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Zhang Y, Jafari M, Zhang T, Sui D, Sagresti L, Merz KM, Hu J. Molecular insights into substrate translocation in an elevator-type metal transporter. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.09.18.613805. [PMID: 39345646 PMCID: PMC11429975 DOI: 10.1101/2024.09.18.613805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/01/2024]
Abstract
The Zrt/Irt-like protein (ZIP) metal transporters are key players in maintaining the homeostasis of a panel of essential microelements. The prototypical ZIP from Bordetella bronchiseptica (BbZIP) is an elevator transporter, but how the metal substrate moves along the transport pathway and how the transporter changes conformation to allow alternating access remain to be elucidated. Here, we combined structural, biochemical, and computational approaches to investigate the process of metal substrate translocation along with the global structural rearrangement. Our study revealed an upward hinge motion of the transport domain in a high-resolution crystal structure of a cross-linked variant, elucidated the mechanisms of metal release from the transport site into the cytoplasm and activity regulation by a cytoplasmic metal-binding loop, and unraveled an unusual elevator mode in enhanced sampling simulations that distinguishes BbZIP from other elevator transporters. This work provides important insights into the metal transport mechanism of the ZIP family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, MI 48824
| | - Majid Jafari
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, MI 48824
| | - Tuo Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, MI 48824
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Dexin Sui
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, MI 48824
| | - Luca Sagresti
- Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, I-56126 Pisa, Italy and CSGI
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) sezione di Pisa, Largo Bruno Pontecorvo 3, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Kenneth M. Merz
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, MI 48824
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, MI 48824
| | - Jian Hu
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, MI 48824
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, MI 48824
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2
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Jiang Y, MacRenaris K, O'Halloran TV, Hu J. Determination of metal ion transport rate of human ZIP4 using stable zinc isotopes. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107661. [PMID: 39128710 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 07/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The essential microelement zinc is absorbed in the small intestine mainly by the zinc transporter ZIP4, a representative member of the Zrt/Irt-like protein (ZIP) family. ZIP4 is reportedly upregulated in many cancers, making it a promising oncology drug target. To date, there have been no reports on the turnover number of ZIP4, which is a crucial missing piece of information needed to better understand the transport mechanism. In this work, we used a nonradioactive zinc isotope, 70Zn, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry to study human ZIP4 (hZIP4) expressed in Human embryonic kidney 293 cells. Our data showed that 70Zn can replace the radioactive 65Zn as a tracer in kinetic evaluation of hZIP4 activity. This approach, combined with the quantification of the cell surface expression of hZIP4 using biotinylation or surface-bound antibody, allowed us to estimate the apparent turnover number of hZIP4 to be in the range of 0.08 to 0.2 s-1. The turnover numbers of the truncated hZIP4 variants are significantly smaller than that of the full-length hZIP4, confirming a crucial role for the extracellular domain in zinc transport. Using 64Zn and 70Zn, we measured zinc efflux during the cell-based transport assay and found that it has little effect on the zinc import analysis under these conditions. Finally, we demonstrated that use of laser ablation inductively coupled plasma-TOF-mass spectrometry on samples applied to a solid substrate significantly increased the throughput of the transport assay. We envision that the approach reported here can be applied to the studies of metal transporters beyond the ZIP family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Keith MacRenaris
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA; Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA; Elemental Health Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA; Quantitative Bio Element Analysis and Mapping (QBEAM) Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Thomas V O'Halloran
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA; Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA; Elemental Health Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA; Quantitative Bio Element Analysis and Mapping (QBEAM) Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA.
| | - Jian Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA.
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3
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Zhang X, Zhang L, Yu T, Gao Y, Zhai T, Zhao T, Xing Z. Genetic response analysis of Beauveria bassiana Z1 under high concentration Cd(II) stress. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 464:132984. [PMID: 37995637 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd(II)) has carcinogenic and teratogenic toxicity, which can be accumulated in the human body through the food chain, endangering human health and life. In this study, a highly Cd(II)-tolerant fungus named Beauveria bassiana Z1 was studied, and its Cd(Ⅱ) removal efficiency was 71.2% when the Cd(II) concentration was 10 mM. Through bioanalysis and experimental verification of the transcriptome data, it was found that cadmium entered the cells through calcium ion channels, and then complexed with intracellular glutathione (GSH) and stored in vacuoles or excluded extracellular by ABC transporters. Cytochrome P450 was significantly upregulated in many pathways and actively participated in detoxification related reactions. The addition of cytochrome inhibitor taxifolin reduced the removal efficiency of Cd(II) by 45%. In the analysis, it demonstrated that ACOX1 gene and OPR gene of jasmonic acid (JA) synthesis pathway were significantly up-regulated, and were correlated with bZIP family transcription factors cpc-1_0 and pa p1_0. The results showed that exogenous JA could improve the removal efficiency of Cd(II) by strain Z1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
| | - Lijie Zhang
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China.
| | - Tiantian Yu
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
| | - Yanhui Gao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
| | - Tianrui Zhai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
| | - Tiantao Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
| | - Zhilin Xing
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
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4
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Pope MA, Curtis RM, Gull H, Horadigala Gamage MA, Abeyrathna SS, Abeyrathna NS, Fahrni CJ, Meloni G. Fluorescence-Based Proteoliposome Methods to Monitor Redox-Active Transition Metal Transmembrane Translocation by Metal Transporters. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2839:77-97. [PMID: 39008249 PMCID: PMC11411439 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-4043-2_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Transmembrane transition metal transporter proteins are central gatekeepers in selectively controlling vectorial metal cargo uptake and extrusion across cellular membranes in all living organisms, thus playing key roles in essential and toxic metal homeostasis. Biochemical characterization of transporter-mediated translocation events and transport kinetics of redox-active metals, such as iron and copper, is challenged by the complexity in generating reconstituted systems in which vectorial metal transport can be studied in real time. We present fluorescence-based proteoliposome methods to monitor redox-active metal transmembrane translocation upon reconstitution of purified metal transporters in artificial lipid bilayers. By encapsulating turn-on/-off iron or copper-dependent sensors in the proteoliposome lumen and conducting real-time transport assays using small unilamellar vesicles (SUVs), in which selected purified Fe(II) and Cu(I) transmembrane importer and exporter proteins have been reconstituted, we provide a platform to monitor metal translocation events across lipid bilayers in real time. The strategy is modular and expandable toward the study of different transporter families featuring diverse metal substrate selectivity and promiscuity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell A Pope
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Rose M Curtis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Humera Gull
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | | | - Sameera S Abeyrathna
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Nisansala S Abeyrathna
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Christoph J Fahrni
- Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Gabriele Meloni
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA.
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5
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Rosa-Núñez E, Echavarri-Erasun C, Armas AM, Escudero V, Poza-Carrión C, Rubio LM, González-Guerrero M. Iron Homeostasis in Azotobacter vinelandii. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1423. [PMID: 37998022 PMCID: PMC10669500 DOI: 10.3390/biology12111423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Iron is an essential nutrient for all life forms. Specialized mechanisms exist in bacteria to ensure iron uptake and its delivery to key enzymes within the cell, while preventing toxicity. Iron uptake and exchange networks must adapt to the different environmental conditions, particularly those that require the biosynthesis of multiple iron proteins, such as nitrogen fixation. In this review, we outline the mechanisms that the model diazotrophic bacterium Azotobacter vinelandii uses to ensure iron nutrition and how it adapts Fe metabolism to diazotrophic growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Rosa-Núñez
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (UPM-INIA/CSIC), Campus de Montegancedo UPM, Crta. M-40 km 38, 28223 Madrid, Spain; (E.R.-N.); (C.E.-E.); (A.M.A.); (C.P.-C.); (L.M.R.)
- Escuela Técnica de Ingeniería Agraria, Alimentaria, y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Avda. Puerta de Hierro, 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Echavarri-Erasun
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (UPM-INIA/CSIC), Campus de Montegancedo UPM, Crta. M-40 km 38, 28223 Madrid, Spain; (E.R.-N.); (C.E.-E.); (A.M.A.); (C.P.-C.); (L.M.R.)
- Escuela Técnica de Ingeniería Agraria, Alimentaria, y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Avda. Puerta de Hierro, 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro M. Armas
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (UPM-INIA/CSIC), Campus de Montegancedo UPM, Crta. M-40 km 38, 28223 Madrid, Spain; (E.R.-N.); (C.E.-E.); (A.M.A.); (C.P.-C.); (L.M.R.)
| | - Viviana Escudero
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (UPM-INIA/CSIC), Campus de Montegancedo UPM, Crta. M-40 km 38, 28223 Madrid, Spain; (E.R.-N.); (C.E.-E.); (A.M.A.); (C.P.-C.); (L.M.R.)
| | - César Poza-Carrión
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (UPM-INIA/CSIC), Campus de Montegancedo UPM, Crta. M-40 km 38, 28223 Madrid, Spain; (E.R.-N.); (C.E.-E.); (A.M.A.); (C.P.-C.); (L.M.R.)
| | - Luis M. Rubio
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (UPM-INIA/CSIC), Campus de Montegancedo UPM, Crta. M-40 km 38, 28223 Madrid, Spain; (E.R.-N.); (C.E.-E.); (A.M.A.); (C.P.-C.); (L.M.R.)
| | - Manuel González-Guerrero
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (UPM-INIA/CSIC), Campus de Montegancedo UPM, Crta. M-40 km 38, 28223 Madrid, Spain; (E.R.-N.); (C.E.-E.); (A.M.A.); (C.P.-C.); (L.M.R.)
- Escuela Técnica de Ingeniería Agraria, Alimentaria, y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Avda. Puerta de Hierro, 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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6
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Huynh U, Nguyen HN, Trinh BK, Elhaj J, Zastrow ML. A bioinformatic analysis of zinc transporters in intestinal Lactobacillaceae. Metallomics 2023; 15:mfad044. [PMID: 37463796 PMCID: PMC10391621 DOI: 10.1093/mtomcs/mfad044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
As the second most abundant transition element and a crucial cofactor for many proteins, zinc is essential for the survival of all living organisms. To maintain required zinc levels and prevent toxic overload, cells and organisms have a collection of metal transport proteins for uptake and efflux of zinc. In bacteria, metal transport proteins are well defined for model organisms and many pathogens, but fewer studies have explored metal transport proteins, including those for zinc, in commensal bacteria from the gut microbiota. The healthy human gut microbiota comprises hundreds of species and among these, bacteria from the Lactobacillaceae family are well documented to have various beneficial effects on health. Furthermore, changes in dietary metal intake, such as for zinc and iron, are frequently correlated with changes in abundance of Lactobacillaceae. Few studies have explored zinc requirements and zinc homeostasis mechanisms in Lactobacillaceae, however. Here we applied a bioinformatics approach to identify and compare predicted zinc uptake and efflux proteins in several Lactobacillaceae genera of intestinal relevance. Few Lactobacillaceae had zinc transporters currently annotated in proteomes retrieved from the UniProt database, but protein sequence-based homology searches revealed that high-affinity ABC transporter genes are likely common, albeit with genus-specific domain features. P-type ATPase transporters are probably also common and some Lactobacillaceae genera code for predicted zinc efflux cation diffusion facilitators. This analysis confirms that Lactobacillaceae harbor genes for various zinc transporter homologs, and provides a foundation for systematic experimental studies to elucidate zinc homeostasis mechanisms in these bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uyen Huynh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Hazel N Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Brittany K Trinh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Joanna Elhaj
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Melissa L Zastrow
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
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7
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Jiang Y, Li Z, Sui D, Sharma G, Wang T, MacRenaris K, Takahashi H, Merz K, Hu J. Rational engineering of an elevator-type metal transporter ZIP8 reveals a conditional selectivity filter critically involved in determining substrate specificity. Commun Biol 2023; 6:778. [PMID: 37495662 PMCID: PMC10372143 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05146-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Engineering of transporters to alter substrate specificity as desired holds great potential for applications, including metabolic engineering. However, the lack of knowledge on molecular mechanisms of substrate specificity hinders designing effective strategies for transporter engineering. Here, we applied an integrated approach to rationally alter the substrate preference of ZIP8, a Zrt-/Irt-like protein (ZIP) metal transporter with multiple natural substrates, and uncovered the determinants of substrate specificity. By systematically replacing the differentially conserved residues with the counterparts in the zinc transporter ZIP4, we created a zinc-preferring quadruple variant (Q180H/E343H/C310A/N357H), which exhibited largely reduced transport activities towards Cd2+, Fe2+, and Mn2+ whereas increased activity toward Zn2+. Combined mutagenesis, modeling, covariance analysis, and computational studies revealed a conditional selectivity filter which functions only when the transporter adopts the outward-facing conformation. The demonstrated approach for transporter engineering and the gained knowledge about substrate specificity will facilitate engineering and mechanistic studies of other transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Dexin Sui
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Gaurav Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Tianqi Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Keith MacRenaris
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Hideki Takahashi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Kenneth Merz
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Jian Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
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Jiang Y, Sui D, Hu J. Cell-based transport assay to study kinetics and substrate specificity of human ZIPs. Methods Enzymol 2023; 687:139-155. [PMID: 37666630 PMCID: PMC10999280 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2023.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Kinetic study of human ZIPs is crucial for understanding the transport mechanism and the molecular basis of substrate specificity. In this chapter, we describe the detailed experimental procedures for functional studies of two human ZIPs, including the zinc-preferring ZIP4 and the multi-metal transporter ZIP8, by using the cell-based transport assays. Kinetic study of ZIP4 is elaborated in the first section; in the second section, comparison of ZIP4 and ZIP8 in terms of the zinc/cadmium selectivity is performed by using an internal competition assay adapted from the established cell-based approach. The protocols provided in this chapter will facilitate mechanistic and engineering studies of the ZIPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Dexin Sui
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Jian Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States.
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9
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Ha N, Lee EJ. Manganese Transporter Proteins in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. J Microbiol 2023; 61:289-296. [PMID: 36862278 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-023-00027-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
The metal cofactors are essential for the function of many enzymes. The host restricts the metal acquisition of pathogens for their immunity and the pathogens have evolved many ways to obtain metal ions for their survival and growth. Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium also needs several metal cofactors for its survival, and manganese has been found to contribute to Salmonella pathogenesis. Manganese helps Salmonella withstand oxidative and nitrosative stresses. In addition, manganese affects glycolysis and the reductive TCA, which leads to the inhibition of energetic and biosynthetic metabolism. Therefore, manganese homeostasis is crucial for full virulence of Salmonella. Here, we summarize the current information about three importers and two exporters of manganese that have been identified in Salmonella. MntH, SitABCD, and ZupT have been shown to participate in manganese uptake. mntH and sitABCD are upregulated by low manganese concentration, oxidative stress, and host NRAMP1 level. mntH also contains a Mn2+-dependent riboswitch in its 5' UTR. Regulation of zupT expression requires further investigation. MntP and YiiP have been identified as manganese efflux proteins. mntP is transcriptionally activated by MntR at high manganese levels and repressed its activity by MntS at low manganese levels. Regulation of yiiP requires further analysis, but it has been shown that yiiP expression is not dependent on MntS. Besides these five transporters, there might be additional transporters that need to be identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nakyeong Ha
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Jin Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
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10
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Gangan MS, Naughton KL, Boedicker JQ. Utilizing a divalent metal ion transporter to control biogenic nanoparticle synthesis. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 50:kuad020. [PMID: 37587013 PMCID: PMC10481092 DOI: 10.1093/jimb/kuad020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Biogenic synthesis of inorganic nanomaterials has been demonstrated for both wild and engineered bacterial strains. In many systems the nucleation and growth of nanomaterials is poorly controlled and requires concentrations of heavy metals toxic to living cells. Here, we utilized the tools of synthetic biology to engineer a strain of Escherichia coli capable of synthesizing cadmium sulfide nanoparticles from low concentrations of reactants with control over the location of synthesis. Informed by simulations of bacterially-assisted nanoparticle synthesis, we created a strain of E. coli expressing a broad-spectrum divalent metal transporter, ZupT, and a synthetic CdS nucleating peptide. Expression of ZupT in the outer membrane and placement of the nucleating peptide in the periplasm focused synthesis within the periplasmic space and enabled sufficient nucleation and growth of nanoparticles at sub-toxic levels of the reactants. This strain synthesized internal CdS quantum dot nanoparticles with spherical morphology and an average diameter of approximately 3.3 nm. ONE-SENTENCE SUMMARY Expression of a metal ion transporter regulates synthesis of cadmium sulfide nanoparticles in bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manasi Subhash Gangan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Kyle L Naughton
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - James Q Boedicker
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
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11
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Zhang Y, Jiang Y, Gao K, Sui D, Yu P, Su M, Wei GW, Hu J. Structural insights into the elevator-type transport mechanism of a bacterial ZIP metal transporter. Nat Commun 2023; 14:385. [PMID: 36693843 PMCID: PMC9873690 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36048-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The Zrt-/Irt-like protein (ZIP) family consists of ubiquitously expressed divalent metal transporters critically involved in maintaining systemic and cellular homeostasis of zinc, iron, and manganese. Here, we present a study on a prokaryotic ZIP from Bordetella bronchiseptica (BbZIP) by combining structural biology, evolutionary covariance, computational modeling, and a variety of biochemical assays to tackle the issue of the transport mechanism which has not been established for the ZIP family. The apo state structure in an inward-facing conformation revealed a disassembled transport site, altered inter-helical interactions, and importantly, a rigid body movement of a 4-transmembrane helix (TM) bundle relative to the other TMs. The computationally generated and biochemically validated outward-facing conformation model revealed a slide of the 4-TM bundle, which carries the transport site(s), by approximately 8 Å toward the extracellular side against the static TMs which mediate dimerization. These findings allow us to conclude that BbZIP is an elevator-type transporter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Yuhan Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Kaifu Gao
- Department of Mathematics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Dexin Sui
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Peixuan Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Min Su
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Guo-Wei Wei
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Mathematics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Jian Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
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