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Sriram M, Priya S, Katti DS. Polyhydroxybutyrate-based osteoinductive mineralized electrospun structures that mimic components and tissue interfaces of the osteon for bone tissue engineering. Biofabrication 2024; 16:025036. [PMID: 38471166 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ad331a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Scaffolds for bone tissue engineering should enable regeneration of bone tissues with its native hierarchically organized extracellular matrix (ECM) and multiple tissue interfaces. To achieve this, inspired by the structure and properties of bone osteon, we fabricated polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB)-based mineralized electrospun fibrous scaffolds. After studying multiple PHB-based fibers, we chose 7%PHB/1%Gelatin fibers (PG) to fabricate mineralized fibers that mimic mineralized collagen fibers in bone. The mineralized PG (mPG) surface had a rough, hydrophilic layer of low crystalline calcium phosphate which was biocompatible to bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs), induced their proliferation and was osteoinductive. Subsequently, by modulating the electrospinning process, we fabricated mPG-based novel higher order fibrous scaffolds that mimic the macroscale geometries of osteons of bone ECM. Inspired by the aligned collagen fibers in bone lamellae, we fabricated mPG scaffolds with aligned fibers that could direct anisotropic elongation of mouse BMSC (mBMSCs). Further, we fabricated electrospun mPG-based osteoinductive tubular constructs which can mimic cylindrical bone components like osteons or lamellae or be used as long bone analogues based on their dimensions. Finally, to regenerate tissue interfaces in bone, we introduced a novel bi-layered scaffold-based approach. An electrospun bi-layered tubular construct that had PG in the outer layer and 7%PHB/0.5%Polypyrrole fibers (PPy) in the inner layer was fabricated. The bi-layered tubular construct underwent preferential surface mineralization only on its outer layer. This outer mineralized layer supported osteogenesis while the inner PPy layer could support neural cell growth. Thus, the bi-layered tubular construct may be used to regenerate haversian canal in the osteons which hosts nerve fibers. Overall, the study introduced novel techniques to fabricate biomimetic structures that can regenerate components of bone osteon and its multiple tissue interfaces. The study lays foundation for the fabrication of a modular scaffold that can regenerate bone with its hierarchical structure and complex tissue interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sriram
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Mehta Family Centre for Engineering in Medicine, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Smriti Priya
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Dhirendra S Katti
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Mehta Family Centre for Engineering in Medicine, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Shih YV, Kingsley D, Newman H, Hoque J, Gupta A, Lascelles BDX, Varghese S. Multi-Functional Small Molecule Alleviates Fracture Pain and Promotes Bone Healing. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2303567. [PMID: 37939302 PMCID: PMC10754086 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202303567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Bone injuries such as fractures are one major cause of morbidities worldwide. A considerable number of fractures suffer from delayed healing, and the unresolved acute pain may transition to chronic and maladaptive pain. Current management of pain involves treatment with NSAIDs and opioids with substantial adverse effects. Herein, we tested the hypothesis that the purine molecule, adenosine, can simultaneously alleviate pain and promote healing in a mouse model of tibial fracture by targeting distinctive adenosine receptor subtypes in different cell populations. To achieve this, a biomaterial-assisted delivery of adenosine is utilized to localize and prolong its therapeutic effect at the injury site. The results demonstrate that local delivery of adenosine inhibited the nociceptive activity of peripheral neurons through activation of adenosine A1 receptor (ADORA1) and mitigated pain as demonstrated by weight bearing and open field movement tests. Concurrently, local delivery of adenosine at the fracture site promoted osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stromal cells through adenosine A2B receptor (ADORA2B) resulting in improved bone healing as shown by histological analyses and microCT imaging. This study demonstrates the dual role of adenosine and its material-assisted local delivery as a feasible therapeutic approach to treat bone trauma and associated pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu‐Ru V. Shih
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryDuke University School of MedicineDurhamNC27710USA
| | - David Kingsley
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryDuke University School of MedicineDurhamNC27710USA
| | - Hunter Newman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials ScienceDuke UniversityDurhamNC27710USA
| | - Jiaul Hoque
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryDuke University School of MedicineDurhamNC27710USA
| | - Ankita Gupta
- Translational Research in Pain ProgramDepartment of Clinical SciencesCollege of Veterinary MedicineNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNC27607USA
| | - B. Duncan X. Lascelles
- Translational Research in Pain ProgramDepartment of Clinical SciencesCollege of Veterinary MedicineNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNC27607USA
- Thurston Arthritis CenterUniversity of North Carolina School of MedicineChapel HillNC27599USA
- Center for Translational Pain MedicineDepartment of AnesthesiologyDuke University School of MedicineDurhamNC27710USA
- Comparative Pain Research and Education CenterCollege of Veterinary MedicineNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNC27607USA
| | - Shyni Varghese
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryDuke University School of MedicineDurhamNC27710USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials ScienceDuke UniversityDurhamNC27710USA
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringDuke UniversityDurhamNC27710USA
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Newman H, Varghese S. Extracellular adenosine signaling in bone health and disease. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2023; 70:102378. [PMID: 37044008 PMCID: PMC10247430 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2023.102378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Purinergic signaling is a key molecular pathway in the maintenance of bone health and regeneration. P1 receptor signaling, which is activated by extracellular adenosine, has emerged as a key metabolic pathway that regulates bone tissue formation, function, and homeostasis. Extracellular adenosine is mainly produced by ectonucleotidases, and alterations in the function of these enzymes or compromised adenosine generation can result in bone disorders, such as osteoporosis and impaired fracture healing. This mini review discusses the key role played by adenosine in bone health and how its alterations contribute to bone diseases, as well as potential therapeutic applications of exogenous adenosine to combat bone diseases like osteoporosis and injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hunter Newman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Shyni Varghese
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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Ko MJ, Hong H, Choi H, Kang H, Kim D. Multifunctional Magnetic Nanoparticles for Dynamic Imaging and Therapy. ADVANCED NANOBIOMED RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/anbr.202200053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Min Jun Ko
- Department of Radiology Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University Chicago IL 60611 USA
| | - Hyunsik Hong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Korea University Seoul 02841 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjun Choi
- Department of Radiology Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University Chicago IL 60611 USA
- Department of Bioengineering University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago IL 60607 USA
| | - Heemin Kang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Korea University Seoul 02841 Republic of Korea
- College of Medicine Korea University Seoul 02841 Republic of Korea
| | - Dong‐Hyun Kim
- Department of Radiology Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University Chicago IL 60611 USA
- Department of Bioengineering University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago IL 60607 USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering McCormick School of Engineering Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center Northwestern University Chicago Illinois 60611 USA
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Barnett H, Shevchuk M, Peppas NA, Caldorera-Moore M. Influence of extracellular cues of hydrogel biomaterials on stem cell fate. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE. POLYMER EDITION 2022; 33:1324-1347. [PMID: 35297325 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2022.2054398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Tissue engineering is a multidisciplinary field that focuses on creating functional tissue through the combination of biomimetic scaffolds, a cell source, and biochemical/physiochemical cues. Stem cells are often used as the cell source due to their multipotent properties and autologous sourcing; however, the combination of physical and chemical cues that regulate their behavior creates challenges in reproducibly directing them to a specific fate. Hydrogel biomaterials are widely explored as tissue scaffolds due to their innate biomimetic properties and tailorability. For these constructs to be successful, properties such as surface chemistry and spatial configuration, stiffness, and degradability of the biomaterial used for the scaffold framework should be analogous to the natural environment of the tissue they are repairing/replacing. This is imperative, as cues from the surrounding extracellular matrix (ECM) influence stem cell behavior and direct cell differentiation to a specific lineage. Hydrogels offer great promise as tools to control stem cell fate, as researchers can modulate the degradation rates, mechanical properties, swelling behavior, and chemical properties of the biomaterial scaffold to mimic the instructive cues of the native ECM. Discussion of the advantages and challenges of utilizing hydrogel biomaterials as the basis of tissue scaffolds is reviewed herein, as well as specific examples of hydrogels in tissue engineering and advances in hydrogel research to achieve desired cell phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haley Barnett
- School of Sciences, University of Louisiana Monroe, Monroe, LA, USA
| | - Mariya Shevchuk
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Institute of Biomaterials, Drug Delivery, and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Nicholas A Peppas
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Institute of Biomaterials, Drug Delivery, and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, and Department of Surgery and Perioperative Care, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Mary Caldorera-Moore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, LA, USA
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Park HJ, Hong H, Thangam R, Song MG, Kim JE, Jo EH, Jang YJ, Choi WH, Lee MY, Kang H, Lee KB. Static and Dynamic Biomaterial Engineering for Cell Modulation. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12081377. [PMID: 35458085 PMCID: PMC9028203 DOI: 10.3390/nano12081377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
In the biological microenvironment, cells are surrounded by an extracellular matrix (ECM), with which they dynamically interact during various biological processes. Specifically, the physical and chemical properties of the ECM work cooperatively to influence the behavior and fate of cells directly and indirectly, which invokes various physiological responses in the body. Hence, efficient strategies to modulate cellular responses for a specific purpose have become important for various scientific fields such as biology, pharmacy, and medicine. Among many approaches, the utilization of biomaterials has been studied the most because they can be meticulously engineered to mimic cellular modulatory behavior. For such careful engineering, studies on physical modulation (e.g., ECM topography, stiffness, and wettability) and chemical manipulation (e.g., composition and soluble and surface biosignals) have been actively conducted. At present, the scope of research is being shifted from static (considering only the initial environment and the effects of each element) to biomimetic dynamic (including the concepts of time and gradient) modulation in both physical and chemical manipulations. This review provides an overall perspective on how the static and dynamic biomaterials are actively engineered to modulate targeted cellular responses while highlighting the importance and advance from static modulation to biomimetic dynamic modulation for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung-Joon Park
- Department of Interdisciplinary Biomicrosystem Technology, College of Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea;
| | - Hyunsik Hong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea; (H.H.); (R.T.)
| | - Ramar Thangam
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea; (H.H.); (R.T.)
- Institute for High Technology Materials and Devices, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Min-Gyo Song
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea; (M.-G.S.); (W.-H.C.); (M.-Y.L.)
| | - Ju-Eun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea; (J.-E.K.); (E.-H.J.)
| | - Eun-Hae Jo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea; (J.-E.K.); (E.-H.J.)
| | - Yun-Jeong Jang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Armour College of Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 60616, USA;
| | - Won-Hyoung Choi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea; (M.-G.S.); (W.-H.C.); (M.-Y.L.)
| | - Min-Young Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea; (M.-G.S.); (W.-H.C.); (M.-Y.L.)
| | - Heemin Kang
- Department of Interdisciplinary Biomicrosystem Technology, College of Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea;
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea; (H.H.); (R.T.)
- Correspondence: (H.K.); (K.-B.L.)
| | - Kyu-Back Lee
- Department of Interdisciplinary Biomicrosystem Technology, College of Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea;
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea; (M.-G.S.); (W.-H.C.); (M.-Y.L.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea; (J.-E.K.); (E.-H.J.)
- Correspondence: (H.K.); (K.-B.L.)
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Niari SA, Rahbarghazi R, Geranmayeh MH, Karimipour M. Biomaterials patterning regulates neural stem cells fate and behavior: The interface of biology and material science. J Biomed Mater Res A 2021; 110:725-737. [PMID: 34751503 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The combination of nanotechnology and stem cell biology is one of the most promising advances in the field of regenerative medicine. This novel combination has widely been utilized in vitro settings in an attempt to develop efficient therapeutic strategies to overcome the limited capacity of the central nervous system (CNS) in replacing degenerating neural cells with functionally normal cells after the onset of acute and chronic neurological disorders. Importantly, biomaterials, not only, enhance the endogenous CNS neurogenesis and plasticity, but also, could provide a desirable supportive microenvironment to harness the full potential of the in vitro expanded neural stem cells (NSCs) for regenerative purposes. Here, first, we discuss how the physical and biochemical properties of biomaterials, such as their stiffness and elasticity, could influence the behavior of NSCs. Then, since the NSCs niche or microenvironment is of fundamental importance in controlling the dynamic destiny of NSCs such as their quiescent and proliferative states, topographical effects of surface diversity in biomaterials, that is, the micro-and nano-patterned surfaces will be discussed in detail. Finally, the influence of biomaterials as artificial microenvironments on the behavior of NSCs through the specific mechanotransduction signaling pathway mediated by focal adhesion formation will be reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabnam Asghari Niari
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Rahbarghazi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Geranmayeh
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Imam Reza Medical Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Karimipour
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Newman H, Shih YV, Varghese S. Resolution of inflammation in bone regeneration: From understandings to therapeutic applications. Biomaterials 2021; 277:121114. [PMID: 34488119 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.121114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Impaired bone healing occurs in 5-10% of cases following injury, leading to a significant economic and clinical impact. While an inflammatory response upon injury is necessary to facilitate healing, its resolution is critical for bone tissue repair as elevated acute or chronic inflammation is associated with impaired healing in patients and animal models. This process is governed by important crosstalk between immune cells through mediators that contribute to resolution of inflammation in the local healing environment. Approaches modulating the initial inflammatory phase followed by its resolution leads to a pro-regenerative environment for bone regeneration. In this review, we discuss the role of inflammation in bone repair, the negative impact of dysregulated inflammation on bone tissue regeneration, and how timely resolution of inflammation is necessary to achieve normal healing. We will discuss applications of biomaterials to treat large bone defects with a specific focus on resolution of inflammation to modulate the immune environment following bone injury, and their observed functional benefits. We conclude the review by discussing future strategies that could lead to the realization of anti-inflammatory therapeutics for bone tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hunter Newman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Yuru Vernon Shih
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Shyni Varghese
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
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Bone targeting nanocarrier-assisted delivery of adenosine to combat osteoporotic bone loss. Biomaterials 2021; 273:120819. [PMID: 33892345 PMCID: PMC10108099 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.120819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular adenosine has been shown to play a key role in maintaining bone health and could potentially be used to treat bone loss. However, systemic administration of exogenous adenosine to treat bone disorders remains a challenge due to the ubiquitous presence of adenosine receptors in different organs and the short half-life of adenosine in circulation. Towards this, we have developed a bone-targeting nanocarrier and determined its potential for systemic administration of adenosine. The nanocarrier, synthesized via emulsion suspension photopolymerization, is comprised of hyaluronic acid (HA) copolymerized with phenylboronic acid (PBA), a moiety that can form reversible bonds with adenosine. The bone binding affinity of the nanocarrier was achieved by alendronate (Aln) conjugation. Nanocarriers functionalized with the alendronate (Aln-NC) showed a 45% higher accumulation in the mice vertebrae in vivo compared to those lacking alendronate molecules (NCs). Systemic administration of adenosine via bone-targeting nanocarriers (Aln-NC) attenuated bone loss in ovariectomized (OVX) mice. Furthermore, bone tissue of mice treated with adenosine-loaded Aln-NC displayed trabecular bone characteristics comparable to healthy controls as shown by microcomputed tomography, histochemical staining, bone labeling, and mechanical strength. Overall, our results demonstrate the use of a bone-targeting nanocarrier towards systemic administration of adenosine and its application in treating bone degenerative diseases such as osteoporosis.
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Galgaro BC, Beckenkamp LR, van den M Nunnenkamp M, Korb VG, Naasani LIS, Roszek K, Wink MR. The adenosinergic pathway in mesenchymal stem cell fate and functions. Med Res Rev 2021; 41:2316-2349. [PMID: 33645857 DOI: 10.1002/med.21796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) play an important role in tissue homeostasis and damage repair through their ability to differentiate into cells of different tissues, trophic support, and immunomodulation. These properties made them attractive for clinical applications in regenerative medicine, immune disorders, and cell transplantation. However, despite multiple preclinical and clinical studies demonstrating beneficial effects of MSCs, their native identity and mechanisms of action remain inconclusive. Since its discovery, the CD73/ecto-5'-nucleotidase is known as a classic marker for MSCs, but its role goes far beyond a phenotypic characterization antigen. CD73 contributes to adenosine production, therefore, is an essential component of purinergic signaling, a pathway composed of different nucleotides and nucleosides, which concentrations are finely regulated by the ectoenzymes and receptors. Thus, purinergic signaling controls pathophysiological functions such as proliferation, migration, cell fate, and immune responses. Despite the remarkable progress already achieved in considering adenosinergic pathway as a therapeutic target in different pathologies, its role is not fully explored in the context of the therapeutic functions of MSCs. Therefore, in this review, we provide an overview of the role of CD73 and adenosine-mediated signaling in the functions ascribed to MSCs, such as homing and proliferation, cell differentiation, and immunomodulation. Additionally, we will discuss the pathophysiological role of MSCs, via CD73 and adenosine, in different diseases, as well as in tumor development and progression. A better understanding of the adenosinergic pathway in the regulation of MSCs functions will help to provide improved therapeutic strategies applicable in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna C Galgaro
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Liziane R Beckenkamp
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Martha van den M Nunnenkamp
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Vitória G Korb
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Liliana I S Naasani
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Katarzyna Roszek
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Márcia R Wink
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Twohig C, Helsinga M, Mansoorifar A, Athirasala A, Tahayeri A, França CM, Pajares SA, Abdelmoniem R, Scherrer S, Durual S, Ferracane J, Bertassoni LE. A dual-ink 3D printing strategy to engineer pre-vascularized bone scaffolds in-vitro. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 123:111976. [PMID: 33812604 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.111976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A functional vascular supply is a key component of any large-scale tissue, providing support for the metabolic needs of tissue-remodeling cells. Although well-studied strategies exist to fabricate biomimetic scaffolds for bone regeneration, success rates for regeneration in larger defects can be improved by engineering microvascular capillaries within the scaffolds to enhance oxygen and nutrient supply to the core of the engineered tissue as it grows. Even though the role of calcium and phosphate has been well understood to enhance osteogenesis, it remains unclear whether calcium and phosphate may have a detrimental effect on the vasculogenic and angiogenic potential of endothelial cells cultured on 3D printed bone scaffolds. In this study, we presented a novel dual-ink bioprinting method to create vasculature interwoven inside CaP bone constructs. In this method, strands of a CaP ink and a sacrificial template material was used to form scaffolds containing CaP fibers and microchannels seeded with vascular endothelial and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) within a photo-crosslinkable gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogel material. Our results show similar morphology of growing vessels in the presence of CaP bioink, and no significant difference in endothelial cell sprouting was found. Furthermore, our initial results showed the differentiation of hMSCs into pericytes in the presence of CaP ink. These results indicate the feasibility of creating vascularized bone scaffolds, which can be used for enhancing vascular formation in the core of bone scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea Twohig
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health and Science University, OR, USA
| | - Mari Helsinga
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health and Science University, OR, USA
| | - Amin Mansoorifar
- Biomaterials and Biomechanics, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health and Science University, OR, USA
| | - Avathamsa Athirasala
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, OR, USA
| | - Anthony Tahayeri
- Biomaterials and Biomechanics, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health and Science University, OR, USA
| | - Cristiane Miranda França
- Biomaterials and Biomechanics, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health and Science University, OR, USA
| | - Silvia Amaya Pajares
- Biomaterials and Biomechanics, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health and Science University, OR, USA
| | - Reyan Abdelmoniem
- Biomaterials and Biomechanics, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health and Science University, OR, USA
| | - Susanne Scherrer
- University of Geneva, University Clinic of Dental Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stéphane Durual
- University of Geneva, University Clinic of Dental Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jack Ferracane
- Biomaterials and Biomechanics, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health and Science University, OR, USA
| | - Luiz E Bertassoni
- Biomaterials and Biomechanics, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health and Science University, OR, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, OR, USA; Center for Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, OR, USA; Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research (CEDAR), Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, OR, USA.
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12
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Lin H, Zhou Y, Lei Q, Lin D, Chen J, Wu C. Effect of inorganic phosphate on migration and osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. BMC DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2021; 21:1. [PMID: 33407089 PMCID: PMC7788862 DOI: 10.1186/s12861-020-00229-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Background Phosphate is the major ingredient of bone tissue, and is also an important component of commercial bone substitute materials, bone scaffolds, and implant surface coatings. With the dissolution of the bone substitute materials and the degradation by cells, local ion concentrations will change and affect bone tissue reconstruction. Bone marrow -derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) are main autologous cells to repair injured bone. When bone injure occurs, BM-MSCs migrate to the damaged area, differentiate into osteoblasts, and secrete bioactive factors to promote bone tissue repaired. This study aimed to investigate the effect of inorganic phosphate (Pi) at a series of concentration on migration and osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow -derived mesenchymal stem cells(hBM-MSCs). Methods The culture of hBM-MSCs in mediums with different concentration of Pi from 2 mM to 10 mM were performed. HBM-MSCs migration were examined with transwell assays. HBM-MSCs proliferation were evaluated by cell counting kit-8 colorimetric method. Osteogenic genes expression were analyzed by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Mineralized nodules formation were demonstrated by Alizarin red staining. Result 4–10 mM Pi could effectively promote the migration of hBM-MSCs at 12 h and 18 h. There was no significant difference in the migration number of hBM-MSCs in Pi culture mediums at a concentration of 6, 8, and10mM. 2–10 mM Pi could promote the proliferation of hBM-MSCs to varying degrees in the observation period, while 4–10 mM Pi could promote the osteogenic differentiation and mineralization of hBM-MSCs. Conclusion The findings in our study showed 4-10 mM Pi could promote the migration, osteogenic differentiation, and mineralization of hBM-MSCs. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12861-020-00229-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengzhang Lin
- Department of Stomatology, Fujian Provincial Governmental Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yong Zhou
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial & Stomatological Key Laboratory of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qun Lei
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial & Stomatological Key Laboratory of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
| | - Dong Lin
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial & Stomatological Key Laboratory of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jiang Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial & Stomatological Key Laboratory of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chuhuo Wu
- Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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Embedding cells within nanoscale, rapidly mineralizing hydrogels: A new paradigm to engineer cell-laden bone-like tissue. J Struct Biol 2020; 212:107636. [PMID: 33039511 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2020.107636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Bone mineralization is a highly specific and dynamic nanoscale process that has been studied extensively from a structural, chemical, and biological standpoint. Bone tissue, therefore, may be defined by the interplay of its intricately mineralized matrix and the cells that regulate its biological function. However, the far majority of engineered bone model systems and bone replacement materials have been unable to replicate this key characteristic of bone tissue; that is, the ability of cells to be gradually and rapidly embedded in a three-dimensional (3D) heavily calcified matrix material. Here we review the characteristics that define the bone matrix from a nanostructural perspective. We then revisit the benefits and challenges of existing model systems and engineered bone replacement materials, and discuss recent efforts to replicate the biological, cellular, mechanical, and materials characteristics of bone tissue on the nano- to microscale. We pay particular attention to a recently proposed method developed by our group, which seeks to replicate key aspects of the entrapment of bone cells within a mineralized matrix with precisions down to the level of individual nano-crystallites, inclusive of the bone vasculature, and osteogenic differentiation process. In summary, this paper discusses existing and emerging evidence pointing towards future developments bridging the gap between the fields of biomineralization, structural biology, stem cells, and tissue engineering, which we believe will hold the key to engineer truly functional bone-like tissue in the laboratory.
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14
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Osteoconductive hybrid hyaluronic acid hydrogel patch for effective bone formation. J Control Release 2020; 327:571-583. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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15
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de Oliveira M, Mathias LS, de Sibio MT, Noronha-Matos JB, Costa MA, Nogueira CR, Correia-de-Sá P. Pitfalls and challenges of the purinergic signaling cascade in obesity. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 182:114214. [PMID: 32905795 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a worldwide health problem which have reached pandemic proportions, now also including low and middle-income countries. Excessive or abnormal fat deposition in the abdomen especially in the visceral compartment is tightly associated with a high metabolic risk for arterial hypertension, type II diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, musculoskeletal disorders (especially articular degeneration) and some cancers. Contrariwise, accumulation of fat in the subcutaneous compartment has been associated with a neutral metabolic impact, favoring a lower risk of insulin resistance. Obesity results more often from an avoidable imbalance between food consumption and energy expenditure. There are several recommended strategies for dealing with obesity, including pharmacological therapies, but their success remains incomplete and may not compensate the associated adverse effects. Purinergic signaling operated by ATP and its metabolite, adenosine, has attracted increasing attention in obesity. The extracellular levels of purines often reflect the energy status of a given cell population. Adenine nucleotides and nucleosides fine tuning control adipogenesis and mature adipocytes function via the activation of P2 and P1 purinoceptors, respectively. These features make the purinergic signaling cascade a putative target for therapeutic intervention in obesity and related metabolic syndromes. There are, however, gaps in our knowledge regarding the role of purines in adipocyte precursors differentiation and mature adipocytes functions, as well as their impact among distinct adipose tissue deposits (e.g. white vs. brown, visceral vs. subcutaneous), which warrants further investigations before translation to clinical trials can be made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriane de Oliveira
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu Medical School, District of Rubião Jr, s/n, 18618-000, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucas Solla Mathias
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu Medical School, District of Rubião Jr, s/n, 18618-000, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Teresa de Sibio
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu Medical School, District of Rubião Jr, s/n, 18618-000, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Bernardo Noronha-Matos
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Neurobiologia, Departamento de Imuno-Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar - Universidade do Porto (ICBAS-UP); Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines (MedInUP), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar - Universidade do Porto (ICBAS-UP)
| | - Maria Adelina Costa
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Neurobiologia, Departamento de Imuno-Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar - Universidade do Porto (ICBAS-UP); Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines (MedInUP), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar - Universidade do Porto (ICBAS-UP); Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar - Universidade do Porto (ICBAS-UP)
| | - Célia Regina Nogueira
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu Medical School, District of Rubião Jr, s/n, 18618-000, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo Correia-de-Sá
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Neurobiologia, Departamento de Imuno-Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar - Universidade do Porto (ICBAS-UP); Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines (MedInUP), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar - Universidade do Porto (ICBAS-UP).
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16
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Ahmad T, Byun H, Shin HJ, Lee J, Madhurakkat Perikamana SK, Kim EM, Shin YM, Shin H. Polydopamine-assisted one-step modification of nanofiber surfaces with adenosine to tune the osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells and the maturation of osteoclasts. Biomater Sci 2020; 8:2825-2839. [PMID: 32343757 DOI: 10.1039/c9bm01990a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine and its receptors have emerged as alternative targets to control cellular functions for bone healing. However, the soluble delivery of adenosine has not proven effective because of its fast degradation in vivo. We therefore designed a stable coating of adenosine for biomaterial surfaces through polydopamine chemistry to control osteogenesis and osteoclastogenesis via A2bR signaling. First, we prepared electrospun poly (ι-lactic acid) (PLLA) nanofiber sheets, which were modified through a one-step adenosine polydopamine coating process. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed deposition of particles on the adenosine polydopamine-coated PLLA (AP-PL) sheets compared to the polydopamine-only sheets. Moreover, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis confirmed an increase in nitrogen signals due to adenosine. Furthermore, adenosine loading efficiency and retention were significantly enhanced in AP-PL sheets compared to polydopamine-only sheets. Human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs) cultured on AP-PL expressed A2bR (1.30 ± 0.19 fold) at significantly higher levels than those cultured on polydopamine-only sheets. This in turn significantly elevated the expression of Runx2 (16.94 ± 1.68 and 51.69 ± 0.07 fold), OPN (1.63 ± 0.16 and 30.56 ± 0.25 fold), OCN (1.16 ± 0.13 and 5.23 ± 0.16 fold), and OSX (10.01 ± 0.81 and 62.48 ± 0.25 fold) in cells grown in growth media on days 14 and 21, respectively. Similarly, mineral deposition was enhanced to a greater extent in the AP-PL group than the polydopamine group, while blocking of A2bR significantly downregulated osteogenesis. Finally, osteoclast differentiation of RAW 264.7 cells was significantly inhibited by growth on AP-PL sheets. However, osteoclast differentiation was significantly stimulated after A2bR was blocked. Taken together, we propose that polydopamine-assisted one-step coating of adenosine is a viable method for surface modification of biomaterials to control osteogenic differentiation of stem cells and bone healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taufiq Ahmad
- Department of Bioengineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea.
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Zeng Y, Shih YRV, Baht GS, Varghese S. In Vivo Sequestration of Innate Small Molecules to Promote Bone Healing. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1906022. [PMID: 31833120 PMCID: PMC7042087 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201906022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Approaches that enable innate repair mechanisms hold great potential for tissue repair. Herein, biomaterial-assisted sequestration of small molecules is described to localize pro-regenerative signaling at the injury site. Specifically, a synthetic biomaterial containing boronate molecules is designed to sequester adenosine, a small molecule ubiquitously present in the human body. The biomaterial-assisted sequestration of adenosine leverages the transient surge of extracellular adenosine following injury to prolong local adenosine signaling. It is demonstrated that implantation of the biomaterial patch following injury establishes an in situ stockpile of adenosine, resulting in accelerated healing by promoting both osteoblastogenesis and angiogenesis. The adenosine content within the patch recedes to the physiological level as the tissue regenerates. In addition to sequestering endogenous adenosine, the biomaterial is also able to deliver exogenous adenosine to the site of injury, offering a versatile solution to utilizing adenosine as a potential therapeutic for tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuze Zeng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Yu-Ru V. Shih
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Gurpreet S. Baht
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Shyni Varghese
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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Liu Y, Hu J, Sun H. Mineralized nanofibrous scaffold promotes phenamil-induced osteoblastic differentiation while mitigating adipogenic differentiation. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2019; 14:464-474. [PMID: 31840422 DOI: 10.1002/term.3007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Large bone defects represent a significant unmet medical challenge. Cost effectiveness and better stability make small molecule organic compounds a more promising alternative compared with biomacromolecules, for example, growth factors/hormones, in regenerative medicine. However, one common challenge for the application of these small compounds is their side-effect issue. Phenamil is emerging as an intriguing small molecule to promote bone repair by strongly activating bone morphogenetic protein signaling pathway. In addition to osteogenesis, phenamil also induces significant adipogenesis based on some in vitro studies, which is a concern that impedes it from potential clinical applications. Besides the soluble chemical signals, cellular differentiation is heavily dependent on the microenvironments provided by the 3D scaffolds. Therefore, we developed a 3D nanofibrous biomimetic scaffold-based strategy to harness the phenamil-induced stem cell lineage differentiation. Based on the gene expression, alkaline phosphatase activity, and mineralization data, we indicated that bone-matrix mimicking mineralized-gelatin nanofibrous scaffold effectively improved phenamil-induced osteoblastic differentiation, while mitigating the adipogenic differentiation in vitro. In addition to normal culture conditions, we also indicated that mineralized matrix can significantly improve phenamil-induced osteoblastic differentiation in simulated inflammatory condition. In viewing of the crucial role of mineralized matrix, we developed an innovative and facile mineral deposition-based strategy to sustain release of phenamil from 3D scaffolds for efficient local bone regeneration. Overall, our study demonstrated that biomaterials played a crucial role in modulating small molecule drug phenamil-induced osteoblastic differentiation by providing a bone-matrix mimicking mineralized gelatin nanofibrous scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangxi Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of South Dakota, BioSNTR, Sioux Falls, South Dakota
| | - Jue Hu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Hongli Sun
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
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19
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Effect of gradient biomineral concentrations on osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation of adipose derived stem cells. J IND ENG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2019.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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20
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Shih YRV, Liu M, Kwon SK, Iida M, Gong Y, Sangaj N, Varghese S. Dysregulation of ectonucleotidase-mediated extracellular adenosine during postmenopausal bone loss. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaax1387. [PMID: 31457100 PMCID: PMC6703860 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aax1387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Adenosine and its receptors play a key role in bone homeostasis and regeneration. Extracellular adenosine is generated from CD39 and CD73 activity in the cell membrane, through conversion of adenosine triphosphate to adenosine monophosphate (AMP) and AMP to adenosine, respectively. Despite the relevance of CD39/CD73 to bone health, the roles of these enzymes in bona fide skeletal disorders remain unknown. We demonstrate that CD39/CD73 expression and extracellular adenosine levels in the bone marrow are substantially decreased in animals with osteoporotic bone loss. Knockdown of estrogen receptors ESR1 and ESR2 in primary osteoprogenitors and osteoclasts undergoing differentiation showed decreased coexpression of membrane-bound CD39 and CD73 and lower extracellular adenosine. Targeting the adenosine A2B receptor using an agonist attenuated bone loss in ovariectomized mice. Together, these findings suggest a pathological association of purine metabolism with estrogen deficiency and highlight the potential of A2B receptor as a target to treat osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ru V. Shih
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Mengqian Liu
- Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Seong Keun Kwon
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Ya Gong
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Nivedita Sangaj
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Shyni Varghese
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
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21
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Shih YV, Varghese S. Tissue engineered bone mimetics to study bone disorders ex vivo: Role of bioinspired materials. Biomaterials 2019; 198:107-121. [PMID: 29903640 PMCID: PMC6281816 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in materials development and tissue engineering has resulted in a substantial number of bioinspired materials that recapitulate cardinal features of bone extracellular matrix (ECM) such as dynamic inorganic and organic environment(s), hierarchical organization, and topographical features. Bone mimicking materials, as defined by its self-explanatory term, are developed based on the current understandings of the natural bone ECM during development, remodeling, and fracture repair. Compared to conventional plastic cultures, biomaterials that resemble some aspects of the native environment could elicit a more natural molecular and cellular response relevant to the bone tissue. Although current bioinspired materials are mainly developed to assist tissue repair or engineer bone tissues, such materials could nevertheless be applied to model various skeletal diseases in vitro. This review summarizes the use of bioinspired materials for bone tissue engineering, and their potential to model diseases of bone development and remodeling ex vivo. We largely focus on biomaterials, designed to re-create different aspects of the chemical and physical cues of native bone ECM. Employing these bone-inspired materials and tissue engineered bone surrogates to study bone diseases has tremendous potential and will provide a closer portrayal of disease progression and maintenance, both at the cellular and tissue level. We also briefly touch upon the application of patient-derived stem cells and introduce emerging technologies such as organ-on-chip in disease modeling. Faithful recapitulation of disease pathologies will not only offer novel insights into diseases, but also lead to enabling technologies for drug discovery and new approaches for cell-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuru Vernon Shih
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
| | - Shyni Varghese
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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Kang H, Zeng Y, Varghese S. Functionally graded multilayer scaffolds for in vivo osteochondral tissue engineering. Acta Biomater 2018; 78:365-377. [PMID: 30031911 PMCID: PMC6309375 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Osteochondral tissue repair remains a significant challenge in orthopedic surgery. Tissue engineering of osteochondral tissue has transpired as a potential therapeutic solution as it can effectively regenerate bone, cartilage, and the bone-cartilage interface. While advancements in scaffold fabrication and stem cell engineering have made significant progress towards the engineering of composite tissues, such as osteochondral tissue, new approaches are required to improve the outcome of such strategies. Herein, we discuss the use of a single-unit trilayer scaffold with depth-varying pore architecture and mineral environment to engineer osteochondral tissues in vivo. The trilayer scaffold includes a biomineralized bottom layer mimicking the calcium phosphate (CaP)-rich bone microenvironment, a cryogel middle layer with anisotropic pore architecture, and a hydrogel top layer. The mineralized bottom layer was designed to support bone formation, while the macroporous middle layer and hydrogel top layer were designed to support cartilage tissue formation. The bottom layer was kept acellular and the top two layers were loaded with cells prior to implantation. When implanted in vivo, these trilayer scaffolds resulted in the formation of osteochondral tissue with a lubricin-rich cartilage surface. The osteochondral tissue formation was a result of continuous differentiation of the transplanted cells to form cartilage tissue and recruitment of endogenous cells through the mineralized bottom layer to form bone tissue. Our results suggest that integrating exogenous cell-based cartilage tissue engineering along with scaffold-driven in situ bone tissue engineering could be a powerful approach to engineer analogs of osteochondral tissue. In addition to offering new therapeutic opportunities, such approaches and systems could also advance our fundamental understanding of osteochondral tissue regeneration and repair. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE In this work, we describe the use of a single-unit trilayer scaffold with depth-varying pore architecture and mineral environment to engineer osteochondral tissues in vivo. The trilayer scaffold was designed to support continued differentiation of the donor cells to form cartilage tissue while supporting bone formation through recruitment of endogenous cells. When implanted in vivo, these trilayer scaffolds partially loaded with cells resulted in the formation of osteochondral tissue with a lubricin-rich cartilage surface. Approaches such as the one presented here that integrates ex vivo tissue engineering along with endogenous cell-mediated tissue engineering can have a significant impact in tissue engineering composite tissues with diverse cell populations and functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heemin Kang
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States
| | - Yuze Zeng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, United States; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, United States
| | - Shyni Varghese
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, United States; Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, United States; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, United States; Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States; Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States.
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Ahmad T, Shin HJ, Lee J, Shin YM, Perikamana SKM, Park SY, Jung HS, Shin H. Fabrication of in vitro 3D mineralized tissue by fusion of composite spheroids incorporating biomineral-coated nanofibers and human adipose-derived stem cells. Acta Biomater 2018; 74:464-477. [PMID: 29803004 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Development of a bone-like 3D microenvironment with stem cells has always been intriguing in bone tissue engineering. In this study, we fabricated composite spheroids by combining functionalized fibers and human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs), which were fused to form a 3D mineralized tissue construct. We prepared fragmented poly (ι-lactic acid) (PLLA) fibers approximately 100 μm long by partial aminolysis of electrospun fibrous mesh. PLLA fibers were then biomineralized with various concentrations of NaHCO3 (0.005, 0.01, and 0.04 M) to form mineralized fragmented fibers (mFF1, mFF2, and mFF3, respectively). SEM analysis showed that the minerals in mFF2 and mFF3 completely covered the fiber surface, and surface chemistry analysis confirmed the presence of hydroxyapatite peaks. Additionally, mFFs formed composite spheroids with hADSCs, demonstrating that the cells were strongly attached to mFFs and homogeneously distributed throughout the spheroid. In vitro culture of spheroids in the media without osteogenic supplements showed significantly enhanced expression of osteogenic genes including Runx2 (20.83 ± 2.83 and 22.36 ± 2.18 fold increase), OPN (14.24 ± 1.71 and 15.076 ± 1.38 fold increase), and OCN (4.36 ± 0.41 and 5.63 ± 0.51 fold increase) in mFF2 and mFF3, respectively, compared to the no mineral fiber group. In addition, mineral contents were significantly increased at day 7. Blocking the biomineral-mediated signaling by PSB 603 significantly down regulated the expression of these genes in mFF3 at day 7. Finally, we fused composite spheroids to form a mineralized 3D tissue construct, which maintained the viability of cells and showed pervasively distributed minerals within the structure. Our composite spheroids could be used as an alternative platform for the development of in vitro bone models, in vivo cell carriers, and as building blocks for bioprinting 3D bone tissue. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE This manuscript described our recent work for the preparation of biomimeral-coated fibers that can be assembled with mesenchymal stem cells and provide bone-like environment for directed control over osteogenic differentiation. Biomineral coating onto synthetic, biodegradable single fibers was successfully carried out using multiple steps, combination of template protein coating inspired from mussel adhesion and charge-charge interactions between template proteins and mineral ions. The biomineral-coated single micro-scale fibers (1-2.5 μm in diameter) were then assembled with human adipose tissue derived stem cells (hADSCs). The assembled structure exhibited spheroidal architecture with few hundred micrometers. hADSCs within the spheroids were differentiated into osteogenic lineage in vitro and mineralized in the growth media. These spheroids were fused to form in vitro 3D mineralized tissue with larger size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taufiq Ahmad
- Department of Bioengineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea; BK21 Plus Future Biopharmaceutical Human Resources Training and Research Team, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeok Jun Shin
- Department of Bioengineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea; BK21 Plus Future Biopharmaceutical Human Resources Training and Research Team, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinkyu Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea; BK21 Plus Future Biopharmaceutical Human Resources Training and Research Team, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Min Shin
- Department of Bioengineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Sajeesh Kumar Madhurakat Perikamana
- Department of Bioengineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea; BK21 Plus Future Biopharmaceutical Human Resources Training and Research Team, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - So Yeon Park
- School of Advanced Materials Science & Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Suk Jung
- School of Advanced Materials Science & Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Heungsoo Shin
- Department of Bioengineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea; BK21 Plus Future Biopharmaceutical Human Resources Training and Research Team, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea.
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González Díaz EC, Shih YRV, Nakasaki M, Liu M, Varghese S. Mineralized Biomaterials Mediated Repair of Bone Defects Through Endogenous Cells. Tissue Eng Part A 2018; 24:1148-1156. [PMID: 29368582 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2017.0297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthetic biomaterials that create a dynamic calcium (Ca2+)-, phosphate (PO43-) ion-, and calcium phosphate (CaP)-rich microenvironment, similar to that found in native bone tissue, have been shown to promote osteogenic commitment of stem cells in vitro and in vivo. The intrinsic osteoconductivity and osteoinductivity of such biomaterials make them promising bone grafts for the treatment of bone defects. We thus aimed to evaluate the potential of mineralized biomaterials to induce bone repair of a critical-sized cranial defect in the absence of exogenous cells and growth factors. Our results demonstrate that the mineralized biomaterial alone can support complete bone formation within critical-sized bone defects through recruitment of endogenous cells and neo-bone tissue formation in mice. The newly formed bone tissue recapitulated many key characteristics of native bone such as formation of bone minerals reaching similar bone mineral density, presence of bone-forming osteoblasts and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-expressing osteoclasts, as well as vascular networks. Biomaterials that recruit endogenous cells and provide a tissue-specific microenvironment to modulate cellular behavior and support generation of functional tissues are a key step forward in moving bench-side tissue engineering approaches to the bedside. Such tissue engineering strategies could eventually pave the path toward readily available therapies that significantly reduce patient cost of care and improve overall clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva C González Díaz
- 1 Department of Bioengineering, University of California , San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Yu-Ru V Shih
- 1 Department of Bioengineering, University of California , San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Manando Nakasaki
- 1 Department of Bioengineering, University of California , San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Mengqian Liu
- 1 Department of Bioengineering, University of California , San Diego, La Jolla, California.,2 Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California , San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Shyni Varghese
- 1 Department of Bioengineering, University of California , San Diego, La Jolla, California.,2 Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California , San Diego, La Jolla, California
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25
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Kang H, Shih YRV, Varghese S. Direct Conversion of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells to Osteoblasts With a Small Molecule. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 44:1F.21.1-1F.21.6. [PMID: 29512108 DOI: 10.1002/cpsc.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), which exhibit unlimited self-renewal ability and can differentiate into all cell types in the human body, are a promising cell source for cell-based therapies and regenerative medicine. Small molecules hold great potential in the derivation of tissue-specific cells from hPSCs owing to their cost-effectiveness and scalability. Here, we describe a protocol for deriving osteoblasts from hPSCs by using a single, natural small molecule: adenosine. This simple and effective experimental protocol allows one to obtain large numbers of osteoblasts or osteoprogenitor cells, with the ability to form functional bone tissues, from hPSCs, including human embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells. This protocol could potentially enable studies of tissue regeneration and skeletal diseases. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heemin Kang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Yu-Ru V Shih
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Shyni Varghese
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California.,Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California.,Department of Nanoengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
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26
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Role of adenosine receptors in the adipocyte-macrophage interaction during obesity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 64:317-327. [PMID: 28604342 DOI: 10.1016/j.endinu.2017.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Lipoinflamation is the inflammation generated in the adipose tissue. It can contribute to the development of insulin resistance. The lipoinflammation-associated mechanisms are related to the function of adipocytes and macrophages present in the adipose tissue. In this regard, the level of nucleoside adenosine is increased in individuals with obesity. Causes or consequences of this increase are unknown. Although, adenosine activating its receptors (A1, A2A, A2B and A3) is able to differentially modulate the function of adipocytes and macrophages, in order to avoid the reduction of insulin sensitivity and generate an anti-inflammatory state in subject with obesity. In this review we propose that adenosine could be a key element in the development of new strategies for limit lipoinflammation and regulate metabolic homeostasis through modulation of adipocyte-macrophage dialogue.
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27
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In vivo engineering of bone tissues with hematopoietic functions and mixed chimerism. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:5419-5424. [PMID: 28484009 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1702576114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthetic biomimetic matrices with osteoconductivity and osteoinductivity have been developed to regenerate bone tissues. However, whether such systems harbor donor marrow in vivo and support mixed chimerism remains unknown. We devised a strategy to engineer bone tissues with a functional bone marrow (BM) compartment in vivo by using a synthetic biomaterial with spatially differing cues. Specifically, we have developed a synthetic matrix recapitulating the dual-compartment structures by modular assembly of mineralized and nonmineralized macroporous structures. Our results show that these matrices incorporated with BM cells or BM flush transplanted into recipient mice matured into functional bone displaying the cardinal features of both skeletal and hematopoietic compartments similar to native bone tissue. The hematopoietic function of bone tissues was demonstrated by its support for a higher percentage of mixed chimerism compared with i.v. injection and donor hematopoietic cell mobilization in the circulation of nonirradiated recipients. Furthermore, hematopoietic cells sorted from the engineered bone tissues reconstituted the hematopoietic system when transplanted into lethally irradiated secondary recipients. Such engineered bone tissues could potentially be used as ectopic BM surrogates for treatment of nonmalignant BM diseases and as a tool to study hematopoiesis, donor-host cell dynamics, tumor tropism, and hematopoietic cell transplantation.
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28
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Yang HY, Niu LN, Sun JL, Huang XQ, Pei DD, Huang C, Tay FR. Biodegradable mesoporous delivery system for biomineralization precursors. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:839-854. [PMID: 28182119 PMCID: PMC5279816 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s128792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Scaffold supplements such as nanoparticles, components of the extracellular matrix, or growth factors have been incorporated in conventional scaffold materials to produce smart scaffolds for tissue engineering of damaged hard tissues. Due to increasing concerns on the clinical side effects of using large doses of recombinant bone-morphogenetic protein-2 in bone surgery, it is desirable to develop an alternative nanoscale scaffold supplement that is not only osteoinductive, but is also multifunctional in that it can perform other significant bone regenerative roles apart from stimulation of osteogenic differentiation. Because both amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) and silica are osteoinductive, a biodegradable, nonfunctionalized, expanded-pore mesoporous silica nanoparticle carrier was developed for loading, storage, and sustained release of a novel, biosilicification-inspired, polyamine-stabilized liquid precursor phase of ACP for collagen biomineralization and for release of orthosilicic acid, both of which are conducive to bone growth. Positively charged poly(allylamine)-stabilized ACP (PAH-ACP) could be effectively loaded and released from nonfunctionalized expanded-pore mesoporous silica nanoparticles (pMSN). The PAH-ACP released from loaded pMSN still retained its ability to infiltrate and mineralize collagen fibrils. Complete degradation of pMSN occurred following unloading of their PAH-ACP cargo. Because PAH-ACP loaded pMSN possesses relatively low cytotoxicity to human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells, these nanoparticles may be blended with any osteoconductive scaffold with macro- and microporosities as a versatile scaffold supplement to enhance bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-ye Yang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology, Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li-na Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jin-long Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xue-qing Huang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Guanghua School and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dan-dan Pei
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cui Huang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology, Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Franklin R Tay
- Department of Endodontics, College of Dental Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
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29
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Wen C, Kang H, Shih YRV, Hwang Y, Varghese S. In vivo comparison of biomineralized scaffold-directed osteogenic differentiation of human embryonic and mesenchymal stem cells. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2016; 6:121-31. [PMID: 26105532 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-015-0242-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells such as embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and multipotent stem cells like mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) hold great promise as potential cell sources for bone tissue regeneration. Comparing the in vivo osteogenesis of hESCs and hMSCs by biomaterial-based cues provides insight into the differentiation kinetics of these cells as well as their potential to contribute to bone tissue repair in vivo. Here, we compared in vivo osteogenic differentiation of hESCs and hMSCs within osteoinductive calcium phosphate (CaP)-bearing biomineralized scaffolds that recapitulate a bone-specific mineral microenvironment. Both hESCs and hMSCs underwent osteogenic differentiation responding to the biomaterial-based instructive cues. Furthermore, hMSCs underwent earlier in vivo osteogenesis compared to hESCs, but both stem cell types acquired a similar osteogenic maturation by 8 weeks of implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai Wen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Sipailou 2#, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210096, People's Republic of China
| | - Heemin Kang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California- San Diego, 9500, Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0412, USA
| | - Yu-Ru V Shih
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California- San Diego, 9500, Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0412, USA
| | - YongSung Hwang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California- San Diego, 9500, Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0412, USA
| | - Shyni Varghese
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California- San Diego, 9500, Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0412, USA.
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30
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Biomimetic whitlockite inorganic nanoparticles-mediated in situ remodeling and rapid bone regeneration. Biomaterials 2016; 112:31-43. [PMID: 27744219 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Bone remodeling process relies on complex signaling pathway between osteoblasts and osteoclasts and control mechanisms to achieve homeostasis of their growth and differentiation. Despite previous achievements in understanding complicated signaling pathways between cells and bone extracellular matrices during bone remodeling process, a role of local ionic concentration remains to be elucidated. Here, we demonstrate that synthetic whitlockite (WH: Ca18Mg2(HPO4)2(PO4)12) nanoparticles can recapitulate early-stage of bone regeneration through stimulating osteogenic differentiation, prohibiting osteoclastic activity, and transforming into mechanically enhanced hydroxyapatite (HAP)-neo bone tissues by continuous supply of PO43- and Mg2+ under physiological conditions. In addition, based on their structural analysis, the dynamic phase transformation from WH into HAP contributed as a key factor for rapid bone regeneration with denser hierarchical neo-bone structure. Our findings suggest a groundbreaking concept of 'living bone minerals' that actively communicate with the surrounding system to induce self-healing, while previous notions about bone minerals have been limited to passive products of cellular mineralization.
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31
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Park JS, Lim HJ, Yi SW, Park KH. Stem cell differentiation-related protein-loaded PLGA microspheres as a novel platform micro-typed scaffold for chondrogenesis. Biomed Mater 2016; 11:055003. [DOI: 10.1088/1748-6041/11/5/055003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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32
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González-Díaz EC, Varghese S. Hydrogels as Extracellular Matrix Analogs. Gels 2016; 2:E20. [PMID: 30674152 PMCID: PMC6318624 DOI: 10.3390/gels2030020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is the non-cellular component of tissue that provides physical scaffolding to cells. Emerging studies have shown that beyond structural support, the ECM provides tissue-specific biochemical and biophysical cues that are required for tissue morphogenesis and homeostasis. Hydrogel-based platforms have played a key role in advancing our knowledge of the role of ECM in regulating various cellular functions. Synthetic hydrogels allow for tunable biofunctionality, as their material properties can be tailored to mimic those of native tissues. This review discusses current advances in the design of hydrogels with defined physical and chemical properties. We also highlight research findings that demonstrate the impact of matrix properties on directing stem cell fate, such as self-renewal and differentiation. Recent and future efforts towards understanding cell-material interactions will not only advance our basic understanding, but will also help design tissue-specific matrices and delivery systems to transplant stem cells and control their response in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva C González-Díaz
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Shyni Varghese
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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33
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Ezura Y, Lin X, Hatta A, Izu Y, Noda M. Interleukin-1β Suppresses the Transporter Genes Ank and Ent1 Expression in Stromal Progenitor Cells Retaining Mineralization. Calcif Tissue Int 2016; 99:199-208. [PMID: 27086348 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-016-0139-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Heterotopic ossification (HO) in various tissues evokes clinical problems. Inflammatory responses of the stromal progenitor cells may be involved in its etiology. Previous report indicated that pro-inflammatory cytokines including IL-1β enhanced the in vitro calcification of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), by suppressing the expression of ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase-1 gene (ENPP1). However, possible contribution of other related factors had not been investigated. Here, we investigated the expression of regulators of extracellular pyrophosphate and nucleosides including Enpp1, Nt5e, Ank, Enptds, and Ent1, examining various connective tissue stromal progenitor cells, including bone marrow stromal cells and synovium derived cells from mouse, or bone marrow MSCs from human. Consistent with previous studies, we observed characteristic suppression of the osteoblastic marker genes by IL-1β during the osteogenic culture for 20 days. In addition, we observed a reduced expression of the important transporter genes, Ank and Ent1, whereas the alteration in Enpp1 and Nt5e levels was not always consistent among the cell types. Our results suggest that IL-1β suppresses not only the osteoblastic but also the negative regulators of soft-tissue calcification, including Ank and Ent1 in stromal progenitor cells, which may contribute to the mechanisms of HO in various disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoichi Ezura
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 5-45 1-Chome, Yushima, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan.
| | - Xin Lin
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 5-45 1-Chome, Yushima, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Arina Hatta
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 5-45 1-Chome, Yushima, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Yayoi Izu
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 5-45 1-Chome, Yushima, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Masaki Noda
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 5-45 1-Chome, Yushima, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
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34
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Kang H, Shih YRV, Nakasaki M, Kabra H, Varghese S. Small molecule-driven direct conversion of human pluripotent stem cells into functional osteoblasts. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2016; 2:e1600691. [PMID: 27602403 PMCID: PMC5007071 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1600691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The abilities of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) to proliferate without phenotypic alteration and to differentiate into tissue-specific progeny make them a promising cell source for regenerative medicine and development of physiologically relevant in vitro platforms. Despite this potential, efficient conversion of hPSCs into tissue-specific cells still remains a challenge. Herein, we report direct conversion of hPSCs into functional osteoblasts through the use of adenosine, a naturally occurring nucleoside in the human body. The hPSCs treated with adenosine not only expressed the molecular signatures of osteoblasts but also produced calcified bone matrix. Our findings show that the adenosine-mediated osteogenesis of hPSCs involved the adenosine A2bR. When implanted in vivo, using macroporous synthetic matrices, the human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived donor cells participated in the repair of critical-sized bone defects through the formation of neobone tissue without teratoma formation. The newly formed bone tissues exhibited various attributes of the native tissue, including vascularization and bone resorption. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of adenosine-induced differentiation of hPSCs into functional osteoblasts and their subsequent use to regenerate bone tissues in vivo. This approach that uses a physiologically relevant single small molecule to generate hPSC-derived progenitor cells is highly appealing because of its simplicity, cost-effectiveness, scalability, and impact in cell manufacturing, all of which are decisive factors for successful translational applications of hPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heemin Kang
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Yu-Ru V. Shih
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Manando Nakasaki
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Harsha Kabra
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Shyni Varghese
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Corresponding author.
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35
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Corciulo C, Wilder T, Cronstein BN. Adenosine A2B receptors play an important role in bone homeostasis. Purinergic Signal 2016; 12:537-47. [PMID: 27289226 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-016-9519-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone homeostasis is a finely regulated mechanism involving different molecular pathways including adenosine signaling. The aim of this study is to determine the bone phenotype of adenosine A2B receptor knockout (A2BRKO) mice and to measure their ability to form new bone. Moreover, we analyzed the functionality of osteoclasts and osteoblasts from A2BRKO mice. Microcomputed tomography (μCT) analysis revealed a decrease of bone substance, bone mineral density, and trabecular number in A2BRKO mice compared to the WT mice at the same age. We measured the new bone formation by injecting fluorescent markers: it was reduced in femur and tibia of A2BRKO mice compare to the WT. A2BRKO young mice have fewer osteoblasts and an increase of osteoclasts was measured in the hind limbs of young and adult mice. A2BRKO osteoclasts are also more active in vitro, showing an increase of pit formation in dentin discs. Surprisingly in mature osteoblasts from A2BRKO mice, we measured an increase of calcified matrix production, collagen deposition, and alkaline phosphatase activity. These results demonstrate that A2BR on osteoblasts and osteoclasts regulate bone homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tuere Wilder
- Division of Translational Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bruce N Cronstein
- Division of Translational Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, NYU School of Medicine, 550 First Ave, New York, NY, 10016, USA
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36
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Wang C, Liu D, Zhang C, Sun J, Feng W, Liang XJ, Wang S, Zhang J. Defect-Related Luminescent Hydroxyapatite-Enhanced Osteogenic Differentiation of Bone Mesenchymal Stem Cells Via an ATP-Induced cAMP/PKA Pathway. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:11262-11271. [PMID: 27088570 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b01103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Novel defect-related hydroxyapatite (DHAP), which combines the advantages of HAP and defect-related luminescence, has the potential application in tissue engineering and biomedical area, because of its excellent capability of monitoring the osteogenic differentiation and material biodegradation. Although the extracellular mechanism of DHAP minerals and PO4(3-) functioning in osteogenic differentiation has been widely studied, the intracellular molecular mechanism through which PO4(3-) mediates osteogenesis of bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) is not clear. We examined a previously unknown molecular mechanism through which PO4(3-) promoted osteogenesis of BMSCs with an emphasis on adenosine-triphosphate (ATP)-induced cAMP/PKA pathway. Our studies showed that DHAP could be uptaken into lysosome, in which PO4(3-) was released from DHAP, because of the acid environment of lysosome. The released PO4(3-) interacted with ADP to form ATP, and then degraded into adenosine, an ATP metabolite, which interacted with A2b adenosine receptor to activate the cAMP/PKA pathway, resulting in the high expression of osteogenesis-related genes, such as Runx2, BMP-2, and OCN. These findings first revealed the function of ATP-metabolism in bone physiological homeostasis, which may be developed to cure bone metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Chemical Biology Key Laboratory of Hebei Province, Hebei University , Baoding 071002, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, Hebei University , Baoding 071002, People's Republic of China
| | - Dandan Liu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Chemical Biology Key Laboratory of Hebei Province, Hebei University , Baoding 071002, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, Hebei University , Baoding 071002, People's Republic of China
| | - Cuimiao Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Chemical Biology Key Laboratory of Hebei Province, Hebei University , Baoding 071002, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, Hebei University , Baoding 071002, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiadong Sun
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, Hebei University , Baoding 071002, People's Republic of China
| | - Weipei Feng
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Chemical Biology Key Laboratory of Hebei Province, Hebei University , Baoding 071002, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, Hebei University , Baoding 071002, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing-Jie Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China , Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuxiang Wang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Chemical Biology Key Laboratory of Hebei Province, Hebei University , Baoding 071002, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, Hebei University , Baoding 071002, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinchao Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Chemical Biology Key Laboratory of Hebei Province, Hebei University , Baoding 071002, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, Hebei University , Baoding 071002, People's Republic of China
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Rao V, Shih YRV, Kang H, Kabra H, Varghese S. Adenosine Signaling Mediates Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells on Mineralized Matrices. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2015; 3:185. [PMID: 26618155 PMCID: PMC4639610 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2015.00185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are attractive cell sources for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine due to their self-renewal and differentiation ability. Design of biomaterials with an intrinsic ability that promotes hESC differentiation to the targeted cell type boasts significant advantages for tissue regeneration. We have previously developed biomineralized calcium phosphate (CaP) matrices that inherently direct osteogenic differentiation of hESCs without the need of osteogenic-inducing chemicals or growth factors. Here, we show that CaP matrix-driven osteogenic differentiation of hESCs occurs through A2b adenosine receptor (A2bR). The inhibition of the receptor with an A2bR-specific antagonist attenuated mineralized matrix-mediated osteogenic differentiation of hESCs. In addition, when cultured on matrices in an environment deficient of CaP minerals, exogenous adenosine promoted osteogenic differentiation of hESCs, but was attenuated by the inhibition of A2bR. Such synthetic matrices that intrinsically support osteogenic commitment of hESCs are not only beneficial for bone tissue engineering but can also be used as a platform to study the effect of the physical and chemical cues to the extracellular milieu on stem cell commitment. Insights into the cell signaling during matrix-induced differentiation of stem cells will also help define the key processes and enable discovery of new targets that promote differentiation of pluripotent stem cells for bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikram Rao
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego , La Jolla, CA , USA
| | - Yu-Ru V Shih
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego , La Jolla, CA , USA
| | - Heemin Kang
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California San Diego , La Jolla, CA , USA
| | - Harsha Kabra
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego , La Jolla, CA , USA
| | - Shyni Varghese
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego , La Jolla, CA , USA
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