1
|
Chen S, Shi J, Yu D, Dong S. Advance on combination therapy strategies based on biomedical nanotechnology induced ferroptosis for cancer therapeutics. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 176:116904. [PMID: 38878686 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Globally, cancer is a serious health problem. It is unfortunate that current anti-cancer strategies are insufficiently specific and damage the normal tissues. There's urgent need for development of new anti-cancer strategies. More recently, increasing attention has been paid to the new application of ferroptosis and nano materials in cancer research. Ferroptosis, a condition characterized by excessive reactive oxygen species-induced lipid peroxidation, as a new programmed cell death mode, exists in the process of a number of diseases, including cancers, neurodegenerative disease, cerebral hemorrhage, liver disease, and renal failure. There is growing evidence that inducing ferroptosis has proven to be an effective strategy against a variety of chemo-resistant cancer cells. Nano-drug delivery system based on nanotechnology provides a highly promising platform with the benefits of precise control of drug release and reduced toxicity and side effects. This paper reviews the latest advances of combination therapy strategies based on biomedical nanotechnology induced ferroptosis for cancer therapeutics. Given the new chances and challenges in this emerging area, we need more attention to the combination of nanotechnology and ferroptosis in the treatment of cancer in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Chen
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Jialin Shi
- The State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Institutes for Robotics and Intelligent Manufacturing, Chinese Academy of Sciences, PR China
| | - Dongzhi Yu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Siyuan Dong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Fujita S, Omokawa R, Yamana K, Kawasaki R, Miura R, Kondo T, Ikeda A. Photoacoustic Imaging Using Polysaccharide-Porphyrin Complexes by Photoirradiation at Long Wavelengths. Chem Asian J 2024:e202400571. [PMID: 38775047 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202400571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Photoacoustic (PA) imaging is a novel biological imaging technique with superior depth resolution compared to fluorescence imaging. The efficacy of PA imaging depends on contrast agents that possess considerable absorbance at longer wavelengths, coupled with high permeability in biological tissue and minimal fluorescence, achieved through mitigating aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) that attenuates PA intensity. Despite the successful transfer of porphyrin 2 featuring amino moieties from polysaccharides to liposomes, most of 2 incorporated within λ-carrageenan (CGN-2 complex) remained in CGN under acidic lysosomal conditions (pH 5.0). Consequently, the CGN-2 complex exhibited a strong PA signal under 680 nm photoirradiation in Colon26 cells owing to the ACQ of 2. Moreover, the PA intensity of the CGN-2 complex was further enhanced under 780 nm photoirradiation owing to the increased absorbance at 780 nm facilitated by the redshift of the Q-band at pH 5.0.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seiya Fujita
- Applied Chemistry Program, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8527, Japan
| | - Riku Omokawa
- Applied Chemistry Program, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8527, Japan
| | - Keita Yamana
- Applied Chemistry Program, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8527, Japan
| | - Riku Kawasaki
- Applied Chemistry Program, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8527, Japan
| | - Risako Miura
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Teruyuki Kondo
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Atsushi Ikeda
- Applied Chemistry Program, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8527, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chang Q, Wang P, Zeng Q, Wang X. A review on ferroptosis and photodynamic therapy synergism: Enhancing anticancer treatment. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28942. [PMID: 38601678 PMCID: PMC11004815 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent programmed cell death modality, which has showed great potential in anticancer treatment. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is widely used in clinic as an anticancer therapy. PDT combined with ferroptosis-promoting therapy has been found to be a promising strategy to improve anti-cancer therapy efficacy. Fenton reaction in ferroptosis can provide oxygen for PDT, and PDT can produce reactive oxygen species for Fenton reaction to enhance ferroptosis. In this review, we briefly present the importance of ferroptosis in anticancer treatment, mechanism of ferroptosis, researches on PDT induced ferroptosis, and the mechanism of the synergistic effect of PDT and ferroptosis on cancer killing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qihang Chang
- Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Peiru Wang
- Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Qingyu Zeng
- Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Xiuli Wang
- Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang N, Sun Q, Li J, Li J, Tang L, Zhao Q, Pu Y, Liang G, He B, Gao W, Chen J. A lipid/PLGA nanocomplex to reshape tumor immune microenvironment for colon cancer therapy. Regen Biomater 2024; 11:rbae036. [PMID: 38628547 PMCID: PMC11018539 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbae036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade therapy provides a new strategy for tumor treatment; however, the insufficient infiltration of cytotoxic T cells and immunosuppression in tumor microenvironment lead to unsatisfied effects. Herein, we reported a lipid/PLGA nanocomplex (RDCM) co-loaded with the photosensitizer Ce6 and the indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) inhibitor 1MT to improve immunotherapy of colon cancer. Arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) as the targeting moiety was conjugated on 1,2-distearoyl-snglycero-3-phosphoethanolamine lipid via polyethylene glycol (PEG), and programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) peptide inhibitor DPPA (sequence: CPLGVRGK-GGG-d(NYSKPTDRQYHF)) was immobilized on the terminal group of PEG via matrix metalloproteinase 2 sensitive peptide linker. The Ce6 and 1MT were encapsulated in PLGA nanoparticles. The drug loaded nanoparticles were composited with RGD and DPPA modified lipid and lecithin to form lipid/PLGA nanocomplexes. When the nanocomplexes were delivered to tumor, DPPA was released by the cleavage of a matrix metalloproteinase 2-sensitive peptide linker for PD-L1 binding. RGD facilitated the cellular internalization of nanocomplexes via avβ3 integrin. Strong immunogenic cell death was induced by 1O2 generated from Ce6 irradiation under 660 nm laser. 1MT inhibited the activity of IDO and reduced the inhibition of cytotoxic T cells caused by kynurenine accumulation in the tumor microenvironment. The RDCM facilitated the maturation of dendritic cells, inhibited the activity of IDO, and markedly recruited the proportion of tumor-infiltrating cytotoxic T cells in CT26 tumor-bearing mice, triggering a robust immunological memory effect, thus effectively preventing tumor metastasis. The results indicated that the RDCM with dual IDO and PD-L1 inhibition effects is a promising platform for targeted photoimmunotherapy of colon cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhang
- Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Qiqi Sun
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Junhua Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Jing Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Lei Tang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Quan Zhao
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Yuji Pu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | | | - Bin He
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Wenxia Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Jianlin Chen
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Prevention and Control Technology of Veterinary Drug Residue in Animal-origin Food, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Paul S, Ghosh S, Maity T, Behera PP, Mukherjee A, De P. Photocleavable Visible Light-Triggered Anthraquinone-Derived Water-Soluble Block Copolymer for Peroxynitrite Generation in Cancer Therapy. ACS Macro Lett 2024; 13:288-295. [PMID: 38368530 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.3c00728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
We report a facile stimuli-responsive strategy to generate reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS) in the biological milieu from a photocleavable water-soluble block copolymer under visible light irradiation (427 nm, 2.25 mW/cm2). An anthraquinone-based water-soluble polymeric nitric oxide (NO) donor (BCPx-NO) is synthesized, which exhibits NO release in the range of 40-65 μM within 10 h of photoirradiation with a half-life of 30-103 min. Additionally, BCPx-NO produces peroxynitrite (ONOO-) and singlet oxygen (1O2) under photoirradiation. To understand the mechanism of NO release and photolysis of the functional group under blue light, we prepared a small-molecule anthraquinone-based N-nitrosamine (NOD). The cellular investigation of the effect of spatiotemporally controlled ONOO- and 1O2 generation from the NO donor polymeric nanoparticles in a triple negative breast adenocarcinoma (MDA-MB-231) under visible light irradiation (white light, 5.83 mW/cm2; total dose 31.5 J/cm2) showed an IC50 of 0.6 mg/mL. The stimuli-responsive strategy using a photolabile water-soluble block copolymer employed to generate ROS and RNS in a biological setting widens the horizon for their potential in cancer therapy.
Collapse
|
6
|
Cai X, Liu W, Zhang J, Li Z, Liu M, Hu S, Luo J, Peng K, Ye B, Wang Y, Yan R. Study of Iron Complex Photosensitizer with Hollow Double-Shell Nano Structure Used to Enhance Ferroptosis and Photodynamic Therapy. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2309086. [PMID: 38321834 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202309086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Ferroptosis therapy, which uses ferroptosis inducers to produce lethal lipid peroxides and induce tumor cell death, is considered a promising cancer treatment strategy. However, challenges remain regarding how to increase the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the tumor microenvironment (TME) to enhance antitumor efficacy. In this study, a hyaluronic acid (HA) encapsulated hollow mesoporous manganese dioxide (H-MnO2 ) with double-shell nanostructure is designed to contain iron coordinated cyanine near-infrared dye IR783 (IR783-Fe) for synergistic ferroptosis photodynamic therapy against tumors. The nano photosensitizer IR783-Fe@MnO2 -HA, in which HA actively targets the CD44 receptor, subsequently dissociates and releases Fe3+ and IR783 in acidic TME. First, Fe3+ consumes glutathione to produce Fe2+ , which promotes the Fenton reaction in cells to produce hydroxyl free radicals (·OH) and induce ferroptosis of tumor cells. In addition, MnO2 catalyzes the production of O2 from H2 O2 and enhances the production of singlet oxygen (1 O2 ) by IR783 under laser irradiation, thus increasing the production and accumulation of ROS to provide photodynamic therapy. The highly biocompatible IR783-Fe@MnO2 -HA nano-photosensitizers have exhibited tumor-targeting ability and efficient tumor inhibition in vivo due to the synergistic effect of photodynamic and ferroptosis antitumor therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinrui Cai
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Weixing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Jiahao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Zhongrui Li
- Electron Microbeam Analysis Laboratory, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Mengkang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Shuo Hu
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Jun Luo
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Kai Peng
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Baofen Ye
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Ran Yan
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Pashootan P, Saadati F, Fahimi H, Rahmati M, Strippoli R, Zarrabi A, Cordani M, Moosavi MA. Metal-based nanoparticles in cancer therapy: Exploring photodynamic therapy and its interplay with regulated cell death pathways. Int J Pharm 2024; 649:123622. [PMID: 37989403 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) represents a non-invasive treatment strategy currently utilized in the clinical management of selected cancers and infections. This technique is predicated on the administration of a photosensitizer (PS) and subsequent irradiation with light of specific wavelengths, thereby generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) within targeted cells. The cellular effects of PDT are dependent on both the localization of the PS and the severity of ROS challenge, potentially leading to the stimulation of various cell death modalities. For many years, the concept of regulated cell death (RCD) triggered by photodynamic reactions predominantly encompassed apoptosis, necrosis, and autophagy. However, in recent decades, further explorations have unveiled additional cell death modalities, such as necroptosis, ferroptosis, cuproptosis, pyroptosis, parthanatos, and immunogenic cell death (ICD), which helps to achieve tumor cell elimination. Recently, nanoparticles (NPs) have demonstrated substantial advantages over traditional PSs and become important components of PDT, due to their improved physicochemical properties, such as enhanced solubility and superior specificity for targeted cells. This review aims to summarize recent advancements in the applications of different metal-based NPs as PSs or delivery systems for optimized PDT in cancer treatment. Furthermore, it mechanistically highlights the contribution of RCD pathways during PDT with metal NPs and how these forms of cell death can improve specific PDT regimens in cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Parya Pashootan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Medical Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, P.O Box 14965/161, Iran; Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Saadati
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Medical Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, P.O Box 14965/161, Iran
| | - Hossein Fahimi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marveh Rahmati
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Raffaele Strippoli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istinye University, Istanbul, 34396, Turkey; Department of Research Analytics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai - 600 077, India
| | - Marco Cordani
- Departament of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Mohammad Amin Moosavi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Medical Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, P.O Box 14965/161, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Farzipour S, Zefrei FJ, Bahadorikhalili S, Alvandi M, Salari A, Shaghaghi Z. Nanotechnology Utilizing Ferroptosis Inducers in Cancer Treatment. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2024; 24:571-589. [PMID: 38275050 DOI: 10.2174/0118715206278427231215111526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Current cancer treatment options have presented numerous challenges in terms of reaching high efficacy. As a result, an immediate step must be taken to create novel therapies that can achieve more than satisfying outcomes in the fight against tumors. Ferroptosis, an emerging form of regulated cell death (RCD) that is reliant on iron and reactive oxygen species, has garnered significant attention in the field of cancer therapy. Ferroptosis has been reported to be induced by a variety of small molecule compounds known as ferroptosis inducers (FINs), as well as several licensed chemotherapy medicines. These compounds' low solubility, systemic toxicity, and limited capacity to target tumors are some of the significant limitations that have hindered their clinical effectiveness. A novel cancer therapy paradigm has been created by the hypothesis that ferroptosis induced by nanoparticles has superior preclinical properties to that induced by small drugs and can overcome apoptosis resistance. Knowing the different ideas behind the preparation of nanomaterials that target ferroptosis can be very helpful in generating new ideas. Simultaneously, more improvement in nanomaterial design is needed to make them appropriate for therapeutic treatment. This paper first discusses the fundamentals of nanomedicine-based ferroptosis to highlight the potential and characteristics of ferroptosis in the context of cancer treatment. The latest study on nanomedicine applications for ferroptosis-based anticancer therapy is then highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soghra Farzipour
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Department of Cardiology, Heshmat Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Jalali Zefrei
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Department of Cardiology, Heshmat Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Saeed Bahadorikhalili
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Maryam Alvandi
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Arsalan Salari
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Department of Cardiology, Heshmat Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Zahra Shaghaghi
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Cancer Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Di Y, Deng R, Liu Z, Mao Y, Gao Y, Zhao Q, Wang S. Optimized strategies of ROS-based nanodynamic therapies for tumor theranostics. Biomaterials 2023; 303:122391. [PMID: 37995457 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a crucial role in regulating the metabolism of tumor growth, metastasis, death and other biological processes. ROS-based nanodynamic therapies (NDTs) are becoming attractive due to non-invasive, low side effects and tumor-specific advantages. NDTs have rapidly developed into numerous branches, such as photodynamic therapy, chemodynamic therapy, sonodynamic therapy and so on. However, the complexity of the tumor microenvironment and the limitations of existing sensitizers have greatly restricted the therapeutic effects of NDTs, which heavily rely on ROS levels. To address the limitations of NDTs, various strategies have been developed to increase ROS yield, which is an urgent aspect for the positive development of NDTs. In this review, the nanodynamic potentiation strategies in terms of unique properties and universalities of NDTs are comprehensively outlined. We mainly summarize the current dilemmas faced by each NDT and the respective solutions. Meanwhile, the NDTs universalities-based potentiation strategies and NDTs-based combined treatments are elaborated. Finally, we conclude with a discussion of the key issues and challenges faced in the development and clinical transformation of NDTs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Di
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110016, China
| | - Ruizhu Deng
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110016, China
| | - Zhu Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110016, China
| | - Yuling Mao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110016, China
| | - Yikun Gao
- School of Medical Devices, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Qinfu Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110016, China.
| | - Siling Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110016, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Huang Y, Li X, Zhang Z, Xiong L, Wang Y, Wen Y. Photodynamic Therapy Combined with Ferroptosis Is a Synergistic Antitumor Therapy Strategy. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5043. [PMID: 37894410 PMCID: PMC10604985 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15205043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a programmed death mode that regulates redox homeostasis in cells, and recent studies suggest that it is a promising mode of tumor cell death. Ferroptosis is regulated by iron metabolism, lipid metabolism, and intracellular reducing substances, which is the mechanism basis of its combination with photodynamic therapy (PDT). PDT generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) and 1O2 through type I and type II photochemical reactions, and subsequently induces ferroptosis through the Fenton reaction and the peroxidation of cell membrane lipids. PDT kills tumor cells by generating excessive cytotoxic ROS. Due to the limited laser depth and photosensitizer enrichment, the systemic treatment effect of PDT is not good. Combining PDT with ferroptosis can compensate for these shortcomings. Nanoparticles constructed by photosensitizers and ferroptosis agonists are widely used in the field of combination therapy, and their targeting and biological safety can be improved through modification. These nanoparticles not only directly kill tumor cells but also further exert the synergistic effect of PDT and ferroptosis by activating antitumor immunity, improving the hypoxia microenvironment, and inhibiting the tumor angiogenesis. Ferroptosis-agonist-induced chemotherapy and PDT-induced ablation also have good clinical application prospects. In this review, we summarize the current research progress on PDT and ferroptosis and how PDT and ferroptosis promote each other.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunpeng Huang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, China; (Y.H.); (Z.Z.); (L.X.)
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, China;
| | - Zijian Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, China; (Y.H.); (Z.Z.); (L.X.)
| | - Li Xiong
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, China; (Y.H.); (Z.Z.); (L.X.)
| | - Yongxiang Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, China; (Y.H.); (Z.Z.); (L.X.)
| | - Yu Wen
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, China; (Y.H.); (Z.Z.); (L.X.)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Xue W, Qiu K, Dong B, Guo D, Fu J, Zhu C, Niu Z. Disulfidptosis-associated long non-coding RNA signature predicts the prognosis, tumor microenvironment, and immunotherapy and chemotherapy options in colon adenocarcinoma. Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:218. [PMID: 37759294 PMCID: PMC10523716 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-03065-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disulfidptosis is independent of apoptosis, ferroptosis, and cuproptosis and is associated with cancer progression, treatment response, and prognosis. However, the predictive potential of disulfidptosis-associated lncRNAs in colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) and their features in the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) require further elucidation. METHODS RNA transcriptome, clinical information, and mutation data of COAD samples were obtained from the TCGA database. The risk model was first constructed by co-expression analysis of disulfidptosis genes and lncRNAs, and prognostic lncRNAs were screened using Cox regression, followed by least absolute shrinkage and selection operator analysis. Enrichment analyses were performed to explore the underlying biological functions and signaling of model-associated differentially expressed genes (MADEGs). Moreover, TIME of MADEGs was analyzed to assess the immunotherapy. Finally, the expression levels of the lncRNAs were verified by taking specimens of patients with COAD from the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University. RESULTS We constructed a prognosis-related risk model based on four disulfidptosis-associated lncRNAs (ZEB1-AS1, SNHG16, SATB2-AS1, and ALMS1-IT1). By analyzing the survival of patients in the whole, training, and test groups, we found that patients with COAD in the low-risk group had better overall survival than those in the high-risk group. Validation of the model via Cox analysis and clinical indicators demonstrated that the model had a decent potential for predicting the prognosis of patients with COAD. Enrichment analyses revealed that the MADEGs were related to disulfidptosis-associated biological functions and cancer pathways. Furthermore, patients with COAD in the high-risk group had more positive responses to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) than those in the low-risk group, as confirmed by TIME analysis. ZEB1-AS1, SNHG16, and ALMS1-IT1 were expressed at higher levels in tumor samples than those in the corresponding paracancerous samples (p < 0.05), whereas SATB2-AS1 was upregulated in the paracancerous samples (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS This signature may guide prognosis, molecular mechanisms, and treatment strategies, including ICIs and chemotherapy, in patients with COAD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Xue
- Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No.16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Kang Qiu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Bingzi Dong
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Dong Guo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No.16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Junhua Fu
- Department of Operation Room, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No.16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Chengzhan Zhu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266003, China.
| | - Zhaojian Niu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No.16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266003, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Chen X, Song P, Li W, Wang J, Gui T, Zhang W, Ge F, Zhu L. A pH-responsive polymer-coated CaO 2as oxygen-generating nanoparticle in situfor enhanced chemo-photodynamic synergistic therapy against tumors. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 34:455101. [PMID: 37544302 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aced9c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has emerged as an efficient strategy for tumor treatment. However, Insufficient amounts of inherent hypoxia and intrinsic hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in the tumor microenvironment severely constrained PDT, as oxygen is the critical substrate for photosensitivity reaction. Here, a pH-responsive H2O2and O2self-supplying hybrid nanoparticle was designed. Through, the calcium peroxide (CaO2) as carriers loading a chemotherapeutic drug a photosensitizer 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-aminophenyl) porphyrin (TAPP) and doxorubicin (DOX), was covered with polyacrylic acid (PAA) to build up a feature material DOX-TAPP-CaO2@OA@PAA (denoted as DTCOP) through the reverse microemulsion method. In the acidic tumor microenvironment conditions exposing the water-sensitive CaO2nanocore to generate hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and O2, the self-supplied O2alleviates hypoxia to enhance the PDT, and releasing DOX and TAPP. Synthetic characterization shows that the succeeded synthesized Nanocarriers could effectively carry DOX and TAPP to the tumor site and release O2at the low pH of TME. And the experimental results demonstrated that this interpose exogenous oxygen strategy is efficient at inhibition of tumor growth bothin vitroandin vivo. The nanocomposite exhibits excellent biocompatibility and the ability to inhibit tumor growth and has significant potential for the treatment of hypoxic tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolu Chen
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, 241000, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Song
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, 241000, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanzhen Li
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, 241000, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Wang
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, 241000, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Gui
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, 241000, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, 241000, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Ge
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, 241000, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Longbao Zhu
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, 241000, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Harmandar K, Küçük T, Önal E, İbişoğlu H, Atilla D, Şahin Ün Ş. New asymmetric AB3-type free-base and metalloporphyrin-cyclotriphosphazene conjugates: Synthesis and photophysical-photochemical properties. Inorganica Chim Acta 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2023.121487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
|
14
|
Wang H, Qiao C, Guan Q, Wei M, Li Z. Nanoparticle-mediated synergistic anticancer effect of ferroptosis and photodynamic therapy: Novel insights and perspectives. Asian J Pharm Sci 2023; 18:100829. [PMID: 37588992 PMCID: PMC10425855 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2023.100829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Current antitumor monotherapy has many limitations, highlighting the need for novel synergistic anticancer strategies. Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent form of nonapoptotic cell death that plays a pivotal regulatory role in tumorigenesis and treatment. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) causes irreversible chemical damage to target lesions and is widely used in antitumor therapy. However, PDT's effectiveness is usually hindered by several obstacles, such as hypoxia, excess glutathione (GSH), and tumor resistance. Ferroptosis improves the anticancer efficacy of PDT by increasing oxygen and reactive oxygen species (ROS) or reducing GSH levels, and PDT also enhances ferroptosis induction due to the ROS effect in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Strategies based on nanoparticles (NPs) can subtly exploit the potential synergy of ferroptosis and PDT. This review explores recent advances and current challenges in the landscape of the underlying mechanisms regulating ferroptosis and PDT, as well as nano delivery system-mediated synergistic anticancer activity. These include polymers, biomimetic materials, metal organic frameworks (MOFs), inorganics, and carrier-free NPs. Finally, we highlight future perspectives of this novel emerging paradigm in targeted cancer therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haiying Wang
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Chu Qiao
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Qiutong Guan
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Minjie Wei
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Zhenhua Li
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Yu M, Cao R, Ma Z, Zhu M. Development of "smart" drug delivery systems for chemo/PDT synergistic treatment. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:1416-1433. [PMID: 36734612 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb02248f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Although chemotherapy and photodynamic therapy (PDT) have been developed for fighting cancer, the complex and heterogeneous nature of tumors makes it difficult for a single therapy to completely inhibit tumor growth. In order to reduce multidrug resistance of cancer cells to chemotherapeutic drugs and overcome low PDT efficiency in the hypoxic tumor microenvironment (TME), chemo/PDT synergistic treatment has received much attention in recent years. Depending on the characteristic signals of TME, various drug delivery systems can be constructed to target tumors and improve the therapeutic efficacy and the pharmacokinetic profile of anticancer drugs. This review highlights the synergistic strategies, treatment protocols, and design of chemo/PDT co-therapy in recent years to explore its scope and limitations. Taking advantage of stimuli-responsive materials and active cancer-targeting agents, cancer-targeting synergistic therapy is presented and discussed, providing ideas and suggestions for the construction of chemo/PDT co-therapy "smart" nanocarriers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai 201620, China.
| | - Ran Cao
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai 201620, China.
| | - Zhiyuan Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai 201620, China.
| | - Meifang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai 201620, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ding Y, Pan Q, Gao W, Pu Y, Luo K, He B. Reactive oxygen species-upregulating nanomedicines towards enhanced cancer therapy. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:1182-1214. [PMID: 36606593 DOI: 10.1039/d2bm01833k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a crucial role in physiological and pathological processes, emerging as a therapeutic target in cancer. Owing to the high concentration of ROS in solid tumor tissues, ROS-based treatments, such as photodynamic therapy and chemodynamic therapy, and ROS-responsive drug delivery systems have been widely explored to powerfully and specifically suppress tumors. However, their anticancer efficacy is still hampered by the heterogeneous ROS levels, and thus comprehensively upregulating the ROS levels in tumor tissues can ensure an enhanced therapeutic effect, which can further sensitize and/or synergize with other therapies to inhibit tumor growth and metastasis. Herein, we review the recently emerging drug delivery strategies and technologies for increasing the H2O2, ˙OH, 1O2, and ˙O2- concentrations in cancer cells, including the efficient delivery of natural enzymes, nanozymes, small molecular biological molecules, and nanoscale Fenton-reagents and semiconductors and neutralization of intracellular antioxidant substances and localized input of mechanical and electromagnetic waves (such as ultrasound, near infrared light, microwaves, and X-rays). The applications of these ROS-upregulating nanosystems in enhancing and synergizing cancer therapies including chemotherapy, chemodynamic therapy, phototherapy, and immunotherapy are surveyed. In addition, we discuss the challenges of ROS-upregulating systems and the prospects for future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Ding
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
| | - Qingqing Pan
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Wenxia Gao
- College of Chemistry & Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Yuji Pu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
| | - Kui Luo
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Functional and molecular imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Bin He
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Wang Z, Li L, Wang W, Wang R, Li G, Bian H, Zhu D, Bryce MR. Self-assembled nanoparticles based on cationic mono-/AIE tetra-nuclear Ir(III) complexes: long wavelength absorption/near-infrared emission photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:1595-1601. [PMID: 36651815 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt03809a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Cyclometalated Ir(III) complexes as photosensitizers (PSs) have attracted widespread attention because of their good photostability and efficient 1O2 production ability. However, their strong absorption in the UV-vis region severely limits their applications in photodynamic therapy (PDT) because the short wavelength illuminating light can be easily absorbed by the skin and subcutaneous adipose tissue causing damage to the patient's normal tissue. Herein, mono- and tetra-nuclear Ir(III) complex-porphyrin conjugates are rationally designed and synthesized, especially [TPP-4Ir]4+ exhibits obvious aggregation-induced emission (AIE) characteristics. PSs comprising Ir(III) complex-porphyrin conjugates self-assembled as nanoparticles (NPs) are successfully achieved. The obtained [TPP-Ir]+ NPs and [TPP-4Ir]4+ NPs exhibit long wavelength absorption (500-700 nm) and near-infrared emission (635-750 nm), successfully overcoming the inherent defects of short wavelength absorption of traditional Ir(III) complexes. Moreover, [TPP-4Ir]4+ NPs exhibit good biocompatibility, high 1O2 generation ability, low half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) (0.47 × 10-6 M), potent cytotoxicity toward cancer cells and superior cellular uptake under white light irradiation. This work extends the scope for transition metal complex PSs with promising clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Nanobiosensing and Nanobioanalysis at Universities of Jilin Province, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin Province 130024, P. R. China.
| | - Lijuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Nanobiosensing and Nanobioanalysis at Universities of Jilin Province, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin Province 130024, P. R. China.
| | - Weijin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Nanobiosensing and Nanobioanalysis at Universities of Jilin Province, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin Province 130024, P. R. China.
| | - Runlin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Nanobiosensing and Nanobioanalysis at Universities of Jilin Province, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin Province 130024, P. R. China.
| | - Guangzhe Li
- Jilin Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Center of Health Food of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin Province 130117, P. R. China.
| | - Hang Bian
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Jilin Jianzhu University, Changchun 130118, China.
| | - Dongxia Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Nanobiosensing and Nanobioanalysis at Universities of Jilin Province, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin Province 130024, P. R. China.
| | - Martin R Bryce
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Wang D, Peng Y, Li Y, Kpegah JKSK, Chen S. Multifunctional inorganic biomaterials: New weapons targeting osteosarcoma. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 9:1105540. [PMID: 36660426 PMCID: PMC9846365 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.1105540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the malignant tumor with the highest incidence rate among primary bone tumors and with a high mortality rate. The anti-osteosarcoma materials are the cross field between material science and medicine, having a wide range of application prospects. Among them, biological materials, such as compounds from black phosphorous, magnesium, zinc, copper, silver, etc., becoming highly valued in the biological materials field as well as in orthopedics due to their good biocompatibility, similar mechanical properties with biological bones, good biodegradation effect, and active antibacterial and anti-tumor effects. This article gives a comprehensive review of the research progress of anti-osteosarcoma biomaterials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China,*Correspondence: Shijie Chen,
| | - Yi Peng
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China,*Correspondence: Shijie Chen,
| | - Yuezhan Li
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China,College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Science, School of Medicine, Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), University of Galway, Galway, Ireland,*Correspondence: Shijie Chen,
| | | | - Shijie Chen
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Shijie Chen,
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Biomimetic photosensitizer nanocrystals trigger enhanced ferroptosis for improving cancer treatment. J Control Release 2022; 352:1116-1133. [PMID: 36402233 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
As a novel non-apoptotic cell death pathway, ferroptosis can effectively enhance the antitumor effects of photodynamic therapy (PDT) by disrupting intracellular redox homeostasis. However, the reported nanocomposites that combined the PDT and ferroptosis are cumbersome to prepare, and the unfavorable tumor microenvironment also severely interferes with their tumor suppressive effects. To address this inherent barrier, this study attempted to explore photosensitizers that could activate ferroptosis pathway and found that the photosensitizer aloe-emodin (AE) could induce cellular ferroptosis based on its specific inhibiting activity to Glutathione S-transferase P1(GSTP1), a key protein for ferroptosis. Herein, we prepared AE@RBC/Fe nanocrystals (NCs) with synergistic PDT and ferroptosis therapeutic effects by one-step emulsification to obtain AE NCs cores and further modification of red blood cells (RBC) membranes and ferritin. Benefiting from the involvement of ferritin, the prepared AE@RBC/Fe NCs provide not only sufficient oxygen for oxygen-dependent PDT, but also Fe3+ for iron-dependent ferroptosis in tumor cells. Furthermore, the biomimetic surface functionalization facilitated the prolonged circulation and cancer targeting of AE@RBC/Fe NCs in vivo. The in vitro and in vivo results demonstrate that AE@RBC/Fe NCs exhibit significantly enhanced therapeutic effects for the combined two antitumor mechanisms and provide a promising prospect for achieving PDT/ferroptosis synergistic therapy.
Collapse
|
20
|
Li C, Wu X, Zheng C, Xu S, Liu Y, Qin J, Fan X, Ye Y, Fei W. Nanotechnology-integrated ferroptosis inducers: a sharp sword against tumor drug resistance. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:7671-7693. [PMID: 36043505 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb01350a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Presently, the biggest hurdle to cancer therapy is the inevitable emergence of drug resistance. Since conventional therapeutic schedules fall short of the expectations in curbing drug resistance, the development of novel drug resistance management strategies is critical. Extensive research over the last decade has revealed that the process of ferroptosis is correlated with cancer resistance; moreover, it has been demonstrated that ferroptosis inducers reverse drug resistance. To elucidate the development and promote the clinical transformation of ferroptosis strategies in cancer therapy, we first analyzed the roles of key ferroptosis-regulating molecules in the progression of drug resistance in-depth and then reviewed the design of ferroptosis-inducing strategies based on nanotechnology for overcoming drug resistance, including glutathione depletion, reactive oxygen species generation, iron donation, lipid peroxidation aggregation, and multiple-drug resistance-associated tumor cell destruction. Finally, the prospects and challenges of regulating ferroptosis as a therapeutic strategy for reversing cancer therapy resistance were evaluated. This review aimed to provide a comprehensive understanding for researchers to develop ferroptosis-inducing nanoplatforms that can overcome drug resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chaoqun Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China.
| | - Xiaodong Wu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Caihong Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China.
| | - Shanshan Xu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Yunxi Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China.
| | - Jiale Qin
- Department of Ultrasound, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Xiaoyu Fan
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
| | - Yiqing Ye
- Department of Pharmacy, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China.
| | - Weidong Fei
- Department of Pharmacy, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Cun JE, Pan Y, Zhang Z, Lu Y, Li J, Pan Q, Gao W, Luo K, He B, Pu Y. Photo-enhanced upcycling H 2O 2 into hydroxyl radicals by IR780-embedded Fe 3O 4@MIL-100 for intense nanocatalytic tumor therapy. Biomaterials 2022; 287:121687. [PMID: 35872555 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS)-based nanocatalytic tumor therapy is alluring owing to the capability to generate highly cytotoxic ∙OH radicals from tumoral H2O2. However, the antitumor efficacy is highly dependent on the radical generation efficiency and challenged by the high levels of antioxidative glutathione (GSH) in cancer cells. Herein, we report an IR-780 decorated, GSH-depleting Fe3O4@MIL-100 (IFM) nanocomposite for photo-enhanced tumor catalytic therapy by extensive production of ∙OH, which is realized by an integration of excellent peroxidase-like activity of IFM, selective upregulation of tumoral H2O2 by β-lapachone, and localized hyperthermia by near infrared light irradiation. IFM shows potentiated antiproliferative effect in 4T1 cancer cells by ∙OH overproduction and glutathione scavenging, inducing intracellular redox dyshomeostasis and cell death by concurrent apoptosis and ferroptosis. In vivo antitumor investigation further demonstrates photoacoustic and fluorescence imaging-guided combinational therapy with a tumor inhibition rate of 96.4%. This study provides a strategy of photo-enhanced nanocatalytic tumor therapy by tumor-specific H2O2 amplification and hyperthermia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ju-E Cun
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Yang Pan
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Zhuangzhuang Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Yao Lu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Junhua Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Qingqing Pan
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China
| | - Wenxia Gao
- College of Chemistry & Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Kui Luo
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Bin He
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Yuji Pu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Polymeric Nanosystems Applied for Metal-Based Drugs and Photosensitizers Delivery: The State of the Art and Recent Advancements. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14071506. [PMID: 35890401 PMCID: PMC9320085 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14071506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology-based approaches for targeting the delivery and controlled release of metal-based therapeutic agents have revealed significant potential as tools for enhancing the therapeutic effect of metal-based agents and minimizing their systemic toxicities. In this context, a series of polymer-based nanosized systems designed to physically load or covalently conjugate metal-based therapeutic agents have been remarkably improving their bioavailability and anticancer efficacy. Initially, the polymeric nanocarriers were applied for platinum-based chemotherapeutic agents resulting in some nanoformulations currently in clinical tests and even in medical applications. At present, these nanoassemblies have been slowly expanding for nonplatinum-containing metal-based chemotherapeutic agents. Interestingly, for metal-based photosensitizers (PS) applied in photodynamic therapy (PDT), especially for cancer treatment, strategies employing polymeric nanocarriers have been investigated for almost 30 years. In this review, we address the polymeric nanocarrier-assisted metal-based therapeutics agent delivery systems with a specific focus on non-platinum systems; we explore some biological and physicochemical aspects of the polymer–metallodrug assembly. Finally, we summarize some recent advances in polymeric nanosystems coupled with metal-based compounds that present potential for successful clinical applications as chemotherapeutic or photosensitizing agents. We hope this review can provide a fertile ground for the innovative design of polymeric nanosystems for targeting the delivery and controlled release of metal-containing therapeutic agents.
Collapse
|
23
|
Ma X, Li SJ, Liu Y, Zhang T, Xue P, Kang Y, Sun ZJ, Xu Z. Bioengineered nanogels for cancer immunotherapy. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:5136-5174. [PMID: 35666131 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00247g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Recent years have witnessed increasingly rapid advances in nanocarrier-based biomedicine aimed at improving treatment paradigms for cancer. Nanogels serve as multipurpose and constructed vectors formed via intramolecular cross-linking to generate drug delivery systems, which is attributed predominantly to their satisfactory biocompatibility, bio-responsiveness, high stability, and low toxicity. Recently, immunotherapy has experienced unprecedented growth and has become the preferred strategy for cancer treatment, and mainly involves the mobilisation of the immune system and an enhanced anti-tumour immunity of the tumour microenvironment. Despite the inspiring success, immunotherapeutic strategies are limited due to the low response rates and immune-related adverse events. Like other nanomedicines, nanogels are comparably limited by lower focal enrichment rates upon introduction into the organism via injection. Because nanogels are three-dimensional cross-linked aqueous materials that exhibit similar properties to natural tissues and are structurally stable, they can comfortably cope with shear forces and serum proteins in the bloodstream, and the longer circulation life increases the chance of nanogel accumulation in the tumour, conferring deep tumour penetration. The large specific surface area can reduce or eliminate off-target effects by introducing stimuli-responsive functional groups, allowing multiple physical and chemical modifications for specific purposes to improve targeting to specific immune cell subpopulations or immune organs, increasing the bioavailability of the drug, and conferring a low immune-related adverse events on nanogel therapies. The slow release upon reaching the tumour site facilitates long-term awakening of the host's immune system, ultimately achieving enhanced therapeutic effects. As an effective candidate for cancer immunotherapy, nanogel-based immunotherapy has been widely used. In this review, we mainly summarize the recent advances of nanogel-based immunotherapy to deliver immunomodulatory small molecule drugs, antibodies, genes and cytokines, to target antigen presenting cells, form cancer vaccines, and enable chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy. Future challenges as well as expected and feasible prospects for clinical treatment are also highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xianbin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, School of Materials and Energy & Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft-Matter Material Chemistry and Function Manufacturing, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Shu-Jin Li
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China.
| | - Yuantong Liu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China.
| | - Tian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, School of Materials and Energy & Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft-Matter Material Chemistry and Function Manufacturing, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Peng Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, School of Materials and Energy & Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft-Matter Material Chemistry and Function Manufacturing, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Yuejun Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, School of Materials and Energy & Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft-Matter Material Chemistry and Function Manufacturing, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Zhi-Jun Sun
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China.
| | - Zhigang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, School of Materials and Energy & Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft-Matter Material Chemistry and Function Manufacturing, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Di Giorgio E, Ferino A, Choudhary H, Löffler PMG, D'Este F, Rapozzi V, Tikhomirov A, Shchekotikhin A, Vogel S, Xodo LE. Photosensitization of pancreatic cancer cells by cationic alkyl-porphyrins in free form or engrafted into POPC liposomes: The relationship between delivery mode and mechanism of cell death. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2022; 231:112449. [PMID: 35504235 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2022.112449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cationic porphyrins bearing an alkyl side chain of 14 (2b) or 18 (2d) carbons dramatically inhibit proliferation of pancreatic cancer cells following treatment with light. We have compared two different ways of delivering porphyrin 2d: either in free form or engrafted into palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine liposomes (L-2d). Cell cytometry shows that while free 2d is taken up by pancreatic cancer cells by active (endocytosis) and passive (membrane fusion) transports, L-2d is internalized solely by endocytosis. Confocal microscopy showed that free 2d co-localizes with the cell membrane and lysosomes, whereas L-2d partly co-localizes with lysosomes and ER. It is found that free 2d inhibits the KRAS-Nrf2-GPX4 axis and strongly triggers lipid peroxidation, resulting in cell death by ferroptosis. By contrast, L-2d does not affect the KRAS-Nrf2-GPX4 axis and activates cell death mainly through apoptosis. Overall, our study demonstrates for the first time that cationic alkyl porphyrins, which have a IC50 ~ 23 nM, activate a dual mechanism of cell death, ferroptosis and apoptosis, where the predominant form depends on the delivery mode.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eros Di Giorgio
- Department of Medicine, Laboratory of Biochemistry, University of Udine, P.le Kolbe 4, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Annalisa Ferino
- Department of Medicine, Laboratory of Biochemistry, University of Udine, P.le Kolbe 4, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Himanshi Choudhary
- Department of Medicine, Laboratory of Biochemistry, University of Udine, P.le Kolbe 4, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Phillip M G Löffler
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Francesca D'Este
- Department of Medicine, Laboratory of Biochemistry, University of Udine, P.le Kolbe 4, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Valentina Rapozzi
- Department of Medicine, Laboratory of Biochemistry, University of Udine, P.le Kolbe 4, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | | | | | - Stefan Vogel
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Luigi E Xodo
- Department of Medicine, Laboratory of Biochemistry, University of Udine, P.le Kolbe 4, 33100 Udine, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
He M, Du C, Xia J, Zhang ZG, Dong CM. Multivalent Polypeptide and Tannic Acid Cooperatively Iron-Coordinated Nanohybrids for Synergistic Cancer Photothermal Ferroptosis Therapy. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:2655-2666. [PMID: 35583462 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c00409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Owing to having a unique mechanism to kill cancer cells via the membrane accumulation of lipid peroxide (LPO) and the downregulation of glutathione peroxidase-4 (GPX-4), the ferroptosis therapy (FT) of tumors based on the Fenton reaction of iron nanoparticles has been receiving much attention in the past decade; however, there are some hurdles including the uncontrollable release of iron ions, slower kinetics of the intracellular Fenton reaction, and poor efficacy of FT that need to be overcome. Considering cooperative coordination of a multivalent thiol-pendant polypeptide ligand with iron ions, we put forward a facile strategy for constructing the iron-coordinated nanohybrid of methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine-grafted polycysteine/iron ions/tannic acid (i.e., PCFT), which could deliver a higher concentration of iron ions into cells. The dynamic and unsaturated coordination in PCFT is favorable for the intracellular stimuli-triggered release and fast Fenton reaction to realize efficient FT, while its intrinsic photothermia would boost the Fenton reaction to induce a synergistic effect between FT and photothermal therapy (PTT). Both immunofluorescence analyses of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and LPO confirmed that the intracellular Fenton reaction resulted in efficient FT, during which process the photothermia greatly boosted ferroptosis, and the Western blot assay corroborated that the expression level of GPX-4 was downregulated by FT and highly degraded by the photothermia to induce synergistic PTT-FT in vitro. Excitingly, by a single intravenous dose of PCFT plus one NIR irradiation, in vivo PTT-FT treatment completely eradicated 4T1 tumors without skin scar and tumor recurrence for 16 days, demonstrating prominent antitumor efficacy, as evidenced by the GPX-4, H&E, and TUNEL assays.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Chang Du
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Jindong Xia
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Songjiang District Central Hospital, Shanghai 201600, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Gang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Chang-Ming Dong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Mishchenko T, Balalaeva I, Gorokhova A, Vedunova M, Krysko DV. Which cell death modality wins the contest for photodynamic therapy of cancer? Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:455. [PMID: 35562364 PMCID: PMC9106666 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04851-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) was discovered more than 100 years ago. Since then, many protocols and agents for PDT have been proposed for the treatment of several types of cancer. Traditionally, cell death induced by PDT was categorized into three types: apoptosis, cell death associated with autophagy, and necrosis. However, with the discovery of several other regulated cell death modalities in recent years, it has become clear that this is a rather simple understanding of the mechanisms of action of PDT. New observations revealed that cancer cells exposed to PDT can pass through various non-conventional cell death pathways, such as paraptosis, parthanatos, mitotic catastrophe, pyroptosis, necroptosis, and ferroptosis. Nowadays, immunogenic cell death (ICD) has become one of the most promising ways to eradicate tumor cells by activation of the T-cell adaptive immune response and induction of long-term immunological memory. ICD can be triggered by many anti-cancer treatment methods, including PDT. In this review, we critically discuss recent findings on the non-conventional cell death mechanisms triggered by PDT. Next, we emphasize the role and contribution of ICD in these PDT-induced non-conventional cell death modalities. Finally, we discuss the obstacles and propose several areas of research that will help to overcome these challenges and lead to the development of highly effective anti-cancer therapy based on PDT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Mishchenko
- grid.28171.3d0000 0001 0344 908XInstitute of Biology and Biomedicine, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation
| | - Irina Balalaeva
- grid.28171.3d0000 0001 0344 908XInstitute of Biology and Biomedicine, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation
| | - Anastasia Gorokhova
- grid.28171.3d0000 0001 0344 908XInstitute of Biology and Biomedicine, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation
| | - Maria Vedunova
- grid.28171.3d0000 0001 0344 908XInstitute of Biology and Biomedicine, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitri V. Krysko
- grid.28171.3d0000 0001 0344 908XInstitute of Biology and Biomedicine, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation ,grid.5342.00000 0001 2069 7798Cell Death Investigation and Therapy Laboratory, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium ,grid.510942.bCancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium ,grid.448878.f0000 0001 2288 8774Department of Pathophysiology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Zhang WY, Li GC, Li YY, Fan Y, Sun XQ, Zhang QB, Hou BJ, Xu WB, Jin NZ, Feng XX, Liu JC. Water-soluble porphyrin photosensitizers containing electron-withdrawing and electron-donating groups for photodynamic therapy. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2022. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424622500304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy is used to treat a variety of cancers. In this paper, water-soluble porphyrin photosensitizers (H2P1[Formula: see text]H2P3) for photodynamic therapy were synthesized, containing three groups -CH3, -CN, and -CF3. Density functional theory is used to optimize the structure of H2P1-H2P3 and calculate the [Formula: see text]E value. The smaller the value of [Formula: see text]E, the more favorable the electron transfer and thus the higher activity of the porphyrin photosensitizers. Due to the electron-withdrawing groups of -CN and -CF3, H2P2 and H2P3 have lower [Formula: see text]E values, higher reactive oxygen species yields compared with H2P1. The H2P2 porphyrin photosensitizers showed positive photodynamic therapeutic activity against hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG2) and good compatibility with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) by cellular anticancer activity assay. The anti-cancer mechanism of PSs was explained by living and dead cell staining experiment and intracellular reactive oxygen species experiment. PSs produced reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cancer cells under light irradiation, which induced cancer cell apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Yuan Zhang
- The College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, P. R. China
| | - Gui-Chen Li
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Yan Li
- The College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, P. R. China
| | - Yan Fan
- The College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, P. R. China
| | - Xue-Qin Sun
- The College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, P. R. China
| | - Qi-Bin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cloud Computing of Gansu Province, Gansu Computing Center, Lanzhou, 730030, P. R. China
| | - Bing-Jie Hou
- The College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, P. R. China
| | - Wei-Bing Xu
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Neng-Zhi Jin
- Key Laboratory of Cloud Computing of Gansu Province, Gansu Computing Center, Lanzhou, 730030, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Xia Feng
- The College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Cheng Liu
- The College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Mollaeva MR, Nikolskaya E, Beganovskaya V, Sokol M, Chirkina M, Obydennyi S, Belykh D, Startseva O, Mollaev MD, Yabbarov N. Oxidative Damage Induced by Phototoxic Pheophorbide a 17-Diethylene Glycol Ester Encapsulated in PLGA Nanoparticles. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1985. [PMID: 34943088 PMCID: PMC8750000 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10121985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Pheophorbide a 17-diethylene glycol ester (XL-8), is a promising high-active derivative of known photosensitizer chlorin e6 used in photodynamic therapy. However, high lipophilicity and poor tumor accumulation limit XL-8 therapeutic application. We developed a novel XL-8 loaded with poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles using the single emulsion-solvent evaporation method. The nanoparticles possessed high XL-8 loading content (4.6%) and encapsulation efficiency (87.7%) and a small size (182 ± 19 nm), and negative surface charge (-22.2 ± 3.8 mV) contributed to a specific intracellular accumulation. Sustained biphasic XL-8 release from nanoparticles enhanced the photosensitizer photostability upon irradiation that could potentially reduce the quantity of the drug applied. Additionally, the encapsulation of XL-8 in the polymer matrix preserved phototoxic activity of the payload. The nanoparticles displayed enhanced cellular internalization. Flow cytometry and confocal laser-scanning microscopy studies revealed rapid XL-8 loaded nanoparticles distribution throughout the cell and initiation of DNA damage, glutathione depletion, and lipid peroxidation via reactive oxygen species formation. The novel nanoformulated XL-8 simultaneously revealed a significant phototoxicity accompanied with enhanced photostability, in contrast with traditional photosensitizers, and demonstrated a great potential for further in vivo studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariia R. Mollaeva
- N.M. Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (E.N.); (M.S.); (M.C.)
- JSC Russian Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics and Therapy, 117149 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Elena Nikolskaya
- N.M. Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (E.N.); (M.S.); (M.C.)
- JSC Russian Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics and Therapy, 117149 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Veronika Beganovskaya
- JSC Russian Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics and Therapy, 117149 Moscow, Russia;
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Technologies and Biomedical Products, Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology, 125047 Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria Sokol
- N.M. Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (E.N.); (M.S.); (M.C.)
- JSC Russian Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics and Therapy, 117149 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Margarita Chirkina
- N.M. Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (E.N.); (M.S.); (M.C.)
- JSC Russian Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics and Therapy, 117149 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Sergey Obydennyi
- Center for Theoretical Problems of Physicochemical Pharmacology, 119334 Moscow, Russia;
- Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, 117198 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Dmitry Belykh
- Institute of Chemistry of Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia;
| | - Olga Startseva
- Pitirim Sorokin Syktyvkar State University, 167001 Syktyvkar, Russia;
| | - Murad D. Mollaev
- Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, 117198 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Nikita Yabbarov
- N.M. Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (E.N.); (M.S.); (M.C.)
- JSC Russian Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics and Therapy, 117149 Moscow, Russia;
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Chen M, Nie Z, Li Y, Gao Y, Wen X, Cao H, Zhang S. A New Ferroptosis-Related lncRNA Signature Predicts the Prognosis of Bladder Cancer Patients. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:699804. [PMID: 34869304 PMCID: PMC8635160 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.699804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Ferroptosis is closely related to the occurrence and development of cancer. An increasing number of studies have induced ferroptosis as a treatment strategy for cancer. However, the predictive value of ferroptosis-related lncRNAs in bladder cancer (BC) still need to be further elucidated. The purpose of this study was to construct a predictive signature based on ferroptosis-related long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) to predict the prognosis of BC patients. Methods: We downloaded RNA-seq data and the corresponding clinical and prognostic data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and performed univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses to obtain ferroptosis-related lncRNAs to construct a predictive signature. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to analyze the overall survival (OS) rate of the high-risk and low-risk groups. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was performed to explore the functional differences between the high- and low-risk groups. Single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) was used to explore the relationship between the predictive signature and immune status. Finally, the correlation between the predictive signature and the treatment response of BC patients was analyzed. Results: We constructed a signature composed of nine ferroptosis-related lncRNAs (AL031775.1, AL162586.1, AC034236.2, LINC01004, OCIAD1-AS1, AL136084.3, AP003352.1, Z84484.1, AC022150.2). Compared with the low-risk group, the high-risk group had a worse prognosis. The ferroptosis-related lncRNA signature could independently predict the prognosis of patients with BC. Compared with clinicopathological variables, the ferroptosis-related lncRNA signature has a higher diagnostic efficiency, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.707. When patients were stratified according to different clinicopathological variables, the OS of patients in the high-risk group was shorter than that of those in the low-risk group. GSEA showed that tumor- and immune-related pathways were mainly enriched in the high-risk group. ssGSEA showed that the predictive signature was significantly related to the immune status of BC patients. High-risk patients were more sensitive to anti-PD-1/L1 immunotherapy and the conventional chemotherapy drugs sunitinib, paclitaxel, cisplatin, and docetaxel. Conclusion: The predictive signature can independently predict the prognosis of BC patients, provides a basis for the mechanism of ferroptosis-related lncRNAs in BC and provides clinical treatment guidance for patients with BC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mei Chen
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, Haikou, China
| | - Zhenyu Nie
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, Haikou, China
| | - Yan Li
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, Haikou, China
| | - Yuanhui Gao
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, Haikou, China
| | - Xiaohong Wen
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, Haikou, China
| | - Hui Cao
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, Haikou, China
| | - Shufang Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, Haikou, China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Tao J, Li C, Zheng Y, Wang F, Zhang M, Wu X, Chen Y, Zeng Q, Chen F, Fei W. Biological protein mediated ferroptotic tumor nanotherapeutics. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:9262-9284. [PMID: 34730601 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb01289d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Ferroptosis, a cell death pathway involving iron-related generation of lipid hydroperoxides for achieving incredible tumor suppression, has reignited the hope of chemotherapy in tumor treatment in the past decade. With extensive research studies, various bioactive proteins and cellular pathways have been demonstrated to regulate the occurrence and development of ferroptosis. The gradually established ferroptotic regulatory network is conducive to find effective proteins from a holistic perspective and guides better designs for future ferroptotic tumor therapies. The first section of this review summarizes the recent advances in ferroptotic regulatory mechanisms of proteins and attempts to clarify their latent function in the ferroptotic regulatory network. Second, the existing protein-mediated ferroptotic tumor nanotherapeutic strategies were reviewed, including the protein-mediated iron supplement, cell membrane transporter inhibition, glutathione peroxidase 4 interference, glutathione depletion, bioenzyme-mediated reactive oxygen species generation, heat shock protein inhibition, and tumor-overexpressed protein-triggered drug release for ferroptotic therapy. Finally, the future expectations and challenges of ferroptotic tumor nanotherapeutics for clinical cancer therapy are highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaoyang Tao
- Department of Pharmacy, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Chaoqun Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China.
| | - Yongquan Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China.
| | - Fengmei Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China.
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China.
| | - Xiaodong Wu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yue Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China.
| | - Qingquan Zeng
- Eye Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Fengying Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China.
| | - Weidong Fei
- Department of Pharmacy, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Biocompatible Nanocarriers for Enhanced Cancer Photodynamic Therapy Applications. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13111933. [PMID: 34834348 PMCID: PMC8624654 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13111933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the role of nanotechnology in drug delivery has become increasingly important, and this field of research holds many potential benefits for cancer treatment, particularly, in achieving cancer cell targeting and reducing the side effects of anticancer drugs. Biocompatible and biodegradable properties have been essential for using a novel material as a carrier molecule in drug delivery applications. Biocompatible nanocarriers are easy to synthesize, and their surface chemistry often enables them to load different types of photosensitizers (PS) to use targeted photodynamic therapy (PDT) for cancer treatment. This review article explores recent studies on the use of different biocompatible nanocarriers, their potential applications in PDT, including PS-loaded biocompatible nanocarriers, and the effective targeting therapy of PS-loaded biocompatible nanocarriers in PDT for cancer treatment. Furthermore, the review briefly recaps the global clinical trials of PDT and its applications in cancer treatment.
Collapse
|
32
|
Guan Q, Zhou LL, Dong YB. Ferroptosis in cancer therapeutics: a materials chemistry perspective. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:8906-8936. [PMID: 34505861 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb01654g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Ferroptosis, distinct from apoptosis, is a regulated form of cell death caused by lipid peroxidation that has attracted extensive research interest since it was first defined in 2012. Over the past five years, an increasing number of studies have revealed the close relationship between ferroptosis and materials chemistry, in particular nanobiotechnology, and have concluded that nanotechnology-triggered ferroptosis is an efficient and promising antitumor strategy that provides an alternative therapeutic approach, especially for apoptosis-resistant tumors. In this review, we summarize recent advances in ferroptosis-induced tumor therapy at the intersection of materials chemistry, redox biology, and tumor biology. The biological features and molecular mechanisms of ferroptosis are first outlined, followed by a summary of the feasible strategies to induce ferroptosis using nanomaterials and the applications of ferroptosis in combined tumor therapy. Finally, the existing challenges and future development directions in this emerging field are discussed, with the aim of promoting the progress of ferroptosis-based oncotherapy in materials science and nanoscience and enriching the antitumor arsenal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qun Guan
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China.
| | - Le-Le Zhou
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China.
| | - Yu-Bin Dong
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Light-Activated Protoporphyrin IX-Based Polysilsesquioxane Nanoparticles Induce Ferroptosis in Melanoma Cells. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11092324. [PMID: 34578640 PMCID: PMC8470003 DOI: 10.3390/nano11092324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The use of nanoparticle-based materials to improve the efficacy of photodynamic therapy (PDT) to treat cancer has been a burgeoning field of research in recent years. Polysilsesquioxane (PSilQ) nanoparticles with remarkable features, such as high loading of photosensitizers, biodegradability, surface tunability, and biocompatibility, have been used for the treatment of cancer in vitro and in vivo using PDT. The PSilQ platform typically shows an enhanced PDT performance following a cell death mechanism similar to the parent photosensitizer. Ferroptosis is a new cell death mechanism recently associated with PDT that has not been investigated using PSilQ nanoparticles. Herein, we synthesized a protoporphyrin IX (PpIX)-based PSilQ platform (PpIX-PSilQ NPs) to study the cell death pathways, with special focus on ferroptosis, during PDT in vitro. Our data obtained from different assays that analyzed Annexin V binding, glutathione peroxidase activity, and lipid peroxidation demonstrate that the cell death in PDT using PpIX-PSilQ NPs is regulated by apoptosis and ferroptosis. These results can provide alternative approaches in designing PDT strategies to enhance therapeutic response in conditions stymied by apoptosis resistance.
Collapse
|
34
|
Yao F, Cui X, Zhang Y, Bei Z, Wang H, Zhao D, Wang H, Yang Y. Iron regulatory protein 1 promotes ferroptosis by sustaining cellular iron homeostasis in melanoma. Oncol Lett 2021; 22:657. [PMID: 34386079 PMCID: PMC8299017 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma, the most aggressive skin cancer, is mainly treated with BRAF inhibitors or immunotheareapy. However, most patients who initially responded to BRAF inhibitors or immunotheareapy become resistant following relapse. Ferroptosis is a form of regulated cell death characterized by its dependence on iron ions and the accumulation of lipid reactive oxygen species (ROS). Recent studies have demonstrated that ferroptosis is a good method for tumor treatment, and iron homeostasis is closely associated with ferroptosis. Iron regulatory protein (IRP)1 and 2 play important roles in maintaining iron homeostasis, but their functions in ferroptosis have not been investigated. The present study reported that the expression of IRP1 and IRP2 was increased by the ferroptosis inducers erastin and RSL3 in melanoma cells. Depletion of IRP1 significantly suppressed erastin- and RSL3-induced ferroptosis. IRP2 had a weak effect but could enhance the promoting function of IRP1 on ferroptosis. Further, erastin and RSL3 promoted the transition of aconitase 1 to IRP1, which regulated downstream iron metabolism proteins, including transferrin receptor (TFRC), ferroportin (FPN) and ferritin heavy chain 1 (FTH1). Moreover, overexpression of TFRC and knockdown of FPN and FTH1 significantly promoted erastin- and RSL3-induced ferroptosis in IRP1 knockdown melanoma cells. Collectively, the present findings indicate that IRP1 plays an essential role in erastin- and RSL3-induced ferroptosis by regulating iron homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fengping Yao
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohong Cui
- Psychiatry Department, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030000, P.R. China
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P.R. China
| | - Zhuchun Bei
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogens and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, P.R. China
| | - Hongquan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogens and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, P.R. China
| | - Dongxu Zhao
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P.R. China
| | - Hong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogens and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, P.R. China
| | - Yongfei Yang
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|