1
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Sheng C, Ding Y, Guo M. Compartmentalization into Outer and Inner Shells of Hollow Nanospheres for Antibiosis Based on Chemistry and Physical Damages. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2400851. [PMID: 38502895 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202400851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
There is a substantially ascending demand for nonantibiotic strategies to overcome the resistance of bacterial infections. Here, the discovery of a distinctive antibacterial structure is reported. The novel structure of nanoparticle strategy is proposed for appreciable bacteria killing by the smart design of the delayed addition of crosslinkers into the reaction mixture. [2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]trimethylammonium chloride solution (MTCl), a water-soluble ionic liquid (IL), has narrow-size material distribution, good whiteness, and high weather resistance. The quaternary ammonium salt is utilized to efficiently permeate cell membranes through electrostatic interaction, accordingly, boasting a beneficiary of antibacterial properties. More importantly, it allows bacteria to attach the nanomaterials easily, especially the double-shelled nanosphere. In light of the introduction of 9-amino(9-deoxy)ep-quinine (QNNH2) on its inner shell, it blocks the nucleic acid and glucose metabolism in bacteria, which is betterment of the antibacterial activity of double-shelled structure nanoparticle compared to other structure of nanomaterials. This physical/chemical/biological triple antibacterial process eliminates the need for traditional antibiotics, and the fabrication strategies and material properties described here provide insights into the design of antibacterial nanomaterials based on chemical and physical effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengju Sheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, P. R. China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash Institute of Medical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Yanjun Ding
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, P. R. China
| | - Mingming Guo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, P. R. China
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2
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Lin B, Luo Y, Xie D, Ren Y, Zhao P, Yue J. pH-Responsive Charge Convertible Hyperbranched Poly(ionic liquid) Nanoassembly with High Biocompatibility for Resistance-Free Antimicrobial Applications. NANO LETTERS 2024. [PMID: 38836517 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c01608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
As a potential alternative to antibiotics, hyperbranched poly(ionic liquid)s (HPILs) have demonstrated significant potential in combating bacterial biofilms. However, their high cation density poses a high risk of toxicity, greatly limiting their in vivo applications. In this study, we constructed a biocompatible HPIL (HPIL-Glu) from a hyperbranched polyurea core with modified terminals featuring charge-convertible ionic liquids. These ionic liquid moieties consist of an ammonium-based cation and a gluconate (Glu) organic counter. HPIL-Glu could form a homogeneous nanoassembly in water and exhibited a pH-responsive charge conversion property. Under neutral conditions, Glu shielded the positively charged surface, minimizing the toxicity. In a mildly acidic environment, Glu protonation exposes cationic moieties to biofilm eradication. Comprehensive antimicrobial assessments demonstrate that HPIL-Glu effectively kills bacteria and promotes the healing of bacteria-infected chronic wounds. Furthermore, prolonged exposure to HPIL-Glu does not induce antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingyan Lin
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Luo
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, People's Republic of China
| | - Donglin Xie
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, People's Republic of China
| | - Yijin Ren
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Pei Zhao
- Laboratory Animal Center, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Yue
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, People's Republic of China
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3
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Zhou C, Sun M, Wang D, Yang M, Loh JLC, Xu Y, Zhang R. In Vitro Antibacterial and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Imidazolium Poly(ionic liquids) Microspheres Loaded in GelMA-PEG Hydrogels. Gels 2024; 10:278. [PMID: 38667697 PMCID: PMC11048874 DOI: 10.3390/gels10040278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Repairing damaged tissue caused by bacterial infection poses a significant challenge. Traditional antibacterial hydrogels typically incorporate various components such as metal antimicrobials, inorganic antimicrobials, organic antimicrobials, and more. However, drawbacks such as the emergence of multi-drug resistance to antibiotics, the low antibacterial efficacy of natural agents, and the potential cytotoxicity associated with metal antibacterial nanoparticles in hydrogels hindered their broader clinical application. In this study, we successfully developed imidazolium poly(ionic liquids) (PILs) polymer microspheres (APMs) through emulsion polymerization. These APMs exhibited notable antibacterial effectiveness and demonstrated minimal cell toxicity. Subsequently, we integrated the APMs into a gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA)-polyethylene glycol (PEG) hydrogel. This composite hydrogel not only showcased strong antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties but also facilitated the migration of human skin fibroblasts (HSF) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and promoted osteogenic differentiation in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhou
- School of Medical and Health Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China; (C.Z.); (M.S.); (D.W.)
| | - Mengdi Sun
- School of Medical and Health Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China; (C.Z.); (M.S.); (D.W.)
| | - Danni Wang
- School of Medical and Health Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China; (C.Z.); (M.S.); (D.W.)
| | - Mingmei Yang
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou 213000, China;
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Changzhou Children’s Hospital of Nantong University, Changzhou 213000, China
| | | | - Yawen Xu
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou 213000, China;
| | - Ruzhi Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou 213000, China;
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4
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Hossain MI, Shams AB, Das Gupta S, Blanchard GJ, Mobasheri A, Hoque Apu E. The Potential Role of Ionic Liquid as a Multifunctional Dental Biomaterial. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3093. [PMID: 38002093 PMCID: PMC10669305 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11113093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In craniofacial research and routine dental clinical procedures, multifunctional materials with antimicrobial properties are in constant demand. Ionic liquids (ILs) are one such multifunctional intelligent material. Over the last three decades, ILs have been explored for different biomedical applications due to their unique physical and chemical properties, high task specificity, and sustainability. Their stable physical and chemical characteristics and extremely low vapor pressure make them suitable for various applications. Their unique properties, such as density, viscosity, and hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity, may provide higher performance as a potential dental material. ILs have functionalities for optimizing dental implants, infiltrate materials, oral hygiene maintenance products, and restorative materials. They also serve as sensors for dental chairside usage to detect oral cancer, periodontal lesions, breath-based sobriety, and dental hard tissue defects. With further optimization, ILs might also make vital contributions to craniofacial regeneration, oral hygiene maintenance, oral disease prevention, and antimicrobial materials. This review explores the different advantages and properties of ILs as possible dental material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Iqbal Hossain
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (M.I.H.); (G.J.B.)
| | - Abdullah Bin Shams
- The Edward S. Rogers Sr. Department of Electrical Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G4, Canada;
| | - Shuvashis Das Gupta
- Research Unit of Health Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, 90220 Oulu, Finland; (S.D.G.); (A.M.)
| | - Gary J. Blanchard
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (M.I.H.); (G.J.B.)
| | - Ali Mobasheri
- Research Unit of Health Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, 90220 Oulu, Finland; (S.D.G.); (A.M.)
- Division of Public Health, Epidemiology and Health Economics, WHO Collaborating Center for Public Health Aspects of Musculo-Skeletal Health and Ageing, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
- State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, 08410 Vilnius, Lithuania
- Department of Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Ehsanul Hoque Apu
- Research Unit of Health Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, 90220 Oulu, Finland; (S.D.G.); (A.M.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, Lincoln Memorial University, Knoxville, TN 37923, USA
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Centre for International Public Health and Environmental Research, Bangladesh (CIPHER,B), Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
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5
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Lv J, Wang S, Qi C, Li M, Sun Y, Yang Y, Zeng C, Shen R, Ma H. A fluorescent quaternary phosphonium main-chain-type polymer: an opportunity to fabricate functional materials with excellent antibacterial activity and bacterial imaging capability. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:9237-9245. [PMID: 37702147 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb01240a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
The large-scale transmission and infection of pathogens worldwide have encouraged scientists to develop new antibacterial agents that do not succumb to bacterial resistance, which is not only of significant research interest but also challenging. In this work, we fabricated two main-chain (MC)-type cationic polymers (TPE-ammonium polymer and TPE-phosphonium polymer) through a one-step 100% atomic economic reaction. The two polymers demonstrated very promising antibacterial activity and their minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values are lower than that of most previously reported antibacterial agents. Especially, the phosphonium-doped MC polymer exhibited very small MICs of 0.24 and 0.98 μg mL-1 against S. aureus and E. coli, respectively. This excellent antibacterial performance by the TPE-phosphonium polymer is attributed to the advantages of the MC-type polymer such as its large molecular weight (Mn = 103 011) and stronger polarization effect from the P atom. More impressively, depending on the typical aggregation-induced emission (AIE) property and excellent antibacterial behaviors, the TPE-phosphonium polymer was successfully used for bacterial imaging and real-time monitoring of bacterial viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Lv
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, P. R. China.
| | - Saicuo Wang
- China Agricultural Vet. Bio. Science and Technology Co., Ltd, Lanzhou 730046, P. R. China
| | - Chunxuan Qi
- AIE Research Centre, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, Baoji 721013, P. R. China
| | - Muheman Li
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, P. R. China.
| | - Yuqing Sun
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, P. R. China.
| | - Yuan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, P. R. China.
| | - Cheng Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, P. R. China.
| | - Richao Shen
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, P. R. China.
| | - Hengchang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, P. R. China.
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6
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Zhang Z, Zhang Q, Gao S, Xu H, Guo J, Yan F. Antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and wet-adhesive poly(ionic liquid)-based oral patch for the treatment of oral ulcers with bacterial infection. Acta Biomater 2023; 166:254-265. [PMID: 37187300 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Oral aphthous ulcers are a common inflammatory efflorescence of oral mucosa, presenting as inflammation and oral mucosal damage and manifesting as pain. The moist and highly dynamic environment of the oral cavity makes the local treatment of oral aphthous ulcers challenging. Herein, a poly(ionic liquid)-based diclofenac sodium (DS)-loaded (PIL-DS) buccal tissue adhesive patch fabricated with intrinsically antimicrobial, highly wet environment adhesive properties and anti-inflammatory activities to treat oral aphthous ulcers was developed. The PIL-DS patch was prepared via polymerization of a catechol-containing ionic liquid, acrylic acid, and butyl acrylate, followed by anion exchange with DS-. The PIL-DS can adhere to wet tissues, including mucosa muscles and organs, and efficiently deliver the carried DS- at wound sites, exerting remarkable synergistic antimicrobial (bacteria and fungi) properties. Accordingly, the PIL-DS elicited dual therapeutic effects on oral aphthous ulcers with Staphylococcus aureus infection through antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities, significantly accelerating oral aphthous ulcer healing as an oral mucosa patch. The results indicated that the PIL-DS patch, with inherently antimicrobial and wet adhesion properties, is promising for treating oral aphthous ulcers in clinical practice. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Oral aphthous ulcers are a common oral mucosal disease, which could lead to bacterial infection and inflammation in severe cases, especially for people with large ulcers or low immunity. However, moist oral mucosa and highly dynamic oral environment make it challenging to maintain therapeutic agents and physical barriers at the wound surface. Therefore, an innovative drug carrier with wet adhesion is urgently needed. Herein, a poly(ionic liquid)-based diclofenac sodium (DS)-loaded (PIL-DS) buccal tissue adhesive patch was developed to treat oral aphthous ulcers showing intrinsically antimicrobial and highly wet environment adhesive properties due to the presence of catechol-containing ionic liquid monomer. Additionally, the PIL-DS showed significantly therapeutic effects on oral aphthous ulcers with S. aureus infection through antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities. We expect that our work can provide inspiration for the development of treatment for microbially infected oral ulcers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijun Zhang
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies College of Chemistry, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Soft Material and New Energy, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Qiuyang Zhang
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies College of Chemistry, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Soft Material and New Energy, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Shuna Gao
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies College of Chemistry, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Soft Material and New Energy, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies College of Chemistry, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Soft Material and New Energy, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jiangna Guo
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies College of Chemistry, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Soft Material and New Energy, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Feng Yan
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies College of Chemistry, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Soft Material and New Energy, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
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7
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Zhang Q, Zhang Z, Zou X, Liu Z, Li Q, Zhou J, Gao S, Xu H, Guo J, Yan F. Nitric oxide-releasing poly(ionic liquid)-based microneedle for subcutaneous fungal infection treatment. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:3114-3127. [PMID: 36917099 DOI: 10.1039/d2bm02096c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Poor permeation of therapeutic agents and similar eukaryotic cell metabolic and physiological properties of fungi and human cells are two major challenges that lead to the failure of current therapy for fungi-induced skin and soft tissue infections. Herein, a nitric oxide (NO)-releasing poly(ionic liquid)-based microneedle (PILMN-NO) with the capacity of deep persistent NO toward subcutaneous fungal bed is presented as a synergistic antifungal treatment strategy to treat subcutaneous fungal infection. Upon the insertion of PILMN-NO into skin, the contact fungicidal activities induced by electrostatic and hydrophobic effects of poly(ionic liquid) and the released NO sterilization resulting from the peroxidation and nitrification effect of NO achieved enhanced antifungal efficacy against fungi (Candida albicans) both in vitro and in vivo. Simultaneously, PILMN-NO showed biofilm ablation ability and efficiently eliminated mature biofilms. In vivo fungal-induced subcutaneous abscess studies revealed that PILMN-NO could effectively sterilize fungi while suppressing the inflammatory reaction, facilitating collagen deposition and angiogenesis, and promoting wound healing. This work provides a new strategy to overcome the difficulties in deep skin fungal infection treatment and has potential for further exploitation of NO-releasing microbicidal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyang Zhang
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies College of Chemistry, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Soft Material and New Energy, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
| | - Zijun Zhang
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies College of Chemistry, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Soft Material and New Energy, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
| | - Xiuyang Zou
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies College of Chemistry, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Soft Material and New Energy, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
| | - Ziyang Liu
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies College of Chemistry, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Soft Material and New Energy, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
| | - Qingning Li
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies College of Chemistry, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Soft Material and New Energy, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
| | - Jiamei Zhou
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies College of Chemistry, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Soft Material and New Energy, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
| | - Shuna Gao
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies College of Chemistry, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Soft Material and New Energy, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
| | - Hui Xu
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies College of Chemistry, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Soft Material and New Energy, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
| | - Jiangna Guo
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies College of Chemistry, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Soft Material and New Energy, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
| | - Feng Yan
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies College of Chemistry, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Soft Material and New Energy, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
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8
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Liu X, Zhang Z, Tomczak N, Yang C, Li C, Liu R, Yan B. A bioinspired silica nanocomposite for enhanced multidrug-resistant bacteria treatment and wash-free imaging. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2023; 5:1631-1635. [PMID: 36926559 PMCID: PMC10012876 DOI: 10.1039/d2na00951j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial infections have posed significant threats to public health due to the emergence of antibiotic resistance. In this work, a novel antibacterial composite nanomaterial based on spiky mesoporous silica spheres loaded with poly(ionic liquid)s and aggregation-induced emission luminogens (AIEgens) was designed for efficient multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria treatment and imaging. The nanocomposite exhibited excellent and long-term antibacterial activity towards both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Meanwhile, fluorescent AIEgens facilitate real-time bacterial imaging. Our study provides a multifunctional platform and a promising alternative to antibiotics for combating pathogenic MDR bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaokun Liu
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University Guangzhou 510006 China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory Zhuhai 519000 China
| | - Zhiying Zhang
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Nikodem Tomczak
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR) 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03 Singapore 138634 Republic of Singapore
| | - Cong Yang
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Chengjun Li
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Rongrong Liu
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Bing Yan
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University Guangzhou 510006 China
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9
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Druvari D, Kyriakopoulou F, Lainioti GC, Vlamis-Gardikas A, Kallitsis JK. Humidity-Responsive Antimicrobial Membranes Based on Cross-Linked Copolymers Functionalized with Ionic Liquid Moieties. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:11193-11207. [PMID: 36787100 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c01017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Humidity-responsive materials have attracted increasing attention for their potential use in various applications, e.g., sensors, soft robotics, and human-machine interfaces. Much effort has been focused on the use of ionic liquids for the construction of humidity-responsive sensors; yet, not enough attention has been paid on the susceptibility of the used poly(ionic liquid)s to microorganisms. This is especially relevant to the wide use of the polymers for biomedical applications, e.g., wearable body-condition sensors or healthcare control systems. We herein describe the development of dual functional, self-standing, monolayer antimicrobial membranes derived from cross-linked copolymers functionalized with ionic liquids. In a first step, random copolymers of poly(4-vinylbenzyl N-alkyl imidazolium chloride-co-acrylic acid), P(VBCImCn-co-AA20), were synthesized bearing aliphatic chains of different lengths (where n = 1, 4, 8, 12, 16 carbon atoms) to investigate the effect of hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity on the humidity-responsive properties of the copolymer and its antimicrobial activity. The aforementioned copolymers were later blended with the complementary reactive copolymers of poly(cetyl trimethylammonium 4-styrene sulfonate-co-glycidyl methacrylate), P(SSAmC16-co-GMA20), to provide highly stable films and coatings through thermal cross-linking. The membrane P(VBCImC12-co-AA20)/P(SSAmC16-co-GMA20) with a molar ratio of 3:1 (mol AA/mol GMA) exhibited immediate and high response to moisture through folding or flipping motions when placed on a wet filter paper or on the palm of a hand. The inhibition of growth for selected bacterial species (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus) on the copolymer membranes was dependent on the length of the imidazolium alkyl chain and the species. Additionally, in the case of the cross-linked P(VBCImCn-co-AA20)/P(SSAmC16-co-GMA20) membranes, the overall efficacy was very high against all microorganisms tested, which, combined with their high humidity responsiveness, enables their potential application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denisa Druvari
- Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, GR-26504 Patras, Greece
| | | | | | | | - Joannis K Kallitsis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, GR-26504 Patras, Greece
- Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (FORTH/ICE-HT), Stadiou Str, GR-26504 Rio-Patras, Greece
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10
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Ghosh R, Jayakannan M. Theranostic FRET Gate to Visualize and Quantify Bacterial Membrane Breaching. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:739-755. [PMID: 36598256 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c01202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Designing new antimicrobial-cum-probes to study real-time bacterial membrane breaching and concurrently developing inquisitorial image-based analytical tools is essential for the treatment of infectious diseases. An array of aggregation-induced emission (AIE) polymers (donor) consisting of neutral, anionic, and cationic charges were designed and employed as antimicrobial theranostic gatekeepers for the permeabilization of the peptidoglycan layer-adherable crystal violet (CV, acceptor). An AIE-active tetraphenylethylene (TPE)-tagged polycaprolactone biodegradable platform was chosen, and their self-assembled tiny amphiphilic nanoparticles were employed as a gatekeeper in the construction of bacterial membrane-reinforced fluorescent resonance energy transfer (FRET) probes. Electrostatic adhering of the cationic AIE polymer and subsequent gate opening aided fluorescent FRET probe activation on the membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, Escherichia coli. The selective photoexcitation energy transfer process in confocal microscopy experiments facilitated the building of a visualization-based FRET assay for the quantification of bactericidal activity. Nonantimicrobial AIE polymers (neutral and anionic) did not breach the bacterial membrane, resulting in no FRET signal. Detailed photophysical studies were done to establish the FRET probe mechanism, and a proof of concept was established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruma Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER Pune), Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, Maharashtra, India
| | - Manickam Jayakannan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER Pune), Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, Maharashtra, India
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11
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Cao P, Bai X, He Y, Song P, Wang R, Huang J. Nano-assemblies of phosphonium-functionalized diblock copolymers with fabulous antibacterial properties and relationships of structure-activity. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:9202-9215. [PMID: 36317705 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb01778d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
As a novel antimicrobial material, quaternary phosphonium salts (QPSs) have been drawing close attention because of their excellent antimicrobial capacity with high activity and low bacterial survivability. Polymeric QPSs (PQPSs) also exhibit selectivity and long-term stability, however the polymerization of QPSs is severely challenged by low controllability and narrow selectivity of cation type. In this study, high-conversion RAFT polymerization is employed to prepare innovative phosphonium-functionalized diblock copolymers (PFDCs) with desired molecular weights and particle sizes. The excellent antibacterial activity of the PFDCs achieves lowest MIC values of 40 and 60 μg mL-1 (i.e., 1.4 and 2.2 μmol L-1) against E. coli and S. aureus, respectively. Mixing with an ink, dye, and latex coating does not weaken the antibacterial activity of the PFDCs, which inhibited 99.9% E. coli, showing broad applicability in different media. The effects of the cation type, synthesis medium, crosslinking content, and particle size on the morphology and antibacterial activity are studied. In summary, the RAFT polymerization of QPSs through the versatile design of ionic liquid monomers and the polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA) method for constructing nano-assemblies with various micromorphology and particle size provides an exceedingly efficient way to build up multifunctional and multi-morphological polymeric nano-objects that open up vast possibilities in the fields of antibiotics, drug delivery, templated synthesis, and catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Cao
- Key Lab. Eco-functional Polymer Materials of MOE, Institute of Polymers, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
| | - Xue Bai
- Key Lab. Eco-functional Polymer Materials of MOE, Institute of Polymers, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
| | - Yufeng He
- Key Lab. Eco-functional Polymer Materials of MOE, Institute of Polymers, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
| | - Pengfei Song
- Key Lab. Eco-functional Polymer Materials of MOE, Institute of Polymers, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
| | - Rongmin Wang
- Key Lab. Eco-functional Polymer Materials of MOE, Institute of Polymers, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
| | - Junchao Huang
- School of Materials and Energy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
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12
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Fang Z, Zheng X, Li L, Qi J, Wu W, Lu Y. Ionic Liquids: Emerging Antimicrobial Agents. Pharm Res 2022; 39:2391-2404. [PMID: 35879499 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-022-03336-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance has become a serious threat to global health. New antimicrobials are thus urgently needed. Ionic liquids (ILs), salts consisting of organic cations and anions with melting points less than 100°C, have been recently found to be promising in antimicrobial field as they may disrupt the bacterial wall and membrane and consequently lead to cell leakage and death. Different types of antimicrobial ILs are introduced in the review, including cationic, polymeric, and anionic ILs. Being the main type of the antimicrobial ILs, the review focuses on the structure and the antimicrobial mechanisms of cationic ILs. The quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models of the cationic ILs are also included. Increase in alkyl chain length and lipophilicity is beneficial to increase the antimicrobial effects of cationic ILs. Polymeric ILs are homopolymers of monomer ILs or copolymers of ILs and other monomers. They have great potential in the field of antibiotics as they provide stronger antimicrobial effects than the sum of the monomer ILs. Anionic ILs are composed of existing anionic antibiotics and organic cations, being capable to enhance the solubility and bioavailability of the original form. Nonetheless, the medical application of antimicrobial ILs is limited by the toxicity. The structural optimization aided by QSAR model and combination with existing antibiotics may provide a solution to this problem and expand the application range of ILs in antimicrobial field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhezheng Fang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery of MOE, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xianzi Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery of MOE, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Lu Li
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery of MOE, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jianping Qi
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery of MOE, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery of MOE, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yi Lu
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery of MOE, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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13
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Guo J, Zhou J, Sun Z, Wang M, Zou X, Mao H, Yan F. Enhanced photocatalytic and antibacterial activity of acridinium-grafted g-C 3N 4 with broad-spectrum light absorption for antimicrobial photocatalytic therapy. Acta Biomater 2022; 146:370-384. [PMID: 35381397 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.03.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
As a metal-free polymeric photocatalyst, graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) has attracted great attention owing to its high stability and low toxicity. However, g-C3N4 suffers from low light harvesting ability which limits its applications in antimicrobial photocatalytic therapy (APCT). Herein, acridinium (ADN)-grafted g-C3N4 (ADN@g-C3N4) nanosheets are prepared via covalent grafting of ADN to g-C3N4. The obtained ADN@g-C3N4 exhibits a narrow optical band gap (2.12 eV) and a wide optical absorption spectrum (intensity a.u. > 0.30) ranging from ultraviolet to near-infrared region. Moreover, ADN@g-C3N4 would produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) under light irradiation to exert effective sterilization and biofilm elimination activities against both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Molecular dynamics simulation reveals that the ADN@g-C3N4 may move toward, tile and insert the bacterial lipid bilayer membrane through strong van der Waals and electrostatic interaction, decreasing the order parameter of the lipid while increasing the conducive of ROS migration, inducing ADN@g-C3N4 with improved antimicrobial and antibiofilm performance. Moreover, ADN@g-C3N4 could efficiently eradicate oral biofilm on artificial teeth surfaces. This work may provide a broad-spectrum light-induced photocatalytic therapy for preventing and treating dental plaque diseases and artificial teeth-related infections, showing potential applications for intractable biofilm treatment applications. An acridinium-grafted g-C3N4 (ADN@g-C3N4) with a narrow band gap and broad-spectrum light absorption was synthesized. The narrow optical band gap and improved electrostatic interaction with bacterial lipid bilayer membrane of ADN@g-C3N4 strengthened the ROS generation and facilitated the diffusion of ROS to bacteria surface, leading to enhanced photocatalytic and antibacterial activity against bacteria and corresponding biofilm under light irradiation. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: An acridinium-grafted g-C3N4 (ADN@g-C3N4) with a narrow band gap and broad-spectrum light absorption was developed as an antimicrobial photocatalytic therapy agent. The ADN@g-C3N4 exhibited enhanced photocatalytic and antibacterial activity against bacteria and corresponding biofilm under light irradiation, showing potential applications for intractable biofilm treatment.
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14
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Zhou J, Wang W, Zhang Q, Zhang Z, Guo J, Yan F. Oxygen-supplied mesoporous carbon nanoparticles for enhanced photothermal/photodynamic synergetic therapy against antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections. Chem Sci 2022; 13:6967-6981. [PMID: 35774158 PMCID: PMC9200222 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc01740g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pandemic and epidemic spread of antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections would result in a huge number of fatalities globally. To combat antibiotic-resistant pathogens, new antimicrobial strategies should be explored and developed to confront bacteria without acquiring or increasing drug-resistance. Here, oxygen saturated perfluorohexane (PFH)-loaded mesoporous carbon nanoparticles (CIL@ICG/PFH@O2) with photothermal therapy (PTT) and enhanced photodynamic therapy (PDT) utility are developed for antibacterial applications. Ionic liquid groups are grafted onto the surface of mesoporous carbon nanoparticles, followed by anion-exchange with the anionic photosensitizer indocyanine green (ICG) and loading oxygen saturated PFH to prepare CIL@ICG/PFH@O2. These CIL@ICG/PFH@O2 nanoparticles exhibit effective PTT and enhanced PDT properties simultaneously upon 808 nm light irradiation. In vitro assays demonstrate that CIL@ICG/PFH@O2 shows a synergistic antibacterial action against antibiotic-resistant pathogens (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and kanamycin-resistant Escherichia coli). Moreover, CIL@ICG/PFH@O2 could effectively kill drug-resistant bacteria in vivo to relieve inflammation and eliminate methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus-wound infection under NIR irradiation, and the released oxygen can increase collagen deposition, epithelial tissue formation and blood vessel formation to promote wound healing while enhancing the PDT effect. This study proposes a platform with enhanced PTT/PDT effects for effective, controlled, and precise treatment of topical drug-resistant bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiamei Zhou
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Wenjie Wang
- Hematology Center, Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Qiuyang Zhang
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Zijun Zhang
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Jiangna Guo
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Feng Yan
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
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15
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Agarwala P, Bera T, Sasmal DK. Molecular Mechanism of Interaction of Curcumin with BSA, Surfactants and Live E. Coli Cell Membrane Revealed by Fluorescence Spectroscopy and Confocal Microscopy. Chemphyschem 2022; 23:e202200265. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202200265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pratibha Agarwala
- Indian Institute of Technology Rajasthan: Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur Department of chemistry 342037 Jodhpur INDIA
| | - Turban Bera
- Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur Department of chemistry INDIA
| | - Dibyendu Kumar Sasmal
- Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur Chemistry NH65, Surpura bypass roadkarwar 342037 Jodhpur INDIA
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16
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Liu C, Raza F, Qian H, Tian X. Recent advances in poly(ionic liquid)s for biomedical application. Biomater Sci 2022; 10:2524-2539. [PMID: 35411889 DOI: 10.1039/d2bm00046f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Poly(ionic liquid)s (PILs) are polymers containing ions in their side-chain or backbone, and the designability and outstanding physicochemical properties of PILs have attracted widespread attention from researchers. PILs have specific characteristics, including negligible vapor pressure, high thermal and chemical stability, non-flammability, and self-assembly capabilities. PILs can be well combined with advanced analytical instruments and technology and have made outstanding contributions to the development of biomedicine aiding in the continuous advancement of science and technology. Here we reviewed the advances of PILs in the biomedical field in the past five years with a focus on applications in proteomics, drug delivery, and development. This paper aims to engage pharmaceutical and biomedical scientists to full understand PILs and accelerate the progress from laboratory research to industrialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxia Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China. .,Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Faisal Raza
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan, Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Hai Qian
- Center of Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
| | - Xin Tian
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China. .,Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
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17
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Chen X, Han H, Tang Z, Jin Q, Ji J. Aggregation-Induced Emission-Based Platforms for the Treatment of Bacteria, Fungi, and Viruses. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2100736. [PMID: 34190431 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202100736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The prevention and control of pathogenic bacteria, fungi, and viruses is a herculean task for all the countries since they greatly threaten global public health. Rapid detection and effective elimination of these pathogens is crucial for the treatment of related diseases. It is urgently demanded to develop new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies to combat bacteria, fungi, and viruses-induced infections. The emergence of aggregation-induced emission (AIE) luminogens (AIEgens) is a revolutionary breakthrough for the treatment of many diseases, including pathogenic infections. In this review, the main focus is on the applications of AIEgens for theranostic treatment of pathogenic bacteria, fungi, and viruses. Due to the AIE characteristic, AIEgens are promising fluorescent probes for the detection of bacteria, fungi, and viruses with excellent sensitivity and photostability. Moreover, AIEgen-based theranostic platforms can be fabricated by introducing bactericidal moieties or designing AIE photosensitizers and AIE photothermal agents. The current strategies and ongoing developments of AIEgens for the treatment of pathogenic bacteria, fungi, and viruses will be discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecule Synthesis and Functionalization of Ministry of Education Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang Province 310027 P. R. China
| | - Haijie Han
- Eye Center the Second Affiliated Hospital School of Medicine Zhejiang University 88 Jiefang Road Hangzhou 310009 P. R. China
| | - Zhe Tang
- Department of Surgery The Fourth Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Yiwu 322000 China
| | - Qiao Jin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecule Synthesis and Functionalization of Ministry of Education Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang Province 310027 P. R. China
| | - Jian Ji
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecule Synthesis and Functionalization of Ministry of Education Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang Province 310027 P. R. China
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18
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Borjihan Q, Wu H, Dong A, Gao H, Yang Y. AIEgens for Bacterial Imaging and Ablation. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2100877. [PMID: 34342176 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202100877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Accurate and sensitive diagnosis of pathogenic bacterial infection is a fundamental first step for correct bacteria management, helping to avoid the development of drug-resistant bacteria caused by the inappropriate use and overuse of antibiotics. Fluorescence probes as a promising visual tool can help identify pathogens rapidly and reliably. However, rigidly structured traditional fluorescence probes generally suffer from the drawback of aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) effect, which greatly undermines their advantages with respect to sensitivity. Luminogens with aggregation-induced emission properties, namely AIEgens, can overcome the ACQ effect and certain AIEgen-based materials are capable of generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the aggregate states. Hence, they have become powerful tools for imaging and killing bacteria. This review summarizes the recent advances in AIEgens for the diagnosis and treatment of pathogen infections. Special attention has been paid to the molecular design, the application in bacterial imaging and ablation in vitro and in vivo, and the biocompatibility of AIEgens. Finally, the challenges and prospects are discussed in terms of using AIEgens to advance precision therapies for pathogen infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinggele Borjihan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Engineering Research Center of Dairy Quality and Safety Control Technology Ministry of Education Inner Mongolia University Hohhot 010021 P. R. China
| | - Haixia Wu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Engineering Research Center of Dairy Quality and Safety Control Technology Ministry of Education Inner Mongolia University Hohhot 010021 P. R. China
| | - Alideertu Dong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Engineering Research Center of Dairy Quality and Safety Control Technology Ministry of Education Inner Mongolia University Hohhot 010021 P. R. China
| | - Hui Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes School of Materials Science and Engineering Tiangong University Tianjin 300387 P. R. China
| | - Ying‐Wei Yang
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Nano‐Micro Architecture Chemistry College of Chemistry Jilin University 2699 Qianjin Street Changchun 130012 P. R. China
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19
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Zhang C, Guo J, Zou X, Guo S, Guo Y, Shi R, Yan F. Acridine-Based Covalent Organic Framework Photosensitizer with Broad-Spectrum Light Absorption for Antibacterial Photocatalytic Therapy. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2100775. [PMID: 34165250 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202100775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is considered as one of the serious public health issues. Antibacterial photocatalytic therapy, a clinically proven antibacterial therapy, is gaining increasing attention in recent years owing to its high efficacy. Here, an acridine-based covalent organic framework (COF) photosensitizer, named TPDA, with multiple active sites is synthesized via Schiff base condensation between 2,4,6-triformylphloroglucinol (TFP) and 3,6-diaminoacridine (DAA). Owing to the increased conjugation effect of the COF skeleton and outstanding light harvesting ability of DAA, TPDA exhibits a narrow optical band gap (1.6 eV), enhancing light energy transformation and conferring a wide optical absorption spectrum (intensity arbitrary unit > 0.8) ranging from the UV to near-infrared region. Moreover, TPDA shows high antibacterial activities against both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria within a short time (10 min) of light irradiation and is found to efficiently protect fish from skin infections. Molecular dynamics simulation data show that the introduction of DAA and TFP facilitates the interaction between TPDA and bacteria and is conducive to reactive oxygen species migration, which further improves the antimicrobial performance. These findings indicate the potential of TPDA as a novel photosensitive material for photodynamic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiping Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Jiangna Guo
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Xiuyang Zou
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Siyu Guo
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yu Guo
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Rongwei Shi
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Feng Yan
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
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20
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Berthiot R, Giudice N, Douce L. Luminescent Imidazolium Salts as Bright Multi‐Faceted Tools for Biology. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Romain Berthiot
- Département des Matériaux Organiques Institut de Physique et de Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (UMR 7504) Université de Strasbourg/CNRS 23 Rue du Loess 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Nicolas Giudice
- Département des Matériaux Organiques Institut de Physique et de Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (UMR 7504) Université de Strasbourg/CNRS 23 Rue du Loess 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Laurent Douce
- Département des Matériaux Organiques Institut de Physique et de Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (UMR 7504) Université de Strasbourg/CNRS 23 Rue du Loess 67000 Strasbourg France
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21
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Zhou M, Li L, Xie W, He Z, Li J. Synthesis of a Thermal-Responsive Dual-Modal Supramolecular Probe for Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Fluorescence Imaging. Macromol Rapid Commun 2021; 42:e2100248. [PMID: 34272782 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Dual-modal imaging can integrate the advantages of different imaging technologies, which could improve the accuracy and efficiency of clinical diagnosis. Herein, a novel amphiphilic thermal-responsive copolymer obtained from three types of monomers, N-isopropyl acrylamide, 2-(acetoacetoxy) ethyl methacrylate, and propargyl methacrylate, by RAFT copolymerization, is reported. It can be grafted with β-cyclodextrin and aggregation-induced emission (AIE) luminogens tetraphenylethylene by click chemistry and Biginelli reaction. The multifunctional supramolecular polymer (P4) can be constructed by host-guest inclusion between the copolymer and the Gd-based contrast agent (CA) modified by adamantane [Ad-(DOTA-Gd)]. And it can form vesicles with a bilayer structure in aqueous which will enhance the AIE and magnetic resonance imaging effects. As fluorescent thermometer, P4 can enter HeLa cells for intracellular fluorescence imaging (FI) and is sensitive to temperature with detection limit value of 1.5 °C. As magnetic resonance CA, P4 exhibits higher relaxation compared to Magnevist, which can prolong the circulation time in vivo. In addition, Gd3+ in the polymer can be quickly released from the body by disassembly that reduced the biological toxicity. This work introduces new synthetic ideas for dual-modal probe, which has great potential for clinical diagnostic applications in bioimaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Zhou
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Li Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Wensheng Xie
- The Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Zejian He
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Jie Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
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22
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Maisuls I, Singh J, Salto IP, Steiner ST, Kirse TM, Niemann S, Strassert CA, Faust A. Conjugated Pt(II) Complexes as Luminescence-Switch-On Reporters Addressing the Microenvironment of Bacterial Biofilms. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:11058-11069. [PMID: 34255500 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c00860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this work, the synthesis, structural and photophysical characterization of six phosphorescent H2O-soluble Pt(II) complexes are reported while addressing their emission maxima, photoluminescence quantum yields (ΦL), lifetimes (τ), aggregation tendency, and microenvironment sensitivity as a function of the substitution pattern on the main tridentate luminophore. Different ancillary ligands, namely, a trisulfonated phosphane and maltohexaose-conjugated pyridines (with or without amide bridges), were introduced and evaluated for the realization of switch-on-photoluminescent labels reporting on the microenvironment sensed in biofilms of Gram+ and Gram- models, namely, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. With the aid of confocal luminescence micro(spectro)scopy, we observed that selected complexes specifically interact with the biofilms while leaving planktonic cells unlabeled. By using photoluminescence lifetime imaging microscopy, excited-state lifetimes within S. aureus biofilms were measured. The photoluminescence intensities were drastically boosted, and the excited state lifetimes were significantly prolonged upon binding to the viscous biofilm matrix, mainly due to the suppression of radiationless deactivation pathways upon shielding from physical quenching processes, such as interactions with solvent molecules and 3O2. The best performances were attained for non-aggregating complexes with maltohexaose targeting units and without amide bridges. Notably, in the absence of the maltodextrin, a hydrophobic adamantyl moiety suffices to attain a sizeable labeling capacity. Moreover, photoluminescence studies showed that selected complexes can also effectively interact with E. coli biofilms, where the bacterial cells are able to partially uptake the maltodextrin-based agents. In summary, the herein introduced concepts enable the development of specific biofilm reporters providing spatial resolution as well as lifetime- and spectrum-based readouts. Considering that most theragnostic agents reported so far mainly address metabolically active bacteria at the surface of biofilms but without reaching cells deeply immersed in the matrix, a new platform with a clear structure-property correlation is provided for the early detection of such bacterial arrays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván Maisuls
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, CiMiC, SoN and CeNTech, Wesfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Heisenbergstr. 11, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Jasveer Singh
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, CiMiC, SoN and CeNTech, Wesfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Heisenbergstr. 11, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Ileana P Salto
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Münster, Domagkstr. 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Simon T Steiner
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging, University of Münster, Münster, Waldeyerstr. 15, 48159 Münster, Germany
| | - Thomas M Kirse
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, CiMiC, SoN and CeNTech, Wesfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Heisenbergstr. 11, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Silke Niemann
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Münster, Domagkstr. 10, 48149 Münster, Germany.,Interdisciplinary Center of Clinical Research (IZKF), University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Cristian A Strassert
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, CiMiC, SoN and CeNTech, Wesfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Heisenbergstr. 11, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Andreas Faust
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging, University of Münster, Münster, Waldeyerstr. 15, 48159 Münster, Germany.,Interdisciplinary Center of Clinical Research (IZKF), University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
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23
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Li D, Chen J, Hong M, Wang Y, Haddleton DM, Li GZ, Zhang Q. Cationic Glycopolymers with Aggregation-Induced Emission for the Killing, Imaging, and Detection of Bacteria. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:2224-2232. [PMID: 33909978 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c00298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cationic glycopolymers with structures similar to those of typical poly(ionic liquid)s (PILs) were synthesized via the quaternization reaction of poly(4-vinyl pyridine) with halogen-functionalized d-mannose and tetraphenylethylene units. Such postpolymerization modification provided PILs with aggregation-induced emission effect as well as specific carbohydrate-protein recognition with lectins such as concanavalin A. The interactions between cationic glycopolymers and different microorganisms, including Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative Escherichia coli, were used for the killing, imaging, and detection of bacteria. Besides, these sugar-containing PILs showed a relatively low hemolysis rate due to the presence of saccharide units, which may have potential application in the field of biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Die Li
- Key Laboratory of New Membrane Materials, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China
| | - Jing Chen
- Key Laboratory of New Membrane Materials, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China
| | - Mei Hong
- Key Laboratory of New Membrane Materials, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China
| | - Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of New Membrane Materials, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China
| | - David M Haddleton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill CV4 7AL, U.K
| | - Guang-Zhao Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of New Membrane Materials, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China
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Pablos JL, Catalina F, Ibeas S, Corrales T. Fluorescent imidazolium-based poly(ionic liquid)s for Fe3+ detection in aqueous medium. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2020.113015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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25
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Sayed SM, Xu KF, Jia HR, Yin FF, Ma L, Zhang X, Khan A, Ma Q, Wu FG, Lu X. Naphthalimide-based multifunctional AIEgens: Selective, fast, and wash-free fluorescence tracking and identification of Gram-positive bacteria. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1146:41-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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26
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Szymura A, Ilyas S, Horn M, Neundorf I, Mathur S. Multivalent magnetic nanoaggregates with unified antibacterial activity and selective uptake of heavy metals and organic pollutants. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.114002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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27
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Robust and Self-healable Antibiofilm Multilayer Coatings. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-021-2513-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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28
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Wiedmann S, Kerscher B, Lienert C, Böcherer D, Mülhaupt R. Tailoring Poly(2-oxazoline)-Based Polymeric Ionic Liquids as Thermoresponsive Molecular Brushes and Programmable Dispersants for Silver Nanoparticles. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Wiedmann
- Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 31, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF), University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 21, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Centre for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT), University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, D-79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Benjamin Kerscher
- Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 31, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF), University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 21, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Caroline Lienert
- Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 31, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - David Böcherer
- Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 31, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Rolf Mülhaupt
- Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 31, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF), University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 21, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Centre for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT), University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, D-79110 Freiburg, Germany
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29
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Ghosh R, Malhotra M, Sathe RR, Jayakannan M. Biodegradable Polymer Theranostic Fluorescent Nanoprobe for Direct Visualization and Quantitative Determination of Antimicrobial Activity. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:2896-2912. [PMID: 32539360 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c00653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We report a biodegradable fluorescent theranostic nanoprobe design strategy for simultaneous visualization and quantitative determination of antibacterial activity for the treatment of bacterial infections. Cationic-charged polycaprolactone (PCL) was tailor-made through ring-opening polymerization methodology, and it was self-assembled into well-defined tiny 5.0 ± 0.1 nm aqueous nanoparticles (NPs) having a zeta potential of +45 mV. Excellent bactericidal activity at 10.0 ng/mL concentration was accomplished in Gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli (E. coli) while maintaining their nonhemolytic nature in mice red blood cells (RBC) and their nontoxic trend in wild-type mouse embryonic fibroblast cells with a selectivity index of >104. Electron microscopic studies are evident of the E. coli membrane disruption mechanism by the cationic NP with respect to their high selectivity for antibacterial activity. Anionic biomarker 8-hydroxy-pyrene-1,3,6-trisulfonic acid (HPTS) was loaded in the cationic PCL NP via electrostatic interaction to yield a new fluorescent theranostic nanoprobe to accomplish both therapeutics and diagnostics together in a single nanosystem. The theranostic NP was readily degradable by a bacteria-secreted lipase enzyme as well as by lysosomal esterase enzymes at the intracellular compartments in <12 h and support their suitability for biomedical application. In the absence of bactericidal activity, the theranostic nanoprobe functions exclusively as a biomarker to exhibit strong green-fluorescent signals in live E. coli. Once it became active, the theranostic probe induces membrane disruption on E. coli, which enabled the costaining of nuclei by red fluorescent propidium iodide. As a result, live and dead bacteria could be visualized via green and orange signals (merging of red+green), respectively, during the course of the antibacterial activity by the theranostic probe. This has enabled the development of a new image-based fluorescence assay to directly visualize and quantitatively estimate the real-time antibacterial activity. Time-dependent bactericidal activity was coupled with selective photoexcitation in a confocal microscope to demonstrate the proof-of-concept of the working principle of a theranostic probe in E. coli. This new theranostic nanoprobe creates a new platform for the simultaneous probing and treating of bacterial infections in a single nanodesign, which is very useful for a long-term impact in healthcare applications.
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Namivandi-Zangeneh R, Yang Y, Xu S, Wong EHH, Boyer C. Antibiofilm Platform based on the Combination of Antimicrobial Polymers and Essential Oils. Biomacromolecules 2019; 21:262-272. [PMID: 31657209 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.9b01278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The development of potent strategies to counter microbial biofilm is an urgent priority in healthcare. The majority of bacterial infections in humans are biofilm related, however, effective treatments are still lacking especially for combating multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains. Herein, we report an effective antibiofilm platform based on the use of synthetic antimicrobial polymers in combination with essential oils, where the antimicrobial polymers play a secondary role as delivery vehicle for essential oils. Two ternary antimicrobial polymers consisting of cationic primary amines, low-fouling oligo(ethylene glycol) and hydrophobic ethylhexyl groups were synthesized in the form of random and block copolymers, and mixed with either carvacrol or eugenol. Coadministration of these compounds improved the efficacy against Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms compared to the individual compounds. We observed about a 60-75% and 70-85% biofilm inhibition effect for all tested combinations against wild-type P. aeruginosa PAO1 and MDR strain PA37, respectively, upon 6.5 h of incubation time. While both random and block copolymers demonstrated similar biofilm inhibition potencies in combination with essential oils, only the block copolymer acted synergistically with essential oils in killing biofilm. Treatment of PAO1 biofilm for 20 min with the block copolymer-oil combinations resulted in the killing of >99.99% of biofilm bacteria. This synergistic bactericidal activity is attributed to the targeted delivery of essential oils to the biofilm, driven by the electrostatic interaction between positively charged delivery vehicles, in the form of polymeric micelles, and negatively charged bacteria. This study thus highlights the advantage of combining essential oils and antimicrobial polymers as an effective avenue for antibacterial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashin Namivandi-Zangeneh
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD) and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine (ACN), School of Chemical Engineering , UNSW Australia , Sydney , NSW 2052 , Australia
| | - Yiling Yang
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD) and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine (ACN), School of Chemical Engineering , UNSW Australia , Sydney , NSW 2052 , Australia
| | - Sihao Xu
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD) and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine (ACN), School of Chemical Engineering , UNSW Australia , Sydney , NSW 2052 , Australia
| | - Edgar H H Wong
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD) and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine (ACN), School of Chemical Engineering , UNSW Australia , Sydney , NSW 2052 , Australia
| | - Cyrille Boyer
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD) and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine (ACN), School of Chemical Engineering , UNSW Australia , Sydney , NSW 2052 , Australia
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