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Cortes Ruiz MF, Garemark J, Ritter M, Brusentsev Y, Larsson PT, Olsén P, Wågberg L. Structure-properties relationships of defined CNF single-networks crosslinked by telechelic PEGs. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 339:122245. [PMID: 38823913 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
The high structural anisotropy and colloidal stability of cellulose nanofibrils' enable the creation of self-standing fibrillar hydrogel networks at very low solid contents. Adding methacrylate moieties on the surface of TEMPO oxidized CNFs allows the formation of more robust covalently crosslinked networks by free radical polymerization of acrylic monomers, exploiting the mechanical properties of these networks more efficiently. This technique yields strong and elastic networks but with an undefined network structure. In this work, we use acrylate-capped telechelic polymers derived from the step-growth polymerization of PEG diacrylate and dithiothreitol to crosslink methacrylated TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibrils (MATO CNF). This combination resulted in flexible and strong hydrogels, as observed through rheological studies, compression and tensile loading. The structure and mechanical properties of these hydrogel networks were found to depend on the dimensions of the CNFs and polymer crosslinkers. The structure of the networks and the role of individual components were evaluated with SAXS (Small-Angle X-ray Scattering) and photo-rheology. A thorough understanding of hybrid CNF/polymer networks and how to best exploit the capacity of these networks enable further advancement of cellulose-based materials for applications in packaging, soft robotics, and biomedical engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria F Cortes Ruiz
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Department of Fiber and Polymer Technology, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Fiber Technology, Department of Fiber and Polymer Technology, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Jonas Garemark
- Wood Materials Science, Institute for Building Materials, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maximilian Ritter
- Wood Materials Science, Institute for Building Materials, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Yury Brusentsev
- Laboratory of Molecular Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi, Åbo, Finland
| | - Per Tomas Larsson
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Department of Fiber and Polymer Technology, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Fiber Technology, Department of Fiber and Polymer Technology, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden; Research Institutes of Sweden RISE, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Olsén
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Department of Fiber and Polymer Technology, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Biocomposites, Department of Fiber and Polymer Technology, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Wågberg
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Department of Fiber and Polymer Technology, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Fiber Technology, Department of Fiber and Polymer Technology, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.
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2
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Yang Y, Yang Z, Zhuang G, Feng YN, Chen FF, Yu Y. Flexible and Free-Standing Metal-Organic Framework Nanowire Paper. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:30306-30313. [PMID: 38819016 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c05031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Beyond traditional paper, multifunctional nanopaper has received much attention in recent years. Currently, many nanomaterials have been successfully used as building units of nanopaper. However, it remains a great challenge to prepare flexible and freestanding metal-organic framework (MOF) nanopaper owing to the low aspect ratio and brittleness of MOF nanocrystals. Herein, this work develops a flexible and free-standing MOF nanopaper with MOF nanowires as building units. The manganese-based MOF (Mn-MOF) nanowires with lengths up to 100 μm are synthesized by a facile solvothermal method. Through a paper-making technique, the Mn-MOF nanowires interweave with each other to form a three-dimensional architecture, thus creating a flexible and free-standing Mn-MOF nanowire paper. Furthermore, the surface properties can be engineered to obtain high hydrophobicity by modifying polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) on the surfaces of the Mn-MOF nanowire paper. The water contact angle reaches 130°. As a proof of concept, this work presents two potential applications of the Mn-MOF/PDMS nanowire paper: (i) The as-prepared Mn-MOF/PDMS nanowire paper is compatible with a commercial printer. The as-printed colorful patterns are of high quality, and (ii) benefiting from the highly hydrophobic surfaces, the Mn-MOF/PDMS nanowire paper is able to efficiently separate oil from water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Technologies, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
- Qingyuan Innovation Laboratory, Quanzhou 362801, China
| | - Zhe Yang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Technologies, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
- Qingyuan Innovation Laboratory, Quanzhou 362801, China
| | - Guoxin Zhuang
- Scientific Research and Experiment Center, Fujian Police College, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Ya-Nan Feng
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Technologies, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
- Qingyuan Innovation Laboratory, Quanzhou 362801, China
| | - Fei-Fei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Technologies, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
- Qingyuan Innovation Laboratory, Quanzhou 362801, China
| | - Yan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Technologies, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
- Qingyuan Innovation Laboratory, Quanzhou 362801, China
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3
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Zha L, Yan M, Berglund LA, Zhou Q. Tailoring the Holocellulose Fiber/Acrylic Resin Composite Interface with Hydrophobic Carboxymethyl Cellulose to Enhance Optical and Mechanical Properties. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:3731-3740. [PMID: 38712827 PMCID: PMC11170952 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.4c00295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Interface engineering is essential for cellulosic fiber-reinforced polymer composites to achieve high strength and toughness. In this study, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) functionalized with hydrophobic quaternary ammonium ions (QAs) were utilized to modify the interface between holocellulose fibers (HF) and acrylic resin. The wet HF/CMC papers were prepared by vacuum filtration, akin to papermaking, followed by cationic ion exchange with different hydrophobic QAs. Subsequently, the modified papers were dried, impregnated with an acrylic resin monomer, and cured to produce transparent composite films. The effect of the hydrophobic QA moieties on the structure and optical and mechanical properties of the HF/CMC/acrylic resin composites were investigated. The composite film with cetyltrimethylammonium (CTA)-functionalized CMC showed high optical transmittance (87%) with low haze (43%), while the composite film with phenyltrimethylammonium (PTMA)-functionalized CMC demonstrated high Young's modulus of 7.6 GPa and high tensile strength of 180 MPa. These properties are higher than those of the composites prepared through covalent interfacial modification strategies. The results highlighted the crucial role of hydrophobic functionalized CMCs in facilitating homogeneous resin impregnation in the HF fiber network, producing a composite with enhanced interfacial adhesion strength, increased optical transparency, and mechanical strength. This facile use of hydrophobic CMCs as interfacial compatibilizers provides an energy-efficient route for preparing transparent, thin, and flexible composite films favorable in optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zha
- Division
of Glycoscience, Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Sciences
in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Centre, Stockholm SE-106 91, Sweden
| | - Max Yan
- Department
of Applied Physics, School of Engineering Sciences, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm SE-114 19, Sweden
| | - Lars A. Berglund
- Wallenberg
Wood Science Center, Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56, Stockholm SE-100 44, Sweden
| | - Qi Zhou
- Division
of Glycoscience, Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Sciences
in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Centre, Stockholm SE-106 91, Sweden
- Wallenberg
Wood Science Center, Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56, Stockholm SE-100 44, Sweden
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4
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Lin X, Li Y, Fang Z, Li G, Liu Y, Qiu X. Strong Yet Tough Transparent Paper with Superb Foldability. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2400151. [PMID: 38558525 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202400151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Transparent paper manufactured from wood fibers is emerging as a promising, cost-effective, and carbon-neutral alternatives to plastics. However, fully exploring their mechanical properties is one of the most pressing challenges. In this work, a strong yet tough transparent paper with superior folding endurance is prepared by rationally altering the native fiber structure. Microwave-assisted choline chloride/lactic acid deep eutectic solvent (DES) pulping is first utilized to isolate wood fibers from spruce wood. During this process, the S1 layer within the fibers is partially disrupted, forming protruding microfibrils that play a crucial role in enhancing cellulose accessibility. Subsequently, carboxymethylation treatment is applied to yield uniformly swollen carboxymethylated wood fibers (CM fibers), which improves the interaction between CM fibers during papermaking. The as-prepared transparent paper not only shows a 90% light transmittance (550 nm) but also exhibits impressive mechanical properties, including a folding endurance of over 26 000, a tensile strength of 248.4 MPa, and a toughness of 15.6 MJ m-3. This work provides a promising route for manufacturing transparent paper with superior mechanical properties from wood fibers and can extend their use in areas normally dominated by high-performance nonrenewable plastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqi Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Yujie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Zhiqiang Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Guanhui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Yu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Xueqing Qiu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Biorefinery, Guangdong University of Technology, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
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Zhang Z, Kong Y, Gao J, Han X, Lian Z, Liu J, Wang WJ, Yang X. Engineering strong man-made cellulosic fibers: a review of the wet spinning process based on cellulose nanofibrils. NANOSCALE 2024. [PMID: 38465763 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr06126d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
With the goal of sustainable development, manufacturing continuous high-performance fibers based on sustainable resources is an emerging research direction. However, compared to traditional synthetic fibers, plant fibers have limited length/diameter and uncontrollable natural defects, while regenerated cellulose fibers such as viscose and Lyocell suffer from inferior mechanical properties. Wet-spun fibers based on nanocelluloses especially cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) offer superior mechanical performance since CNFs are the fundamental high-performance building blocks of plant cell walls. This review aims to summarize the progress of making CNF wet-spun fibers, emphasizing on the whole wet spinning process including spinning suspension preparation, spinning, coagulation, washing, drying and post-stretching steps. By establishing the relationships between the nano-scale assembling structure and the macroscopic changes in the CNF dope from gels to dried fibers, effective methods and strategies to improve the mechanical properties of the final fibers are analyzed and proposed. Based on this, the opportunities and challenges for potential industrial-scale production are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P.R. China.
- Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou, Quzhou, 324000, P.R. China
| | - Yuying Kong
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P.R. China.
- Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou, Quzhou, 324000, P.R. China
| | - Junqi Gao
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P.R. China.
- Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou, Quzhou, 324000, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Han
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P.R. China.
- Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou, Quzhou, 324000, P.R. China
| | - Zechun Lian
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P.R. China.
| | - Jiamin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P.R. China.
| | - Wen-Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P.R. China.
- Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou, Quzhou, 324000, P.R. China
| | - Xuan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P.R. China.
- Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou, Quzhou, 324000, P.R. China
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6
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Sellman FA, Benselfelt T, Larsson PT, Wågberg L. Hornification of cellulose-rich materials - A kinetically trapped state. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 318:121132. [PMID: 37479442 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
The fundamental understanding concerning cellulose-cellulose interactions under wet and dry conditions remains unclear. This is especially true regarding the drying-induced association of cellulose, commonly described as an irreversible phenomenon called hornification. A fundamental understanding of the mechanisms behind hornification would contribute to new drying techniques for cellulose-based materials in the pulp and paper industry while at the same time enhancing material properties and facilitating the recyclability of cellulose-rich materials. In the present work, the irreversible joining of cellulose-rich surfaces has been studied by subjecting cellulose nanofibril (CNF) films to different heat treatments to establish a link between reswelling properties, structural characteristics as well as chemical and mechanical analyses. A heating time/temperature dependence was observed for the reswelling of the CNF films, which is related to the extent of hornification and is different for different chemical compositions of the fibrils. Further, the results indicate that hornification is related to a diffusion process and that the reswellability increases very slowly over long time, indicating that equilibrium is not reached. Hence, hornification is suggested to be a kinetically limited phenomenon governed by non-covalent reversible interactions and a time/temperature dependence on their forming and breaking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhiya Alex Sellman
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Fiber and Polymer Technology, 11428 Stockholm, Sweden; KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Fiber and Polymer Technology, Wallenberg Wood Science Center (WWSC), 11428 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Tobias Benselfelt
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Fiber and Polymer Technology, 11428 Stockholm, Sweden; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798 Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Per Tomas Larsson
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Fiber and Polymer Technology, 11428 Stockholm, Sweden; KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Fiber and Polymer Technology, Wallenberg Wood Science Center (WWSC), 11428 Stockholm, Sweden; RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, 11486 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Wågberg
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Fiber and Polymer Technology, 11428 Stockholm, Sweden; KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Fiber and Polymer Technology, Wallenberg Wood Science Center (WWSC), 11428 Stockholm, Sweden.
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7
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Chen C, Zhou T, Wan Z, Xu Z, Jin Y, Li D, Rojas OJ. Insulative Biobased Glaze from Wood Laminates Obtained by Self-Adhesion. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2301472. [PMID: 37218011 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202301472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The combination of optical transparency and mechanical strength is a highly desirable attribute of wood-based glazing materials. However, such properties are typically obtained by impregnation of the highly anisotropic wood with index-matching fossil-based polymers. In addition, the presence of hydrophilic cellulose leads to a limited water resistance. Herein, this work reports on an adhesive-free lamination that uses oxidation and densification to produce transparent all-biobased glazes. The latter are produced from multilayered structures, free of adhesives or filling polymers, simultaneously displaying high optical clarity and mechanical strength, in both dry and wet conditions. Specifically, high values of optical transmittance (≈85.4%), clarity (≈20% with low haze) at a thickness of ≈0.3 mm, and highly isotropic mechanical strength and water resistance (wet strength of ≈128.25 MPa) are obtained for insulative glazes exhibiting low thermal conductivity (0.27 W m-1 K-1 , almost four times lower than glass). The proposed strategy results in materials that are systematically tested, with the leading effects of self-adhesion induced by oxidation rationalized by ab initio molecular dynamics simulation. Overall, this work demonstrates wood-derived materials as promising solutions for energy-efficient and sustainable glazing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuchu Chen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, P. R. China
- College of Light Industry and Food, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, P. R. China
| | - Tong Zhou
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, P. R. China
| | - Zhangmin Wan
- Bioproducts Institute, Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Department of Chemistry and Department of Wood Science, The University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Zhaoyang Xu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, P. R. China
| | - Yongcan Jin
- College of Light Industry and Food, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, P. R. China
| | - Dagang Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, P. R. China
| | - Orlando J Rojas
- Bioproducts Institute, Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Department of Chemistry and Department of Wood Science, The University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z3, Canada
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8
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Zhang Y, Deng W, Wu M, Rahmaninia M, Xu C, Li B. Tailoring Functionality of Nanocellulose: Current Status and Critical Challenges. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:nano13091489. [PMID: 37177034 PMCID: PMC10179792 DOI: 10.3390/nano13091489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Nanocellulose (NC) isolated from natural cellulose resources, which mainly includes cellulose nanofibril (CNF) and cellulose nanocrystal (CNC), has garnered increased attention in recent decades due to its outstanding physical and chemical properties. Various chemical modifications have been developed with the aim of surface-modifying NC for highly sophisticated applications. This review comprehensively summarizes the chemical modifications applied to NC so far in order to introduce new functionalities to the material, such as silanization, esterification, oxidation, etherification, grafting, coating, and others. The new functionalities obtained through such surface-modification methods include hydrophobicity, conductivity, antibacterial properties, and absorbability. In addition, the incorporation of NC in some functional materials, such as films, wearable sensors, cellulose nanospheres, aerogel, hydrogels, and nanocomposites, is discussed in relation to the tailoring of the functionality of NC. It should be pointed out that some issues need to be addressed during the preparation of NC and NC-based materials, such as the low reactivity of these raw materials, the difficulties involved in their scale-up, and their high energy and water consumption. Over the past decades, some methods have been developed, such as the use of pretreatment methods, the adaptation of low-cost starting raw materials, and the use of environmentally friendly chemicals, which support the practical application of NC and NC-based materials. Overall, it is believed that as a green, sustainable, and renewable nanomaterial, NC is will be suitable for large-scale applications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yidong Zhang
- Laboratory of Natural Materials Technology, Åbo Akademi University, Henrikinkatu 2, FI-20500 Turku, Finland
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Wangfang Deng
- Laboratory of Natural Materials Technology, Åbo Akademi University, Henrikinkatu 2, FI-20500 Turku, Finland
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Meiyan Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Mehdi Rahmaninia
- Wood and Paper Science and Technology Department, Faculty of Natural Resources, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor 46417-76489, Iran
| | - Chunlin Xu
- Laboratory of Natural Materials Technology, Åbo Akademi University, Henrikinkatu 2, FI-20500 Turku, Finland
| | - Bin Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
- Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao 266101, China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao 266101, China
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9
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Sirviö JA, Mikola M, Ahola J, Heiskanen JP, Filonenko S, Ämmälä A. Highly effective fractionation chemistry to overcome the recalcitrance of softwood lignocellulose. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 312:120815. [PMID: 37059543 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.120815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
The efficient fractionation and thus production of individual biomass components are pivotal processes in the biorefinery concept. However, the recalcitrant nature of lignocellulose biomass, especially in the case of softwood, is one of the main obstacles to the wider application of biomass-based chemicals and materials. In this study, the use of aqueous acidic systems in the presence of thiourea was studied for the fractionation of softwood in mild conditions. Despite relatively low temperature (100 °C) and treatment times (30-90 min), notable high lignin removal efficiency (approximately 90 %) was obtained. Chemical characterization and the isolation of minor fraction of cationic, water-soluble lignin indicated that the fractionation proceed via nucleophilic addition of thiourea to lignin, resulting in dissolution of lignin in acidic water in relatively mild conditions. Besides high fractionation efficiency, both fiber and lignin fractions were obtained with bright color, significantly elevating their usability in material applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juho Antti Sirviö
- Fibre and Particle Engineering Research Unit, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 4300, 90014 Oulu, Finland.
| | - Marja Mikola
- Chemical Process Engineering Research Unit, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 4300, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Juha Ahola
- Chemical Process Engineering Research Unit, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 4300, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Juha P Heiskanen
- Research Unit of Sustainable Chemistry, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 4300, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
| | | | - Ari Ämmälä
- Fibre and Particle Engineering Research Unit, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 4300, 90014 Oulu, Finland
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10
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Zhao J, Ren Y, Xie Y, Wang H, Wang T, Tang W, Jin Z, Ling Z, Yong Q. Allomorphic regulation of bamboo cellulose by mild alkaline peroxide for holocellulose nanofibrils production. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 223:49-56. [PMID: 36349657 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.10.246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The exploration of sustainable lignocellulosic nanomaterials with unique properties and applicable functions is receiving growing interest. In this work, holocellulose nanofibrils (HCNFs) were prepared from moso bamboo using mild alkaline peroxide bleaching method (MAPB) followed by mechanical nanofibrillation. MAPB was proved to effectively remove lignin and retain hemicellulose. Meanwhile, partial allomorphic changes from cellulose I to cellulose II were revealed together with varying degrees of crystallinity. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) experiment showed an increasing thermal stability trend due to more allomorphic changes into anti-parallel cellulose II. Well-dispersed HCNFs suspensions were successfully prepared by homogenization and HCNFs films with high transparency and flexibility were fabricated. The films reached the maximum tensile strength of 55.8 MPa and tensile strain of 1.55 % along with a calculated toughness of 25 MJ/m3. Moreover, the prepared materials are biocompatible and completely non-toxic, which will theoretically support the application of HCNFs materials in fields of biology, medicine and food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyi Zhao
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yuxuan Ren
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Ying Xie
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Hanhua Wang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Wei Tang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Zhi Jin
- Research Institute of Wood Industry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China.
| | - Zhe Ling
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Qiang Yong
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
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11
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Han X, Wang J, Wang J, Ding L, Zhang K, Han J, Jiang S. Micro- and nano-fibrils of manau rattan and solvent-exchange-induced high-haze transparent holocellulose nanofibril film. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 298:120075. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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12
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Jiang Y, Zhang M, Weng M, Liu X, Rong X, Huang Q, Chen G, Wang S, Wang L. Hemicellulose-rich transparent wood: Microstructure and macroscopic properties. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 296:119925. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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13
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Zhou J, Fang Z, Chen K, Cui J, Yang D, Qiu X. Improving the degree of polymerization of cellulose nanofibers by largely preserving native structure of wood fibers. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 296:119919. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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14
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Lignocellulosic nanomaterials production from wheat straw via peracetic acid pretreatment and their application in plastic composites. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 295:119857. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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15
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Wang T, Jung J, Zhao Y. Isolation, characterization, and applications of holocellulose nanofibers from apple and rhubarb pomace using eco-friendly approach. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2022.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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16
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Holocellulosic fibers and nanofibrils using peracetic acid pulping and sulfamic acid esterification. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 295:119902. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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17
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Jung R, Karabín M, Jelínek L, Dostálek P. Balance of volatile phenols originating from wood- and peat-smoked malt during the brewing process. Eur Food Res Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-022-04130-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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18
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Spies PA, Keplinger T, Horbelt N, Reppe F, Scoppola E, Eder M, Fratzl P, Burgert I, Rüggeberg M. Cellulose lattice strains and stress transfer in native and delignified wood. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 296:119922. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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19
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High strength holocellulose paper from bamboo as biodegradable packaging tape. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 283:119151. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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20
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Das R, Lindström T, Sharma PR, Chi K, Hsiao BS. Nanocellulose for Sustainable Water Purification. Chem Rev 2022; 122:8936-9031. [PMID: 35330990 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nanocelluloses (NC) are nature-based sustainable biomaterials, which not only possess cellulosic properties but also have the important hallmarks of nanomaterials, such as large surface area, versatile reactive sites or functionalities, and scaffolding stability to host inorganic nanoparticles. This class of nanomaterials offers new opportunities for a broad spectrum of applications for clean water production that were once thought impractical. This Review covers substantial discussions based on evaluative judgments of the recent literature and technical advancements in the fields of coagulation/flocculation, adsorption, photocatalysis, and membrane filtration for water decontamination through proper understanding of fundamental knowledge of NC, such as purity, crystallinity, surface chemistry and charge, suspension rheology, morphology, mechanical properties, and film stability. To supplement these, discussions on low-cost and scalable NC extraction, new characterizations including solution small-angle X-ray scattering evaluation, and structure-property relationships of NC are also reviewed. Identifying knowledge gaps and drawing perspectives could generate guidance to overcome uncertainties associated with the adaptation of NC-enabled water purification technologies. Furthermore, the topics of simultaneous removal of multipollutants disposal and proper handling of post/spent NC are discussed. We believe NC-enabled remediation nanomaterials can be integrated into a broad range of water treatments, greatly improving the cost-effectiveness and sustainability of water purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasel Das
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, United States
| | - Tom Lindström
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, United States.,KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm 100 44, Sweden
| | - Priyanka R Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, United States
| | - Kai Chi
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, United States
| | - Benjamin S Hsiao
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, United States
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21
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Heinonen E, Henriksson G, Lindström ME, Vilaplana F, Wohlert J. Xylan adsorption on cellulose: Preferred alignment and local surface immobilizing effect. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 285:119221. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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22
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Mechanical properties of cellulose nanofibril papers and their bionanocomposites: A review. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 273:118507. [PMID: 34560938 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cellulose nanofibril (CNF) paper has various applications due to its unique advantages. Herein, we present the intrinsic mechanical properties of CNF papers, along with the preparation and properties of nanoparticle-reinforced CNF composite papers. The literature on CNF papers reveals a strong correlation between the intrafibrillar network structure and the resulting mechanical properties. This correlation is found to hold for all primary factors affecting mechanical properties, indicating that the performance of CNF materials depends directly on and can be tailored by controlling the intrafibrillar network of the system. The parameters that influence the mechanical properties of CNF papers were critically reviewed. Moreover, the effect on the mechanical properties by adding nanofillers to CNF papers to produce multifunctional composite products was discussed. We concluded this article with future perspectives and possible developments in CNFs and their bionanocomposite papers.
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23
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Wan X, He Q, Wang X, Liu M, Lin S, Shi R, Tian J, Chen G. Water-soluble chitosan-based indicator label membrane and its response behavior to carbon dioxide. Food Control 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.108355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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24
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Sustainable Development of Hot-Pressed All-Lignocellulose Composites-Comparing Wood Fibers and Nanofibers. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13162747. [PMID: 34451285 PMCID: PMC8399967 DOI: 10.3390/polym13162747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-porosity materials based on hot-pressed wood fibers or nanocellulose fibrils (no polymer matrix) represent a new concept for eco-friendly materials with interesting mechanical properties. For the replacement of fossil-based materials, physical properties of wood fiber materials need to be improved. In addition, the carbon footprint and cumulative energy required to produce the material also needs to be reduced compared with fossil-based composites, e.g., glass fiber composites. Lignin-containing fibers and nanofibers are of high yield and special interest for development of more sustainable materials technologies. The present mini-review provides a short analysis of the potential. Different extraction routes of lignin-containing wood fibers are discussed, different processing methods, and the properties of resulting fiber materials. Comparisons are made with analogous lignin-containing nanofiber materials, where mechanical properties and eco-indicators are emphasized. Higher lignin content may promote eco-friendly attributes and improve interfiber or interfibril bonding in fiber materials, for improved mechanical performance.
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25
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Keplinger T, Wittel FK, Rüggeberg M, Burgert I. Wood Derived Cellulose Scaffolds-Processing and Mechanics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2001375. [PMID: 32797688 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202001375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Wood-derived cellulose materials obtained by structure-retaining delignification are attracting increasing attention due to their excellent mechanical properties and great potential to serve as renewable and CO2 storing cellulose scaffolds for advanced hybrid materials with embedded functionality. Various delignification protocols and a multitude of further processing steps including polymer impregnation and densification are applied resulting in a large range of properties. However, treatment optimization requires a more comprehensive characterization of the developed materials in terms of structure, chemical composition, and mechanical properties for faster progress in the field. Herein, the current protocols for structure-retaining delignification are reviewed and the emphasis is placed on the mechanical characterization at different hierarchical levels of the cellulose scaffolds by experiments and modeling to reveal the underlying structure-property relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Keplinger
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Building Materials, Stefano-Franscini-Platz 3, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland
- Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Material Testing and Research, Cellulose & Wood Materials Laboratory, Dübendorf, 8600, Switzerland
| | - Falk K Wittel
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Building Materials, Stefano-Franscini-Platz 3, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Markus Rüggeberg
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Building Materials, Stefano-Franscini-Platz 3, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland
- Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Material Testing and Research, Cellulose & Wood Materials Laboratory, Dübendorf, 8600, Switzerland
| | - Ingo Burgert
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Building Materials, Stefano-Franscini-Platz 3, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland
- Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Material Testing and Research, Cellulose & Wood Materials Laboratory, Dübendorf, 8600, Switzerland
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26
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Yang X, Berglund LA. Structural and Ecofriendly Holocellulose Materials from Wood: Microscale Fibers and Nanoscale Fibrils. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2001118. [PMID: 32573855 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202001118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Mildly delignified wood holocellulose fibers show well-preserved cellulose nanofibril (CNF) structure in the fiber cell wall. Fibers, paper, biocomposites, and compression-molded fiber materials demonstrate excellent mechanical properties. Here, wood holocellulose fibers and corresponding CNFs are discussed with respect to nanostructure, mechanical performance, and advanced materials potential. Functionalization routes are discussed, as well as materials selection, nanoscience of recycling, and the embodied energy in cellulosic candidates for multifunctional structural materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Yang
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, SE-10044, Sweden
| | - Lars A Berglund
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, SE-10044, Sweden
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27
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Ray U, Zhu S, Pang Z, Li T. Mechanics Design in Cellulose-Enabled High-Performance Functional Materials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2002504. [PMID: 32794349 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202002504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The abundance of cellulose found in natural resources such as wood, and the wide spectrum of structural diversity of cellulose nanomaterials in the form of micro-nano-sized particles and fibers, have sparked a tremendous interest to utilize cellulose's intriguing mechanical properties in designing high-performance functional materials, where cellulose's structure-mechanics relationships are pivotal. In this progress report, multiscale mechanics understanding of cellulose, including the key role of hydrogen bonding, the dependence of structural interfaces on the spatial hydrogen bond density, the effect of nanofiber size and orientation on the fracture toughness, are discussed along with recent development on enabling experimental design techniques such as structural alteration, manipulation of anisotropy, interface and topology engineering. Progress in these fronts renders cellulose a prospect of being effectuated in an array of emerging sustainable applications and being fabricated into high-performance structural materials that are both strong and tough.
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Affiliation(s)
- Upamanyu Ray
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Shuze Zhu
- Center for X-Mechanics, Key Laboratory of Soft Machines and Smart Devices of Zhejiang Province, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Zhenqian Pang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Teng Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
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28
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Yang X, Jungstedt E, Reid MS, Berglund LA. Polymer Films from Cellulose Nanofibrils—Effects from Interfibrillar Interphase on Mechanical Behavior. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P.R. China
- Institute of Zhejiang University—Quzhou, Quzhou 324000, P.R. China
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm SE-10044, Sweden
- Department of Fiber and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm SE-10044, Sweden
| | - Erik Jungstedt
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm SE-10044, Sweden
- Department of Fiber and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm SE-10044, Sweden
| | - Michael S. Reid
- Department of Fiber and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm SE-10044, Sweden
| | - Lars A. Berglund
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm SE-10044, Sweden
- Department of Fiber and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm SE-10044, Sweden
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29
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Chang H, Yao S, Kang X, Zhang X, Ma N, Zhang M, Li X, Zhang Z. Flexible, Transparent, and Hazy Cellulose Nanopaper with Efficient Near-Infrared Luminescence Fabricated by 2D Lanthanide (Ln = Nd, Yb, or Er) Metal–Organic-Framework-Grafted Oxidized Cellulose Nanofibrils. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:16611-16621. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c02518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Chang
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, P. R. China
| | - Shuangquan Yao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, P. R. China
| | - Xiena Kang
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, P. R. China
| | - Xiya Zhang
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, P. R. China
| | - Ningning Ma
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, P. R. China
| | - Meiyun Zhang
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, P. R. China
| | - Xinping Li
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, P. R. China
| | - Zhao Zhang
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, P. R. China
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30
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Yang X, Reid MS, Olsén P, Berglund LA. Eco-Friendly Cellulose Nanofibrils Designed by Nature: Effects from Preserving Native State. ACS NANO 2020; 14:724-735. [PMID: 31886646 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b07659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) show high modulus and strength and are already used in industrial applications. Mechanical properties of neat CNF films or CNF-polymer matrix nanocomposites are usually much better than for polymer matrix composite films reinforced by clay, graphene, graphene oxide, or carbon nanotubes. In order to obtain small CNF diameter and colloidal stability, chemical modification has so far been necessary, but this increases cost and reduces eco-friendly attributes. In this study, an unmodified holocellulose CNF (Holo-CNF) with small diameter is obtained from mildly peracetic acid delignified wood fibers. CNF is readily defibrillated by low-energy kitchen blender processing. The hemicellulose coating on individual fibrils in the wood plant cell wall is largely preserved in Holo-CNF. This "native" CNF shows well-preserved native fibril structure in terms of length (∼2.1 μm), diameter (<5 nm), high crystallinity, high cellulose molar mass, electronegative charge, and limited mechanical processing damage. The hemicellulose coating contributes mechanical properties and high optical transmittance for CNF nanopaper, which can otherwise only be achieved with chemically modified CNFs. The CNF nanopaper shows superior mechanical properties with a Young's modulus of 21 GPa and an ultimate strength of 320 MPa. Moreover, hemicellulose imparts recyclability from the dried state. Altogether, this native CNF represents a class of colloidally stable, eco-friendly, low-cost CNF of small diameter for large-scale applications of nanopaper and nanomaterials.
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31
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Olsén P, Herrera N, Berglund LA. Toward Biocomposites Recycling: Localized Interphase Degradation in PCL-Cellulose Biocomposites and its Mitigation. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:1795-1801. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.9b01704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Olsén
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, WWSC, Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56-58, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Natalia Herrera
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, WWSC, Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56-58, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars A. Berglund
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, WWSC, Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56-58, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
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32
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Olsén P, Herrera N, Berglund LA. Polymer Grafting Inside Wood Cellulose Fibers by Improved Hydroxyl Accessibility from Fiber Swelling. Biomacromolecules 2019; 21:597-603. [PMID: 31769663 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.9b01333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Chemical modification of wood cellulose fibers is important for tailored wood-polymer interfaces, reduced moisture sorption, and novel grades of chemical wood pulp. The present study shows how the reaction solvent system influences hydroxyl accessibility during chemical fiber modification. Surface initiated ring-opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone from wood cellulose fibers was investigated in a wide range of solvent systems. The hydrogen bond donor strength of the solvent increased graft density and the amount of grafted polycaprolactone (PCL) on the fiber surface, and on nanoscale fibrils inside the fiber. Specifically, the reaction system with acetic acid as a new, green solvent for cellulose grafting increased graft density 24 times compared to bulk polymerization conditions. The results show relationships between solvent properties, hydroxyl accessibility, and grafting results in cellulosic plant fibers. The study clarifies the opportunities provided by controlling the interior of the cellulosic plant fiber cell wall during chemical modification so that the fiber becomes a swollen cellulose nanofibril gel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Olsén
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, WWSC, Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology , KTH Royal Institute of Technology , Teknikringen 56-58 , 100 44 Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Natalia Herrera
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, WWSC, Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology , KTH Royal Institute of Technology , Teknikringen 56-58 , 100 44 Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Lars A Berglund
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, WWSC, Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology , KTH Royal Institute of Technology , Teknikringen 56-58 , 100 44 Stockholm , Sweden
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33
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Grönquist P, Frey M, Keplinger T, Burgert I. Mesoporosity of Delignified Wood Investigated by Water Vapor Sorption. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:12425-12431. [PMID: 31460361 PMCID: PMC6682004 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b00862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Wood represents a highly suitable biobased scaffold for the development of mechanically robust and functional materials. Its functionalizability can be enhanced by means of delignification, resulting in an increase in porosity due to partial or complete removal of lignin and hemicellulose constituents. In this work, the impact of partial and complete delignification on the mesoporous structure is investigated via water vapor sorption isotherms and deuterium exchange. Pore size distributions of wood samples with five different delignification levels were compared to native wood. The derived pore size distributions at the water swollen state reveal an increase in porosity with decreasing lignin content. However, after complete lignin removal, drying causes a nonreversible collapse of the cell wall, which results in reduced porosity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Grönquist
- Laboratory
for Cellulose & Wood Materials, Empa, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Wood
Materials Science, ETH Zurich, Stefano-Franscini-Platz 3, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Marion Frey
- Laboratory
for Cellulose & Wood Materials, Empa, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Wood
Materials Science, ETH Zurich, Stefano-Franscini-Platz 3, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Keplinger
- Laboratory
for Cellulose & Wood Materials, Empa, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Wood
Materials Science, ETH Zurich, Stefano-Franscini-Platz 3, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ingo Burgert
- Laboratory
for Cellulose & Wood Materials, Empa, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Wood
Materials Science, ETH Zurich, Stefano-Franscini-Platz 3, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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34
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Niu X, Liu Y, King AWT, Hietala S, Pan H, Rojas OJ. Plasticized Cellulosic Films by Partial Esterification and Welding in Low-Concentration Ionic Liquid Electrolyte. Biomacromolecules 2019; 20:2105-2114. [PMID: 30983326 PMCID: PMC6550441 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.9b00325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Alternatives
to petroleum-based plastics are of great significance
not only from the point of view of their scientific and practical
impact but to reduce the environmental footprint. Inspired by the
composition and structure of wood’s cell walls, we used phenolic
acids to endow cellulosic fibers with new properties. The fiber dissolution
and homogeneous modification were performed with a recyclable ionic
liquid (IL) (tetrabutylammonium acetate ([N4444][OAc]):dimethyl
sulfoxide) to attain different levels of reaction activity for three
phenolic acids (p-hydroxybenzoic acid, vanillic acid,
and syringic acid). The successful autocatalytic Fischer esterification
reaction was thoroughly investigated by Fourier transform infrared
spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, elemental analysis,
and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (13C CP-MAS,
diffusion-edited 1H NMR and multiplicity-edited heteronuclear
single quantum coherence). Control of the properties of cellulose
in the dispersed state, welding, and IL plasticization were achieved
during casting and recrystallization to the cellulose II crystalline
allomorph. Films of cellulose carrying grafted acids were characterized
with respect to properties relevant to packaging materials. Most notably,
despite the low degree of esterification (DS < 0.25), the films
displayed a remarkable strength (3.5 GPa), flexibility (strains up
to 35%), optical transparency (>90%), and water resistance (WCA
∼
90°). Moreover, the measured water vapor barrier was found to
be similar to that of poly(lactic acid) composite films. Overall,
the results contribute to the development of the next-generation green,
renewable, and biodegradable films for packaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Niu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering , Nanjing Forestry University , 159# Longpan Road , Nanjing 210037 , P. R. China.,Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering , Aalto University , PO Box 16300, FIN-00076 Aalto , Espoo , Finland
| | - Yating Liu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering , Nanjing Forestry University , 159# Longpan Road , Nanjing 210037 , P. R. China
| | - Alistair W T King
- Materials Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , University of Helsinki , A.I. Virtasen aukio 1 , PO Box 55, FIN-00014 , Finland
| | - Sami Hietala
- Materials Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , University of Helsinki , A.I. Virtasen aukio 1 , PO Box 55, FIN-00014 , Finland
| | - Hui Pan
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering , Nanjing Forestry University , 159# Longpan Road , Nanjing 210037 , P. R. China
| | - Orlando J Rojas
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering , Aalto University , PO Box 16300, FIN-00076 Aalto , Espoo , Finland
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35
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Yang X, Berthold F, Berglund LA. High-Density Molded Cellulose Fibers and Transparent Biocomposites Based on Oriented Holocellulose. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:10310-10319. [PMID: 30762342 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b22134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Ecofriendly materials based on well-preserved and nanostructured wood cellulose fibers are investigated for the purpose of load-bearing applications, where optical transmittance may be advantageous. Wood fibers are subjected to mild delignification, flow orientation, and hot-pressing to form an oriented material of low porosity. The biopolymer composition of the fibers is determined. Their morphology is studied by scanning electron microscopy, cellulose orientation is quantified by X-ray diffraction, and the effect of beating is investigated. Hot-pressed networks are impregnated by a methyl methacrylate monomer and polymerized to form thermoplastic wood fiber/poly(methyl methacrylate) biocomposites. Tensile tests are performed, as well as optical transmittance measurements. Structure-property relationships are discussed. High-density molded fibers from holocellulose have mechanical properties comparable with nanocellulose materials and are recyclable. The thermoplastic matrix biocomposites showed superior mechanical properties (Young's modulus of 20 GPa and ultimate strength of 310 MPa) at a fiber volume fraction of 52%, with high optical transmittance of 90%. The study presents a scalable approach for strong, stiff, and transparent molded fibers/biocomposites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Yang
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Department of Fiber and Polymer Technology , KTH Royal Institute of Technology , SE-10044 Stockholm , Sweden
| | | | - Lars A Berglund
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Department of Fiber and Polymer Technology , KTH Royal Institute of Technology , SE-10044 Stockholm , Sweden
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36
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Mishra S, Kharkar PS, Pethe AM. Biomass and waste materials as potential sources of nanocrystalline cellulose: Comparative review of preparation methods (2016 - Till date). Carbohydr Polym 2018; 207:418-427. [PMID: 30600024 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) has gained much popularity over the last decade as a preferred nanomaterial in varied applications, despite its laborious industrial production and higher cost. Its production methods have undergone a great deal of metamorphosis lately. The main emphasis has been on the environment-friendly and green processes, in addition to the sustainable and renewable feedstock. Globally, the researchers have explored biomass and waste cellulosic materials as renewable sources for NCC extraction. Newer and/or improved process alternatives, e.g., ultrasonication, enzymatic hydrolysis and mechanical treatments have been applied successfully for producing high-quality material. Detailed investigations on optimizing the overall yield from cheaper feedstock have yielded obvious benefits. This is still work in progress. The present review majorly focuses on the advances made in the NCC preparation field from biomass and waste cellulosic materials in last three years (2016 - till date). Collaborative efforts between chemical engineers and research scientists are crucial for the success of this really amazing nanomaterial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Mishra
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS (Deemed to be University), Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, 400 056, India
| | - Prashant S Kharkar
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS (Deemed to be University), Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, 400 056, India
| | - Anil M Pethe
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS (Deemed to be University), Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, 400 056, India.
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