed excellent sensitivity with up to 125-fold change in resistance for the range of 11-97% relative humidity. The quick response (60 s, n = 3, RSD= 18.7%) and the recovery time (120 s, n = 3, RSD = 16.6%) is attributed to the uniform distribution of the BDD electrode material and strong networking with the LiCl layer distributed throughout the matrix. Long-term stability and repeatability was evaluated, with relative standard deviation of the response of less than 15% obtained over a test period of 14 days. When applied as a sensor for humidity in human breath, the response curves obtained for 12 consecutive breath cycles with post-breath compressed air-drying, showed excellent repeatability and sensitivity, with quick response and recovery (13 s, n = 12, RSD = 15%). The developed 3D printable humidity sensing material was also used to fabricate a customized 3D printed sensor for monitoring the humidity of the N2 supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umme Kalsoom
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science (ACES), College of Sciences and Engineering , University of Tasmania , Hobart 7001 , Australia
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), College of Sciences and Engineering , University of Tasmania , Hobart 7001 , Australia
| | - Sidra Waheed
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science (ACES), College of Sciences and Engineering , University of Tasmania , Hobart 7001 , Australia
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), College of Sciences and Engineering , University of Tasmania , Hobart 7001 , Australia
| | - Brett Paull
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science (ACES), College of Sciences and Engineering , University of Tasmania , Hobart 7001 , Australia
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), College of Sciences and Engineering , University of Tasmania , Hobart 7001 , Australia
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Liang Y, Liu Q, Liu S, Li X, Li Y, Zhang M. One-step 3D printed flow cells using single transparent material for flow injection spectrophotometry. Talanta 2019; 201:460-464. [PMID: 31122451 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A very simple approach to fabricate flow-through cells for flow injection spectrophotometry is proposed. Flow cells are completely fused deposition modelling 3D printed by using coloured-transparent polylactic acid filament. Channels with 1.0 mm i.d. circular cross section and optical windows of 0.3-1.0 mm thickness are fabricated. Thin layers of the transparent material allow light transmitting with low attenuation, but coloured cell body can prevent stray light transmitting through. Transparent 3D printing filaments of different colours are compared and Grey-transparent (Grey-T) provides highest sensitivity for the determination of nitrite via Griess reaction. Flow cells of 10-50 mm pathlength have been fabricated by using the Grey-T filament. Effective pathlengths are estimated to be 83.9-96.2% of the physical pathlengths. The printing fabricated cells are used for flow injection analysis of nitrite, and linear correlation (R2 = 0.9991-0.9999) and limits of detection of 0.27, 0.087 and 0.045 μM for 10, 30 and 50 mm cells, are obtained. The 3D printed flow cells have acceptable chemical compatibility and signal stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liang
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, Guangxi, 541004, China; The Guangxi Key Laboratory of Theory and Technology for Environmental Pollution Control, Guilin, Guangxi, 541004, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, Guangxi, 541004, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, Guangxi, 541004, China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, Guangxi, 541004, China
| | - Yan Li
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, Guangxi, 541004, China
| | - Min Zhang
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, Guangxi, 541004, China.
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Tan ML, Zhang M, Li F, Maya F, Breadmore MC. A three-dimensional printed electromembrane extraction device for capillary electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1595:215-220. [PMID: 30853162 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A concentric electromembrane extraction preconcentration device was designed and fabricated using fused deposition modelling 3D printing. The device consisted of a hemispherical electrode sample vial printed from a filament of conductive polylactic acid (PLA), into which sat a smaller hemispherical 3D printed porous membrane acceptor vial. Application of voltage between a point-electrode placed in the center of 20 μL solution inside the acceptor vial and the electrode vial containing 1 mL of sample, enabled anion migration through the 3D printed porous material into the acceptor solution. Electromembrane extraction was proved using fluorescein for imaging of the extraction process, with preconcentration rates of 0.833 μM/sec at 120 V with close to 95% recovery. The performance of the fabricated porous 3D printed device was evaluated for the preconcentration of anions from water prior to capillary electrophoresis detection. Preconcentration factors ranging between 36-44 were obtained for chloride, nitrate, perchlorate and sulfate, while a lower performance was observed for weaker acids as fluoride and phosphate (3-4). The limit of detection (LOD) was determined to be 0.16 μM, 0.18 μM and 0.18 μM for NO3-, ClO4- and SO42- respectively. The extraction and quantitation of ions from a soil slurry without filtration, namely NO3- and SO42- content was determined to be 0.24 and 0.03 mmol/100 g of soil, respectively which are values in the range of those typically reported in soil samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Li Tan
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Natural Sciences - Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 75, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia
| | - Min Zhang
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Biomedical Sensing and Intelligent Instrument, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, Guangxi, 541004, China
| | - Feng Li
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Natural Sciences - Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 75, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia
| | - Fernando Maya
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Natural Sciences - Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 75, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia
| | - Michael C Breadmore
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Natural Sciences - Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 75, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia.
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Oberoi G, Nitsch S, Edelmayer M, Janjić K, Müller AS, Agis H. 3D Printing-Encompassing the Facets of Dentistry. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2018; 6:172. [PMID: 30525032 PMCID: PMC6262086 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2018.00172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This narrative review presents an overview on the currently available 3D printing technologies and their utilization in experimental, clinical and educational facets, from the perspective of different specialties of dentistry, including oral and maxillofacial surgery, orthodontics, endodontics, prosthodontics, and periodontics. It covers research and innovation, treatment modalities, education and training, employing the rapidly developing 3D printing process. Research-oriented advancement in 3D printing in dentistry is witnessed by the rising number of publications on this topic. Visualization of treatment outcomes makes it a promising clinical tool. Educational programs utilizing 3D-printed models stimulate training of dental skills in students and trainees. 3D printing has enormous potential to ameliorate oral health care in research, clinical treatment, and education in dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunpreet Oberoi
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria.,Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sophie Nitsch
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Health Sciences, FH Wien, University of Applied Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Edelmayer
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Oral Surgery, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Klara Janjić
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anna Sonja Müller
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hermann Agis
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
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