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Zhang MQ, Yang Z, Dong YX, Zhu YL, Chen XY, Dai CC, Zhichun Z, Mei YZ. Expression of endogenous UDP-glucosyltransferase in endophyte Phomopsis liquidambaris reduces deoxynivalenol contamination in wheat. Fungal Genet Biol 2024; 173:103899. [PMID: 38802054 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2024.103899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Fusarium head blight is a devastating disease that causes severe yield loses and mycotoxin contamination in wheat grain. Additionally, balancing the trade-off between wheat production and disease resistance has proved challenging. This study aimed to expand the genetic tools of the endophyte Phomopsis liquidambaris against Fusarium graminearum. Specifically, we engineered a UDP-glucosyltransferase-expressing P. liquidambaris strain (PL-UGT) using ADE1 as a selection marker and obtained a deletion mutant using an inducible promoter that drives Cas9 expression. Our PL-UGT strain converted deoxynivalenol (DON) into DON-3-G in vitro at a rate of 71.4 % after 36 h. DON inactivation can be used to confer tolerance in planta. Wheat seedlings inoculated with endophytic strain PL-UGT showed improved growth compared with those inoculated with wildtype P. liquidambaris. Strain PL-UGT inhibited the growth of Fusarium graminearum and reduced infection rate to 15.7 %. Consistent with this finding, DON levels in wheat grains decreased from 14.25 to 0.56 μg/g when the flowers were pre-inoculated with PL-UGT and then infected with F. graminearum. The expression of UGT in P. liquidambaris was nontoxic and did not inhibit plant growth. Endophytes do not enter the seeds nor induce plant disease, thereby representing a novel approach to fungal disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Qian Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023 Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhi Yang
- Wuhan Sunhy Biology Co., Ltd.,Wuhan, 430000, Hubei, China
| | - Yu-Xin Dong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023 Jiangsu, China
| | - Ya-Li Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023 Jiangsu, China
| | - Xin-Yi Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023 Jiangsu, China
| | - Chuan-Chao Dai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023 Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhan Zhichun
- Wuhan Sunhy Biology Co., Ltd.,Wuhan, 430000, Hubei, China
| | - Yan-Zhen Mei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023 Jiangsu, China.
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2
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Ji Q, Liu Y, Chen C, Zhang H, Wang J, Mei K. Expression, purification, characterization and crystallization of Panax quinquefolius ginsenoside glycosyltransferase Pq3-O-UGT2. Protein Expr Purif 2024; 216:106430. [PMID: 38184160 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2024.106430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Pq3-O-UGT2, derived from Panax quinquefolius, functions as a ginsenoside glucosyltransferase, utilizing UDP-glucose (UDPG) as the sugar donor to catalyze the glycosylation of Rh2 and F2. An essential step in comprehending its catalytic mechanism involves structural analysis. In preparation for structural analysis, we expressed Pq3-O-UGT2 in the Escherichia coli (E. coli) strain Rosetta (DE3). The recombinant Pq3-O-UGT2 was purified through Ni-NTA affinity purification, a two-step ion exchange chromatography, and subsequently size-exclusion chromatography (SEC). Notably, the purified Pq3-O-UGT2 showed substantial activity toward Rh2 and F2, catalyzing the formation of Rg3 and Rd, respectively. This activity was discernible within a pH range of 4.0-9.0 and temperature range of 30-55 °C, with optimal conditions observed at pH 7.0-8.0 and 37 °C. The catalytic efficiency of Pq3-O-UGT2 toward Rh2 and F2 was 31.43 s-1 mΜ-1 and 169.31 s-1 mΜ-1, respectively. We further crystalized Pq3-O-UGT2 in both its apo form and co-crystalized forms with UDPG, Rh2 and F2, respectively. High-quality crystals were obtained and X-ray diffraction data was collected for all co-crystalized samples. Analysis of the diffraction data revealed that the crystal of Pq3-O-UGT2 co-crystalized with UDP-Glc belonged to space group P1, while the other two crystals belonged to space group P212121. Together, this study has laid a robust foundation for subsequent structural analysis of Pq3-O-UGT2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiushuang Ji
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
| | - Yirong Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
| | - Cheng Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
| | - Huanyu Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
| | - Juan Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
| | - Kunrong Mei
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
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3
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Lethe MCL, Bui D, Hu M, Wang X, Singh R, Chan CTY. Discovering New Substrates of a UDP-Glycosyltransferase with a High-Throughput Method. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2725. [PMID: 38473971 PMCID: PMC10931590 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
UDP-glycosyltransferases (UGTs) form a large enzyme family that is found in a wide range of organisms. These enzymes are known for accepting a wide variety of substrates, and they derivatize xenobiotics and metabolites for detoxification. However, most UGT homologs have not been well characterized, and their potential for biomedical and environmental applications is underexplored. In this work, we have used a fluorescent assay for screening substrates of a plant UGT homolog by monitoring the formation of UDP. We optimized the assay such that it could be used for high-throughput screening of substrates of the Medicago truncatula UGT enzyme, UGT71G1, and our results show that 34 of the 159 screened compound samples are potential substrates. With an LC-MS/MS method, we confirmed that three of these candidates indeed were glycosylated by UGT71G1, which includes bisphenol A (BPA) and 7-Ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin (SN-38); derivatization of these toxic compounds can lead to new environmental and medical applications. This work suggests that UGT homologs may recognize a substrate profile that is much broader than previously anticipated. Additionally, it demonstrates that this screening method provides a new means to study UDP-glycosyltransferases, facilitating the use of these enzymes to tackle a wide range of problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary C. L. Lethe
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of North Texas, 3940 N Elm Street, Denton, TX 76207, USA;
| | - Dinh Bui
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, 4349 Martin Luther King Boulevard, Houston, TX 77204, USA; (D.B.); (M.H.); (R.S.)
| | - Ming Hu
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, 4349 Martin Luther King Boulevard, Houston, TX 77204, USA; (D.B.); (M.H.); (R.S.)
| | - Xiaoqiang Wang
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle #305220, Denton, TX 76203, USA;
| | - Rashim Singh
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, 4349 Martin Luther King Boulevard, Houston, TX 77204, USA; (D.B.); (M.H.); (R.S.)
- Sanarentero LLC, 514 N. Elder Grove Drive, Pearland, TX 77584, USA
| | - Clement T. Y. Chan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of North Texas, 3940 N Elm Street, Denton, TX 76207, USA;
- BioDiscovery Institute, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle #305220, Denton, TX 76203, USA
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4
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Arriaza RH, Abiskaroon B, Patel M, Daneshian L, Kluza A, Snoeck S, Watkins MB, Hopkins JB, Van Leeuwen T, Grbic M, Grbic V, Borowski T, Chruszcz M. Structural and functional studies reveal the molecular basis of substrate promiscuity of a glycosyltransferase originating from a major agricultural pest. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105421. [PMID: 37923139 PMCID: PMC10731231 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae, is a major cosmopolitan pest that feeds on more than 1100 plant species. Its genome contains an unprecedentedly large number of genes involved in detoxifying and transporting xenobiotics, including 80 genes that code for UDP glycosyltransferases (UGTs). These enzymes were acquired via horizontal gene transfer from bacteria after loss in the Chelicerata lineage. UGTs are well-known for their role in phase II metabolism; however, their contribution to host adaptation and acaricide resistance in arthropods, such as T. urticae, is not yet resolved. TuUGT202A2 (Tetur22g00270) has been linked to the ability of this pest to adapt to tomato plants. Moreover, it was shown that this enzyme can glycosylate a wide range of flavonoids. To understand this relationship at the molecular level, structural, functional, and computational studies were performed. Structural studies provided specific snapshots of the enzyme in different catalytically relevant stages. The crystal structure of TuUGT202A2 in complex with UDP-glucose was obtained and site-directed mutagenesis paired with molecular dynamic simulations revealed a novel lid-like mechanism involved in the binding of the activated sugar donor. Two additional TuUGT202A2 crystal complexes, UDP-(S)-naringenin and UDP-naringin, demonstrated that this enzyme has a highly plastic and open-ended acceptor-binding site. Overall, this work reveals the molecular basis of substrate promiscuity of TuUGT202A2 and provides novel insights into the structural mechanism of UGTs catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Hernandez Arriaza
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Brendan Abiskaroon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Megha Patel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Leily Daneshian
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Anna Kluza
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Science, Krakow, Poland
| | - Simon Snoeck
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Maxwell B Watkins
- The Biophysics Collaborative Access Team (BioCAT), Department of Physics, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jesse B Hopkins
- The Biophysics Collaborative Access Team (BioCAT), Department of Physics, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Thomas Van Leeuwen
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Miodrag Grbic
- Department of Biology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; University of La Rioja, Logrono, Spain
| | - Vojislava Grbic
- Department of Biology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tomasz Borowski
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Science, Krakow, Poland
| | - Maksymilian Chruszcz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA.
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Sun H, He Z, Xiong D, Long M. Mechanisms by which microbial enzymes degrade four mycotoxins and application in animal production: A review. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2023; 15:256-274. [PMID: 38033608 PMCID: PMC10685049 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2023.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Mycotoxins are toxic compounds that pose a serious threat to animal health and food safety. Therefore, there is an urgent need for safe and efficient methods of detoxifying mycotoxins. As biotechnology has continued to develop, methods involving biological enzymes have shown great promise. Biological enzymatic methods, which can fundamentally destroy the structures of mycotoxins and produce degradation products whose toxicity is greatly reduced, are generally more specific, efficient, and environmentally friendly. Mycotoxin-degrading enzymes can thus facilitate the safe and effective detoxification of mycotoxins which gives them a huge advantage over other methods. This article summarizes the newly discovered degrading enzymes that can degrade four common mycotoxins (aflatoxins, zearalenone, deoxynivalenol, and ochratoxin A) in the past five years, and reveals the degradation mechanism of degrading enzymes on four mycotoxins, as well as their positive effects on animal production. This review will provide a theoretical basis for the safe treatment of mycotoxins by using biological enzyme technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiying Sun
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Ruminant Infectious Disease Prevention and Control (East), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Ziqi He
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Ruminant Infectious Disease Prevention and Control (East), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Dongwei Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Ruminant Infectious Disease Prevention and Control (East), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Miao Long
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Ruminant Infectious Disease Prevention and Control (East), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
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6
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Bethke G, Huang Y, Hensel G, Heinen S, Liu C, Wyant SR, Li X, Quin MB, McCormick S, Morrell PL, Dong Y, Kumlehn J, Salvi S, Berthiller F, Muehlbauer GJ. UDP-glucosyltransferase HvUGT13248 confers type II resistance to Fusarium graminearum in barley. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 193:2691-2710. [PMID: 37610244 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium head blight (FHB) of barley (Hordeum vulgare) causes yield losses and accumulation of trichothecene mycotoxins (e.g. deoxynivalenol [DON]) in grains. Glucosylation of DON to the nontoxic DON-3-O-glucoside (D3G) is catalyzed by UDP-glucosyltransferases (UGTs), such as barley UGT13248. We explored the natural diversity of UGT13248 in 496 barley accessions and showed that all carried potential functional alleles of UGT13248, as no genotypes showed strongly increased seedling sensitivity to DON. From a TILLING population, we identified 2 mutant alleles (T368I and H369Y) that, based on protein modeling, likely affect the UDP-glucose binding of UGT13248. In DON feeding experiments, DON-to-D3G conversion was strongly reduced in spikes of these mutants compared to controls, and plants overexpressing UGT13248 showed increased resistance to DON and increased DON-to-D3G conversion. Moreover, field-grown plants carrying the T368I or H369Y mutations inoculated with Fusarium graminearum showed increased FHB disease severity and reduced D3G production. Barley is generally considered to have type II resistance that limits the spread of F. graminearum from the infected spikelet to adjacent spikelets. Point inoculation experiments with F. graminearum showed increased infection spread in T368I and H369Y across the spike compared to wild type, while overexpression plants showed decreased spread of FHB symptoms. Confocal microscopy revealed that F. graminearum spread to distant rachis nodes in T368I and H369Y mutants but was arrested at the rachis node of the inoculated spikelet in wild-type plants. Taken together, our data reveal that UGT13248 confers type II resistance to FHB in barley via conjugation of DON to D3G.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerit Bethke
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Yadong Huang
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Goetz Hensel
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Plant Reproductive Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben 06466, Germany
| | - Shane Heinen
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Chaochih Liu
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Skylar R Wyant
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Maureen B Quin
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Biotechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Susan McCormick
- Mycotoxin Prevention and Applied Microbiology Research, USDA-ARS NCAUR, Peoria, IL 61604, USA
| | - Peter L Morrell
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Yanhong Dong
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Jochen Kumlehn
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Plant Reproductive Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben 06466, Germany
| | - Silvio Salvi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Franz Berthiller
- Department of Agrobiotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Tulln 3430, Austria
| | - Gary J Muehlbauer
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
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7
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Wang M, Ji Q, Lai B, Liu Y, Mei K. Structure-function and engineering of plant UDP-glycosyltransferase. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2023; 21:5358-5371. [PMID: 37965058 PMCID: PMC10641439 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.10.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural products synthesized by plants have substantial industrial and medicinal values and are therefore attracting increasing interest in various related industries. Among the key enzyme families involved in the biosynthesis of natural products, uridine diphosphate-dependent glycosyltransferases (UGTs) play a crucial role in plants. In recent years, significant efforts have been made to elucidate the catalytic mechanisms and substrate recognition of plant UGTs and to improve them for desired functions. In this review, we presented a comprehensive overview of all currently published structures of plant UGTs, along with in-depth analyses of the corresponding catalytic and substrate recognition mechanisms. In addition, we summarized and evaluated the protein engineering strategies applied to improve the catalytic activities of plant UGTs, with a particular focus on high-throughput screening methods. The primary objective of this review is to provide readers with a comprehensive understanding of plant UGTs and to serve as a valuable reference for the latest techniques used to improve their activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengya Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Qiushuang Ji
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Bin Lai
- BMBF junior research group Biophotovoltaics, Department of Environmental Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig 04318, Germany
| | - Yirong Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Kunrong Mei
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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8
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Gharabli H, Della Gala V, Welner DH. The function of UDP-glycosyltransferases in plants and their possible use in crop protection. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 67:108182. [PMID: 37268151 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Glycosyltransferases catalyse the transfer of a glycosyl moiety from a donor to an acceptor. Members of this enzyme class are ubiquitous throughout all kingdoms of life and are involved in the biosynthesis of countless types of glycosides. Family 1 glycosyltransferases, also referred to as uridine diphosphate-dependent glycosyltransferases (UGTs), glycosylate small molecules such as secondary metabolites and xenobiotics. In plants, UGTs are recognised for their multiple functionalities ranging from roles in growth regulation and development, in protection against pathogens and abiotic stresses and in adaptation to changing environments. In this study, we review UGT-mediated glycosylation of phytohormones, endogenous secondary metabolites, and xenobiotics and contextualise the role this chemical modification plays in the response to biotic and abiotic stresses and plant fitness. Here, the potential advantages and drawbacks of altering the expression patterns of specific UGTs along with the heterologous expression of UGTs across plant species to improve stress tolerance in plants are discussed. We conclude that UGT-based genetic modification of plants could potentially enhance agricultural efficiency and take part in controlling the biological activity of xenobiotics in bioremediation strategies. However, more knowledge of the intricate interplay between UGTs in plants is needed to unlock the full potential of UGTs in crop resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hani Gharabli
- The Novo Nordisk Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 220, Kgs. Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark
| | - Valeria Della Gala
- The Novo Nordisk Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 220, Kgs. Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark
| | - Ditte Hededam Welner
- The Novo Nordisk Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 220, Kgs. Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark.
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9
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Robinson KA, St-Jacques AD, Shields SW, Sproule A, Demissie ZA, Overy DP, Loewen MC. Multiple Clonostachys rosea UDP-Glycosyltransferases Contribute to the Production of 15-Acetyl-Deoxynivalenol-3-O-Glycoside When Confronted with Fusarium graminearum. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:723. [PMID: 37504712 PMCID: PMC10381798 DOI: 10.3390/jof9070723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycotoxins, derived from toxigenic fungi such as Fusarium, Aspergillus, and Penicillium species have impacted the human food chain for thousands of years. Deoxynivalenol (DON), is a tetracyclic sesquiterpenoid type B trichothecene mycotoxin predominantly produced by F. culmorum and F. graminearum during the infection of corn, wheat, oats, barley, and rice. Glycosylation of DON is a protective detoxification mechanism employed by plants. More recently, DON glycosylating activity has also been detected in fungal microparasitic (biocontrol) fungal organisms. Here we follow up on the reported conversion of 15-acetyl-DON (15-ADON) into 15-ADON-3-O-glycoside (15-ADON-3G) in Clonostachys rosea. Based on the hypothesis that the reaction is likely being carried out by a uridine diphosphate glycosyl transferase (UDP-GTase), we applied a protein structural comparison strategy, leveraging the availability of the crystal structure of rice Os70 to identify a subset of potential C. rosea UDP-GTases that might have activity against 15-ADON. Using CRISPR/Cas9 technology, we knocked out several of the selected UDP-GTases in the C. rosea strain ACM941. Evaluation of the impact of knockouts on the production of 15-ADON-3G in confrontation assays with F. graminearum revealed multiple UDP-GTase enzymes, each contributing partial activities. The relationship between these positive hits and other UDP-GTases in fungal and plant species is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly A Robinson
- Aquatic and Crop Resources Development Research Center, National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Antony D St-Jacques
- Aquatic and Crop Resources Development Research Center, National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Sam W Shields
- Ottawa Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0Z2, Canada
| | - Amanda Sproule
- Ottawa Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0Z2, Canada
| | - Zerihun A Demissie
- Aquatic and Crop Resources Development Research Center, National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - David P Overy
- Ottawa Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0Z2, Canada
| | - Michele C Loewen
- Aquatic and Crop Resources Development Research Center, National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada
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10
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Daud N, Currie V, Duncan G, Filipe JAN, Yoshinari T, Stoddart G, Roberts D, Gratz SW. Free and Modified Mycotoxins in Organic and Conventional Oats (Avena sativa L.) Grown in Scotland. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:toxins15040247. [PMID: 37104186 PMCID: PMC10146303 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15040247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Small grain cereals are frequently infected with mycotoxigenic Fusarium fungi. Oats have a particularly high risk of contamination with type A trichothecene mycotoxins; their glucoside conjugates have also been reported. Agronomy practices, cereal variety and weather conditions have been suggested to play a role in Fusarium infection in oats. The current study investigates concentrations of free and conjugated Fusarium mycotoxins in organic and conventional oats grown in Scotland. In 2019, 33 milling oat samples (12 organic, 21 conventional) were collected from farmers across Scotland, together with sample questionnaires. Samples were analysed for 12 mycotoxins (type A trichothecenes T-2-toxin, HT-2-toxin, diacetoxyscirpenol; type B trichothecenes deoxynivalenol, nivalenol; zearalenone and their respective glucosides) using LC-MS/MS. The prevalence of type A trichothecenes T-2/HT-2 was very high (100% of conventional oats, 83% of organic oats), whereas type B trichothecenes were less prevalent, and zearalenone was rarely found. T-2-glucoside and deoxynivalenol-glucoside were the most prevalent conjugated mycotoxins (36 and 33%), and co-occurrence between type A and B trichothecenes were frequently observed (66% of samples). Organic oats were contaminated at significantly lower average concentrations than conventional oats, whereas the effect of weather parameters were not statistically significant. Our results clearly indicate that free and conjugated T-2- and HT-2-toxins pose a major risk to Scottish oat production and that organic production and crop rotation offer potential mitigation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noshin Daud
- Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill Health Campus, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Valerie Currie
- Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill Health Campus, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Gary Duncan
- Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill Health Campus, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Joao A. N. Filipe
- Biomathematics & Statistics Scotland, Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill Health Campus, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Tomoya Yoshinari
- Division of Microbiology, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki-shi 210-9501, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Gary Stoddart
- Scottish Organic Producers Association (SOPA), Perth PH2 8BX, UK
| | - Deborah Roberts
- Scottish Organic Producers Association (SOPA), Perth PH2 8BX, UK
| | - Silvia W. Gratz
- Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill Health Campus, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
- Correspondence:
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11
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UDP-Glycosyltransferases in Edible Fungi: Function, Structure, and Catalytic Mechanism. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation9020164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
UDP-glycosyltransferases (UGTs) are the most studied glycosyltransferases, and belong to large GT1 family performing the key roles in antibiotic synthesis, the development of bacterial glycosyltransferase inhibitors, and in animal inflammation. They transfer the glycosyl groups from nucleotide UDP-sugars (UDP-glucose, UDP-galactose, UDP-xylose, and UDP-rhamnose) to the acceptors including saccharides, proteins, lipids, and secondary metabolites. The present review summarized the recent of UDP-glycosyltransferases, including their structures, functions, and catalytic mechanism, especially in edible fungi. The future perspectives and new challenges were also summarized to understand of their structure–function relationships in the future. The outputs in this field could provide a reference to recognize function, structure, and catalytic mechanism of UDP-glycosyltransferases for understanding the biosynthesis pathways of secondary metabolites, such as hydrocarbons, monoterpenes, sesquiterpene, and polysaccharides in edible fungi.
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12
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Recent advances on formation, transformation, occurrence, and analytical strategy of modified mycotoxins in cereals and their products. Food Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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13
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Navale VD, Vamkudoth K. Toxicity and preventive approaches of Fusarium derived mycotoxins using lactic acid bacteria: state of the art. Biotechnol Lett 2022; 44:1111-1126. [PMID: 36006577 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-022-03293-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Mycotoxin contamination of food and feed is a serious food safety issue and causes acute and chronic diseases in humans and livestock. Climatic and agronomic changes helps in the proliferation of fungal growth and mycotoxin production in food commodities. Mycotoxin contamination has attracted global attention due to its wide range of toxicity to humans and animals. However, physical and chemical management approaches in practice are unsafe for well-being due to their health-hazardous nature. Various antibiotics and preservatives are in use to reduce the microbial load and improve the shelf life of food products. In addition, the use of antibiotic growth promotors in livestock production may increase the risk of antimicrobial resistance, which is a global health concern. Due to their many uses, probiotics are helpful microbes that have a significant impact on food and nutrition. Furthermore, the probiotic potential of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) is employed in various food and feed preparations to neutralize mycotoxins, antimicrobial activities, balance the gut microbiome, and various immunomodulatory activities in both humans and livestock. In addition, LAB produces various antimicrobials, flavouring agents, peptides, and proteins linked to various food and health care applications. The LAB-based processes for mycotoxin management are more effective, eco-friendly, and low-cost than physical and chemical approaches. The toxicity, novel preventive measures, binding nature, and molecular mechanisms of mycotoxins' detoxification using LAB have been highlighted in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishwambar D Navale
- Biochemical Sciences Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 411008, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, New Delhi, India
| | - KoteswaraRao Vamkudoth
- Biochemical Sciences Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 411008, India. .,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, New Delhi, India.
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14
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Teze D, Bidart GN, Welner DH. Family 1 glycosyltransferases (GT1, UGTs) are subject to dilution-induced inactivation and low chemo stability toward their own acceptor substrates. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:909659. [PMID: 35936788 PMCID: PMC9354691 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.909659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosylation reactions are essential but challenging from a conventional chemistry standpoint. Conversely, they are biotechnologically feasible as glycosyltransferases can transfer sugar to an acceptor with perfect regio- and stereo-selectivity, quantitative yields, in a single reaction and under mild conditions. Low stability is often alleged to be a limitation to the biotechnological application of glycosyltransferases. Here we show that these enzymes are not necessarily intrinsically unstable, but that they present both dilution-induced inactivation and low chemostability towards their own acceptor substrates, and that these two phenomena are synergistic. We assessed 18 distinct GT1 enzymes against three unrelated acceptors (apigenin, resveratrol, and scopoletin—respectively a flavone, a stilbene, and a coumarin), resulting in a total of 54 enzymes: substrate pairs. For each pair, we varied catalyst and acceptor concentrations to obtain 16 different reaction conditions. Fifteen of the assayed enzymes (83%) displayed both low chemostability against at least one of the assayed acceptors at submillimolar concentrations, and dilution-induced inactivation. Furthermore, sensitivity to reaction conditions seems to be related to the thermal stability of the enzymes, the three unaffected enzymes having melting temperatures above 55°C, whereas the full enzyme panel ranged from 37.4 to 61.7°C. These results are important for GT1 understanding and engineering, as well as for discovery efforts and biotechnological use.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Teze
- *Correspondence: David Teze, ; Ditte Hededam Welner,
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15
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Bryła M, Stępniewska S, Modrzewska M, Waśkiewicz A, Podolska G, Ksieniewicz-Woźniak E, Yoshinari T, Stępień Ł, Urbaniak M, Roszko M, Gwiazdowski R, Kanabus J, Pierzgalski A. Dynamics of Deoxynivalenol and Nivalenol Glucosylation in Wheat Cultivars Infected with Fusarium culmorum in Field Conditions─A 3 Year Study (2018-2020). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:4291-4302. [PMID: 35362967 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c00314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium head blight (FHB) caused by pathogenic species of Fusarium fungi is one of the most important diseases of cereal plants and a factor contributing to losses in plant production. The growth of FHB-associated species is often accompanied by biosynthesis of secondary metabolites─mycotoxins, which serve as a virulence factor. The aim of the study was to evaluate the ratios between deoxynivalenol (DON) and nivalenol (NIV) and their derivatives in the ears of six cultivars of winter wheat with varying resistance to FHB, taking into account a range of factors (weather conditions, location, cultivar, and year) after inoculation with Fusarium culmorum, during a 3 year field experiment, 2018-2020. The presence of toxins in the ears was measured within 21 days of inoculation. The toxins were found in the ears as soon as on the third day from the start of the experiment, whereas relative humidity higher than 80% was a decisive factor for FHB incidence. All wheat cultivars showed the ability to biotransform DON and NIV present in the ears to glucosides, that is, deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside (DON-3G) and nivalenol-3-glucoside (NIV-3G). The levels of these metabolites showed significant correlation with the levels of their basic analogues. In most cases, higher levels of DON and NIV in wheat ears and higher levels of their metabolites were observed, but the relative levels of DON-3G/DON and NIV-3G/NIV at relatively high levels of toxins were lower compared to the ear samples with relatively low toxin levels. The presented results are the first studies, which systematically correlate a variety of wheat cultivars with their extent to glucosylate trichothecenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Bryła
- Department of Food Safety and Chemical Analysis, Prof. Waclaw Dabrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology─State Research Institute, Rakowiecka 36, Warsaw 02-532, Poland
| | - Sylwia Stępniewska
- Department of Grain Processing and Bakery, Prof. Waclaw Dabrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology─State Research Institute, Rakowiecka 36, Warsaw 02-532, Poland
| | - Marta Modrzewska
- Department of Food Safety and Chemical Analysis, Prof. Waclaw Dabrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology─State Research Institute, Rakowiecka 36, Warsaw 02-532, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Waśkiewicz
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 75, Poznan 60-625, Poland
| | - Grażyna Podolska
- Department of Cereal Crop Production, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation─State Research Institute, Czartoryskich 8, Pulawy 24-100, Poland
| | - Edyta Ksieniewicz-Woźniak
- Department of Food Safety and Chemical Analysis, Prof. Waclaw Dabrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology─State Research Institute, Rakowiecka 36, Warsaw 02-532, Poland
| | - Tomoya Yoshinari
- Division of Microbiology, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan
| | - Łukasz Stępień
- Department of Plant-Pathogen Interaction, Institute of Plant Genetics of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 34, Poznan 60-479, Poland
| | - Monika Urbaniak
- Department of Plant-Pathogen Interaction, Institute of Plant Genetics of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 34, Poznan 60-479, Poland
| | - Marek Roszko
- Department of Food Safety and Chemical Analysis, Prof. Waclaw Dabrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology─State Research Institute, Rakowiecka 36, Warsaw 02-532, Poland
| | - Romuald Gwiazdowski
- Research Centre for Registration of Agrochemicals, Institute of Plant Protection-National Research Institute, Wladysława Wegorka 20, Poznan 60-318, Poland
| | - Joanna Kanabus
- Department of Food Safety and Chemical Analysis, Prof. Waclaw Dabrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology─State Research Institute, Rakowiecka 36, Warsaw 02-532, Poland
| | - Adam Pierzgalski
- Department of Food Safety and Chemical Analysis, Prof. Waclaw Dabrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology─State Research Institute, Rakowiecka 36, Warsaw 02-532, Poland
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16
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He B, Bai X, Tan Y, Xie W, Feng Y, Yang GY. Glycosyltransferases: Mining, engineering and applications in biosynthesis of glycosylated plant natural products. Synth Syst Biotechnol 2022; 7:602-620. [PMID: 35261926 PMCID: PMC8883072 DOI: 10.1016/j.synbio.2022.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
UDP-Glycosyltransferases (UGTs) catalyze the transfer of nucleotide-activated sugars to specific acceptors, among which the GT1 family enzymes are well-known for their function in biosynthesis of natural product glycosides. Elucidating GT function represents necessary step in metabolic engineering of aglycone glycosylation to produce drug leads, cosmetics, nutrients and sweeteners. In this review, we systematically summarize the phylogenetic distribution and catalytic diversity of plant GTs. We also discuss recent progress in the identification of novel GT candidates for synthesis of plant natural products (PNPs) using multi-omics technology and deep learning predicted models. We also highlight recent advances in rational design and directed evolution engineering strategies for new or improved GT functions. Finally, we cover recent breakthroughs in the application of GTs for microbial biosynthesis of some representative glycosylated PNPs, including flavonoid glycosides (fisetin 3-O-glycosides, astragalin, scutellarein 7-O-glucoside), terpenoid glycosides (rebaudioside A, ginsenosides) and polyketide glycosides (salidroside, polydatin).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo He
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xue Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yumeng Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Wentao Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Guang-Yu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
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17
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Huang W, He Y, Jiang R, Deng Z, Long F. Functional and Structural Dissection of a Plant Steroid 3-O-Glycosyltransferase Facilitated the Engineering Enhancement of Sugar Donor Promiscuity. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c05729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yue He
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Renwang Jiang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zixin Deng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Feng Long
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
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18
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Mao Y, Chen Z, Ren Y, Sun Y, Wang Y. Whole-Cell Biocatalyst for Rubusoside Production in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:13155-13163. [PMID: 34699718 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c04873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Rubusoside (Rub) is a highly sweet diterpene glycoside mainly isolated from the leaves of Rubus suavissimus (Rosaceae). It has been used as a low-calorie natural sweetener for decades and was recently found to be a potential drug lead. In this study, we designed a whole-cell biocatalyst to achieve the glycosylation of steviol to Rub in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The sucrose synthases were applied to construct a uridine diphosphate glucose regeneration system, which were coupled with optimal combinations of different uridine diphosphate (UDP) glycosyltransferases from multiple plant species. After optimization of reaction conditions, the residues in SrUGT74G1 probably influencing glycosylation efficiency were subjected to site-directed mutagenesis. Double mutations of S84A/E87A reduced the accumulation of intermediates, finally glucosylating 1.27 g/L steviol to 0.45 ± 0.06 g/L steviolmonoside (conversion rate = 23.3%) and 1.92 ± 0.17 g/L Rub (conversion rate = 74.9%). A high efficiency of Rub biosynthesis could be achieved without supply of additional UDPG. This work provided the first example of multi-step glycosylation reactions in whole-cell biocatalysis, which laid a foundation of scalable production of the value-added diterpene sweetener in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Mao
- East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yuhong Ren
- East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yuwei Sun
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yong Wang
- East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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19
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Kurze E, Wüst M, Liao J, McGraphery K, Hoffmann T, Song C, Schwab W. Structure-function relationship of terpenoid glycosyltransferases from plants. Nat Prod Rep 2021; 39:389-409. [PMID: 34486004 DOI: 10.1039/d1np00038a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Covering: up to 2021Terpenoids are physiologically active substances that are of great importance to humans. Their physicochemical properties are modified by glycosylation, in terms of polarity, volatility, solubility and reactivity, and their bioactivities are altered accordingly. Significant scientific progress has been made in the functional study of glycosylated terpenes and numerous plant enzymes involved in regio- and enantioselective glycosylation have been characterized, a reaction that remains chemically challenging. Crucial clues to the mechanism of terpenoid glycosylation were recently provided by the first crystal structures of a diterpene glycosyltransferase UGT76G1. Here, we review biochemically characterized terpenoid glycosyltransferases, compare their functions and primary structures, discuss their acceptor and donor substrate tolerance and product specificity, and elaborate features of the 3D structures of the first terpenoid glycosyltransferases from plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Kurze
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technische Universität München, Liesel-Beckmann-Str. 1, 85354 Freising, Germany.
| | - Matthias Wüst
- Chair of Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional and Food Sciences, University of Bonn, Endenicher Allee 19C, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Jieren Liao
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technische Universität München, Liesel-Beckmann-Str. 1, 85354 Freising, Germany.
| | - Kate McGraphery
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technische Universität München, Liesel-Beckmann-Str. 1, 85354 Freising, Germany.
| | - Thomas Hoffmann
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technische Universität München, Liesel-Beckmann-Str. 1, 85354 Freising, Germany.
| | - Chuankui Song
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University Hefei, Anhui 230036, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wilfried Schwab
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technische Universität München, Liesel-Beckmann-Str. 1, 85354 Freising, Germany. .,State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University Hefei, Anhui 230036, People's Republic of China.
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20
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Structural modeling of two plant UDP-dependent sugar-sugar glycosyltransferases reveals a conserved glutamic acid residue that is a hallmark for sugar acceptor recognition. J Struct Biol 2021; 213:107777. [PMID: 34391905 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2021.107777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Glycosylation is one of the common modifications of plant metabolites, playing a major role in the chemical/biological diversity of a wide range of compounds. Plant metabolite glycosylation is catalyzed almost exclusively by glycosyltransferases, mainly by Uridine-diphosphate dependent Glycosyltransferases (UGTs). Several X-ray structures have been determined for primary glycosyltransferases, however, little is known regarding structure-function aspects of sugar-sugar/branch-forming O-linked UGTs (SBGTs) that catalyze the transfer of a sugar from the UDP-sugar donor to an acceptor sugar moiety of a previously glycosylated metabolite substrate. In this study we developed novel insights into the structural basis for SBGT catalytic activity by modelling the 3d-structures of two enzymes; a rhamnosyl-transferase Cs1,6RhaT - that catalyzes rhamnosylation of flavonoid-3-glucosides and flavonoid-7-glucosides and a UGT94D1 - that catalyzes glucosylation of (+)-Sesaminol 2-O-β-d-glucoside at the C6 of the primary sugar moiety. Based on these structural models and docking studies a glutamate (E290 or E268 in Cs1,6RhaT or UGT94D1, respectively) and a tryptophan (W28 or W15 in Cs1,6RhaT or UGT94D1, respectively) appear to interact with the sugar acceptor and are suggested to be important for the recognition of the sugar-moiety of the acceptor-substrate. Functional analysis of substitution mutants for the glutamate and tryptophan residues in Cs1,6RhaT further support their role in determining sugar-sugar/branch-forming GT specificity. Phylogenetic analysis of the UGT family in plants demonstrates that the glutamic-acid residue is a hallmark of SBGTs that is entirely absent from the corresponding position in primary UGTs.
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21
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Zhao JN, Wang RF, Zhao SJ, Wang ZT. Advance in glycosyltransferases, the important bioparts for production of diversified ginsenosides. Chin J Nat Med 2021; 18:643-658. [PMID: 32928508 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(20)60003-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ginsenosides are a series of glycosylated triterpenoids predominantly originated from Panax species with multiple pharmacological activities such as anti-aging, mediatory effect on the immune system and the nervous system. During the biosynthesis of ginsenosides, glycosyltransferases play essential roles by transferring various sugar moieties to the sapogenins in contributing to form structure and bioactivity diversified ginsenosides, which makes them important bioparts for synthetic biology-based production of these valuable ginsenosides. In this review, we summarized the functional elucidated glycosyltransferases responsible for ginsenoside biosynthesis, the advance in the protein engineering of UDP-glycosyltransferases (UGTs) and their application with the aim to provide in-depth understanding on ginsenoside-related UGTs for the production of rare ginsenosides applying synthetic biology-based microbial cell factories in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Ning Zhao
- The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources & Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ru-Feng Wang
- The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources & Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Shu-Juan Zhao
- The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources & Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Zheng-Tao Wang
- The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources & Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
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22
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Daud N, Currie V, Duncan G, Farquharson F, Yoshinari T, Louis P, Gratz SW. Prevalent Human Gut Bacteria Hydrolyse and Metabolise Important Food-Derived Mycotoxins and Masked Mycotoxins. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12100654. [PMID: 33066173 PMCID: PMC7601956 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12100654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycotoxins are important food contaminants that commonly co-occur with modified mycotoxins such as mycotoxin-glucosides in contaminated cereal grains. These masked mycotoxins are less toxic, but their breakdown and release of unconjugated mycotoxins has been shown by mixed gut microbiota of humans and animals. The role of different bacteria in hydrolysing mycotoxin-glucosides is unknown, and this study therefore investigated fourteen strains of human gut bacteria for their ability to break down masked mycotoxins. Individual bacterial strains were incubated anaerobically with masked mycotoxins (deoxynivalenol-3-β-glucoside, DON-Glc; nivalenol-3-β-glucoside, NIV-Glc; HT-2-β-glucoside, HT-2-Glc; diacetoxyscirpenol-α-glucoside, DAS-Glc), or unconjugated mycotoxins (DON, NIV, HT-2, T-2, and DAS) for up to 48 h. Bacterial growth, hydrolysis of mycotoxin-glucosides and further metabolism of mycotoxins were assessed. We found no impact of any mycotoxin on bacterial growth. We have demonstrated that Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, Roseburia intestinalis and Eubacterium rectale hydrolyse DON-Glc, HT-2 Glc, and NIV-Glc efficiently and have confirmed this activity in Bifidobacterium adolescentis and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (DON-Glc only). Prevotella copri and B. fibrisolvens efficiently de-acetylated T-2 and DAS, but none of the bacteria were capable of de-epoxydation or hydrolysis of α-glucosides. In summary we have identified key bacteria involved in hydrolysing mycotoxin-glucosides and de-acetylating type A trichothecenes in the human gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noshin Daud
- Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK; (N.D.); (V.C.); (G.D.); (F.F.); (P.L.)
| | - Valerie Currie
- Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK; (N.D.); (V.C.); (G.D.); (F.F.); (P.L.)
| | - Gary Duncan
- Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK; (N.D.); (V.C.); (G.D.); (F.F.); (P.L.)
| | - Freda Farquharson
- Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK; (N.D.); (V.C.); (G.D.); (F.F.); (P.L.)
| | - Tomoya Yoshinari
- Division of Microbiology, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan;
| | - Petra Louis
- Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK; (N.D.); (V.C.); (G.D.); (F.F.); (P.L.)
| | - Silvia W. Gratz
- Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK; (N.D.); (V.C.); (G.D.); (F.F.); (P.L.)
- Correspondence:
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Akere A, Chen SH, Liu X, Chen Y, Dantu SC, Pandini A, Bhowmik D, Haider S. Structure-based enzyme engineering improves donor-substrate recognition of Arabidopsis thaliana glycosyltransferases. Biochem J 2020; 477:2791-2805. [PMID: 32657326 PMCID: PMC7419078 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20200477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Glycosylation of secondary metabolites involves plant UDP-dependent glycosyltransferases (UGTs). UGTs have shown promise as catalysts in the synthesis of glycosides for medical treatment. However, limited understanding at the molecular level due to insufficient biochemical and structural information has hindered potential applications of most of these UGTs. In the absence of experimental crystal structures, we employed advanced molecular modeling and simulations in conjunction with biochemical characterization to design a workflow to study five Group H Arabidopsis thaliana (76E1, 76E2, 76E4, 76E5, 76D1) UGTs. Based on our rational structural manipulation and analysis, we identified key amino acids (P129 in 76D1; D374 in 76E2; K275 in 76E4), which when mutated improved donor substrate recognition than wildtype UGTs. Molecular dynamics simulations and deep learning analysis identified structural differences, which drive substrate preferences. The design of these UGTs with broader substrate specificity may play important role in biotechnological and industrial applications. These findings can also serve as basis to study other plant UGTs and thereby advancing UGT enzyme engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aishat Akere
- Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry, UCL School of Pharmacy, London WC1N 1AX, U.K
| | - Serena H. Chen
- Computational Sciences and Engineering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, U.S.A
| | - Xiaohan Liu
- Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry, UCL School of Pharmacy, London WC1N 1AX, U.K
| | - Yanger Chen
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | | | - Alessandro Pandini
- Department of Computer Science, Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, U.K
| | - Debsindhu Bhowmik
- Computational Sciences and Engineering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, U.S.A
| | - Shozeb Haider
- Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry, UCL School of Pharmacy, London WC1N 1AX, U.K
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24
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Maharjan R, Fukuda Y, Nakayama T, Nakayama T, Hamada H, Ozaki SI, Inoue T. Crown-ether-mediated crystal structures of the glycosyltransferase PaGT3 from Phytolacca americana. Acta Crystallogr D Struct Biol 2020; 76:521-530. [PMID: 32496214 DOI: 10.1107/s2059798320005306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Uridine diphosphate glycosyltransferases (UGTs) are ubiquitous enzymes that are involved in the glycosylation of small molecules. As glycosylation improves the water solubility and stability of hydrophobic compounds, interest in the use of UGTs for the synthesis of glycosides of poorly soluble compounds is increasing. While sugar-donor recognition in UGTs is conserved with the presence of a plant secondary product glycosyltransferase (PSPG) motif, the basis of the recognition of the sugar acceptor and the regioselectivity of the products is poorly understood owing to low sequence identity around the acceptor-binding region. PaGT3, a glycosyltransferase from the plant Phytolacca americana, can glycosylate a range of acceptors. To illustrate the structure-function relationship of PaGT3, its crystal structure was determined. The sugar-donor and sugar-acceptor binding pockets in PaGT3 were recognized by comparison of its structure with those of other UGTs. The key feature of PaGT3 was the presence of longer loop regions around the hydrophobic acceptor-binding pocket, which resulted in a flexible and wider acceptor binding pocket. In this study, PaGT3 crystals were grown by co-crystallization with 18-crown-6 ether or 15-crown-5 ether. The crown-ether molecule in the asymmetric unit was observed to form a complex with a metal ion, which was coordinated on two sides by the main-chain O atoms of Glu238 from two molecules of the protein. The crown ether-metal complex resembles a molecular glue that sticks two molecules of PaGT3 together to enhance crystal growth. Thus, this result provides an insight into the substrate-recognition strategy in PaGT3 for the study of glycosyltransferases. Additionally, it is shown that crown ether-metal ion complexes can be used as a molecular glue for the crystallization of proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Maharjan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yohta Fukuda
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Taisuke Nakayama
- National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0085, Japan
| | - Toru Nakayama
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Hiroki Hamada
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science, Okayama University of Science, Okayama 700-0005, Japan
| | - Shin Ichi Ozaki
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Inoue
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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Smith A, Page BDG, Collier AC, Coughtrie MWH. Homology Modeling of Human Uridine-5'-diphosphate-glucuronosyltransferase 1A6 Reveals Insights into Factors Influencing Substrate and Cosubstrate Binding. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:6872-6887. [PMID: 32258923 PMCID: PMC7114752 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c00205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The elimination of numerous endogenous compounds and xenobiotics via glucuronidation by uridine-5'-diphosphate glycosyltransferase enzymes (UGTs) is an essential process of the body's chemical defense system. UGTs have distinct but overlapping substrate preferences, but the molecular basis for their substrate specificity remains poorly understood. Three-dimensional protein structures can greatly enhance our understanding of the interactions between enzymes and their substrates, but because of the inherent difficulties in purifying and crystallizing integral endoplasmic reticulum membrane proteins, no complete mammalian UGT structure has yet been produced. To address this problem, we have created a homology model of UGT1A6 using I-TASSER to explore, in detail, the interactions of human UGT1A6 with its substrates. Ligands were docked into our model in the presence of the cosubstrate uridine-5'-diphosphate-glucuronic acid, interacting residues were examined, and poses were compared to those cocrystallized with various plant and bacterial glycosyltransferases (GTs). Our model structurally resembles other GTs, and docking experiments replicated many of the expected UGT-substrate interactions. Some bias toward the template structures' protein-substrate interactions and binding preferences was evident.
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Li J, Yang J, Mu S, Shang N, Liu C, Zhu Y, Cai Y, Liu P, Lin J, Liu W, Sun Y, Ma Y. Efficient O-Glycosylation of Triterpenes Enabled by Protein Engineering of Plant Glycosyltransferase UGT74AC1. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b05232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 Xi Qi Dao, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiangang Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 Xi Qi Dao, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Shicheng Mu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 Xi Qi Dao, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Na Shang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 Xi Qi Dao, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Cui Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 Xi Qi Dao, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Yueming Zhu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 Xi Qi Dao, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Yi Cai
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 Xi Qi Dao, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Pi Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 Xi Qi Dao, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Jianping Lin
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 Xi Qi Dao, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Weidong Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 Xi Qi Dao, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Yuanxia Sun
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 Xi Qi Dao, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yanhe Ma
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 Xi Qi Dao, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China
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27
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Li P, Su R, Yin R, Lai D, Wang M, Liu Y, Zhou L. Detoxification of Mycotoxins through Biotransformation. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12020121. [PMID: 32075201 PMCID: PMC7076809 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12020121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycotoxins are toxic fungal secondary metabolites that pose a major threat to the safety of food and feed. Mycotoxins are usually converted into less toxic or non-toxic metabolites through biotransformation that are often made by living organisms as well as the isolated enzymes. The conversions mainly include hydroxylation, oxidation, hydrogenation, de-epoxidation, methylation, glycosylation and glucuronidation, esterification, hydrolysis, sulfation, demethylation and deamination. Biotransformations of some notorious mycotoxins such as alfatoxins, alternariol, citrinin, fomannoxin, ochratoxins, patulin, trichothecenes and zearalenone analogues are reviewed in detail. The recent development and applications of mycotoxins detoxification through biotransformation are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Li
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (P.L.); (R.S.); (R.Y.); (D.L.)
| | - Ruixue Su
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (P.L.); (R.S.); (R.Y.); (D.L.)
| | - Ruya Yin
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (P.L.); (R.S.); (R.Y.); (D.L.)
| | - Daowan Lai
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (P.L.); (R.S.); (R.Y.); (D.L.)
| | - Mingan Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
| | - Yang Liu
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China;
| | - Ligang Zhou
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (P.L.); (R.S.); (R.Y.); (D.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-10-6273-1199
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28
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Liu Z, Li J, Sun Y, Zhang P, Wang Y. Structural Insights into the Catalytic Mechanism of a Plant Diterpene Glycosyltransferase SrUGT76G1. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2020; 1:100004. [PMID: 33404544 PMCID: PMC7747997 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2019.100004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Diterpene glycosyltransferase UGT76G1 from Stevia rebaudiana (SrUGT76G1) is key to the generation of economically important steviol glycosides (SGs), a group of natural sweeteners with high-intensity sweetness. SrUGT76G1 accommodates a wide range of steviol-derived substrates and many other small molecules. We report here the crystal structures of SrUGT76G1 in complex with multiple ligands to answer how this enzyme recognizes diterpenoid aglycones and catalyzes the 1,3-sugar chain branching. A spacious pocket for sugar-acceptor binding was observed from the determined SrUGT76G1 structures, which can explain its broad substrate spectrum. Residues Gly87 and Leu204 lining the pocket play key roles in switching between diterpenoid and flavonoid glucosylation. An engineered mutant of SrUGT76G1, T284S, could catalyze a selectively increased production of next-generation sweetener rebaudioside M, with diminished side product of rebaudioside I. Taken together, these resutls provide significant insights into molecular basis of the substrate specificity of scarcely documented diterpenoid glycosyltransferases and would facilitate the structure-guided glycoengineering to produce diversified diterpenoids with new activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Jianxu Li
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yuwei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- Corresponding author
| | - Yong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- Corresponding author
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29
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Daud N, Currie V, Duncan G, Busman M, Gratz SW. Intestinal hydrolysis and microbial biotransformation of diacetoxyscirpenol-α-glucoside, HT-2-β-glucoside and N-(1-deoxy-d-fructos-1-yl) fumonisin B1 by human gut microbiota in vitro. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2019; 71:540-548. [DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2019.1698015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Noshin Daud
- The Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Valerie Currie
- The Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Gary Duncan
- The Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
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30
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Louveau T, Osbourn A. The Sweet Side of Plant-Specialized Metabolism. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2019; 11:cshperspect.a034744. [PMID: 31235546 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a034744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Glycosylation plays a major role in the structural diversification of plant natural products. It influences the properties of molecules by modifying the reactivity and solubility of the corresponding aglycones, so influencing cellular localization and bioactivity. Glycosylation of plant natural products is usually carried out by uridine diphosphate(UDP)-dependent glycosyltransferases (UGTs) belonging to the carbohydrate-active enzyme glycosyltransferase 1 (GT1) family. These enzymes transfer sugars from UDP-activated sugar moieties to small hydrophobic acceptor molecules. Plant GT1s generally show high specificity for their sugar donors and recognize a single UDP sugar as their substrate. In contrast, they are generally promiscuous with regard to acceptors, making them attractive biotechnological tools for small molecule glycodiversification. Although microbial hosts have traditionally been used for heterologous engineering of plant-derived glycosides, transient plant expression technology offers a potentially disruptive platform for rapid characterization of new plant glycosyltransferases and biosynthesis of complex glycosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Louveau
- Department of Metabolic Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom
| | - Anne Osbourn
- Department of Metabolic Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom
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31
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Wipfler R, McCormick SP, Proctor R, Teresi J, Hao G, Ward T, Alexander N, Vaughan MM. Synergistic Phytotoxic Effects of Culmorin and Trichothecene Mycotoxins. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:E555. [PMID: 31547160 PMCID: PMC6833022 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11100555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Species of the fungus Fusarium cause Fusarium head blight (FHB) of cereal crops and contaminate grain with sesquiterpenoid mycotoxins, including culmorin (CUL) and trichothecenes. While the phytotoxicity of trichothecenes, such as deoxynivalenol (DON), and their role in virulence are well characterized, less is known about the phytotoxicity of CUL and its role in the development of FHB. Herein, we evaluated the phytotoxic effects of purified CUL and CUL-trichothecene mixtures using Chlamydomonas reinhardtii growth and Triticum aestivum (wheat) root elongation assays. By itself, CUL did not affect growth in either system. However, mixtures of CUL with DON, 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol, 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol, or NX-3, but not with nivalenol, inhibited growth in a synergistic manner. Synergistic phytotoxic effects of CUL and DON were also observed on multiple plant varieties and species. The severity of wheat FHB caused by 15 isolates of Fusarium graminearum was negatively correlated with the CUL/DON ratio, but positively correlated with the sum of both CUL and DON. Additionally, during the first week of infection, CUL biosynthetic genes were more highly expressed than the TRI5 trichothecene biosynthetic gene. Furthermore, genomic analysis of Fusarium species revealed that CUL and trichothecene biosynthetic genes consistently co-occur among species closely related to F. graminearum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Wipfler
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Services, National Center of Agricultural Utilization Research, Peoria, IL 61604, USA.
| | - Susan P McCormick
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Services, National Center of Agricultural Utilization Research, Peoria, IL 61604, USA.
| | - Robert Proctor
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Services, National Center of Agricultural Utilization Research, Peoria, IL 61604, USA.
| | - Jennifer Teresi
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Services, National Center of Agricultural Utilization Research, Peoria, IL 61604, USA.
| | - Guixia Hao
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Services, National Center of Agricultural Utilization Research, Peoria, IL 61604, USA.
| | - Todd Ward
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Services, National Center of Agricultural Utilization Research, Peoria, IL 61604, USA.
| | - Nancy Alexander
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Services, National Center of Agricultural Utilization Research, Peoria, IL 61604, USA.
| | - Martha M Vaughan
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Services, National Center of Agricultural Utilization Research, Peoria, IL 61604, USA.
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32
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Zong G, Fei S, Liu X, Li J, Gao Y, Yang X, Wang X, Shen Y. Crystal structures of rhamnosyltransferase UGT89C1 from Arabidopsis thaliana reveal the molecular basis of sugar donor specificity for UDP-β-l-rhamnose and rhamnosylation mechanism. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 99:257-269. [PMID: 30893500 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 02/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Glycosylation is a key modification for most molecules including plant natural products, for example, flavonoids and isoflavonoids, and can enhance the bioactivity and bioavailability of the natural products. The crystal structure of plant rhamnosyltransferase UGT89C1 from Arabidopsis thaliana was determined, and the structures of UGT89C1 in complexes with UDP-β-l-rhamnose and acceptor quercetin revealed the detailed interactions between the enzyme and its substrates. Structural and mutational analysis indicated that Asp356, His357, Pro147 and Ile148 are key residues for sugar donor recognition and specificity for UDP-β-l-rhamnose. The mutant H357Q exhibited activity with both UDP-β-l-rhamnose and UDP-glucose. Structural comparison and mutagenesis confirmed that His21 is a key residue as the catalytic base and the only catalytic residue involved in catalysis independently as UGT89C1 lacks the other catalytic Asp that is highly conserved in other reported UGTs and forms a hydrogen bond with the catalytic base His. Ser124 is located in the corresponding position of the catalytic Asp in other UGTs and is not able to form a hydrogen bond with His21. Mutagenesis further showed that Ser124 may not be important in its catalysis, suggesting that His21 and acceptor may form an acceptor-His dyad and UGT89C1 utilizes a catalytic dyad in catalysis instead of catalytic triad. The information of structure and mutagenesis provides structural insights into rhamnosyltransferase substrate specificity and rhamnosylation mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangning Zong
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300353, China
- College of Pharmacy, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300353, China
| | - Shuang Fei
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300353, China
- College of Pharmacy, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300353, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300353, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300353, China
- College of Pharmacy, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300353, China
| | - Yanrong Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300353, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xue Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300353, China
- College of Pharmacy, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300353, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300353, China
- College of Pharmacy, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300353, China
| | - Yuequan Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300353, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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33
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Lyagin I, Efremenko E. Enzymes for Detoxification of Various Mycotoxins: Origins and Mechanisms of Catalytic Action. Molecules 2019; 24:E2362. [PMID: 31247992 PMCID: PMC6651818 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24132362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycotoxins are highly dangerous natural compounds produced by various fungi. Enzymatic transformation seems to be the most promising method for detoxification of mycotoxins. This review summarizes current information on enzymes of different classes to convert various mycotoxins. An in-depth analysis of 11 key enzyme mechanisms towards dozens of major mycotoxins was realized. Additionally, molecular docking of mycotoxins to enzymes' active centers was carried out to clarify some of these catalytic mechanisms. Analyzing protein homologues from various organisms (plants, animals, fungi, and bacteria), the prevalence and availability of natural sources of active biocatalysts with a high practical potential is discussed. The importance of multifunctional enzyme combinations for detoxification of mycotoxins is posed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya Lyagin
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, RAS, Moscow 119334, Russia
| | - Elena Efremenko
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia.
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, RAS, Moscow 119334, Russia.
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Molecular basis for branched steviol glucoside biosynthesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:13131-13136. [PMID: 31182573 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1902104116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Steviol glucosides, such as stevioside and rebaudioside A, are natural products roughly 200-fold sweeter than sugar and are used as natural, noncaloric sweeteners. Biosynthesis of rebaudioside A, and other related stevia glucosides, involves formation of the steviol diterpenoid followed by a series of glycosylations catalyzed by uridine diphosphate (UDP)-dependent glucosyltransferases. UGT76G1 from Stevia rebaudiana catalyzes the formation of the branched-chain glucoside that defines the stevia molecule and is critical for its high-intensity sweetness. Here, we report the 3D structure of the UDP-glucosyltransferase UGT76G1, including a complex of the protein with UDP and rebaudioside A bound in the active site. The X-ray crystal structure and biochemical analysis of site-directed mutants identifies a catalytic histidine and how the acceptor site of UGT76G1 achieves regioselectivity for branched-glucoside synthesis. The active site accommodates a two-glucosyl side chain and provides a site for addition of a third sugar molecule to the C3' position of the first C13 sugar group of stevioside. This structure provides insight on the glycosylation of other naturally occurring sweeteners, such as the mogrosides from monk fruit, and a possible template for engineering of steviol biosynthesis.
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35
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Zong G, Li J, Gao Y, Fei S, Liu X, Wang X, Shen Y. Overexpression, purification, biochemical and structural characterization of rhamnosyltransferase UGT89C1 from Arabidopsis thaliana. Protein Expr Purif 2018; 156:44-49. [PMID: 30597216 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2018.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The uridine diphosphate glycosyltransferase (UGT) plays the central role in glycosylation of small molecules by transferring sugars to various acceptors including bioactive natural products in plants. UGT89C1 from Arabidopsis thaliana is a novel UGT, a rhamnosyltransferase, specifically recognizes UDP-l-rhamnose as donor. To provide an insight into the sugar specificity for UDP-l-rhamnose and interactions between UGT89C1 and its substrates, the UGT89C1 was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified toward biochemical and structural studies. Enzyme activity assay was performed, and the recombinant UGT89C1 recognized UDP-l-rhamnose and rhamnosylated kaempferol. Crystals of AtUGT89C1 were obtained, they diffracted to 2.7 Å resolution and belonged to space group I41. AtUGT89C1 was also co-crystallized with UDP. Interestingly, two crystal forms were obtained in the same crystallization condition, including the previous I41 crystal form, and the new crystal form that diffracted to 3.0 Å resolution and belonged to space group P21.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangning Zong
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300353, PR China; College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300353, PR China
| | - Jie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300353, PR China; College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300353, PR China
| | - Yanrong Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300353, PR China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300353, PR China
| | - Shuang Fei
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300353, PR China; College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300353, PR China
| | - Xiao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300353, PR China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300353, PR China
| | - Xiaoqiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300353, PR China; College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300353, PR China.
| | - Yuequan Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300353, PR China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300353, PR China.
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36
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Wang H, Wang C, Fan W, Yang J, Appelhagen I, Wu Y, Zhang P. A novel glycosyltransferase catalyses the transfer of glucose to glucosylated anthocyanins in purple sweet potato. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:5444-5459. [PMID: 30124996 PMCID: PMC6255700 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Glycosylation contributes to the diversity and stability of anthocyanins in plants. The process is catalysed by various glucosyltransferases using different anthocyanidin aglycones and glycosyl donors. In this study, we found that an anthocyanidin 3-O-glucoside-2″-O-glucosyltransferase (3GGT) from purple sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) catalyses the conversion of anthocyanidin 3-O-glucoside into anthocyanidin 3-O-sophoroside, which is functionally different from the 3GGT ortholog of Arabidopsis. Phylogenetic analysis indicated regioselectivity of 3GGT using uridine-5'-diphosphate (UDP)-xylose or UDP-glucose as the glycosyl is divergent between Convolvulaceae and Arabidopsis. Homology-based protein modeling and site-directed mutagenesis of Ib3GGT and At3GGT suggested that the Thr-138 of Ib3GGT is a key amino acid residue for UDP-glucose recognition and that it plays a major role in sugar-donor selectivity. Wild-type and ugt79b1 mutants (defective in UDP carbohydrate-dependent glycosyltransferases, UGTs) of Arabidopsis plants overexpressing Ib3GGT produced the new component cyanidin 3-O-sophoroside. Moreover, Ib3GGT expression was associated with anthocyanin accumulation in different tissues during I. batatas plant development and was regulated by the transcription factor IbMYB1. Localization assays for Ib3GGT showed that glycosyl extension occurs in the cytosol and not in the endoplasmic reticulum. This study therefore reveals the function of Ib3GGT in glycosyl extension of anthocyanins and demonstrates that Thr-138 is the key amino acid residue for UDP-glucose recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Chengyuan Wang
- Center for Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Weijuan Fan
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Plant Science Research Center, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Plant Science Research Center, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, China
| | - Ingo Appelhagen
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norwich, UK
| | - Yinliang Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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37
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Michlmayr H, Varga E, Malachová A, Fruhmann P, Piątkowska M, Hametner C, Šofrová J, Jaunecker G, Häubl G, Lemmens M, Berthiller F, Adam G. UDP-Glucosyltransferases from Rice, Brachypodium, and Barley: Substrate Specificities and Synthesis of Type A and B Trichothecene-3-O-β-d-glucosides. Toxins (Basel) 2018; 10:E111. [PMID: 29509722 PMCID: PMC5869399 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10030111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Trichothecene toxins are confirmed or suspected virulence factors of various plant-pathogenic Fusarium species. Plants can detoxify these to a variable extent by glucosylation, a reaction catalyzed by UDP-glucosyltransferases (UGTs). Due to the unavailability of analytical standards for many trichothecene-glucoconjugates, information on such compounds is limited. Here, the previously identified deoxynivalenol-conjugating UGTs HvUGT13248 (barley), OsUGT79 (rice) and Bradi5g03300 (Brachypodium), were expressed in E. coli, affinity purified, and characterized towards their abilities to glucosylate the most relevant type A and B trichothecenes. HvUGT13248, which prefers nivalenol over deoxynivalenol, is also able to conjugate C-4 acetylated trichothecenes (e.g., T-2 toxin) to some degree while OsUGT79 and Bradi5g03300 are completely inactive with C-4 acetylated derivatives. The type A trichothecenes HT-2 toxin and T-2 triol are the kinetically preferred substrates in the case of HvUGT13248 and Bradi5g03300. We glucosylated several trichothecenes with OsUGT79 (HT-2 toxin, T-2 triol) and HvUGT13248 (T-2 toxin, neosolaniol, 4,15-diacetoxyscirpenol, fusarenon X) in the preparative scale. NMR analysis of the purified glucosides showed that exclusively β-D-glucosides were formed regio-selectively at position C-3-OH of the trichothecenes. These synthesized standards can be used to investigate the occurrence and toxicological properties of these modified mycotoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herbert Michlmayr
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, (BOKU), Konrad Lorenz Str. 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria.
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, University of Vienna, Währinger Str. 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Elisabeth Varga
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mycotoxin Metabolism and Center for Analytical Chemistry, Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), BOKU, Konrad Lorenz Str. 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria.
| | - Alexandra Malachová
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mycotoxin Metabolism and Center for Analytical Chemistry, Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), BOKU, Konrad Lorenz Str. 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria.
| | - Philipp Fruhmann
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/163, 1060 Vienna, Austria.
- CEST Kompetenzzentrum für elektrochemische Oberflächentechnologie GmbH, Viktor-Kaplan-Str. 2, 2700 Wiener Neustadt, Austria.
| | - Marta Piątkowska
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mycotoxin Metabolism and Center for Analytical Chemistry, Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), BOKU, Konrad Lorenz Str. 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria.
| | - Christian Hametner
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/163, 1060 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Jana Šofrová
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mycotoxin Metabolism and Center for Analytical Chemistry, Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), BOKU, Konrad Lorenz Str. 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria.
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | | | - Georg Häubl
- Romerlabs Division Holding GmbH, Technopark 1, 3430 Tulln, Austria.
| | - Marc Lemmens
- Biotechnology in Plant Production, IFA-Tulln, BOKU, Konrad Lorenz Str. 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria.
| | - Franz Berthiller
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mycotoxin Metabolism and Center for Analytical Chemistry, Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), BOKU, Konrad Lorenz Str. 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria.
| | - Gerhard Adam
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, (BOKU), Konrad Lorenz Str. 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria.
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38
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Sharma P, Gangola MP, Huang C, Kutcher HR, Ganeshan S, Chibbar RN. Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in B-Genome Specific UDP-Glucosyl Transferases Associated with Fusarium Head Blight Resistance and Reduced Deoxynivalenol Accumulation in Wheat Grain. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2018; 108:124-132. [PMID: 29063821 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-04-17-0159-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
An in vitro spike culture method was optimized to evaluate Fusarium head blight (FHB) resistance in wheat (Triticum aestivum) and used to screen a population of ethyl methane sulfonate treated spike culture-derived variants (SCDV). Of the 134 SCDV evaluated, the disease severity score of 47 of the variants was ≤30%. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in the UDP-glucosyltransferase (UGT) genes, TaUGT-2B, TaUGT-3B, and TaUGT-EST, differed between AC Nanda (an FHB-susceptible wheat variety) and Sumai-3 (an FHB-resistant wheat cultivar). SNP at 450 and 1,558 bp from the translation initiation site in TaUGT-2B and TaUGT-3B, respectively were negatively correlated with FHB severity in the SCDV population, whereas the SNP in TaUGT-EST was not associated with FHB severity. Fusarium graminearum strain M7-07-1 induced early expression of TaUGT-2B and TaUGT-3B in FHB-resistant SCDV lines, which were associated with deoxynivalenol accumulation and reduced FHB disease progression. At 8 days after inoculation, deoxynivalenol concentration varied from 767 ppm in FHB-resistant variants to 2,576 ppm in FHB-susceptible variants. The FHB-resistant SCDV identified can be used as new sources of FHB resistance in wheat improvement programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Sharma
- All authors: Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, S7N 5A8, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Manu P Gangola
- All authors: Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, S7N 5A8, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Chen Huang
- All authors: Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, S7N 5A8, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - H Randy Kutcher
- All authors: Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, S7N 5A8, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Seedhabadee Ganeshan
- All authors: Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, S7N 5A8, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Ravindra N Chibbar
- All authors: Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, S7N 5A8, Saskatchewan, Canada
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39
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Wetterhorn KM, Gabardi K, Michlmayr H, Malachova A, Busman M, McCormick SP, Berthiller F, Adam G, Rayment I. Determinants and Expansion of Specificity in a Trichothecene UDP-Glucosyltransferase from Oryza sativa. Biochemistry 2017; 56:6585-6596. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.7b01007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Karl M. Wetterhorn
- Department
of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Kaitlyn Gabardi
- Department
of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Herbert Michlmayr
- Department
of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Alexandra Malachova
- Christian
Doppler Laboratory for Mycotoxin Metabolism, Center for Analytical
Chemistry, Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse
20, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Mark Busman
- Mycotoxin
Prevention and Applied Microbiology Research Unit, USDA/ARS, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Peoria, Illinois 61604, United States
| | - Susan P. McCormick
- Mycotoxin
Prevention and Applied Microbiology Research Unit, USDA/ARS, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Peoria, Illinois 61604, United States
| | - Franz Berthiller
- Christian
Doppler Laboratory for Mycotoxin Metabolism, Center for Analytical
Chemistry, Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse
20, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Gerhard Adam
- Department
of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Ivan Rayment
- Department
of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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40
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Wilson AE, Feng X, Ono NN, Holland D, Amir R, Tian L. Characterization of a UGT84 Family Glycosyltransferase Provides New Insights into Substrate Binding and Reactivity of Galloylglucose Ester-Forming UGTs. Biochemistry 2017; 56:6389-6400. [PMID: 29140084 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.7b00946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Galloylated plant specialized metabolites play important roles in plant-environment interactions and in the promotion of human and animal health. The galloylation reactions are mediated by the formation of galloylglucose esters from gallic acid and UDP-glucose, catalyzed by the plant UGT84 family glycosyltransferases. To explore and exploit the structural determinants of UGT84 activities, we performed homology modeling and substrate docking of PgUGT84A23, a galloylglucose ester-forming family 84 UGT, as well as sequence comparisons of PgUGT84A23 with other functionally characterized plant UGTs. By employing site-directed mutagenesis of candidate amino acids, enzyme assays with analogous substrates, and kinetic analysis, we elucidated key amino acid sites for PgUGT84A23 substrate binding and reactivity. The galloylglucose ester-forming UGT84s have not been shown to glycosylate genistein (an isoflavonoid) in vivo. Unexpectedly, amino acids highly conserved among UGT84s that affect specifically the binding of genistein but not gallic acid or other tested sugar acceptors were identified. This result suggests that genistein may resemble the substrate profile for the enzyme ancestor of the galloylglucose ester-forming UGTs and recruited during transition from a general to a more specialized defense function. Overall, a better understanding of the structure-function relationship of UGT84s will facilitate enzyme engineering for the production of pharmaceutically and industrially valuable glycosylated compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander E Wilson
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California , Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Xiaoxue Feng
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California , Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Nadia N Ono
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California , Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Doron Holland
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Newe Ya'ar Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization , Ramat Yishay 30095, Israel
| | - Rachel Amir
- Migal Galilee Technology Center , P.O. Box 831, Kiryat Shmona 11016, Israel
| | - Li Tian
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California , Davis, California 95616, United States.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden , Shanghai 201602, China.,Shanghai Chenshan Plant Science Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201602, China
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41
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Zhu Y, Hassan YI, Lepp D, Shao S, Zhou T. Strategies and Methodologies for Developing Microbial Detoxification Systems to Mitigate Mycotoxins. Toxins (Basel) 2017; 9:E130. [PMID: 28387743 PMCID: PMC5408204 DOI: 10.3390/toxins9040130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycotoxins, the secondary metabolites of mycotoxigenic fungi, have been found in almost all agricultural commodities worldwide, causing enormous economic losses in livestock production and severe human health problems. Compared to traditional physical adsorption and chemical reactions, interest in biological detoxification methods that are environmentally sound, safe and highly efficient has seen a significant increase in recent years. However, researchers in this field have been facing tremendous unexpected challenges and are eager to find solutions. This review summarizes and assesses the research strategies and methodologies in each phase of the development of microbiological solutions for mycotoxin mitigation. These include screening of functional microbial consortia from natural samples, isolation and identification of single colonies with biotransformation activity, investigation of the physiological characteristics of isolated strains, identification and assessment of the toxicities of biotransformation products, purification of functional enzymes and the application of mycotoxin decontamination to feed/food production. A full understanding and appropriate application of this tool box should be helpful towards the development of novel microbiological solutions on mycotoxin detoxification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhu
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, ON N1G5C9, Canada.
| | - Yousef I Hassan
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, ON N1G5C9, Canada.
| | - Dion Lepp
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, ON N1G5C9, Canada.
| | - Suqin Shao
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, ON N1G5C9, Canada.
| | - Ting Zhou
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, ON N1G5C9, Canada.
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42
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Li X, Michlmayr H, Schweiger W, Malachova A, Shin S, Huang Y, Dong Y, Wiesenberger G, McCormick S, Lemmens M, Fruhmann P, Hametner C, Berthiller F, Adam G, Muehlbauer GJ. A barley UDP-glucosyltransferase inactivates nivalenol and provides Fusarium Head Blight resistance in transgenic wheat. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:2187-2197. [PMID: 28407119 PMCID: PMC5447872 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium Head Blight is a disease of cereal crops that causes severe yield losses and mycotoxin contamination of grain. The main causal pathogen, Fusarium graminearum, produces the trichothecene toxins deoxynivalenol or nivalenol as virulence factors. Nivalenol-producing isolates are most prevalent in Asia but co-exist with deoxynivalenol producers in lower frequency in North America and Europe. Previous studies identified a barley UDP-glucosyltransferase, HvUGT13248, that efficiently detoxifies deoxynivalenol, and when expressed in transgenic wheat results in high levels of type II resistance against deoxynivalenol-producing F. graminearum. Here we show that HvUGT13248 is also capable of converting nivalenol into the non-toxic nivalenol-3-O-β-d-glucoside. We describe the enzymatic preparation of a nivalenol-glucoside standard and its use in development of an analytical method to detect the nivalenol-glucoside conjugate. Recombinant Escherichia coli expressing HvUGT13248 glycosylates nivalenol more efficiently than deoxynivalenol. Overexpression in yeast, Arabidopsis thaliana, and wheat leads to increased nivalenol resistance. Increased ability to convert nivalenol to nivalenol-glucoside was observed in transgenic wheat, which also exhibits type II resistance to a nivalenol-producing F. graminearum strain. Our results demonstrate the HvUGT13248 can act to detoxify deoxynivalenol and nivalenol and provide resistance to deoxynivalenol- and nivalenol-producing Fusarium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Herbert Michlmayr
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Schweiger
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Alexandra Malachova
- Department of Agrobiotechnology, IFA-Tulln, Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mycotoxin Metabolism and Center for Analytical Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Sanghyun Shin
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Yadong Huang
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Yanhong Dong
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Gerlinde Wiesenberger
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Susan McCormick
- USDA-ARS, Mycotoxin Prevention and Applied Microbiology Research Unit, Peoria, IL 61604, USA
| | - Marc Lemmens
- Institute for Biotechnology in Plant Production, Department of Agrobiotechnolgy, IFA-Tulln, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Philipp Fruhmann
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Hametner
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Franz Berthiller
- Department of Agrobiotechnology, IFA-Tulln, Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mycotoxin Metabolism and Center for Analytical Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Gerhard Adam
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Gary J Muehlbauer
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
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