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Rojas-Lema S, Nilsson K, Langton M, Trifol J, Gomez-Caturla J, Balart R, Garcia-Garcia D, Moriana R. The effect of pine cone lignin on mechanical, thermal and barrier properties of faba bean protein films for packaging applications. J FOOD ENG 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2022.111282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Zheng Z, Li X, Dai X, Ge J, Chen Y, Du C. Surface functionalization of anticoagulation and anti-nonspecific adsorption with recombinant hirudin modification. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 135:212741. [PMID: 35929214 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.212741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Surface functionalization to improve the blood compatibility is pivotal for the application of biomaterials. In this article, the surface of silicon was first functionalized with chemical groups, such as amino, quinone and phenol groups by the self-polymerization of dopamine, which were used to immobilize anticoagulant drugs hirudin. The detailed analysis and discussion about the grafting groups, morphology, wettability, the dynamic adsorption of proteins, the cytological property and the blood compatibility on the surfaces were carried on by the technology of contact angle, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, quartz crystal microbalance, endothelial cells culture and anticoagulant blood test in vivo. The surface with hirudin modification exhibited hydrophilic property and significantly inhibited the nonspecific adsorption of albumin, while it was more approachable to fibronectin. In vitro study displayed that the surface loaded with hirudin could promote the proliferation of endothelial cells. The evaluation of anticoagulant showed good anti-adhesion effect on platelets and the hemolysis rate decreased significantly to less than 0.4%. Activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) of the silicon wafer loaded with hirudin can exceed 38 s, and the APTT prolongs as the hirudin concentration rises. This study suggested that such simple but effective surface functionalization technique, combining excellent anticoagulant activity together with reendothelialization potential due to the preferable fibronectin adsorption, provide great practical significance to the application of cardiovascular materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwen Zheng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, PR China; National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education, and Innovation Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Xueyang Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, PR China; National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education, and Innovation Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Xin Dai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, PR China; National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education, and Innovation Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Jianhui Ge
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, PR China; National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education, and Innovation Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Yunhua Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, PR China; National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education, and Innovation Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Chang Du
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, PR China; National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education, and Innovation Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
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Spirk S, Palasingh C, Nypelö T. Current Opportunities and Challenges in Biopolymer Thin Film Analysis—Determination of Film Thickness. FRONTIERS IN CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fceng.2021.755446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymer thin films with thickness below 100 nm are a fascinating class of 2D materials with commercial and research applications in many branches ranging from coatings to photoresists and insulating materials, to mention just a few uses. Biopolymers have extended the scope of polymer thin films with unique materials such as cellulose, cellulose nanocrystals, cellulose nanofibrils with tunable water uptake, crystallinity and optical properties. The key information needed in thin biopolymer film use and research is film thickness. It is often challenging to determine precisely and hence several techniques and their combinations are used. Additional challenges with hydrophilic biopolymers such as cellulose are the presence of humidity and the soft and often heterogenous structure of the films. This minireview summarizes currently used methods and techniques for biopolymer thin film thickness analysis and outlines challenges for accurate and reproducible characterization. Cellulose is chosen as the representative biopolymer.
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Lehnfeld J, Gruening M, Kronseder M, Mueller R. Comparison of Protein-Repellent Behavior of Linear versus Dendrimer-Structured Surface-Immobilized Polymers. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:5880-5890. [PMID: 32366096 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c00625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
For many biomedical applications, material surfaces should not only prevent unspecific protein adsorption and bacterial attachment as in many other applications in the food, health, or marine industry, but they should also promote the adhesion of tissue cells. In order to take a first step toward the challenging development of protein and bacteria-repelling and cell-adhesion-promoting materials, polyamine and poly(amido amine) surface coatings with terminal amine groups and varying structure (dendrimer, oligomer, polymer) were immobilized on model surfaces via silane chemistry. Physicochemical analysis showed that all modifications are hydrophilic (contact angles <60°) and possess similar surface free energies (SFEs, ∼46-54 mN/m), whereas their amine group densities and zeta potentials at physiological conditions (pH 7.4) varied greatly (-50 to +75 mV). In protein adsorption experiments with single proteins (human serum albumin (HSA) and lysozyme) as well as complex physiological fluids (fetal bovine serum (FBS) and human saliva), the amounts of adsorbed protein were found to correlate strongly with the zeta potential of the surface coatings. Both modifications based on linear polymers exhibited good protein repellency toward all proteins examined and are thus promising for testing in cell adhesion studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martina Gruening
- Department of Cell Biology, Rostock University Medical Center, Schillingallee 69, 18057 Rostock, Germany
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Kontturi E, Spirk S. Ultrathin Films of Cellulose: A Materials Perspective. Front Chem 2019; 7:488. [PMID: 31380342 PMCID: PMC6652239 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
A literature review on ultrathin films of cellulose is presented. The review focuses on different deposition methods of the films-all the way from simple monocomponent films to more elaborate multicomponent structures-and the use of the film structures in the vast realm of materials science. The common approach of utilizing cellulose thin films as experimental models is therefore omitted. The reader will find that modern usage of cellulose thin films constitutes an exciting emerging area within materials science and it goes far beyond the traditional usage of the films as model systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eero Kontturi
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Stefan Spirk
- Institute of Paper, Pulp and Fiber Technology, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
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Nau M, Trosien S, Seelinger D, Boehm AK, Biesalski M. Spatially Resolved Crosslinking of Hydroxypropyl Cellulose Esters for the Generation of Functional Surface-Attached Organogels. Front Chem 2019; 7:367. [PMID: 31179272 PMCID: PMC6543898 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemistry, geometric shape and swelling behavior are the key parameters that determine any successful use of man-made polymeric networks (gels). While understanding of the swelling behavior of both water-swellable hydrogels and organogels that swell in organic solvents can be considered well-advanced with respect to fossil fuel-based polymer networks, the understanding, in particular, of wood-derived polymers in such a network architecture is still lacking. In this work, we focus on organogels derived from hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) ester. The latter polymer was functionalized with saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, respectively. Due to their tailored chemical constitution, we demonstrated that such polysaccharide can be crosslinked and simultaneously surface-bound by using a photo-induced radical reaction using a photo-initiator. Based on the choice of fatty acid used in the design of the HPC ester, and by controlling the degree of substitution (DS) obtained during the esterification of the polysaccharide, modular manipulation of the physical properties (e.g., polarity) of the resulting gel is possible. Depending on the initiator employed, different wavelengths of light, from UV to visible, can be utilized for the crosslinking reaction, which facilitates the deployment of a range of light sources and different lithographic methods. Additionally, we showed that altering of the illumination time allows to tailor the netpoint density, and thus, the degree of linear deformation in equilibrium and the swelling kinetics. Finally, we performed a proof-of-principle experiment to demonstrate the application of our material for the generation of spatially resolved polymer patches to enrich organic molecules from a solution within a microfluidic channel.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Markus Biesalski
- Laboratory of Macromolecular Chemistry and Paper Chemistry, Ernst-Berl Institute of Chemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
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Czibula C, Teichert G, Nau M, Hobisch M, Palasingh C, Biesalski M, Spirk S, Teichert C, Nypelö T. Design of Friction, Morphology, Wetting, and Protein Affinity by Cellulose Blend Thin Film Composition. Front Chem 2019; 7:239. [PMID: 31131272 PMCID: PMC6509480 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellulose derivate phase separation in thin films was applied to generate patterned films with distinct surface morphology. Patterned polymer thin films are utilized in electronics, optics, and biotechnology but films based on bio-polymers are scarce. Film formation, roughness, wetting, and patterning are often investigated when it comes to characterization of the films. Frictional properties, on the other hand, have not been studied extensively. We extend the fundamental understanding of spin coated complex cellulose blend films via revealing their surface friction using Friction Force Microscopy (FFM). Two cellulose derivatives were transformed into two-phase blend films with one phase comprising trimethyl silyl cellulose (TMSC) regenerated to cellulose with hydroxyl groups exposed to the film surface. Adjusting the volume fraction of the spin coating solution resulted in variation of the surface fraction with the other, hydroxypropylcellulose stearate (HPCE) phase. The film morphology confirmed lateral and vertical separation and was translated into effective surface fraction. Phase separation as well as regeneration contributed to the surface morphology resulting in roughness variation of the blend films from 1.1 to 19.8 nm depending on the film composition. Friction analysis was successfully established, and then revealed that the friction coefficient of the films could be tuned and the blend films exhibited lowered friction force coefficient compared to the single-component films. Protein affinity of the films was investigated with bovine serum albumin (BSA) and depended mainly on the surface free energy (SFE) while no direct correlation with roughness or friction was found. BSA adsorption on film formed with 1:1 spinning solution volume ratio was an outlier and exhibited unexpected minimum in adsorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Czibula
- Institute of Physics, Montanuniversität Leoben, Leoben, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Fiber Swelling and Paper Performance, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | - Gundula Teichert
- Institute of Paper, Pulp and Fiber Technology, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | - Maximilian Nau
- Macromolecular Chemistry and Paper Chemistry, Technical University Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Mathias Hobisch
- Institute of Paper, Pulp and Fiber Technology, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | - Chonnipa Palasingh
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Markus Biesalski
- Macromolecular Chemistry and Paper Chemistry, Technical University Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Stefan Spirk
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Fiber Swelling and Paper Performance, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
- Institute of Paper, Pulp and Fiber Technology, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | - Christian Teichert
- Institute of Physics, Montanuniversität Leoben, Leoben, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Fiber Swelling and Paper Performance, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | - Tiina Nypelö
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Sampl C, Niegelhell K, Reishofer D, Resel R, Spirk S, Hirn U. Multilayer Density Analysis of Cellulose Thin Films. Front Chem 2019; 7:251. [PMID: 31041311 PMCID: PMC6476991 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
An approach for the multilayer density analysis of polysaccharide thin films at the example of cellulose is presented. In detail, a model was developed for the evaluation of the density in different layers across the thickness direction of the film. The cellulose thin film was split into a so called "roughness layer" present at the surface and a "bulk layer" attached to the substrate surface. For this approach, a combination of multi-parameter surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy (SPR) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) was employed to detect changes in the properties, such as cellulose content and density, thickness and refractive index, of the surface near layer and the bulk layer. The surface region of the films featured a much lower density than the bulk. Further, these results correlate to X-ray reflectivity studies, indicating a similar layered structure with reduced density at the surface near regions. The proposed method provides an approach to analyse density variations in thin films which can be used to study material properties and swelling behavior in different layers of the films. Limitations and challenges of the multilayer model evaluation method of cellulose thin films were discussed. This particularly involves the selection of the starting values for iteration of the layer thickness of the top layer, which was overcome by incorporation of AFM data in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Sampl
- Institute for Paper, Pulp and Fibre Technology, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
- CD-Laboratory for Fibre Swelling and Paper Performance, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | - Katrin Niegelhell
- Institute for Paper, Pulp and Fibre Technology, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
- CD-Laboratory for Fibre Swelling and Paper Performance, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | - David Reishofer
- Institute for Paper, Pulp and Fibre Technology, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | - Roland Resel
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | - Stefan Spirk
- Institute for Paper, Pulp and Fibre Technology, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
- CD-Laboratory for Fibre Swelling and Paper Performance, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | - Ulrich Hirn
- Institute for Paper, Pulp and Fibre Technology, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
- CD-Laboratory for Fibre Swelling and Paper Performance, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
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Schlemmer W, Zankel A, Niegelhell K, Hobisch M, Süssenbacher M, Zajki-Zechmeister K, Weissl M, Reishofer D, Plank H, Spirk S. Deposition of Cellulose-Based Thin Films on Flexible Substrates. MATERIALS 2018; 11:ma11122433. [PMID: 30513642 PMCID: PMC6316936 DOI: 10.3390/ma11122433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates flexible (polyamide 6.6 PA-6.6, polyethylene terephthalate PET, Cu, Al, and Ni foils) and, for comparison, stiff substrates (silicon wafers and glass) differing in, for example, in surface free energy and surface roughness and their ability to host cellulose-based thin films. Trimethylsilyl cellulose (TMSC), a hydrophobic acid-labile cellulose derivative, was deposited on these substrates and subjected to spin coating. For all the synthetic polymer and metal substrates, rather homogenous films were obtained, where the thickness and the roughness of the films correlated with the substrate roughness and its surface free energy. A particular case was the TMSC layer on the copper foil, which exhibited superhydrophobicity caused by the microstructuring of the copper substrate. After the investigation of TMSC film formation, the conversion to cellulose using acidic vapors of HCl was attempted. While for the polymer foils, as well as for glass and silicon, rather homogenous and smooth cellulose films were obtained, for the metal foils, there is a competing reaction between the formation of metal chlorides and the generation of cellulose. We observed particles corresponding to the metal chlorides, while we could not detect any cellulose thin films after HCl treatment of the metal foils as proven by cross-section imaging using scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Werner Schlemmer
- Institute for Paper-, Pulp- and Fibre Technology, Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 23, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Armin Zankel
- Institute of Electron Microscopy and Nanoanalysis (FELMI), Steyrergasse 17, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Katrin Niegelhell
- Institute for Paper-, Pulp- and Fibre Technology, Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 23, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Mathias Hobisch
- Institute for Paper-, Pulp- and Fibre Technology, Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 23, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Michael Süssenbacher
- Institute for Paper-, Pulp- and Fibre Technology, Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 23, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | | | - Michael Weissl
- Institute for Paper-, Pulp- and Fibre Technology, Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 23, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - David Reishofer
- Institute for Paper-, Pulp- and Fibre Technology, Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 23, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Harald Plank
- Institute of Electron Microscopy and Nanoanalysis (FELMI), Steyrergasse 17, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Stefan Spirk
- Institute for Paper-, Pulp- and Fibre Technology, Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 23, 8010 Graz, Austria.
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Effect of protein adsorption on the radial wicking of blood droplets in paper. J Colloid Interface Sci 2018; 528:116-123. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2018.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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