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Fiorani A, Santo CI, Sakanoue K, Calabria D, Mirasoli M, Paolucci F, Valenti G, Einaga Y. Electrogenerated chemiluminescence from luminol-labelled microbeads triggered by in situ generation of hydrogen peroxide. Anal Bioanal Chem 2024:10.1007/s00216-024-05356-z. [PMID: 38834789 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-024-05356-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
We developed a sensing strategy that mimics the bead-based electrogenerated chemiluminescence immunoassay. However, instead of the most common metal complexes, such as Ru or Ir, the luminophore is luminol. The electrogenerated chemiluminescence of luminol was promoted by in situ electrochemical generation of hydrogen peroxide at a boron-doped diamond electrode. The electrochemical production of hydrogen peroxide was achieved in a carbonate solution by an oxidation reaction, while at the same time, microbeads labelled with luminol were deposited on the electrode surface. For the first time, we proved that was possible to obtain light emission from luminol without its direct oxidation at the electrode. This new emission mechanism is obtained at higher potentials than the usual luminol electrogenerated chemiluminescence at 0.3-0.5 V, in conjunction with hydrogen peroxide production on boron-doped diamond at around 2-2.5 V (vs Ag/AgCl).
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Fiorani
- Department of Chemistry, Keio University, Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan.
| | - Claudio Ignazio Santo
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", University of Bologna, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Kohei Sakanoue
- Department of Chemistry, Keio University, Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan
| | - Donato Calabria
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", University of Bologna, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Mara Mirasoli
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", University of Bologna, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Paolucci
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", University of Bologna, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanni Valenti
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", University of Bologna, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Yasuaki Einaga
- Department of Chemistry, Keio University, Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan.
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2
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Handali PR, Webb LJ. Quantifying Bound Proteins on Pegylated Gold Nanoparticles Using Infrared Spectroscopy. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024; 7:2338-2345. [PMID: 38502099 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.4c00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Protein-nanoparticle (NP) complexes are nanomaterials that have numerous potential uses ranging from biosensing to biomedical applications such as drug delivery and nanomedicine. Despite their extensive use quantifying the number of bound proteins per NP remains a challenging characterization step that is crucial for further developments of the conjugate, particularly for metal NPs that often interfere with standard protein quantification techniques. In this work, we present a method for quantifying the number of proteins bound to pegylated thiol-capped gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) using an infrared (IR) spectrometer, a readily available instrument. This method takes advantage of the strong IR bands present in proteins and the capping ligands to quantify protein-NP ratios and circumvents the need to degrade the NPs prior to analysis. We show that this method is generalizable where calibration curves made using inexpensive and commercially available proteins such as bovine serum albumin (BSA) can be used to quantify protein-NP ratios for proteins of different sizes and structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul R Handali
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 E 24th St. STOP A5300, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United States
| | - Lauren J Webb
- Department of Chemistry, Texas Materials Institute, and Interdisciplinary Life Sciences Program, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 E 24th St. STOP A5300, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United States
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3
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Li Z, Jallow A, Nidiaye S, Huang Y, Zhang Q, Li P, Tang X. Improvement of the sensitivity of lateral flow systems for detecting mycotoxins: Up-to-date strategies and future perspectives. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2024; 23:e13255. [PMID: 38284606 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Mycotoxins are dangerous human and animal health-threatening secondary fungal metabolites that can be found in various food and agricultural products. Several countries have established regulations to restrict their presence in food and agricultural products destined for human and animal consumption. Consequently, the need to develop highly sensitive and smart detection systems was recognized worldwide. Lateral flow assay possesses the advantages of easy operation, rapidity, stability, accuracy, and specificity, and it plays an important role in the detection of mycotoxins. Nevertheless, strategies to comprehensively improve the sensitivity of lateral flow assay to mycotoxins in food have rarely been highlighted and discussed. In this article, a comprehensive overview was presented on the application of lateral flow assay in mycotoxin detection in food samples by highlighting the principle of lateral flow assay, presenting a detailed discussion on various analytical performance-improvement strategies, such as the development of high-affinity recognition reagents, immunogen immobilization methods, and signal amplification. Additionally, a detailed discussion on the various signal analyzers and interpretation approaches was provided. Finally, current hurdles and future perspectives on the application of lateral flow assay in the detection of mycotoxins were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Laboratory of Risk Assessment for Oilseed Products (Wuhan), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Quality Inspection and Test Center for Oil seed Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Abdoulie Jallow
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Laboratory of Risk Assessment for Oilseed Products (Wuhan), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Quality Inspection and Test Center for Oil seed Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Seyni Nidiaye
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Laboratory of Risk Assessment for Oilseed Products (Wuhan), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Quality Inspection and Test Center for Oil seed Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Laboratory of Risk Assessment for Oilseed Products (Wuhan), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Quality Inspection and Test Center for Oil seed Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Laboratory of Risk Assessment for Oilseed Products (Wuhan), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Quality Inspection and Test Center for Oil seed Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Food Safety Research Institute, HuBei University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
| | - Peiwu Li
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Laboratory of Risk Assessment for Oilseed Products (Wuhan), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Quality Inspection and Test Center for Oil seed Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Food Safety Research Institute, HuBei University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
- Xianghu Laboratory, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqian Tang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Laboratory of Risk Assessment for Oilseed Products (Wuhan), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Quality Inspection and Test Center for Oil seed Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Food Safety Research Institute, HuBei University, Wuhan, China
- Xianghu Laboratory, Hangzhou, China
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4
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Walgama C, Raj N. Silver nanoparticles in electrochemical immunosensing and the emergence of silver-gold galvanic exchange detection. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:11161-11173. [PMID: 37603415 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc02561f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticle-based electrochemical immunosensors demonstrate high sensitivity toward biomarker detection due to the large surface area of the nanoparticles and their ability to amplify the signal of the target molecule. Additionally, they have a fast response time, relatively lower cost, and can be easily miniaturized for point-of-care applications. Among noble metals, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been extensively used in electrochemical sensors due to their unique properties, such as catalytic activity and excellent electrical conductivity. This Feature Article describes six approaches for incorporating AgNPs in electrochemical platforms, featuring the most recent developments in the silver-gold galvanic exchange-based detection strategy. With a few exceptions, many of these detection methods use AgNP oxidation into Ag+ ions, followed by electrodeposition of Ag+ ions onto the working electrode as zero-valent Ag metal and a final stripping step using a voltammetric technique. Combining these steps provides desirable low detection limits and good sensitivity for various biomarkers. A few other methods involved the reduction of Ag+ ions and depositing them as Ag metal onto the electrode using a reagent mixture so that the striping analysis could be performed. Typically, this reagent mixture includes Ag+ ions, a reducing agent, or an enzyme substrate. Besides, AgNPs have also been directly used to modify the surface of electrodes to facilitate kinetically favored redox-mediated electrochemical reactions. In addition to Ag detection methods, this report will also provide recent examples to illustrate how the size and shape of AgNPs impact the detection limits and sensitivity of an electrochemical assay. Finally, we discuss recent developments in lab-on-a-chip type immunosensors designed explicitly for Ag-based metalloimmunoassay detection, and we envision that this article will provide a comprehensive summary of the operational principles and new insights into such immunoassay systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charuksha Walgama
- Department of Physical & Applied Sciences, University of Houston-Clear Lake, 2700 Bay Area Boulevard, Houston, TX 77058, USA.
| | - Nikhil Raj
- Amgen Inc, 1 Amgen Center Dr, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, USA
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Adamo FM, Silva Barcelos EC, De Falco F, Dorillo E, Rompietti C, Sorcini D, Stella A, Del Papa B, Baldoni S, Esposito A, Geraci C, Arcaleni R, Pennetta C, Ragonese F, Moretti L, Mameli M, Di Ianni M, Rosati E, Fioretti B, Sportoletti P. Therapeutic Targeting Potential of Novel Silver Nanoparticles Coated with Anti-CD20 Antibody against Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3618. [PMID: 37509279 PMCID: PMC10377400 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15143618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is an incurable disorder associated with alterations in several pathways essential for survival and proliferation. Despite the advances made in CLL therapy with the new target agents, in some cases, relapses and resistance could occur, making the discovery of new alternatives to manage CLL refractoriness necessary. To provide new therapeutic strategies for CLL, we investigated the anti-leukemic activity of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), whose impact on CLL cells has been poorly explored. METHODS We studied the action mechanisms of AgNPs in vitro through flow cytometry and molecular analyses. To improve the bioavailability of AgNPs, we generated AgNPs coated with the anti-CD20 antibody Rituximab (AgNPs@Rituximab) and carried out imaging-based approaches and in vivo experiments to evaluate specificity, drug uptake, and efficacy. RESULTS AgNPs reduced the viability of primary CLL cells and the HG-3 cell line by inducing an intrinsic apoptotic pathway characterized by Bax/Bcl-2 imbalance, caspase activation, and PARP degradation. Early apoptotic events triggered by AgNPs included enhanced Ca2+ influx and ROS overproduction. AgNPs synergistically potentiated the cytotoxicity of Venetoclax, Ibrutinib, and Bepridil. In vitro, the AgNPs@Rituximab conjugates were rapidly internalized within CLL cells and strongly prolonged the survival of CLL xenograft models compared to each unconjugated single agent. CONCLUSIONS AgNPs showed strong anti-leukemic activity in CLL, with the potential for clinical translation in combination with agents used in CLL. The increased specificity of AgNPs@Rituximab toward CLL cells could be relevant for overcoming in vivo AgNPs' non-specific distribution and increasing their efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Maria Adamo
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Hematology and Center for Hemato-Oncology Research (CREO), University of Perugia, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, 06129 Perugia, Italy
| | - Estevao Carlos Silva Barcelos
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Hematology and Center for Hemato-Oncology Research (CREO), University of Perugia, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, 06129 Perugia, Italy
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória 29043-900, Brazil
| | - Filomena De Falco
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Hematology and Center for Hemato-Oncology Research (CREO), University of Perugia, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, 06129 Perugia, Italy
| | - Erica Dorillo
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Hematology and Center for Hemato-Oncology Research (CREO), University of Perugia, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, 06129 Perugia, Italy
| | - Chiara Rompietti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Hematology and Center for Hemato-Oncology Research (CREO), University of Perugia, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, 06129 Perugia, Italy
| | - Daniele Sorcini
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Hematology and Center for Hemato-Oncology Research (CREO), University of Perugia, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, 06129 Perugia, Italy
| | - Arianna Stella
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Hematology and Center for Hemato-Oncology Research (CREO), University of Perugia, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, 06129 Perugia, Italy
| | - Beatrice Del Papa
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Hematology and Center for Hemato-Oncology Research (CREO), University of Perugia, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, 06129 Perugia, Italy
| | - Stefano Baldoni
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Hematology and Center for Hemato-Oncology Research (CREO), University of Perugia, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, 06129 Perugia, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Sciences of Aging, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Angela Esposito
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Hematology and Center for Hemato-Oncology Research (CREO), University of Perugia, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, 06129 Perugia, Italy
| | - Clelia Geraci
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Hematology and Center for Hemato-Oncology Research (CREO), University of Perugia, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, 06129 Perugia, Italy
| | - Roberta Arcaleni
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Hematology and Center for Hemato-Oncology Research (CREO), University of Perugia, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, 06129 Perugia, Italy
| | - Chiara Pennetta
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnologies, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Francesco Ragonese
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnologies, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Moretti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Hematology and Center for Hemato-Oncology Research (CREO), University of Perugia, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, 06129 Perugia, Italy
| | - Mariagrazia Mameli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Hematology and Center for Hemato-Oncology Research (CREO), University of Perugia, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, 06129 Perugia, Italy
| | - Mauro Di Ianni
- Department of Medicine and Sciences of Aging, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Emanuela Rosati
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Biosciences and Medical Embryology Section, University of Perugia, 06129 Perugia, Italy
| | - Bernard Fioretti
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnologies, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Paolo Sportoletti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Hematology and Center for Hemato-Oncology Research (CREO), University of Perugia, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, 06129 Perugia, Italy
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6
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Villalobos Gutiérrez PT, Muñoz Carrillo JL, Sandoval Salazar C, Viveros Paredes JM, Gutiérrez Coronado O. Functionalized Metal Nanoparticles in Cancer Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1932. [PMID: 37514119 PMCID: PMC10383728 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15071932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, there are many studies on the application of nanotechnology in therapy. Metallic nanoparticles are promising nanomaterials in cancer therapy; however, functionalization of these nanoparticles with biomolecules has become relevant as their effect on cancer cells is considerably increased by photothermal and photodynamic therapies, drug nanocarriers, and specificity by antibodies, resulting in new therapies that are more specific against different types of cancer. This review describes studies on the effect of functionalized palladium, gold, silver and platinum nanoparticles in the treatment of cancer, these nanoparticles themselves show an anticancer effect. This effect is further enhanced when the NPs are functionalized with either antibodies, DNA, RNA, peptides, proteins, or folic acid and other molecules. These NPs can penetrate the cell and accumulate in the tumor tissue, resulting in a cytotoxic effect through the generation of ROS, the induction of apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, DNA fragmentation, and a photothermal effect. NP-based therapy is a new strategy that can be used synergistically with chemotherapy and radiotherapy to achieve more effective therapies and reduce side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Cuauhtémoc Sandoval Salazar
- División de Ciencias de la Salud e Ingenierías, Campus Celaya-Salvatierra, Universidad de Guanajuato, Celaya 38060, Mexico
| | - Juan Manuel Viveros Paredes
- Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44430, Mexico
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Simionescu OG, Avram A, Adiaconiţă B, Preda P, Pârvulescu C, Năstase F, Chiriac E, Avram M. Field-Effect Transistors Based on Single-Layer Graphene and Graphene-Derived Materials. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:1096. [PMID: 37374681 DOI: 10.3390/mi14061096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
The progress of advanced materials has invoked great interest in promising novel biosensing applications. Field-effect transistors (FETs) are excellent options for biosensing devices due to the variability of the utilized materials and the self-amplifying role of electrical signals. The focus on nanoelectronics and high-performance biosensors has also generated an increasing demand for easy fabrication methods, as well as for economical and revolutionary materials. One of the innovative materials used in biosensing applications is graphene, on account of its remarkable properties, such as high thermal and electrical conductivity, potent mechanical properties, and high surface area to immobilize the receptors in biosensors. Besides graphene, other competing graphene-derived materials (GDMs) have emerged in this field, with comparable properties and improved cost-efficiency and ease of fabrication. In this paper, a comparative experimental study is presented for the first time, for FETs having a channel fabricated from three different graphenic materials: single-layer graphene (SLG), graphene/graphite nanowalls (GNW), and bulk nanocrystalline graphite (bulk-NCG). The devices are investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy, and I-V measurements. An increased electrical conductance is observed for the bulk-NCG-based FET, despite its higher defect density, the channel displaying a transconductance of up to ≊4.9×10-3 A V-1, and a charge carrier mobility of ≊2.86×10-4 cm2 V-1 s-1, at a source-drain potential of 3 V. An improvement in sensitivity due to Au nanoparticle functionalization is also acknowledged, with an increase of the ON/OFF current ratio of over four times, from ≊178.95 to ≊746.43, for the bulk-NCG FETs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Octavian-Gabriel Simionescu
- National Institute for Research and Development in Microtechnologies-IMT Bucharest, 126A Erou Iancu Nicolae, 077190 Voluntari, Romania
| | - Andrei Avram
- National Institute for Research and Development in Microtechnologies-IMT Bucharest, 126A Erou Iancu Nicolae, 077190 Voluntari, Romania
| | - Bianca Adiaconiţă
- National Institute for Research and Development in Microtechnologies-IMT Bucharest, 126A Erou Iancu Nicolae, 077190 Voluntari, Romania
| | - Petruţa Preda
- National Institute for Research and Development in Microtechnologies-IMT Bucharest, 126A Erou Iancu Nicolae, 077190 Voluntari, Romania
| | - Cătălin Pârvulescu
- National Institute for Research and Development in Microtechnologies-IMT Bucharest, 126A Erou Iancu Nicolae, 077190 Voluntari, Romania
| | - Florin Năstase
- National Institute for Research and Development in Microtechnologies-IMT Bucharest, 126A Erou Iancu Nicolae, 077190 Voluntari, Romania
| | - Eugen Chiriac
- National Institute for Research and Development in Microtechnologies-IMT Bucharest, 126A Erou Iancu Nicolae, 077190 Voluntari, Romania
- Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Material Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independenţei, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Marioara Avram
- National Institute for Research and Development in Microtechnologies-IMT Bucharest, 126A Erou Iancu Nicolae, 077190 Voluntari, Romania
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Nayak J, Prajapati KS, Kumar S, Sahoo SK, Kumar R. Synthesis of thiolated chlorogenic acid-capped silver nanoparticles for the effective dual action towards antimicrobial and anticancer therapy. Colloid Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.1007/s00396-022-05010-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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9
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Nayak J, Prajapati KS, Kumar S, Sahoo SK, Kumar R. Synthesis of thiolated chlorogenic acid-capped silver nanoparticles for the effective dual action towards antimicrobial and anticancer therapy. Colloid Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00396-022-05010-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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10
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The Potential of Antibody Technology and Silver Nanoparticles for Enhancing Photodynamic Therapy for Melanoma. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10092158. [PMID: 36140259 PMCID: PMC9495799 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10092158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is highly aggressive and is known to be efficient at resisting drug-induced apoptotic signals. Resection is currently the gold standard for melanoma management, but it only offers local control of the early stage of the disease. Metastatic melanoma is prone to recurrence, and has a poor prognosis and treatment response. Thus, the need for advanced theranostic alternatives is evident. Photodynamic therapy has been increasingly studied for melanoma treatment; however, it relies on passive drug accumulation, leading to off-target effects. Nanoparticles enhance drug biodistribution, uptake and intra-tumoural concentration and can be functionalised with monoclonal antibodies that offer selective biorecognition. Antibody–drug conjugates reduce passive drug accumulation and off-target effects. Nonetheless, one limitation of monoclonal antibodies and antibody–drug conjugates is their lack of versatility, given cancer’s heterogeneity. Monoclonal antibodies suffer several additional limitations that make recombinant antibody fragments more desirable. SNAP-tag is a modified version of the human DNA-repair enzyme, O6-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase. It reacts in an autocatalytic and covalent manner with benzylguanine-modified substrates, providing a simple protein labelling system. SNAP-tag can be genetically fused with antibody fragments, creating fusion proteins that can be easily labelled with benzylguanine-modified payloads for site-directed delivery. This review aims to highlight the benefits and limitations of the abovementioned approaches and to outline how their combination could enhance photodynamic therapy for melanoma.
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11
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Synthesis of thiolated chlorogenic acid-capped silver nanoparticles for the effective dual action towards antimicrobial and anticancer therapy. Colloid Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-022-05010-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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12
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Peng Y, Raj N, Strasser JW, Crooks RM. Paper Biosensor for the Detection of NT-proBNP Using Silver Nanodisks as Electrochemical Labels. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:2254. [PMID: 35808093 PMCID: PMC9268099 DOI: 10.3390/nano12132254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
We report on the use of silver nanodisks (AgNDs), having a diameter of 50 ± 8 nm and a thickness of 8 ± 2 nm, as electrochemical labels for the detection of a model metalloimmunoassay for the heart failure biomarker NT-proBNP. The detection method is based on an electrochemically activated galvanic exchange (GE) followed by the detection of Ag using anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV). The AgNDs labels are superior to Ag nanocubes and Ag nanospheres in terms of the dynamic range for both the model and NT-proBNP metalloimmunoassays. The linear dynamic range for the model composite is 1.5 to 30.0 pM AgNDs. When AgND labels are used for the NT-proBNP assay, the dynamic range is 0.03-4.0 nM NT-proBNP. The latter range fully overlaps the risk stratification range for heart failure from 53 pM to 590 pM. The performance improvement of the AgNDs is a result of the specific GE mechanism for nanodisks. Specifically, GE is complete across the face of the AgNDs, leaving behind an incompletely exchanged ring structure composed of both Ag and Au.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Richard M. Crooks
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 100 E. 24th St., Stop A1590, Austin, TX 78712-1224, USA; (Y.P.); (N.R.); (J.W.S.)
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13
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Wu SY, Wu FG, Chen X. Antibody-Incorporated Nanomedicines for Cancer Therapy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2109210. [PMID: 35142395 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202109210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Antibody-based cancer therapy, one of the most significant therapeutic strategies, has achieved considerable success and progress over the past decades. Nevertheless, obstacles including limited tumor penetration, short circulation half-lives, undesired immunogenicity, and off-target side effects remain to be overcome for the antibody-based cancer treatment. Owing to the rapid development of nanotechnology, antibody-containing nanomedicines that have been extensively explored to overcome these obstacles have already demonstrated enhanced anticancer efficacy and clinical translation potential. This review intends to offer an overview of the advancements of antibody-incorporated nanoparticulate systems in cancer treatment, together with the nontrivial challenges faced by these next-generation nanomedicines. Diverse strategies of antibody immobilization, formats of antibodies, types of cancer-associated antigens, and anticancer mechanisms of antibody-containing nanomedicines are provided and discussed in this review, with an emphasis on the latest applications. The current limitations and future research directions on antibody-containing nanomedicines are also discussed from different perspectives to provide new insights into the construction of anticancer nanomedicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun-Yu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing, 210096, P. R. China
| | - Fu-Gen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing, 210096, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119077, Singapore
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14
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Exosome detection via surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy for cancer diagnosis. Acta Biomater 2022; 144:1-14. [PMID: 35358734 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
As nanoscale extracellular vesicles, exosomes are secreted by various cell types, and they are widely distributed in multiple biological fluids. Studies have shown that tumor-derived exosomes can carry a variety of primary tumor-specific molecules, which may represent a novel tool for the early detection of cancer. However, the clinical translation of exosomes remains a challenge due to the requirement of large quantities of samples when enriching the cancer-related exosomes in biological fluids, the insufficiency of traditional techniques for exosome subpopulations, and the complex exosome isolation of the current commercially available exosome phenotype profiling approaches. The evolving surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) technology, with properties of unique optoelectronics, easy functionalization, and the particular interaction between light and nanoscale metallic materials, can achieve sensitive detection of exosomes without large quantities of samples and multiplexed phenotype profiling, providing a new mode of real-time and noninvasive analysis for cancer patients. In the present review, we mainly discussed exosome detection based on SERS, especially SERS immunoassay. The basic structure and function of exosomes were firstly introduced. Then, recent studies using the SERS technique for cancer detection were critically reviewed, which mainly included various SERS substrates, biological modification of SERS substrates, SERS-based exosome detection, and the combination of SERS and other technologies for cancer diagnosis. This review systematically discussed the essential aspects, limitations, and considerations of applying SERS technology in the detection and analysis of cancer-derived exosomes, which could provide a valuable reference for the early diagnosis of cancer through SERS technology. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) has been applied to exosomes detection to obtain better diagnostic results. In past three years, several reviews have been published in exosome detection, which were narrowly focus on methods of exosome detection. Selection and surface functionalization of the substrate and the combination detection with different methods based on SERS will provide new strategies for the detection of exosomes. This review will focus on the above aspects. This emerging detection method is constantly evolving and contributing to the early discovery of diseases in the future.
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15
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Raj N, Crooks RM. Detection Efficiency of Ag Nanoparticle Labels for a Heart Failure Marker Using Linear and Square-Wave Anodic Stripping Voltammetry. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:203. [PMID: 35448263 PMCID: PMC9029172 DOI: 10.3390/bios12040203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In this article, we compare linear sweep anodic stripping voltammetry (LASV) and square-wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV) for detection of a nano metalloimmunoassay. Two separate immunoassays were examined: a model assay, based on interactions between antibodies, and a sandwich assay for the heart failure marker NT-proBNP. In both cases, one antibody is linked to a magnetic microbead, and one is linked to a spherical Ag nanoparticle label. Electrochemical detection is carried out on a paper device. The three analytical figures of merit studied were the precision of the measurements, the calibration sensitivity, and the limit of detection (LOD). For the NT-proBNP assay, the results show that after optimization of the pulse amplitude and frequency of the potential input for SWASV, the detection efficiency is substantially higher compared to LASV. Specifically, the calibration sensitivity increased by up to ~40 fold, the average coefficient of variation decreased by ~40%, and the (LOD) decreased to 300.0 pM. Finally, for a model immunoassay, a ~10-fold decrease in the LOD was observed for SWASV compared to LASV.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Richard M. Crooks
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 E. 24th Street, Stop A5300, Austin, TX 78712-1224, USA;
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16
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Fleming A, Cursi L, Behan JA, Yan Y, Xie Z, Adumeau L, Dawson KA. Designing Functional Bionanoconstructs for Effective In Vivo Targeting. Bioconjug Chem 2022; 33:429-443. [PMID: 35167255 PMCID: PMC8931723 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.1c00546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The progress achieved
over the last three decades in the field
of bioconjugation has enabled the preparation of sophisticated nanomaterial–biomolecule
conjugates, referred to herein as bionanoconstructs, for a multitude
of applications including biosensing, diagnostics, and therapeutics.
However, the development of bionanoconstructs for the active targeting
of cells and cellular compartments, both in vitro and in vivo, is challenged by the lack of understanding
of the mechanisms governing nanoscale recognition. In this review,
we highlight fundamental obstacles in designing a successful bionanoconstruct,
considering findings in the field of bionanointeractions. We argue
that the biological recognition of bionanoconstructs is modulated
not only by their molecular composition but also by the collective
architecture presented upon their surface, and we discuss fundamental
aspects of this surface architecture that are central to successful
recognition, such as the mode of biomolecule conjugation and nanomaterial
passivation. We also emphasize the need for thorough characterization
of engineered bionanoconstructs and highlight the significance of
population heterogeneity, which too presents a significant challenge
in the interpretation of in vitro and in
vivo results. Consideration of such issues together will
better define the arena in which bioconjugation, in the future, will
deliver functional and clinically relevant bionanoconstructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisling Fleming
- Centre for BioNano Interactions, School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Lorenzo Cursi
- Centre for BioNano Interactions, School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - James A Behan
- Centre for BioNano Interactions, School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Yan Yan
- UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Zengchun Xie
- Centre for BioNano Interactions, School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Laurent Adumeau
- Centre for BioNano Interactions, School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Kenneth A Dawson
- Centre for BioNano Interactions, School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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17
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Pollok NE, Peng Y, Raj N, Walgama C, Crooks RM. Dual-Shaped Silver Nanoparticle Labels for Electrochemical Detection of Bioassays. ACS APPLIED NANO MATERIALS 2021; 4:10764-10770. [PMID: 38404358 PMCID: PMC10888530 DOI: 10.1021/acsanm.1c02207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
In this paper we demonstrate the use of dual-shaped silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) as detection labels for electrochemical bioassays. The key finding is that by using AgNP labels having two different shapes simultaneously, the limit of detection (LOD) for the assays is lowered compared to using either of the two shapes separately. The two shapes were silver nanocubes (AgNCs) having edge lengths of 40 ± 4 nm and spherical AgNPs (sAgNPs) having diameters of 20 ± 3 nm. Two different bioassays were examined. In both cases the Ag labels were functionalized with antibodies. In the one assay, the labels are directly linked to a second antibody immobilized on magnetic beads. In the second assay, the antibodies on the AgNP labels and the antibodies on the magnetic beads are linked via a peptide. The peptide is N-terminal prohormone brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), which is a heart failure marker. The efficacy of the two electrochemical assays as a function of the ratio of the two labels was investigated using a galvanic exchange/anodic stripping voltammetry method. The key finding is that by optimizing the ratio of the two types of AgNP labels, it is possible to decrease the LOD of the assays without compromising the dynamic range compared to using either of the two labels independently. This made it possible to achieve the clinically relevant range for NT-proBNP analysis used by physicians for heart failure risk stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole E. Pollok
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 100 E. 24th St., Stop A1590, Austin, Texas, 78712-1224, USA
| | - Yi Peng
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 100 E. 24th St., Stop A1590, Austin, Texas, 78712-1224, USA
| | - Nikhil Raj
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 100 E. 24th St., Stop A1590, Austin, Texas, 78712-1224, USA
| | - Charuksha Walgama
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 100 E. 24th St., Stop A1590, Austin, Texas, 78712-1224, USA
| | - Richard M. Crooks
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 100 E. 24th St., Stop A1590, Austin, Texas, 78712-1224, USA
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18
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Defnet PA, Zhang B. Collision, Adhesion, and Oxidation of Single Ag Nanoparticles on a Polysulfide-Modified Microelectrode. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:16154-16162. [PMID: 34549950 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c07164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We report the collision, adhesion, and oxidation behavior of single silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) on a polysulfide-modified gold microelectrode. Despite its remarkable success in volume analysis for smaller Ag NPs, the method of NP-collision electrochemistry has failed to analyze particles greater than 50 nm due to uncontrollable collision behavior and incomplete NP oxidation. Herein, we describe the unique capability of an ultrathin polysulfide layer in controlling the collision behavior of Ag NPs by drastically improving their sticking probability on the electrode. The ultrathin sulfurous layer is formed on gold by sodium thiosulfate electro-oxidation and serves both as an adhesive interface for colliding NPs and as a preconcentrated reactive medium to chemically oxidize Ag to form Ag2S. Rapid particle dissolution is further promoted by the presence of bulk sodium thiosulfate serving as a Lewis base, which drastically improves the solubility of generated Ag2S by a factor of 1013. The combined use of polysulfide and sodium thiosulfate allows us to observe a 25× increase in NP detection frequency, a 3× increase in peak amplitude, and more complete oxidation for larger Ag NPs. By recognizing how volumetric analysis using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) may overestimate quasi-spherical NPs, we believe we can have full NP oxidation for particles up to 100 nm. By focusing on the electrode/solution interface for more effective NP-electrode contact, we expect that the knowledge learned from this study will greatly benefit future NP collision systems for mechanistic studies in single-entity electrochemistry as well as designing ultrasensitive biochemical sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter A Defnet
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
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19
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Pollok NE, Peng Y, Rabin C, Richards I, Crooks RM. Effect of Serum on Electrochemical Detection of Bioassays Having Ag Nanoparticle Labels. ACS Sens 2021; 6:1956-1962. [PMID: 33885282 PMCID: PMC8164997 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.1c00446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The effect of serum on electrochemical detection of bioassays having silver nanoparticle (AgNP) detection labels was investigated. Both a model assay and an antigen-specific sandwich bioassay for the heart failure marker NT-proBNP were examined. In both cases, the AgNP labels were conjugated to a detection antibody. Electrochemical detection was carried out using a galvanic exchange/anodic stripping voltammetry method in which Au3+ exchanges with AgNP labels. The assays were carried out using a paper-based electrode platform. The bioassays were exposed to different serum conditions prior to and during detection. There are three important outcomes reported in this article. First, both the model- and antigen-specific assays could be formed in undiluted serum with no detectable interferences from the serum components. Second, to achieve the maximum possible electrochemical signal, the highest percentage of serum that can remain in an assay buffer during electrochemical detection is 0.25% when no washing is performed. The assay results are rendered inaccurate when 0.50% or more of serum is present. Third, the factors inhibiting galvanic exchange in serum probably relate to surface adsorption of biomolecules onto the AgNP labels, chelation of Au3+ by serum components, or both. The results reported here provide general guidance for using metal NP labels for electrochemical assays in biofluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole E. Pollok
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 100 E. 24th St., Stop A1590, Austin, Texas, 78712-1224, USA
| | - Yi Peng
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 100 E. 24th St., Stop A1590, Austin, Texas, 78712-1224, USA
| | - Charlie Rabin
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 100 E. 24th St., Stop A1590, Austin, Texas, 78712-1224, USA
| | - Ian Richards
- Interactives Executive Excellence LLC, Austin, Texas, 78733, USA
| | - Richard M. Crooks
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 100 E. 24th St., Stop A1590, Austin, Texas, 78712-1224, USA
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20
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Gomes HIO, Martins CSM, Prior JAV. Silver Nanoparticles as Carriers of Anticancer Drugs for Efficient Target Treatment of Cancer Cells. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:964. [PMID: 33918740 PMCID: PMC8069134 DOI: 10.3390/nano11040964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Since the last decade, nanotechnology has evolved rapidly and has been applied in several areas, such as medicine, pharmaceutical, microelectronics, aerospace, food industries, among others. The use of nanoparticles as drug carriers has been explored and presents several advantages, such as controlled and targeted release of loaded or coupled drugs, and the improvement of the drug's bioavailability, in addition to others. However, they also have some limitations, related to their in vivo toxicity, which affects all organs including the healthy ones, and overall improvement in the disease treatment, which can be unnoticeable or minimal. Silver nanoparticles have been increasingly investigated due to their peculiar physical, chemical, and optical properties, which allows them to cover several applications, namely in the transport of drugs to a specific target in the body. Given the limitations of conventional cancer chemotherapy, which include low bioavailability and the consequent use of high doses that cause adverse effects, strategies that overcome these difficulties are extremely important. This review embraces an overview and presentation about silver nanoparticles used as anticancer drug carrier systems and focuses a discussion on the state of the art of silver nanoparticles exploited for transport of anticancer drugs and their influence on antitumor effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - João A. V. Prior
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, n°. 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (H.I.O.G.); (C.S.M.M.)
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21
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Peng Y, Rabin C, Walgama CT, Pollok NE, Smith L, Richards I, Crooks RM. Silver Nanocubes as Electrochemical Labels for Bioassays. ACS Sens 2021; 6:1111-1119. [PMID: 33439628 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.0c02377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Here, we report on the use of 40 ± 4 nm silver nanocubes (AgNCs) as electrochemical labels in bioassays. The model metalloimmunoassay combines galvanic exchange (GE) and anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV). The results show that a lower limit of detection is achieved by simply changing the shape of the Ag label yielding improved GE with AgNCs when compared to GE with spherical silver nanoparticles (sAgNPs). Specifically, during GE between electrogenerated Au3+ and the Ag labels, a thin shell of Au forms on the surface of the NP. This shell is more porous when GE proceeds on AgNCs compared to sAgNPs, and therefore, more exchange occurs when using AgNCs. ASV results show that the Ag collection efficiency (AgCE%) is increased by up to ∼57% when using AgNCs. When the electrochemical system is fully optimized, the limit of detection is 0.1 pM AgNCs, which is an order of magnitude lower than that of sAgNP labels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Peng
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 100 E. 24th Street, Stop A1590, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United States
| | - Charlie Rabin
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 100 E. 24th Street, Stop A1590, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United States
| | - Charuksha T. Walgama
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 100 E. 24th Street, Stop A1590, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United States
| | - Nicole E. Pollok
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 100 E. 24th Street, Stop A1590, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United States
| | - Leilani Smith
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 100 E. 24th Street, Stop A1590, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United States
| | - Ian Richards
- Interactives Executive Excellence LLC, Austin, Texas 78733 United States
| | - Richard M. Crooks
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 100 E. 24th Street, Stop A1590, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United States
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22
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An advanced molecularly imprinted electrochemical sensor for the highly sensitive and selective detection and determination of Human IgG. Bioelectrochemistry 2020; 137:107671. [PMID: 32950847 PMCID: PMC7480476 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2020.107671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
An advanced molecularly imprinted electrochemical sensor with high sensitivity and selectivity for the detection of Human immunoglobulin G (IgG) was successfully constructed. With acrylamide imprinting systems, surface imprinting on the nanoparticles CuFe2O4 targeted at IgG was employed to prepare molecularly imprinted polymer, which served as recognition element for the electrochemical sensor. Furthermore, the sensor harnessed a molybdenum disulfide (MoS2)@nitrogen doped graphene quantum dots (N-GQDs) with ionic liquid (IL) nanocomposite for signal amplification. Under optimized experimental conditions, the sensor shortened the response time to less than 8 min, and the response was linear at the IgG concentration of 0.1-50 ng·mL-1 with a low detection limit of 0.02 ng·mL-1 (S/N = 3). Our findings suggested that, the sensor exhibited high detectability and long-time stability. The satisfactory results of human serum sample analysis showed that the developed IgG sensor had promising potential clinical applications in detecting IgG content.
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23
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Hristov DR, Pimentel AJ, Ujialele G, Hamad-Schifferli K. The Immunoprobe Aggregation State is Central to Dipstick Immunoassay Performance. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:34620-34629. [PMID: 32633115 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c08628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
As new infectious disease outbreaks become more likely, it is important to be able to develop and deploy appropriate testing in time. Paper-based immunoassays are rapid, cheap, and easy to produce at scale and relatively user friendly but often suffer from low selectivity and sensitivity. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of paper immunoassays may help improve and hasten development and therefore production and market availability. Here, we study how the behavior of nanoparticle-antibody immunoprobes in paper dipstick immunoassays is impacted by synthesis strategy and surface chemistry architecture. We conjugate gold nanoparticles to polyclonal anti-immunoglobulin G (IgG) and anti-zika NS1 antibodies by electrostatic adsorption and N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) and hydrazide (Hz) chemistries. The immunoprobes were used in paper immunoassays and the effective affinity for the antigen was quantified from the test line intensities, as well as the distribution of the immunoprobes throughout the strips. The results show that nanoparticle colloidal stability, both post synthesis and during antigen binding, is a key factor and affects immunoassay results and performance, often through reduction or loss of signal.
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24
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Pollok NE, Rabin C, Walgama CT, Smith L, Richards I, Crooks RM. Electrochemical Detection of NT-proBNP Using a Metalloimmunoassay on a Paper Electrode Platform. ACS Sens 2020; 5:853-860. [PMID: 32154707 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.0c00167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we demonstrate an electrochemical method for detection of the heart failure biomarker, N-terminal prohormone brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP). The approach is based on a paper electrode assembly and a metalloimmunoassay; it is intended for eventual integration into a home-use sensor. Sensing of NT-proBNP relies on the formation of a sandwich immunoassay and electrochemical quantification of silver nanoparticle (AgNP) labels attached to the detection antibodies (Abs). There are four important outcomes reported in this article. First, compared to physisorption of the detection Abs on the AgNP labels, a 27-fold increase in signal is observed when a heterobifunctional cross-linker is used to facilitate this labeling. Second, the assay is selective in that it does not cross-react with other cardiac natriuretic peptides. Third, the assay forms in undiluted human serum (though the electrochemical analysis is carried out in buffer). Finally, and most important, the assay is able to detect NT-proBNP at concentrations between 0.58 and 2.33 nM. This performance approaches the critical NT-proBNP concentration threshold often used by physicians for risk stratification purposes: ∼0.116 nM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole E. Pollok
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 100 E. 24th Street, Stop A1590, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United States
| | - Charlie Rabin
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 100 E. 24th Street, Stop A1590, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United States
| | - Charuksha T. Walgama
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 100 E. 24th Street, Stop A1590, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United States
| | - Leilani Smith
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 100 E. 24th Street, Stop A1590, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United States
| | - Ian Richards
- Interactives Executive Excellence LLC, Austin, Texas 78733, United States
| | - Richard M. Crooks
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 100 E. 24th Street, Stop A1590, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United States
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