1
|
Dang X, Li N, Yu Z, Ji X, Yang M, Wang X. Advances in the preparation and application of cellulose-based antimicrobial materials: A review. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 342:122385. [PMID: 39048226 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
The rise of polymer materials in modern life has drawn attention to renewable, easily biodegradable, environmentally-friendly bio-based polymers. Notably, significant research has been dedicated to creating green antimicrobial functional materials for the biomedical field using natural polymer materials. Cellulose is a rich natural biomass organic polymer material. Given its favorable attributes like film-forming capability, biodegradability, and biocompatibility, it is extensively employed to tackle a wide range of challenges confronting humanity today. However, its inherent drawbacks, such as insolubility in water and most organic solvents, hygroscopic nature, difficulty in melting, and limited antimicrobial properties, continue to pose challenges for realizing the high-value applications of cellulose. Achieving multifunctionality and more efficient application of cellulose still poses major challenges. In this regard, the current development status of cellulose materials was reviewed, covering the classification, preparation methods, and application status of cellulose-based antimicrobial materials. The application value of cellulose-based antimicrobial materials in biomedicine, textiles, food packaging, cosmetics and wastewater treatment was summarised. Finally, insights were provided into the developing prospects of cellulose-based antimicrobial materials were provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xugang Dang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China; Institute for Biomass and Function Materials & College of Bioresources Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China.
| | - Nan Li
- Institute for Biomass and Function Materials & College of Bioresources Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Zhenfu Yu
- Institute for Biomass and Function Materials & College of Bioresources Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Xingxiang Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China.
| | - Mao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Xuechuan Wang
- Institute for Biomass and Function Materials & College of Bioresources Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kugo Y, Nomura S, Isono T, Sato SI, Fujiwara M, Satoh T, Tani H, Erata T, Tajima K. Elucidating the structural changes of cellulose molecules and dynamics of Na ions during the crystal transition from cellulose I to II in low temperature and low concentration NaOH solution. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 332:121907. [PMID: 38431393 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.121907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Low-concentration alkali treatments at low temperatures facilitate the crystal transition of cellulose I to II. However, the transition mechanism remains unclear. Hence, in this study, we traced the transition using in situ solid-state 13C CP/MAS NMR, WAXS, and 23Na NMR relaxation measurements. In situ solid-state 13C CP/MAS NMR and WAXS measurements revealed that soaking cellulose in NaOH at low temperatures disrupts the intramolecular hydrogen bonds and lowers the crystallinity of cellulose. The dynamics of Na ions (NaOH) play a crucial role in causing these phenomena. 23Na NMR relaxation measurements indicated that the Na-ion correlation time becomes longer during the crystal transition. This transition requires the penetration of Na ions (NaOH) into the cellulose crystal and a reduction in Na-ion mobility, which occurs at low temperatures or high NaOH concentrations. The interactions between cellulose and NaOH disrupt intramolecular hydrogen bonds, inducing a conformational change in the cellulose molecules into a more stable arrangement. This weakens the hydrophobic interactions of cellulose, and facilitates the penetration of NaOH and water into the crystal, leading to the formation of alkali cellulose. Our findings suggest that a strategy to control NaOH dynamics could lead to the discovery of a novel preparation method for cellulose II.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Kugo
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13W8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Nomura
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13W8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Takuya Isono
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13W8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan.
| | - Shin-Ichiro Sato
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13W8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan.
| | - Masashi Fujiwara
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13W8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan.
| | - Toshifumi Satoh
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13W8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan; ICReDD List-PF, Hokkaido University, N21W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan.
| | - Hirofumi Tani
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13W8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan.
| | - Tomoki Erata
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13W8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan.
| | - Kenji Tajima
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13W8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
A H, Sofini SPS, Balasubramanian D, Girigoswami A, Girigoswami K. Biomedical applications of natural and synthetic polymer based nanocomposites. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE. POLYMER EDITION 2024; 35:269-294. [PMID: 37962432 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2023.2283910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Various nanomaterials have been studied for their biomedical application in recent years. Among them, nanocomposites have a prominent medical application in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of various diseases. Nanocomposites are made up of polymeric matrix layers composed of synthetic or natural polymers like chitosan, polyethylene glycol, etc. Polymer nanocomposites are inorganic nanoparticles dispersed in a polymer matrix. There are two types of polymeric nanocomposites which include natural and synthetic polymer nanocomposites. These nanocomposites have various biomedical applications, such as medical implants, wound healing, wound dressing, bone repair and replacement, and dental filling. Polymeric nanocomposites have a wide range of biomedical applications due to their high stability, non-immunogenic nature, sustained drug delivery, non-toxic, and can escape reticuloendothelial system uptake along with drug bioavailability improvement. In this review, we have discussed various types of natural and synthetic polymer nanocomposites and their biomedical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harini A
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam, India
| | - Sharon P S Sofini
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam, India
| | - Deepika Balasubramanian
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam, India
| | - Agnishwar Girigoswami
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam, India
| | - Koyeli Girigoswami
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Tai HC, Chang CH, Cai W, Lin JH, Huang SJ, Lin QY, Yuan ECY, Li SL, Lin YCJ, Chan JCC, Tsao CS. Wood cellulose microfibrils have a 24-chain core-shell nanostructure in seed plants. NATURE PLANTS 2023; 9:1154-1168. [PMID: 37349550 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-023-01430-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Wood cellulose microfibril (CMF) is the most abundant organic substance on Earth but its nanostructure remains poorly understood. There are controversies regarding the glucan chain number (N) of CMFs during initial synthesis and whether they become fused afterward. Here, we combined small-angle X-ray scattering, solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance and X-ray diffraction analyses to resolve CMF nanostructures in native wood. We developed small-angle X-ray scattering measurement methods for the cross-section aspect ratio and area of the crystalline-ordered CMF core, which has a higher scattering length density than the semidisordered shell zone. The 1:1 aspect ratio suggested that CMFs remain mostly segregated, not fused. The area measurement reflected the chain number in the core zone (Ncore). To measure the ratio of ordered cellulose over total cellulose (Roc) by solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance, we developed a method termed global iterative fitting of T1ρ-edited decay (GIFTED), in addition to the conventional proton spin relaxation editing method. Using the formula N = Ncore/Roc, most wood CMFs were found to contain 24 glucan chains, conserved between gymnosperm and angiosperm trees. The average CMF has a crystalline-ordered core of ~2.2 nm diameter and a semidisordered shell of ~0.5 nm thickness. In naturally and artificially aged wood, we observed only CMF aggregation (contact without crystalline continuity) but not fusion (forming a conjoined crystalline unit). This further argued against the existence of partially fused CMFs in new wood, overturning the recently proposed 18-chain fusion hypothesis. Our findings are important for advancing wood structural knowledge and more efficient use of wood resources in sustainable bio-economies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hwan-Ching Tai
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chih-Hui Chang
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Republic of China
| | - Wenjie Cai
- School of Cultural Industry and Tourism and Cultural Industry Research Center, Fujian Social Science Research Base, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen, People's Republic of China
| | - Jer-Horng Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Republic of China
| | - Shing-Jong Huang
- Instrumentation Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Republic of China
| | - Qian-Yan Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Republic of China
| | | | - Shu-Li Li
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Republic of China
| | - Ying-Chung Jimmy Lin
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Republic of China
| | | | - Cheng-Si Tsao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Pedersen GB, Blaschek L, Frandsen KEH, Noack LC, Persson S. Cellulose synthesis in land plants. MOLECULAR PLANT 2023; 16:206-231. [PMID: 36564945 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2022.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
All plant cells are surrounded by a cell wall that provides cohesion, protection, and a means of directional growth to plants. Cellulose microfibrils contribute the main biomechanical scaffold for most of these walls. The biosynthesis of cellulose, which typically is the most prominent constituent of the cell wall and therefore Earth's most abundant biopolymer, is finely attuned to developmental and environmental cues. Our understanding of the machinery that catalyzes and regulates cellulose biosynthesis has substantially improved due to recent technological advances in, for example, structural biology and microscopy. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of the structure, function, and regulation of the cellulose synthesis machinery and its regulatory interactors. We aim to highlight important knowledge gaps in the field, and outline emerging approaches that promise a means to close those gaps.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gustav B Pedersen
- Copenhagen Plant Science Center (CPSC), Department of Plant & Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Leonard Blaschek
- Copenhagen Plant Science Center (CPSC), Department of Plant & Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Kristian E H Frandsen
- Copenhagen Plant Science Center (CPSC), Department of Plant & Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Lise C Noack
- Copenhagen Plant Science Center (CPSC), Department of Plant & Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Staffan Persson
- Copenhagen Plant Science Center (CPSC), Department of Plant & Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark; Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, SJTU-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhao W, Deligey F, Chandra Shekar S, Mentink-Vigier F, Wang T. Current limitations of solid-state NMR in carbohydrate and cell wall research. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2022; 341:107263. [PMID: 35809516 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2022.107263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
High-resolution investigation of cell wall materials has emerged as an important application of biomolecular solid-state NMR (ssNMR). Multidimensional correlation experiments have become a standard method for obtaining sufficient spectral resolution to determine the polymorphic structure of carbohydrates and address biochemical questions regarding the supramolecular organization of cell walls. Using plant cellulose and matrix polysaccharides as examples, we will review how the multifaceted complexity of polysaccharide structure is impeding the resonance assignment process and assess the available biochemical and spectroscopic approaches that could circumvent this barrier. We will emphasize the ineffectiveness of the current methods in reconciling the ever-growing dataset and deriving structural information. We will evaluate the protocols for achieving efficient and homogeneous hyperpolarization across the cell wall material using magic-angle spinning dynamic nuclear polarization (MAS-DNP). Critical questions regarding the line-broadening effects of cell wall molecules at cryogenic temperature and by paramagnetic biradicals will be considered. Finally, the MAS-DNP method will be placed into a broader context with other structural characterization techniques, such as cryo-electron microscopy, to advance ssNMR research in carbohydrate and cell wall biomaterials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wancheng Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Fabien Deligey
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - S Chandra Shekar
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | | | - Tuo Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Krichen F, Walha S, Abdelmouleh M. Hirshfeld surface analysis of the intermolecular interaction networks in cellulose Iα and Iβ. Carbohydr Res 2022; 518:108600. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2022.108600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
8
|
Deligey F, Frank MA, Cho SH, Kirui A, Mentink-Vigier F, Swulius MT, Nixon BT, Wang T. Structure of In Vitro-Synthesized Cellulose Fibrils Viewed by Cryo-Electron Tomography and 13C Natural-Abundance Dynamic Nuclear Polarization Solid-State NMR. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:2290-2301. [PMID: 35341242 PMCID: PMC9198983 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c01674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Cellulose, the most
abundant biopolymer, is a central source for
renewable energy and functionalized materials. In vitro synthesis of cellulose microfibrils (CMFs) has become possible using
purified cellulose synthase (CESA) isoforms from Physcomitrium
patens and hybrid aspen. The exact nature of these in vitro fibrils remains unknown. Here, we characterize in vitro-synthesized fibers made by CESAs present in membrane
fractions of P. patens over-expressing
CESA5 by cryo-electron tomography and dynamic nuclear polarization
(DNP) solid-state NMR. DNP enabled measuring two-dimensional 13C–13C correlation spectra without isotope-labeling
of the fibers. Results show structural similarity between in vitro fibrils and native CMF in plant cell walls. Intensity
quantifications agree with the 18-chain structural model for plant
CMF and indicate limited fibrillar bundling. The in vitro system thus reveals insights into cell wall synthesis and may contribute
to novel cellulosic materials. The integrated DNP and cryo-electron
tomography methods are also applicable to structural studies of other
carbohydrate-based biomaterials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Deligey
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Mark A Frank
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Sung Hyun Cho
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Alex Kirui
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | | | - Matthew T Swulius
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, United States
| | - B Tracy Nixon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Tuo Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Solid State NMR a Powerful Technique for Investigating Sustainable/Renewable Cellulose-Based Materials. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14051049. [PMID: 35267872 PMCID: PMC8914817 DOI: 10.3390/polym14051049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Solid state nuclear magnetic resonance (ssNMR) is a powerful and attractive characterization method for obtaining insights into the chemical structure and dynamics of a wide range of materials. Current interest in cellulose-based materials, as sustainable and renewable natural polymer products, requires deep investigation and analysis of the chemical structure, molecular packing, end chain motion, functional modification, and solvent–matrix interactions, which strongly dictate the final product properties and tailor their end applications. In comparison to other spectroscopic techniques, on an atomic level, ssNMR is considered more advanced, especially in the structural analysis of cellulose-based materials; however, due to a dearth in the availability of a broad range of pulse sequences, and time consuming experiments, its capabilities are underestimated. This critical review article presents the comprehensive and up-to-date work done using ssNMR, including the most advanced NMR strategies used to overcome and resolve the structural difficulties present in different types of cellulose-based materials.
Collapse
|
10
|
Shekar SC, Zhao W, Fernando LD, Hung I, Wang T. A 13C three-dimensional DQ-SQ-SQ correlation experiment for high-resolution analysis of complex carbohydrates using solid-state NMR. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2022; 336:107148. [PMID: 35121490 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2022.107148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Complex carbohydrates are the key components of the protective cell walls of microbial pathogens and the bioenergy reservoir in plants and algae. Structural characterization of these polymorphic molecules requires assistance from multidimensional 13C correlation approaches. To facilitate the analysis of carbohydrate structure using solid-state NMR, we present a three-dimensional (3D) 13C-13C-13C experiment that includes a double-quantum (DQ) dimension and is thus free of the cube's body diagonal. The enhanced resolution supports the unambiguous resonance assignment of many polysaccharides in plant and fungal cell walls using uniformly 13C-labeled cells of spruce and Aspergillus fumigatus. Long-range structural restraints were effectively obtained to revisit our understanding of the spatial organization of plant cellulose microfibrils. The method is widely applicable to the investigations of cellular carbohydrates and carbon-based biomaterials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Chandra Shekar
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Wancheng Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Liyanage D Fernando
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Ivan Hung
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
| | - Tuo Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Carbohydrate-aromatic interface and molecular architecture of lignocellulose. Nat Commun 2022; 13:538. [PMID: 35087039 PMCID: PMC8795156 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28165-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant cell walls constitute the majority of lignocellulosic biomass and serve as a renewable resource of biomaterials and biofuel. Extensive interactions between polysaccharides and the aromatic polymer lignin make lignocellulose recalcitrant to enzymatic hydrolysis, but this polymer network remains poorly understood. Here we interrogate the nanoscale assembly of lignocellulosic components in plant stems using solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance and dynamic nuclear polarization approaches. We show that the extent of glycan-aromatic association increases sequentially across grasses, hardwoods, and softwoods. Lignin principally packs with the xylan in a non-flat conformation via non-covalent interactions and partially binds the junction of flat-ribbon xylan and cellulose surface as a secondary site. All molecules are homogeneously mixed in softwoods; this unique feature enables water retention even around the hydrophobic aromatics. These findings unveil the principles of polymer interactions underlying the heterogeneous architecture of lignocellulose, which may guide the rational design of more digestible plants and more efficient biomass-conversion pathways. The plant biomass is a composite formed by a variety of polysaccharides and an aromatic polymer named lignin. Here, the authors use solid-state NMR spectroscopy to unveil the carbohydrate-aromatic interface that leads to the variable architecture of lignocellulose biomaterials.
Collapse
|
12
|
Munson CR, Gao Y, Mortimer JC, Murray DT. Solid-State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance as a Tool to Probe the Impact of Mechanical Preprocessing on the Structure and Arrangement of Plant Cell Wall Polymers. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 12:766506. [PMID: 35095947 PMCID: PMC8790750 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.766506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Efficient separation of the plant cell wall polymers during lignocellulose processing has been historically challenging due to insolubility of the polymers and their propensity for recalcitrant reassembly. Methods, such as "lignin first" extraction techniques, have advanced efficient biomass use, but the molecular mechanisms for recalcitrance remain enigmatic. Here, we discuss how solid-state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) approaches report on the 3D organization of cellulose, xylan, and lignin in the plant cell wall. Recent results illustrate that the organization of these polymers varies across biomass sources and sample preparation methods, with even minimal physical processing causing significant effects. These structural differences contribute to variable extraction efficiencies for bioproducts after downstream processing. We propose that solid-state NMR methods can be applied to follow biomass processing, providing an understanding of the polymer rearrangements that can lead to poor yields for the desired bioproducts. The utility of the technique is illustrated for mechanical processing using lab-scale vibratory ball milling of Sorghum bicolor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Coyla R. Munson
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Yu Gao
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, United States
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Jenny C. Mortimer
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, United States
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia
| | - Dylan T. Murray
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ghassemi N, Poulhazan A, Deligey F, Mentink-Vigier F, Marcotte I, Wang T. Solid-State NMR Investigations of Extracellular Matrixes and Cell Walls of Algae, Bacteria, Fungi, and Plants. Chem Rev 2021; 122:10036-10086. [PMID: 34878762 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular matrixes (ECMs), such as the cell walls and biofilms, are important for supporting cell integrity and function and regulating intercellular communication. These biomaterials are also of significant interest to the production of biofuels and the development of antimicrobial treatment. Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (ssNMR) and magic-angle spinning-dynamic nuclear polarization (MAS-DNP) are uniquely powerful for understanding the conformational structure, dynamical characteristics, and supramolecular assemblies of carbohydrates and other biomolecules in ECMs. This review highlights the recent high-resolution investigations of intact ECMs and native cells in many organisms spanning across plants, bacteria, fungi, and algae. We spotlight the structural principles identified in ECMs, discuss the current technical limitation and underexplored biochemical topics, and point out the promising opportunities enabled by the recent advances of the rapidly evolving ssNMR technology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nader Ghassemi
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Alexandre Poulhazan
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal H2X 2J6, Canada
| | - Fabien Deligey
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | | | - Isabelle Marcotte
- Department of Chemistry, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal H2X 2J6, Canada
| | - Tuo Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Phyo P, Zhao X, Templeton AC, Xu W, Cheung JK, Su Y. Understanding molecular mechanisms of biologics drug delivery and stability from NMR spectroscopy. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 174:1-29. [PMID: 33609600 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Protein therapeutics carry inherent limitations of membrane impermeability and structural instability, despite their predominant role in the modern pharmaceutical market. Effective formulations are needed to overcome physiological and physicochemical barriers, respectively, for improving bioavailability and stability. Knowledge of membrane affinity, cellular internalization, encapsulation, and release of drug-loaded carrier vehicles uncover the structural basis for designing and optimizing biopharmaceuticals with enhanced delivery efficiency and therapeutic efficacy. Understanding stabilizing and destabilizing interactions between protein drugs and formulation excipients provide fundamental mechanisms for ensuring the stability and quality of biological products. This article reviews the molecular studies of biologics using solution and solid-state NMR spectroscopy on structural attributes pivotal to drug delivery and stability. In-depth investigation of the structure-function relationship of drug delivery systems based on cell-penetrating peptides, lipid nanoparticles and polymeric colloidal, and biophysical and biochemical stability of peptide, protein, monoclonal antibody, and vaccine, as the integrative efforts on drug product design, will be elaborated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pyae Phyo
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, United States
| | - Xi Zhao
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, United States
| | - Allen C Templeton
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, United States
| | - Wei Xu
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, United States
| | - Jason K Cheung
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, United States
| | - Yongchao Su
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Yuan ECY, Huang SJ, Huang HC, Sinkkonen J, Oss A, Org ML, Samoson A, Tai HC, Chan JCC. Faster magic angle spinning reveals cellulose conformations in woods. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:4110-4113. [PMID: 33908496 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc01149a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We present a first report on the detection of three different C6 conformers of cellulose in spruce, as revealed by solid-state 1H-13C correlation spectra. The breakthrough in 1H resolution is achieved by magic-angle spinning in the regime of 150 kHz. The suppression of dense dipolar network of 1H provides inverse detected 13C spectra at a good sensitivity even in natural samples. We find that the glycosidic linkages are initially more ordered in spruce than maple, but a thermal treatment of spruce leads to a more heterogeneous packing order of the remaining cellulose fibrils.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Chung-Yueh Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, Republic of China.
| | - Shing-Jong Huang
- Instrumentation Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Hung-Chia Huang
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, Republic of China.
| | - Jari Sinkkonen
- Innovation Centre for Biomaterials, Stora Enso AB, Nacka 13154, Sweden
| | - Andres Oss
- Tallinn University of Technology, Estonia.
| | | | | | - Hwan-Ching Tai
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, Republic of China.
| | - Jerry Chun Chung Chan
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Reif B, Ashbrook SE, Emsley L, Hong M. Solid-state NMR spectroscopy. NATURE REVIEWS. METHODS PRIMERS 2021; 1:2. [PMID: 34368784 PMCID: PMC8341432 DOI: 10.1038/s43586-020-00002-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is an atomic-level method used to determine the chemical structure, three-dimensional structure, and dynamics of solids and semi-solids. This Primer summarizes the basic principles of NMR as applied to the wide range of solid systems. The fundamental nuclear spin interactions and the effects of magnetic fields and radiofrequency pulses on nuclear spins are the same as in liquid-state NMR. However, because of the anisotropy of the interactions in the solid state, the majority of high-resolution solid-state NMR spectra is measured under magic-angle spinning (MAS), which has profound effects on the types of radiofrequency pulse sequences required to extract structural and dynamical information. We describe the most common MAS NMR experiments and data analysis approaches for investigating biological macromolecules, organic materials, and inorganic solids. Continuing development of sensitivity-enhancement approaches, including 1H-detected fast MAS experiments, dynamic nuclear polarization, and experiments tailored to ultrahigh magnetic fields, is described. We highlight recent applications of solid-state NMR to biological and materials chemistry. The Primer ends with a discussion of current limitations of NMR to study solids, and points to future avenues of development to further enhance the capabilities of this sophisticated spectroscopy for new applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Reif
- Technische Universität München, Department Chemie, Lichtenbergstr. 4, D-85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Sharon E. Ashbrook
- School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Lyndon Emsley
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institut des sciences et ingénierie chimiques, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mei Hong
- Department of Chemistry and Francis Bitter Magnet Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 170 Albany Street, Cambridge, MA 02139
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Thomas LH, Altaner CM, Forsyth VT, Mossou E, Kennedy CJ, Martel A, Jarvis MC. Nanostructural deformation of high-stiffness spruce wood under tension. Sci Rep 2021; 11:453. [PMID: 33432070 PMCID: PMC7801420 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79676-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Conifer wood is an exceptionally stiff and strong material when its cellulose microfibrils are well aligned. However, it is not well understood how the polymer components cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin co-operate to resist tensile stress in wood. From X-ray scattering, neutron scattering and spectroscopic data, collected under tension and processed by novel methods, the ordered, disordered and hemicellulose-coated cellulose components comprising each microfibril were shown to stretch together and demonstrated concerted, viscous stress relaxation facilitated by water. Different cellulose microfibrils did not all stretch to the same degree. Attempts were made to distinguish between microfibrils showing large and small elongation but these domains were shown to be similar with respect to orientation, crystalline disorder, hydration and the presence of bound xylan. These observations are consistent with a major stress transfer process between microfibrils being shear at interfaces in direct, hydrogen-bonded contact, as demonstrated by small-angle neutron scattering. If stress were transmitted between microfibrils by bridging hemicelluloses these might have been expected to show divergent stretching and relaxation behaviour, which was not observed. However lignin and hemicellulosic glucomannans may contribute to stress transfer on a larger length scale between microfibril bundles (macrofibrils).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lynne H Thomas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Clemens M Altaner
- New Zealand School of Forestry, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - V Trevor Forsyth
- Institut Laue-Langevin, 38042, Grenoble Cedex 9, France.,Partnership for Structural Biology (PSB), 38042, Grenoble Cedex 9, France.,Faculty of Natural Sciences, Keele University, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Estelle Mossou
- Institut Laue-Langevin, 38042, Grenoble Cedex 9, France.,Partnership for Structural Biology (PSB), 38042, Grenoble Cedex 9, France.,Faculty of Natural Sciences, Keele University, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Craig J Kennedy
- School of Energy, Geoscience, Infrastructure and Society, Heriot Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, Scotland, UK
| | - Anne Martel
- Institut Laue-Langevin, 38042, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Michael C Jarvis
- School of Chemistry, Glasgow University, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, Scotland, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zhao W, Kirui A, Deligey F, Mentink-Vigier F, Zhou Y, Zhang B, Wang T. Solid-state NMR of unlabeled plant cell walls: high-resolution structural analysis without isotopic enrichment. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2021; 14:14. [PMID: 33413580 PMCID: PMC7792314 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-020-01858-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multidimensional solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (ssNMR) spectroscopy has emerged as an indispensable technique for resolving polymer structure and intermolecular packing in primary and secondary plant cell walls. Isotope (13C) enrichment provides feasible sensitivity for measuring 2D/3D correlation spectra, but this time-consuming procedure and its associated expenses have restricted the application of ssNMR in lignocellulose analysis. RESULTS Here, we present a method that relies on the sensitivity-enhancing technique Dynamic Nuclear Polarization (DNP) to eliminate the need for 13C-labeling. With a 26-fold sensitivity enhancement, a series of 2D 13C-13C correlation spectra were successfully collected using the unlabeled stems of wild-type Oryza sativa (rice). The atomic resolution allows us to observe a large number of intramolecular cross peaks for fully revealing the polymorphic structure of cellulose and xylan. NMR relaxation and dipolar order parameters further suggest a sophisticated change of molecular motions in a ctl1 ctl2 double mutant: both cellulose and xylan have become more dynamic on the nanosecond and microsecond timescale, but the motional amplitudes are uniformly small for both polysaccharides. CONCLUSIONS By skipping isotopic labeling, the DNP strategy demonstrated here is universally extendable to all lignocellulose materials. This time-efficient method has landed the technical foundation for understanding polysaccharide structure and cell wall assembly in a large variety of plant tissues and species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wancheng Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - Alex Kirui
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - Fabien Deligey
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | | | - Yihua Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Baocai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Tuo Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Yamada K, Yamaguchi Y, Uekusa Y, Aoki K, Shimada I, Yamaguchi T, Kato K. Solid-state 17O NMR analysis of synthetically 17O-enriched d-glucosamine. Chem Phys Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2020.137455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
20
|
Zhao W, Fernando LD, Kirui A, Deligey F, Wang T. Solid-state NMR of plant and fungal cell walls: A critical review. SOLID STATE NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE 2020; 107:101660. [PMID: 32251983 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssnmr.2020.101660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The cell walls of plants and microbes are a central source for bio-renewable energy and the major targets of antibiotics and antifungal agents. It is highly challenging to determine the molecular structure of complex carbohydrates, protein and lignin, and their supramolecular assembly in intact cell walls. This article selectively highlights the recent breakthroughs that employ 13C/15N solid-state NMR techniques to elucidate the architecture of fungal cell walls in Aspergillus fumigatus and the primary and secondary cell walls in a large variety of plant species such as Arabidopsis, Brachypodium, maize, and spruce. Built upon these pioneering studies, we further summarize the underexplored aspects of fungal and plant cell walls. The new research opportunities introduced by innovative methods, such as the detection of proton and quadrupolar nuclei on ultrahigh-field magnets and under fast magic-angle spinning, paramagnetic probes, natural-abundance DNP, and software development, are also critically discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wancheng Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - Liyanage D Fernando
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - Alex Kirui
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - Fabien Deligey
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - Tuo Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
DFT approach to the pathway of conformational changes of cellulose C6-hydroxymethyl group with simple cellotetraose model involving the mechanism of mercerization process. Chem Phys Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2020.137154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
22
|
Terrett OM, Lyczakowski JJ, Yu L, Iuga D, Franks WT, Brown SP, Dupree R, Dupree P. Molecular architecture of softwood revealed by solid-state NMR. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4978. [PMID: 31673042 PMCID: PMC6823442 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12979-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Economically important softwood from conifers is mainly composed of the polysaccharides cellulose, galactoglucomannan and xylan, and the phenolic polymer, lignin. The interactions between these polymers lead to wood mechanical strength and must be overcome in biorefining. Here, we use 13C multidimensional solid-state NMR to analyse the polymer interactions in never-dried cell walls of the softwood, spruce. In contrast to some earlier softwood cell wall models, most of the xylan binds to cellulose in the two-fold screw conformation. Moreover, galactoglucomannan alters its conformation by intimately binding to the surface of cellulose microfibrils in a semi-crystalline fashion. Some galactoglucomannan and xylan bind to the same cellulose microfibrils, and lignin is associated with both of these cellulose-bound polysaccharides. We propose a model of softwood molecular architecture which explains the origin of the different cellulose environments observed in the NMR experiments. Our model will assist strategies for improving wood usage in a sustainable bioeconomy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oliver M Terrett
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Hopkins Building, The Downing Site, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QW, UK
| | - Jan J Lyczakowski
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Hopkins Building, The Downing Site, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QW, UK
- Natural Material Innovation Centre, University of Cambridge, 1 Scroope Terrace, Cambridge, CB2 1PX, UK
| | - Li Yu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Hopkins Building, The Downing Site, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QW, UK
- Natural Material Innovation Centre, University of Cambridge, 1 Scroope Terrace, Cambridge, CB2 1PX, UK
| | - Dinu Iuga
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - W Trent Franks
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Steven P Brown
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Ray Dupree
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
| | - Paul Dupree
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Hopkins Building, The Downing Site, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QW, UK.
- Natural Material Innovation Centre, University of Cambridge, 1 Scroope Terrace, Cambridge, CB2 1PX, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Chen P, Terenzi C, Furó I, Berglund LA, Wohlert J. Quantifying Localized Macromolecular Dynamics within Hydrated Cellulose Fibril Aggregates. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b00472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pan Chen
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Cellulose and its Derivatives, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Camilla Terenzi
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Wageningen University and Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Interesting core-shell structure and "V-shape" shift: The property and formation mechanism of structural heterogeneity in cellulose hydrogel. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 217:110-115. [PMID: 31079666 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.04.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Structural heterogeneity is a common phenomenon in cellulose hydrogel fabricated from ionic liquid. In this work, we characterized cellulose hydrogel wire by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) image system and found its interesting core-shell structure. By pixel spectra analysis, we explored their distinctive hydrogen bond network in core and shell regions. To unveil the formation of heterogeneous core-shell structure, we tracked the cellulose regeneration procedure in situ by time-dependent attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy. Inspired by an interesting red followed by blue band position shift, namely "V-shape" shift, we proposed a tri-step model of cellulose regeneration in favor of quantum calculation. The tri-step model can explain the formation of the heterogeneous core-shell structure.
Collapse
|
25
|
Kanai N, Yoshihara N, Kawamura I. Solid-state NMR characterization of triacylglycerol and polysaccharides in coffee beans. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2019; 83:803-809. [PMID: 30696386 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2019.1571899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
It is important to understand the structural characteristics of triacylglycerol (TAG), polysaccharides and trace elements in coffee beans, so that residues can be reutilized in applications including biodiesel oils. Here, we performed 1H and 13C solid-state NMR measurements on Indonesian green beans, roasted beans, and spent coffee grounds (SCGs). In the NMR spectra, there were liquid-like TAG containing linoleic acids based on observed signals of -CH=CH-CH2-CH=CH- group in an acyl chain, which play a role in decreasing TAG’s melting point. We found TAG was still abundant in the SCGs from NMR spectra. After lipids were removed from SCGs, the intensity of the TAG signal decreased considerably, with approximately 64% of the TAG was successfully extracted. We described the chemical structure of TAG in coffee beans and demonstrated that it is possible quantify the amount of extracted TAG using solid-state NMR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Kanai
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Life Science, College of Engineering Science, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Naoki Yoshihara
- Instrumental Analysis Center, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Izuru Kawamura
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Life Science, College of Engineering Science, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Han R, Yang Y, Wang S. Longitudinal Relaxation Optimization Enhances 1 H-Detected HSQC in Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy on Challenging Biological Systems. Chemistry 2019; 25:4115-4122. [PMID: 30632195 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201805327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Solid-state (SS) NMR spectroscopy is a powerful technique for studying challenging biological systems, but it often suffers from low sensitivity. A longitudinal relaxation optimization scheme to enhance the signal sensitivity of HSQC experiments in SSNMR spectroscopy is reported. Under the proposed scheme, the 1 H spins of 1 H-X (15 N or 13 C) are selected for signal acquisition, whereas other vast 1 H spins are flipped back to the axis of the static magnetic field to accelerate the spin recovery of the observed 1 H spins, resulting in enhanced sensitivity. Three biological systems are used to evaluate this strategy, including a seven-transmembrane protein, an RNA, and a whole-cell sample. For all three samples, the proposed scheme largely shortens the effective 1 H longitudinal relaxation time and results in a 1.3-2.5-fold gain in sensitivity. The selected systems are representative of challenging biological systems for observation by means of SSNMR spectroscopy; thus indicating the general applicability of this method, which is particularly important for biological samples with a short lifetime or with limited sample quantities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rong Han
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering and Beijing NMR Center, Peking University, No. 5th, Yiheyuan Rd., Beijing, 100871, P.R. China
| | - Yufei Yang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering and Beijing NMR Center, Peking University, No. 5th, Yiheyuan Rd., Beijing, 100871, P.R. China
| | - Shenlin Wang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering and Beijing NMR Center, Peking University, No. 5th, Yiheyuan Rd., Beijing, 100871, P.R. China.,Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Li FS, Phyo P, Jacobowitz J, Hong M, Weng JK. The molecular structure of plant sporopollenin. NATURE PLANTS 2019; 5:41-46. [PMID: 30559416 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-018-0330-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Sporopollenin is a ubiquitous and extremely chemically inert biopolymer that constitutes the outer wall of all land-plant spores and pollen grains1. Sporopollenin protects the vulnerable plant gametes against a wide range of environmental assaults, and is considered a prerequisite for the migration of early plants onto land2. Despite its importance, the chemical structure of plant sporopollenin has remained elusive1. Using a newly developed thioacidolysis degradative method together with state-of-the-art solid-state NMR techniques, we determined the detailed molecular structure of pine sporopollenin. We show that pine sporopollenin is primarily composed of aliphatic-polyketide-derived polyvinyl alcohol units and 7-O-p-coumaroylated C16 aliphatic units, crosslinked through a distinctive dioxane moiety featuring an acetal. Naringenin was also identified as a minor component of pine sporopollenin. This discovery answers the long-standing question about the chemical make-up of plant sporopollenin, laying the foundation for future investigations of sporopollenin biosynthesis and for the design of new biomimetic polymers with desirable inert properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Shuang Li
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Pyae Phyo
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Joseph Jacobowitz
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Mei Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jing-Ke Weng
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Kirui A, Ling Z, Kang X, Widanage MCD, Mentink-Vigier F, French AD, Wang T. Atomic Resolution of Cotton Cellulose Structure Enabled by Dynamic Nuclear Polarization Solid-State NMR. CELLULOSE (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2019; 26:329-339. [PMID: 31289425 PMCID: PMC6615758 DOI: 10.1007/s10570-018-2095-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The insufficient resolution of conventional methods has long limited the structural elucidation of cellulose and its derivatives, especially for those with relatively low crystallinities or in native cell walls. Recent 2D/3D solid-state NMR studies of 13C uniformly labeled plant biomaterials have initiated a re-investigation of our existing knowledge in cellulose structure and its interactions with matrix polymers but for unlabeled materials, this spectroscopic method becomes impractical due to limitations in sensitivity. Here, we investigate the molecular structure of unlabeled cotton cellulose by combining natural abundance 13C-13C 2D correlation solid-state NMR spectroscopy, as enabled by the sensitivity-enhancing technique of dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP), with statistical analysis of the observed and literature-reported chemical shifts. The atomic resolution allows us to monitor the loss of Iα and Iβ allomorphs and the generation of a novel structure during ball-milling, which reveals the importance of large crystallite size for maintaining the Iα and Iβ model structures. Partial order has been identified in the "disordered" domains, as evidenced by a discrete distribution of well-resolved peaks. This study not only provides heretofore unavailable high-resolution insights into cotton cellulose but also presents a widely applicable strategy for analyzing the structure of cellulose-rich materials without isotope-labeling. This work was part of a multi-technique study of ball-milled cotton described in the previous article in the same issue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alex Kirui
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803
| | - Zhe Ling
- Southern Regional Research Center USDA, New Orleans, LA 70124
- Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Xue Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803
| | | | | | - Alfred D. French
- Southern Regional Research Center USDA, New Orleans, LA 70124
- Corresponding authors (; )
| | - Tuo Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803
- Corresponding authors (; )
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Li FS, Phyo P, Jacobowitz J, Hong M, Weng JK. The molecular structure of plant sporopollenin. NATURE PLANTS 2019. [PMID: 30559416 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-018-0330-337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Sporopollenin is a ubiquitous and extremely chemically inert biopolymer that constitutes the outer wall of all land-plant spores and pollen grains1. Sporopollenin protects the vulnerable plant gametes against a wide range of environmental assaults, and is considered a prerequisite for the migration of early plants onto land2. Despite its importance, the chemical structure of plant sporopollenin has remained elusive1. Using a newly developed thioacidolysis degradative method together with state-of-the-art solid-state NMR techniques, we determined the detailed molecular structure of pine sporopollenin. We show that pine sporopollenin is primarily composed of aliphatic-polyketide-derived polyvinyl alcohol units and 7-O-p-coumaroylated C16 aliphatic units, crosslinked through a distinctive dioxane moiety featuring an acetal. Naringenin was also identified as a minor component of pine sporopollenin. This discovery answers the long-standing question about the chemical make-up of plant sporopollenin, laying the foundation for future investigations of sporopollenin biosynthesis and for the design of new biomimetic polymers with desirable inert properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Shuang Li
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Pyae Phyo
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Joseph Jacobowitz
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Mei Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jing-Ke Weng
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
|