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Degirmenci A, Sanyal R, Sanyal A. Metal-Free Click-Chemistry: A Powerful Tool for Fabricating Hydrogels for Biomedical Applications. Bioconjug Chem 2024; 35:433-452. [PMID: 38516745 PMCID: PMC11036366 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.4c00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Increasing interest in the utilization of hydrogels in various areas of biomedical sciences ranging from biosensing and drug delivery to tissue engineering has necessitated the synthesis of these materials using efficient and benign chemical transformations. In this regard, the advent of "click" chemistry revolutionized the design of hydrogels and a range of efficient reactions was utilized to obtain hydrogels with increased control over their physicochemical properties. The ability to apply the "click" chemistry paradigm to both synthetic and natural polymers as hydrogel precursors further expanded the utility of this chemistry in network formation. In particular, the ability to integrate clickable handles at predetermined locations in polymeric components enables the formation of well-defined networks. Although, in the early years of "click" chemistry, the copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition was widely employed, recent years have focused on the use of metal-free "click" transformations, since residual metal impurities may interfere with or compromise the biological function of such materials. Furthermore, many of the non-metal-catalyzed "click" transformations enable the fabrication of injectable hydrogels, as well as the fabrication of microstructured gels using spatial and temporal control. This review article summarizes the recent advances in the fabrication of hydrogels using various metal-free "click" reactions and highlights the applications of thus obtained materials. One could envision that the use of these versatile metal-free "click" reactions would continue to revolutionize the design of functional hydrogels geared to address unmet needs in biomedical sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysun Degirmenci
- Department
of Chemistry, Bogazici University, Bebek, Istanbul 34342, Türkiye
| | - Rana Sanyal
- Department
of Chemistry, Bogazici University, Bebek, Istanbul 34342, Türkiye
- Center
for Life Sciences and Technologies, Bogazici
University, Bebek, Istanbul 34342, Türkiye
| | - Amitav Sanyal
- Department
of Chemistry, Bogazici University, Bebek, Istanbul 34342, Türkiye
- Center
for Life Sciences and Technologies, Bogazici
University, Bebek, Istanbul 34342, Türkiye
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2
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Selvam A, Majood M, Chaurasia R, Rupesh, Singh A, Dey T, Agrawal O, Verma YK, Mukherjee M. Injectable organo-hydrogels influenced by click chemistry as a paramount stratagem in the conveyor belt of pharmaceutical revolution. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:10761-10777. [PMID: 37807713 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb01674a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
The field of injectable hydrogels has demonstrated a paramount headway in the myriad of biomedical applications and paved a path toward clinical advancements. The innate superiority of hydrogels emerging from organic constitution has exhibited dominance in overcoming the bottlenecks associated with inorganic-based hydrogels in the biological milieu. Inorganic hydrogels demonstrate various disadvantages, including limited biocompatibility, degradability, a cumbersome synthesis process, high cost, and ecotoxicity. The excellent biocompatibility, eco-friendliness, and manufacturing convenience of organo-hydrogels have demonstrated to be promising in therapizing biomedical complexities with low toxicity and augmented bioavailability. This report manifests the realization of biomimetic organo-hydrogels with the development of bioresponsive and self-healing injectable organo-hydrogels in the emerging pharmaceutical revolution. Furthermore, the influence of click chemistry in this regime as a backbone in the pharmaceutical conveyor belt has been suggested to scale up production. Moreover, we propose an avant-garde design stratagem of developing a hyaluronic acid (HA)-based injectable organo-hydrogel via click chemistry to be realized for its pharmaceutical edge. Ultimately, injectable organo-hydrogels that materialize from academia or industry are required to follow the standard set of rules established by global governing bodies, which has been delineated to comprehend their marketability. Thence, this perspective narrates the development of injectable organo-hydrogels via click chemistry as a prospective elixir to have in the arsenal of pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhyavartin Selvam
- Amity Institute of Click Chemistry Research and Studies, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, 201313, India.
- Amity Institute of Nanotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, 201313, India
| | - Misba Majood
- Amity Institute of Click Chemistry Research and Studies, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, 201313, India.
| | - Radhika Chaurasia
- Amity Institute of Click Chemistry Research and Studies, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, 201313, India.
| | - Rupesh
- Amity Institute of Click Chemistry Research and Studies, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, 201313, India.
| | - Akanksha Singh
- Amity Institute of Click Chemistry Research and Studies, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, 201313, India.
| | - Tapan Dey
- Amity Institute of Click Chemistry Research and Studies, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, 201313, India.
| | - Omnarayan Agrawal
- Amity Institute of Click Chemistry Research and Studies, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, 201313, India.
| | - Yogesh Kumar Verma
- Stem Cell & Tissue Engineering Research Group, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organisation, New Delhi, 110054, India
| | - Monalisa Mukherjee
- Amity Institute of Click Chemistry Research and Studies, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, 201313, India.
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3
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Jansen-van Vuuren RD, Naficy S, Ramezani M, Cunningham M, Jessop P. CO 2-responsive gels. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:3470-3542. [PMID: 37128844 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00053a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
CO2-responsive materials undergo a change in chemical or physical properties in response to the introduction or removal of CO2. The use of CO2 as a stimulus is advantageous as it is abundant, benign, inexpensive, and it does not accumulate in a system. Many CO2-responsive materials have already been explored including polymers, latexes, surfactants, and catalysts. As a sub-set of CO2-responsive polymers, the study of CO2-responsive gels (insoluble, cross-linked polymers) is a unique discipline due to the unique set of changes in the gels brought about by CO2 such as swelling or a transformed morphology. In the past 15 years, CO2-responsive gels and self-assembled gels have been investigated for a variety of emerging potential applications, reported in 90 peer-reviewed publications. The two most widely exploited properties include the control of flow (fluids) via CO2-triggered aggregation and their capacity for reversible CO2 absorption-desorption, leading to applications in Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) and CO2 sequestration, respectively. In this paper, we review the preparation, properties, and applications of these CO2-responsive gels, broadly classified by particle size as nanogels, microgels, aerogels, and macrogels. We have included a section on CO2-induced self-assembled gels (including poly(ionic liquid) gels).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross D Jansen-van Vuuren
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Sina Naficy
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Centre for Excellence in Advanced Food Enginomics (CAFE), The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Maedeh Ramezani
- Department of Chemistry, Chernoff Hall, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7K 2N1, Canada.
| | - Michael Cunningham
- Department of Engineering, Dupuis Hall, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Philip Jessop
- Department of Chemistry, Chernoff Hall, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7K 2N1, Canada.
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4
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Singh G, Majeed A, Singh R, George N, Singh G, Gupta S, Singh H, Kaur G, Singh J. CuAAC ensembled 1,2,3-triazole linked nanogels for targeted drug delivery: a review. RSC Adv 2023; 13:2912-2936. [PMID: 36756399 PMCID: PMC9847229 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra05592a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Copper(i) catalyzed alkyne azide cycloaddition (CuAAC), the quintessential example of 'click chemistry', provides an adaptable and adequate platform for the synthesis of nanogels for sustained drug release at targeted sites because of their better biocompatibility. The coupling of drugs, carried out via various synthetic routes including CuAAC, into long-chain polymeric forms like nanogels has exhibited considerable assurance in therapeutic advancements and intracellular drug delivery due to the progression of water solubility, evacuation of precocious drug release, and improved upthrust of the pharmacokinetics of the nanogels, thereby rendering them as better and efficient drug carriers. The inefficiency of drug transmission to the target areas due to the resistance of complex biological barriers in vivo is a major hurdle that impedes the therapeutic translation of nanogels. This review compiles the data of nanogels synthesized specifically via CuAAC 'click' methodology, as scaffolds for targeted drug delivery and their assimilation into nanomedicine. In addition, it elaborates the ability of CuAAC to graft specific moieties and conjugating biomolecules like proteins and growth factors, onto orthogonally functionalized polymer chains with various chemical groups resulting in nanogels that are not only more appealing but also more effective at delivering drugs, thereby enhancing their site-specific target approach and initiating selective therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurleen Singh
- School of Chemical Engineering and Physical Sciences, Lovely Professional University Phagwara 144411 Punjab India
| | - Ather Majeed
- School of Chemical Engineering and Physical Sciences, Lovely Professional University Phagwara 144411 Punjab India
| | - Riddima Singh
- School of Chemical Engineering and Physical Sciences, Lovely Professional University Phagwara 144411 Punjab India
| | - Nancy George
- School of Chemical Engineering and Physical Sciences, Lovely Professional University Phagwara 144411 Punjab India
| | - Gurjaspreet Singh
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab UniversityChandigarh 160014India
| | - Sofia Gupta
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab UniversityChandigarh 160014India
| | - Harminder Singh
- School of Chemical Engineering and Physical Sciences, Lovely Professional University Phagwara 144411 Punjab India
| | - Gurpreet Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, Gujranwala Guru Nanak Khalsa College Civil Lines Ludhiana 141001 Punjab India
| | - Jandeep Singh
- School of Chemical Engineering and Physical Sciences, Lovely Professional University Phagwara 144411 Punjab India
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5
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Zerbib S, Khouili M, Catto M, Bouissane L. Sydnone: Synthesis, Reactivity and Biological Activities. Curr Med Chem 2023; 30:1122-1144. [PMID: 35726409 DOI: 10.2174/0929867329666220620123050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Sydnones are among the most well-known mesoionic compounds. Since their synthesis in 1935 by Earl and Mecknay, numerous researches have shown that the chemical behavior, physical and biological properties of sydnones make them the most useful compounds in organic chemistry. Sydnones undergo thermal 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction with dipolarophiles (alkynes or alkenes) to give exclusively derivatives containing a pyrazole moiety exhibiting numerous applications, such as pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals. However, the sydnone cycloaddition reaction with alkynes requires harsh conditions, like high temperatures and long reaction times, giving poor regioselectivity to the resulting products. To overcome these constraints, new reactions named CuSAC (Copper- Catalyzed Sydnone-Alkyne Cycloaddition) and SPSAC (Strain-Promoted Sydnone- Alkyne Cycloaddition) have been developed, leading to pyrazoles with interesting constant kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souad Zerbib
- Molecular Chemistry, Materials and Catalysis Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences and Technologies, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, BP 523, 23000 Beni-Mellal, Morocco
| | - Mostafa Khouili
- Molecular Chemistry, Materials and Catalysis Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences and Technologies, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, BP 523, 23000 Beni-Mellal, Morocco
| | - Marco Catto
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Latifa Bouissane
- Molecular Chemistry, Materials and Catalysis Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences and Technologies, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, BP 523, 23000 Beni-Mellal, Morocco
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6
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Han Y, Cao Y, Lei H. Dynamic Covalent Hydrogels: Strong yet Dynamic. Gels 2022; 8:gels8090577. [PMID: 36135289 PMCID: PMC9498565 DOI: 10.3390/gels8090577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogels are crosslinked polymer networks with time-dependent mechanical response. The overall mechanical properties are correlated with the dynamics of the crosslinks. Generally, hydrogels crosslinked by permanent chemical crosslinks are strong but static, while hydrogels crosslinked by physical interactions are weak but dynamic. It is highly desirable to create synthetic hydrogels that possess strong mechanical stability yet remain dynamic for various applications, such as drug delivery cargos, tissue engineering scaffolds, and shape-memory materials. Recently, with the introduction of dynamic covalent chemistry, the seemingly conflicting mechanical properties, i.e., stability and dynamics, have been successfully combined in the same hydrogels. Dynamic covalent bonds are mechanically stable yet still capable of exchanging, dissociating, or switching in response to external stimuli, empowering the hydrogels with self-healing properties, injectability and suitability for postprocessing and additive manufacturing. Here in this review, we first summarize the common dynamic covalent bonds used in hydrogel networks based on various chemical reaction mechanisms and the mechanical strength of these bonds at the single molecule level. Next, we discuss how dynamic covalent chemistry makes hydrogel materials more dynamic from the materials perspective. Furthermore, we highlight the challenges and future perspectives of dynamic covalent hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueying Han
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yi Cao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan 250021, China
- Correspondence: (Y.C.); (H.L.)
| | - Hai Lei
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Correspondence: (Y.C.); (H.L.)
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7
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Li B, Wang J, He B, Qin A, Tang BZ. Activated Internal
Alkyne‐Based
Polymerization. CHINESE J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202200073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Baixue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, Center for Aggregation Induced Emission, AIE Institute South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Jia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, Center for Aggregation Induced Emission, AIE Institute South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Benzhao He
- Center for Advanced Materials Research, Advanced Institute of Natural Sciences Beijing Normal University at Zhuhai Zhuhai 519085 China
| | - Anjun Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, Center for Aggregation Induced Emission, AIE Institute South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, Center for Aggregation Induced Emission, AIE Institute South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
- School of Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Aggregate Science and Technology The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Guangdong 518172 China
- Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong, China
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8
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Zhang X, Zhang H, Wang B, Zeng X, Wang J, Ren B, Yang X, Bai X. Preparation of non‐swelling hydrogels and investigation on the adsorption performance of iron ions. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Institute of Petrochemistry Heilong Jiang Academy of Sciences Harbin China
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Biomass Functional Materials Studies Jilin Engineering Normal University Changchun China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Biomass Functional Materials Studies Jilin Engineering Normal University Changchun China
| | - Bo Wang
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Biomass Functional Materials Studies Jilin Engineering Normal University Changchun China
| | - Xu Zeng
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Biomass Functional Materials Studies Jilin Engineering Normal University Changchun China
| | - Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering Harbin Engineering University Harbin China
| | - Bo Ren
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Biomass Functional Materials Studies Jilin Engineering Normal University Changchun China
| | - Xiaodong Yang
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Biomass Functional Materials Studies Jilin Engineering Normal University Changchun China
| | - Xuefeng Bai
- Institute of Petrochemistry Heilong Jiang Academy of Sciences Harbin China
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9
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Hui E, Sumey JL, Caliari SR. Click-functionalized hydrogel design for mechanobiology investigations. MOLECULAR SYSTEMS DESIGN & ENGINEERING 2021; 6:670-707. [PMID: 36338897 PMCID: PMC9631920 DOI: 10.1039/d1me00049g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The advancement of click-functionalized hydrogels in recent years has coincided with rapid growth in the fields of mechanobiology, tissue engineering, and regenerative medicine. Click chemistries represent a group of reactions that possess high reactivity and specificity, are cytocompatible, and generally proceed under physiologic conditions. Most notably, the high level of tunability afforded by these reactions enables the design of user-controlled and tissue-mimicking hydrogels in which the influence of important physical and biochemical cues on normal and aberrant cellular behaviors can be independently assessed. Several critical tissue properties, including stiffness, viscoelasticity, and biomolecule presentation, are known to regulate cell mechanobiology in the context of development, wound repair, and disease. However, many questions still remain about how the individual and combined effects of these instructive properties regulate the cellular and molecular mechanisms governing physiologic and pathologic processes. In this review, we discuss several click chemistries that have been adopted to design dynamic and instructive hydrogels for mechanobiology investigations. We also chart a path forward for how click hydrogels can help reveal important insights about complex tissue microenvironments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Hui
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, 102 Engineer's Way, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - Jenna L Sumey
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, 102 Engineer's Way, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - Steven R Caliari
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, 102 Engineer's Way, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
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10
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Yu W, Maynard E, Chiaradia V, Arno MC, Dove AP. Aliphatic Polycarbonates from Cyclic Carbonate Monomers and Their Application as Biomaterials. Chem Rev 2021; 121:10865-10907. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yu
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT U.K
| | - Edward Maynard
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT U.K
| | - Viviane Chiaradia
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT U.K
| | - Maria C. Arno
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT U.K
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT U.K
| | - Andrew P. Dove
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT U.K
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11
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Li K, Fong D, Meichsner E, Adronov A. A Survey of Strain-Promoted Azide-Alkyne Cycloaddition in Polymer Chemistry. Chemistry 2021; 27:5057-5073. [PMID: 33017499 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Highly efficient reactions that enable the assembly of molecules into complex structures have driven extensive progress in synthetic chemistry. In particular, reactions that occur under mild conditions and in benign solvents, while producing no by-products and rapidly reach completion are attracting significant attention. Amongst these, the strain-promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition, involving various cyclooctyne derivatives reacting with azide-bearing molecules, has gained extensive popularity in organic synthesis and bioorthogonal chemistry. This reaction has also recently gained momentum in polymer chemistry, where it has been used to decorate, link, crosslink, and even prepare polymer chains. This survey highlights key achievements in the use of this reaction to produce a variety of polymeric constructs for disparate applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelvin Li
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. W., Hamilton, ON, L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Darryl Fong
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. W., Hamilton, ON, L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Eric Meichsner
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. W., Hamilton, ON, L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Alex Adronov
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. W., Hamilton, ON, L8S 4M1, Canada
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12
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Park JR, Bolle ECL, Santos Cavalcanti AD, Podevyn A, Van Guyse JFR, Forget A, Hoogenboom R, Dargaville TR. Injectable biocompatible poly(2-oxazoline) hydrogels by strain promoted alkyne-azide cycloaddition. Biointerphases 2021; 16:011001. [PMID: 33401918 DOI: 10.1116/6.0000630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(2-alkyl-2-oxazoline) (PAOx) hydrogels are tailorable synthetic materials with demonstrated biomedical applications, thanks to their excellent biocompatibility and tunable properties. However, their use as injectable hydrogels is challenging as it requires invasive surgical procedures to insert the formed hydrogel into the body due to their nonsoluble 3D network structures. Herein, we introduce cyclooctyne and azide functional side chains to poly(2-oxazoline) copolymers to induce in situ gelation using strain promoted alkyne-azide cycloaddition. The gelation occurs rapidly, within 5 min, under physiological conditions when two polymer solutions are simply mixed. The influence of several parameters, such as temperature and different aqueous solutions, and stoichiometric ratios between the two polymers on the structural properties of the resultant hydrogels have been investigated. The gel formation within tissue samples was verified by subcutaneous injection of the polymer solution into an ex vivo model. The degradation study of the hydrogels in vitro showed that the degradation rate was highly dependent on the type of media, ranging from days to a month. This result opens up the potential uses of PAOx hydrogels in attempts to achieve optimal, injectable drug delivery systems and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Ryul Park
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
| | - Eleonore C L Bolle
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
| | - Amanda Dos Santos Cavalcanti
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
| | - Annelore Podevyn
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Joachim F R Van Guyse
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Aurelien Forget
- Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-St. 31, Freiburg, 79104, Germany
| | - Richard Hoogenboom
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tim R Dargaville
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
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13
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Chen F, Le P, Fernandes-Cunha GM, Heilshorn SC, Myung D. Bio-orthogonally crosslinked hyaluronate-collagen hydrogel for suture-free corneal defect repair. Biomaterials 2020; 255:120176. [PMID: 32559566 PMCID: PMC7396293 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Biomaterials that mimic corneal stroma could decrease the need for donor corneal tissue and could decrease the prevalence of complications associated with corneal transplantation, including infection and rejection. We developed a bio-orthogonally crosslinked hyaluronate-collagen hydrogel which can fill corneal defects in situ without the need for any sutures, initiators, or catalysts. We studied the effects of biorthogonal crosslinking on the light transmittance of the hydrogel, which was greater than 97% water. The transmittance of the optimized hydrogel in the visible light range was over 94%. We also investigated the mechanical properties, refractive index, morphology, biocompatibility, and corneal re-epithelialization capacity of the hyaluronate-collagen hydrogel. Our in vitro, in vivo, and ex vivo results demonstrated that this bio-orthogonally crosslinked hyaluronate-collagen hydrogel has excellent potential as a biomaterial for cornea repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Chen
- Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA, United States; VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Peter Le
- Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA, United States; VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | | | - Sarah C Heilshorn
- Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, CA, United States
| | - David Myung
- Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA, United States; VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, United States; Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, CA, United States.
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14
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Arkenberg MR, Nguyen HD, Lin CC. Recent advances in bio-orthogonal and dynamic crosslinking of biomimetic hydrogels. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:7835-7855. [PMID: 32692329 PMCID: PMC7574327 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb01429j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, dynamic, 'click' hydrogels have been applied in numerous biomedical applications. Owing to the mild, cytocompatible, and highly specific reaction kinetics, a multitude of orthogonal handles have been developed for fabricating dynamic hydrogels to facilitate '4D' cell culture. The high degree of tunability in crosslinking reactions of orthogonal 'click' chemistry has enabled a bottom-up approach to install specific biomimicry in an artificial extracellular matrix. In addition to click chemistry, highly specific enzymatic reactions are also increasingly used for network crosslinking and for spatiotemporal control of hydrogel properties. On the other hand, covalent adaptable chemistry has been used to recapitulate the viscoelastic component of biological tissues and for formulating self-healing and shear-thinning hydrogels. The common feature of these three classes of chemistry (i.e., orthogonal click chemistry, enzymatic reactions, and covalent adaptable chemistry) is that they can be carried out under ambient and aqueous conditions, a prerequisite for maintaining cell viability for in situ cell encapsulation and post-gelation modification of network properties. Due to their orthogonality, different chemistries can also be applied sequentially to provide additional biochemical and mechanical control to guide cell behavior. Herein, we review recent advances in the use of orthogonal click chemistry, enzymatic reactions, and covalent adaptable chemistry for the development of dynamically tunable and biomimetic hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Arkenberg
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
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15
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Chen F, Le P, Lai K, Fernandes-Cunha GM, Myung D. Simultaneous Interpenetrating Polymer Network of Collagen and Hyaluronic Acid as an In Situ-Forming Corneal Defect Filler. CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS : A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2020; 32:5208-5216. [PMID: 33603277 PMCID: PMC7888987 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.0c01307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Timely treatment of corneal injuries injury can help to prevent corneal scarring, blindness, and the need for corneal transplantation. This work describes a novel hydrogel that can fill corneal defects and assist in corneal regeneration. This hydrogel is a simultaneous interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) composed of collagen cross-linked via strain-promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction and hyaluronic acid cross-linked via thiol-ene Michael click reaction. The formation of the IPN gel was confirmed via FTIR spectra, UV-vis spectra, and morphological changes. We compared the gelation time, mechanical properties, transmittance, and refractive index of the IPN gel to the collagen gel, hyaluronic acid gel, and semi-IPN gel. The IPN combined the advantages of collagen and hyaluronic acid gels and supported corneal epithelial cell growth on its surface. When applied to corneal stromal defects in vivo, the IPN avoided epithelial hyperplasia, decreased stromal myofibroblast formation, and increased tight junction formation in the regenerated epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States; VA Palo Alto, Palo Alto, California 94304, United States
| | - Peter Le
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States; VA Palo Alto, Palo Alto, California 94304, United States
| | - Krystal Lai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Gabriella M Fernandes-Cunha
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - David Myung
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States; Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States; VA Palo Alto, Palo Alto, California 94304, United States
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16
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Hushka EA, Yavitt FM, Brown TE, Dempsey PJ, Anseth KS. Relaxation of Extracellular Matrix Forces Directs Crypt Formation and Architecture in Intestinal Organoids. Adv Healthc Mater 2020; 9:e1901214. [PMID: 31957249 PMCID: PMC7274865 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201901214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal organoid protocols rely on the use of extracellular scaffolds, typically Matrigel, and upon switching from growth to differentiation promoting media, a symmetry breaking event takes place. During this stage, the first bud like structures analogous to crypts protrude from the central body and differentiation ensues. While organoids provide unparalleled architectural and functional complexity, this sophistication is also responsible for the high variability and lack of reproducibility of uniform crypt-villus structures. If function follows form in organoids, such structural variability carries potential limitations for translational applications (e.g., drug screening). Consequently, there is interest in developing synthetic biomaterials to direct organoid growth and differentiation. It has been hypothesized that synthetic scaffold softening is necessary for crypt development, and these mechanical requirements raise the question, what compressive forces and subsequent relaxation are necessary for organoid maturation? To that end, allyl sulfide hydrogels are employed as a synthetic extracellular matrix mimic, but with photocleavable bonds that temporally regulate the material's bulk modulus. By varying the extent of matrix softening, it is demonstrated that crypt formation, size, and number per colony are functions of matrix softening. An understanding of the mechanical dependence of crypt architecture is necessary to instruct homogenous, reproducible organoids for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ella A Hushka
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
- The BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
| | - F Max Yavitt
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
- The BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
| | - Tobin E Brown
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
- The BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
| | - Peter J Dempsey
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Denver, CO, 80204, USA
| | - Kristi S Anseth
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
- The BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
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17
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Liu X, Xiang L, Li J, Wu Y, Zhang K. Stoichiometric imbalance-promoted step-growth polymerization based on self-accelerating 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition click reactions. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py01362h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A stoichiometric imbalance-promoted step growth polymerization method was developed based on self-accelerating 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition click reactions of Sondheimer diyne and varied 1,3-dipoles, such as diazo, sydnone, and nitrone groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianfeng Liu
- Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Institute of Chemistry
- The Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Lue Xiang
- Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Institute of Chemistry
- The Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Jiayi Li
- Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Institute of Chemistry
- The Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Ying Wu
- College of Chemistry
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing
- China
| | - Ke Zhang
- Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Institute of Chemistry
- The Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
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18
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Liu Y, Liu M, Zhang Y, Cao Y, Pei R. Fabrication of injectable hydrogels via bio-orthogonal chemistry for tissue engineering. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj02629h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Injectable hydrogels via bio-orthogonal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanshan Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Suzhou
- China
| | - Min Liu
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research
- Jianghan University
- Wuhan
- China
| | - Yajie Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Suzhou
- China
| | - Yi Cao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Suzhou
- China
| | - Renjun Pei
- CAS Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Suzhou
- China
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19
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Chen G, Tang W, Wang X, Zhao X, Chen C, Zhu Z. Applications of Hydrogels with Special Physical Properties in Biomedicine. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1420. [PMID: 31470661 PMCID: PMC6780509 DOI: 10.3390/polym11091420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
As a polymer matrix containing a large amount of water, hydrogels have been widely used in many fields such as biology and medicine due to its similarity to extracellular matrix components, and its contact with blood, body fluids, and human tissue does not affect the metabolic processes of living organisms. However, due to the lack of unique physical properties of traditional polymer hydrogels, its further application in the high-end field is limited. With the progress of study, a series of hydrogels with special structures, such as double network hydrogel, composite hydrogel, Tetra-PEG gel, and topological gel, have improved the situation to a large extent. At the same time, the progress of research on the biocompatibility and biodegradability of hydrogels, which are expected to be used in biomedical fields, is also worthy of attention. This review introduces four such types of high-strength polymeric hydrogels and the mechanisms for improving their mechanical strength. Moreover, a discussion will be made around specific methods for imparting special physical properties to hydrogels and applications in the field of biomedicine such as cell culture, medical surgery, tissue engineering, and biosensing. At the end of the review, the main reasons and contradictions for the limits of the current applications are explained. An outlook on the future research in related fields and the importance of carrying out research in this area to promote medical progress are emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gong Chen
- School of Environmental and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, Shanghai Polytechnic University, Shanghai 201209, China
| | - Wenwei Tang
- Modern Service Department, College of International Vocational Education, Shanghai Polytechnic University, Shanghai 201209, China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- School of Environmental and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, Shanghai Polytechnic University, Shanghai 201209, China
| | - Xueling Zhao
- School of Environmental and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, Shanghai Polytechnic University, Shanghai 201209, China
- Research Center of Resource Recycling Science and Engineering, Shanghai Polytechnic University, Shanghai 201209, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- School of Environmental and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, Shanghai Polytechnic University, Shanghai 201209, China.
| | - Zhigang Zhu
- School of Environmental and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, Shanghai Polytechnic University, Shanghai 201209, China.
- Research Center of Resource Recycling Science and Engineering, Shanghai Polytechnic University, Shanghai 201209, China.
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20
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Zhan H, de Jong H, Löwik DWPM. Comparison of Bioorthogonally Cross-Linked Hydrogels for in Situ Cell Encapsulation. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2019; 2:2862-2871. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.9b00253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Henan Zhan
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, 135 Heyendaalseweg, Nijmegen 6525 AJ, The Netherlands
| | - Heleen de Jong
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, 135 Heyendaalseweg, Nijmegen 6525 AJ, The Netherlands
| | - Dennis W. P. M. Löwik
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, 135 Heyendaalseweg, Nijmegen 6525 AJ, The Netherlands
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21
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Shoaib MM, Huynh V, Shad Y, Ahmed R, Jesmer AH, Melacini G, Wylie RG. Controlled degradation of low-fouling poly(oligo(ethylene glycol)methyl ether methacrylate) hydrogels. RSC Adv 2019; 9:18978-18988. [PMID: 35516872 PMCID: PMC9064882 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra03441b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Degradable low-fouling hydrogels are ideal vehicles for drug and cell delivery. For each application, hydrogel degradation rate must be re-optimized for maximum therapeutic benefit. We developed a method to rapidly and predictably tune degradation rates of low-fouling poly(oligo(ethylene glycol)methyl ether methacrylate) (P(EG)xMA) hydrogels by modifying two interdependent variables: (1) base-catalysed crosslink degradation kinetics, dependent on crosslinker electronics (electron withdrawing groups (EWGs)); and, (2) polymer hydration, dependent on the molecular weight (MW) of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) pendant groups. By controlling PEG MW and EWG strength, P(EG)xMA hydrogels were tuned to degrade over 6 to 52 d. A 6-member P(EG)xMA copolymer library yielded slow and fast degrading low-fouling hydrogels suitable for short- and long-term delivery applications. The degradation mechanism was also applied to RGD-functionalized poly(carboxybetaine methacrylamide) (PCBMAA) hydrogels to achieve slow (∼50 d) and fast (∼13 d) degrading low-fouling, bioactive hydrogels. To tune degradation rates of low-fouling hydrogels, a 6-member P(EG)xMA copolymer library with different electronics and hydration levels was developed.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad M Shoaib
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University Hamilton Ontario L8S 4M1 Canada
| | - Vincent Huynh
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University Hamilton Ontario L8S 4M1 Canada
| | - Yousuf Shad
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University Hamilton Ontario L8S 4M1 Canada
| | - Rashik Ahmed
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University Hamilton Ontario L8S 4M1 Canada
| | - Alexander H Jesmer
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University Hamilton Ontario L8S 4M1 Canada
| | - Giuseppe Melacini
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University Hamilton Ontario L8S 4M1 Canada .,Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University Hamilton Ontario L8S 4M1 Canada
| | - Ryan G Wylie
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University Hamilton Ontario L8S 4M1 Canada .,School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University Hamilton Ontario L8S 4M1 Canada
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22
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Huynh V, Jesmer AH, Shoaib MM, Wylie RG. Influence of Hydrophobic Cross-Linkers on Carboxybetaine Copolymer Stimuli Response and Hydrogel Biological Properties. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:1631-1641. [PMID: 30558419 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b03908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Poly(carboxybetaine) (pCB) hydrogels do not elicit a foreign body response due to their low-fouling properties, making them ideal implantable materials for in vivo drug and cell delivery. Current reported pCB hydrogels are cross-linked using cytotoxic UV-initiated radical polymerization limiting clinical and in vivo translation. For clinical translation, we require in situ and biorthogonal cross-linking of pCB hydrogels that are both low-fouling and low-swelling to limit nonspecific interactions and minimize tissue damage, respectively. To this end, we synthesized carboxybetaine (CB) random copolymers (molecular weight (MW): ∼7-33 kDa; Đ: 1.1-1.36) containing azide (pCB-azide) or strained alkyne (Dibenzocyclooctyne (DBCO); pCB-DBCO) that rapidly cross-link upon mixing. Unlike CB homopolymers and other CB copolymers studied, high DBCO content pCB-DBCO30 (30% DBCO mole fraction) is thermoresponsive with a upper critical solution temperature (UCST; cloud point of ∼20 °C at 50 g/L) in water due to electrostatic associations. Due to the antipolyelectrolyte effect, pCB-DBCO30 is salt-responsive and is soluble even at low temperatures in 5 M NaCl, which prevents zwitterion electrostatic associations. pCB-azide and pCB-DBCO with 0.05 to 0.16 cross-linker mole fractions rapidly formed 10 wt % hydrogels upon mixing that were low-swelling (increase of ∼10% in wet weight) while remaining low-fouling to proteins (∼10-20 μg cm-2) and cells, making them suitable for in vivo applications. pCB-X31 hydrogels composed of pCB-azide32 and pCB-DBCO30 formed opaque gels in water and physiological conditions that shrunk to ∼70% of their original wet weight due to pCB-DBCO30's greater hydrophobicity and interchain electrostatic interactions, which promotes nonspecific protein adsorption (∼35 μg cm-2) and cell binding. Once formed, the electrostatic interactions in pCB-X31 hydrogels are not fully reversible with heat or salt. Although, pCB-X31 hydrogels are transparent when initially prepared in 5 M NaCl. This is the first demonstration of a thermo- and salt-responsive CB copolymer that can tune hydrogel protein and cell fouling properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Huynh
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , McMaster University , Hamilton , Ontario L8S 4M1 , Canada
| | - Alexander H Jesmer
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , McMaster University , Hamilton , Ontario L8S 4M1 , Canada
| | - Muhammad M Shoaib
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , McMaster University , Hamilton , Ontario L8S 4M1 , Canada
| | - Ryan G Wylie
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , McMaster University , Hamilton , Ontario L8S 4M1 , Canada
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23
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24
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Xin D, Qin A, Tang BZ. Benzyne–azide polycycloaddition: a facile route toward functional polybenzotriazoles. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py00632j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An efficient benzyne–azide polycycloaddition is established and functional poly(benzotriazole)s are produced under mild reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dehua Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices
- Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- China
| | - Anjun Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices
- Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices
- Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- China
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25
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Ruskowitz ER, Comerford MP, Badeau BA, DeForest CA. Logical stimuli-triggered delivery of small molecules from hydrogel biomaterials. Biomater Sci 2019; 7:542-546. [DOI: 10.1039/c8bm01304g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Triggered release of small molecule model therapeutics from hydrogel biomaterials is governed by user-programmable Boolean logic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Barry A. Badeau
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- University of Washington
- Seattle
- USA
| | - Cole A. DeForest
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- University of Washington
- Seattle
- USA
- Department of Bioengineering
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26
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Truong VX, Donderwinkel I, Frith JE. Bioorthogonal hydrogels by thiol–halide click crosslinking with fast gelation time and tunable stability in aqueous media. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.29267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vinh X. Truong
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringMonash Institute of Medical Engineering, Monash University Clayton 3800 Victoria Australia
| | - Ilze Donderwinkel
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringMonash Institute of Medical Engineering, Monash University Clayton 3800 Victoria Australia
| | - Jessica E. Frith
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringMonash Institute of Medical Engineering, Monash University Clayton 3800 Victoria Australia
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27
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Zahir-Jouzdani F, Wolf JD, Atyabi F, Bernkop-Schnürch A. In situ gelling and mucoadhesive polymers: why do they need each other? Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2018; 15:1007-1019. [PMID: 30173567 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2018.1517741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mucosal drug delivery is an attractive route of administration, particularly in overcoming deficits of conventional dosage forms including high first-pass metabolism and poor bioavailability. Fast drainage from the target mucosa, however, represents a major limitation as it prevents sufficient drug absorption. In order to address these problems, mucoadhesive in situ gelling drug delivery systems have been investigated as they facilitate easy application in combination with a longer residence time at the administration site resulting in more desirable therapeutic effects. AREAS COVERED The present review evaluates the importance of the combination of mucoadhesive and in situ gelling polymers along with mechanisms of in situ gelation and mucoadhesion. In addition, an overview about recent applications in mucosal drug delivery is provided. EXPERT OPINION In situ gelling and mucoadhesive polymers proved to be essential excipients in order to prolong the mucosal residence time of drug delivery systems. Due to this prolonged residence time both local and systemic therapeutic efficacy of numerous drugs can be substantially improved. Depending on the site of administration and the incorporated drug, combinations of different polymers with in situ gelling and mucoadhesive properties are needed to keep the delivery system as long as feasible at the target site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Forouhe Zahir-Jouzdani
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Technology , Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck , Innsbruck , Austria.,b Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Julian Dominik Wolf
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Technology , Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck , Innsbruck , Austria.,c Thiomatrix Forschungs- und Beratungs GmbH, Research Center Innsbruck , Trientlgasse, Innsbruck , Austria
| | - Fatemeh Atyabi
- b Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Andreas Bernkop-Schnürch
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Technology , Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck , Innsbruck , Austria
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28
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Xu Z, Bratlie KM. Click Chemistry and Material Selection for in Situ Fabrication of Hydrogels in Tissue Engineering Applications. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2018; 4:2276-2291. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b00230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Xu
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Kaitlin M. Bratlie
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
- Division of Materials Science & Engineering, Ames National Laboratory, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
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29
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Huang Q, Zou Y, Arno MC, Chen S, Wang T, Gao J, Dove AP, Du J. Hydrogel scaffolds for differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 46:6255-6275. [PMID: 28816316 DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00052e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Natural extracellular matrices (ECMs) have been widely used as a support for the adhesion, migration, differentiation, and proliferation of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs). However, poor mechanical behavior and unpredictable biodegradation properties of natural ECMs considerably limit their potential for bioapplications and raise the need for different, synthetic scaffolds. Hydrogels are regarded as the most promising alternative materials as a consequence of their excellent swelling properties and their resemblance to soft tissues. A variety of strategies have been applied to create synthetic biomimetic hydrogels, and their biophysical and biochemical properties have been modulated to be suitable for cell differentiation. In this review, we first give an overview of common methods for hydrogel preparation with a focus on those strategies that provide potential advantages for ADSC encapsulation, before summarizing the physical properties of hydrogel scaffolds that can act as biological cues. Finally, the challenges in the preparation and application of hydrogels with ADSCs are explored and the perspectives are proposed for the next generation of scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiutong Huang
- Department of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 4800 Caoan Road, Shanghai, 201804, China.
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30
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Dimatteo R, Darling NJ, Segura T. In situ forming injectable hydrogels for drug delivery and wound repair. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2018; 127:167-184. [PMID: 29567395 PMCID: PMC6003852 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 458] [Impact Index Per Article: 76.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 02/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogels have been utilized in regenerative applications for many decades because of their biocompatibility and similarity in structure to the native extracellular matrix. Initially, these materials were formed outside of the patient and implanted using invasive surgical techniques. However, advances in synthetic chemistry and materials science have now provided researchers with a library of techniques whereby hydrogel formation can occur in situ upon delivery through standard needles. This provides an avenue to minimally invasively deliver therapeutic payloads, fill complex tissue defects, and induce the regeneration of damaged portions of the body. In this review, we highlight these injectable therapeutic hydrogel biomaterials in the context of drug delivery and tissue regeneration for skin wound repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Dimatteo
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, 420 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States.
| | - Nicole J Darling
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, 420 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States.
| | - Tatiana Segura
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Bioengineering, and Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, 420 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States.
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Biocompatible Porous Polyester-Ether Hydrogel Scaffolds with Cross-Linker Mediated Biodegradation and Mechanical Properties for Tissue Augmentation. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:polym10020179. [PMID: 30966215 PMCID: PMC6414870 DOI: 10.3390/polym10020179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Porous polyester-ether hydrogel scaffolds (PEHs) were fabricated using acid chloride/alcohol chemistry and a salt templating approach. The PEHs were produced from readily available and cheap commercial reagents via the reaction of hydroxyl terminated poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) derivatives with sebacoyl, succinyl, or trimesoyl chloride to afford ester cross-links between the PEG chains. Through variation of the acid chloride cross-linkers used in the synthesis and the incorporation of a hydrophobic modifier (poly(caprolactone) (PCL)), it was possible to tune the degradation rates and mechanical properties of the resulting hydrogels. Several of the hydrogel formulations displayed exceptional mechanical properties, remaining elastic without fracture at compressive strains of up to 80%, whilst still displaying degradation over a period of weeks to months. A subcutaneous rat model was used to study the scaffolds in vivo and revealed that the PEHs were infiltrated with well vascularised tissue within two weeks and had undergone significant degradation in 16 weeks without any signs of toxicity. Histological evaluation for immune responses revealed that the PEHs incite only a minor inflammatory response that is reduced over 16 weeks with no evidence of adverse effects.
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Hodgson SM, McNelles SA, Abdullahu L, Marozas IA, Anseth KS, Adronov A. Reproducible Dendronized PEG Hydrogels via SPAAC Cross-Linking. Biomacromolecules 2017; 18:4054-4059. [PMID: 28968079 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.7b01115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
A common issue with hydrogel formulations is batch-to-batch irreproducibility originating from poorly defined polymer precursors. Here, we report the use of dendritic polymer end-groups to address this issue and maintain reproducibility between batches of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogels. Specifically, we synthesized two end-functionalized PEG chains: one with azide-terminated first- and second-generation dendrons and the other with strained cyclooctynes. The two complementary azide and alkyne polymers react via strain-promoted alkyne-azide cycloaddition (SPAAC) to produce hydrogels quickly in the absence of additional reagents or catalyst at low polymer concentrations. Hydrogels made with first-generation dendrons gelled in minutes and exhibited a small degree of swelling when incubated in PBS buffer at 37 °C, whereas hydrogels made from second-generation dendrons gelled in seconds with almost no swelling upon incubation at 37 °C. In both cases, the hydrogels proved reproducible, resulting in identical Young's modulus values from different batches. The hydrogels prepared with second-generation dendrons were seeded with human mesenchymal stem cells and showed high cell viability as well as cell spreading over a two-week time frame. These studies show that the SPAAC hydrogels are noncytotoxic and are capable of supporting cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina M Hodgson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University , 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Stuart A McNelles
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University , 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Leonora Abdullahu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University , 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Ian A Marozas
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and the BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder , Jennie Smoly Caruthers Biotechnology Building, 3415 Colorado Avenue, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Kristi S Anseth
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and the BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder , Jennie Smoly Caruthers Biotechnology Building, 3415 Colorado Avenue, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Alex Adronov
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University , 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
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33
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Dai Y, Zhang X, Xia F. Click Chemistry in Functional Aliphatic Polycarbonates. Macromol Rapid Commun 2017; 38. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201700357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 07/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Dai
- Faculty of Materials Science and ChemistryChina University of Geosciences Wuhan 430074 P. R. China
| | - Xiaojin Zhang
- Faculty of Materials Science and ChemistryChina University of Geosciences Wuhan 430074 P. R. China
| | - Fan Xia
- Faculty of Materials Science and ChemistryChina University of Geosciences Wuhan 430074 P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 P. R. China
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Ono RJ, Lee ALZ, Voo ZX, Venkataraman S, Koh BW, Yang YY, Hedrick JL. Biodegradable Strain-Promoted Click Hydrogels for Encapsulation of Drug-Loaded Nanoparticles and Sustained Release of Therapeutics. Biomacromolecules 2017; 18:2277-2285. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.7b00377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert J. Ono
- IBM Almaden Research Center, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, California 95120, United States
| | - Ashlynn L. Z. Lee
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, 31 Biopolis Way, Singapore 138669, Singapore
| | - Zhi Xiang Voo
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, 31 Biopolis Way, Singapore 138669, Singapore
| | - Shrinivas Venkataraman
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, 31 Biopolis Way, Singapore 138669, Singapore
| | - Bei Wei Koh
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, 31 Biopolis Way, Singapore 138669, Singapore
| | - Yi Yan Yang
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, 31 Biopolis Way, Singapore 138669, Singapore
| | - James L. Hedrick
- IBM Almaden Research Center, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, California 95120, United States
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35
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Fu S, Dong H, Deng X, Zhuo R, Zhong Z. Injectable hyaluronic acid/poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogels crosslinked via strain-promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition click reaction. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 169:332-340. [PMID: 28504153 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports injectable hyaluronic acid (HA)-based hydrogels crosslinked with azide-modified poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) via the strain-promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition (SPAAC) between cyclooctyne and azide groups. Cyclooctyne-modified HA (Cyclooctyne-HA) is prepared by the reaction of HA with 2-(aminoethoxy)cyclooctyne. To crosslink the modified HA, quadruply azide-terminated poly(ethylene glycol) (Azide-PEG) is designed and prepared. The mixture of Cyclooctyne-HA and Azide-PEG gelates in a few minutes to form a strong HA-PEG hydrogel. The hydrogel has fast gelation time, good strength, and slow degradation rate, because of the high reactivity of SPAAC, high crosslinking density originated from the quadruply-substituted Azide-PEG, and the good stability of the crosslinking amide bonds. In vitro cell culturing within the hydrogel demonstrated an excellent cell-compatibility. The bioorthogonality of SPAAC makes the hydrogel injectable. With good mechanical properties and biocompatibility, the hydrogel would be useful in a wide range of applications such as injection filling materials for plastic surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangli Fu
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China
| | - Hui Dong
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China
| | - Xueyi Deng
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China
| | - Renxi Zhuo
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China
| | - Zhenlin Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China.
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36
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Zheng J, Jung S, Schmidt PW, Lodge TP, Reineke TM. 2-Hydroxyethylcellulose and Amphiphilic Block Polymer Conjugates Form Mechanically Tunable and Nonswellable Hydrogels. ACS Macro Lett 2017; 6:145-149. [PMID: 35632884 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.6b00954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report a family of mechanically tunable, nonswellable hydrogels that are based on a 2-hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC) scaffold grafted with amphiphilic diblock copolymers. Poly[(oligo(ethylene glycol)methyl ether methacrylate]-b-poly(methyl methacrylate) (POEGMA-b-PMMA) diblock copolymers of different compositions were created via RAFT polymerization using an alkyne terminated macro chain transfer agent (CTA). 2-Hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC) was modified with azide groups and the diblock copolymers were attached to the backbone via the copper-catalyzed click reaction to yield HEC-g-(POEGMA-b-PMMA) graft terpolymers. The resulting conjugates were soluble in DMF and able to form hydrogels upon simple solvent exchange in water. By increasing the concentration of the conjugates in DMF, the storage moduli of the hydrogels increased and the pore size in the gel decreased. After hydrogel formation, the structures were also found to be nonswellable (no macroscopic volume change upon incubation in water), which is an important feature for retaining size and mechanical integrity of the gels over time. Moreover, these materials were able to be electrospun into fibers that, upon hydration, formed fibrous hydrogel structures. The nonswellable and tunable mechanical properties of these materials imply great potential for a variety of applications such as personal care, active delivery, and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jukuan Zheng
- Department
of Chemistry and ‡Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials
Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Seyoung Jung
- Department
of Chemistry and ‡Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials
Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Peter W. Schmidt
- Department
of Chemistry and ‡Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials
Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Timothy P. Lodge
- Department
of Chemistry and ‡Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials
Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Theresa M. Reineke
- Department
of Chemistry and ‡Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials
Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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37
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Slegeris R, Ondrusek BA, Chung H. Catechol- and ketone-containing multifunctional bottlebrush polymers for oxime ligation and hydrogel formation. Polym Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py01112a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We report the synthesis of a highly-functional macromonomer, and subsequent crosslinkable poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-based bottlebrush polymers prepared via graft-through ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rimantas Slegeris
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering
- Florida State University
- Tallahassee
- USA
| | - Brian A. Ondrusek
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering
- Florida State University
- Tallahassee
- USA
| | - Hoyong Chung
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering
- Florida State University
- Tallahassee
- USA
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38
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Cai XY, Li JZ, Li NN, Chen JC, Kang ET, Xu LQ. PEG-based hydrogels prepared by catalyst-free thiol–yne addition and their post-antibacterial modification. Biomater Sci 2016; 4:1663-1672. [DOI: 10.1039/c6bm00395h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
PEG-based hydrogels were prepared via nucleophilic thiol–yne addition and post-functionalized with an antimicrobial peptide for antibacterial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Yan Cai
- Institute for Clean Energy and Advanced Materials
- Faculty of Materials and Energy
- Southwest University
- Chongqing
- 400715 P.R. China
| | - Jun Zhi Li
- Institute for Clean Energy and Advanced Materials
- Faculty of Materials and Energy
- Southwest University
- Chongqing
- 400715 P.R. China
| | - Ning Ning Li
- Institute for Clean Energy and Advanced Materials
- Faculty of Materials and Energy
- Southwest University
- Chongqing
- 400715 P.R. China
| | - Jiu Cun Chen
- Institute for Clean Energy and Advanced Materials
- Faculty of Materials and Energy
- Southwest University
- Chongqing
- 400715 P.R. China
| | - En-Tang Kang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore 117576
- Singapore
| | - Li Qun Xu
- Institute for Clean Energy and Advanced Materials
- Faculty of Materials and Energy
- Southwest University
- Chongqing
- 400715 P.R. China
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