1
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Huang L, Gan Y. A review on SEM imaging of graphene layers. Micron 2024; 187:103716. [PMID: 39276729 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2024.103716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 09/03/2024] [Accepted: 09/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/17/2024]
Abstract
Atomic-thick graphene has stimulated great interests for exploring fundamental science and technological applications due to its promising electronic, mechanical and thermal properties. It is important to gain a deeper understanding of geometrical/structural characteristics of graphene and its properties/performance. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is indispensable for characterizing graphene layers. This review details SEM imaging of graphene layer, including the SEM image contrast mechanism of graphene layers, imaging parameter-dependent contrast of graphene layers and the influence of polycrystalline substrates on image contrast. Furthermore, a summary of SEM applications in imaging graphene layers is also provided, including layer-number determinations, study of chemical vapor deposition (CVD)-growth mechanism, and reveal of anti-corrosive failure mechanism of graphene layers. This review will provide a systematic and comprehensive understanding on SEM imaging of graphene layers for graphene community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Huang
- School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, PR China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Electronic Materials and Devices, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, PR China.
| | - Yang Gan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, PR China; MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, PR China
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2
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Gebeyehu ZM, Mišeikis V, Forti S, Rossi A, Mishra N, Boschi A, Ivanov YP, Martini L, Ochapski MW, Piccinini G, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Divitini G, Beltram F, Pezzini S, Coletti C. Decoupled High-Mobility Graphene on Cu(111)/Sapphire via Chemical Vapor Deposition. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2404590. [PMID: 39248701 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202404590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 08/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024]
Abstract
The growth of high-quality graphene on flat and rigid templates, such as metal thin films on insulating wafers, is regarded as a key enabler for technologies based on 2D materials. In this work, the growth of decoupled graphene is introduced via non-reducing low-pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD) on crystalline Cu(111) films deposited on sapphire. The resulting film is atomically flat, with no detectable cracks or ripples, and lies atop of a thin Cu2O layer, as confirmed by microscopy, diffraction, and spectroscopy analyses. Post-growth treatment of the partially decoupled graphene enables full and uniform oxidation of the interface, greatly simplifying subsequent transfer processes, particularly dry-pick up - a task that proves challenging when dealing with graphene directly synthesized on metallic Cu(111). Electrical transport measurements reveal high carrier mobility at room temperature, exceeding 104 cm2 V-1 s-1 on SiO2/Si and 105 cm2 V-1 s-1 upon encapsulation in hexagonal boron nitride (hBN). The demonstrated growth approach yields exceptional material quality, in line with micro-mechanically exfoliated graphene flakes, and thus paves the way toward large-scale production of pristine graphene suitable for high-performance next-generation applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zewdu M Gebeyehu
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation @NEST, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Piazza San Silvestro 12, Pisa, 56127, Italy
- Graphene Labs, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, Genova, 16163, Italy
| | - Vaidotas Mišeikis
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation @NEST, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Piazza San Silvestro 12, Pisa, 56127, Italy
- Graphene Labs, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, Genova, 16163, Italy
| | - Stiven Forti
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation @NEST, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Piazza San Silvestro 12, Pisa, 56127, Italy
- Graphene Labs, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, Genova, 16163, Italy
| | - Antonio Rossi
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation @NEST, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Piazza San Silvestro 12, Pisa, 56127, Italy
- Graphene Labs, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, Genova, 16163, Italy
| | - Neeraj Mishra
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation @NEST, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Piazza San Silvestro 12, Pisa, 56127, Italy
- Graphene Labs, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, Genova, 16163, Italy
| | - Alex Boschi
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation @NEST, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Piazza San Silvestro 12, Pisa, 56127, Italy
- Graphene Labs, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, Genova, 16163, Italy
| | - Yurii P Ivanov
- Electron Spectroscopy and Nanoscopy, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, Genova, 16163, Italy
| | - Leonardo Martini
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation @NEST, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Piazza San Silvestro 12, Pisa, 56127, Italy
- Graphene Labs, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, Genova, 16163, Italy
| | - Michal W Ochapski
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation @NEST, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Piazza San Silvestro 12, Pisa, 56127, Italy
- Graphene Labs, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, Genova, 16163, Italy
| | - Giulia Piccinini
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation @NEST, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Piazza San Silvestro 12, Pisa, 56127, Italy
- NEST, Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR and Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, 56127, Italy
- ICFO-Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Carl Friedrich Gauss 3, Castelldefels, Barcelona, 08860, Spain
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Research Center for Electronic and Optical Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Giorgio Divitini
- Electron Spectroscopy and Nanoscopy, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, Genova, 16163, Italy
| | - Fabio Beltram
- NEST, Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR and Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, 56127, Italy
| | - Sergio Pezzini
- NEST, Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR and Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, 56127, Italy
| | - Camilla Coletti
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation @NEST, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Piazza San Silvestro 12, Pisa, 56127, Italy
- Graphene Labs, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, Genova, 16163, Italy
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3
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Kong J, Zou R, Chu R, Hu N, Liu J, Sun Y, Ge X, Mao M, Yu H, Wang Y. An Ultrasmall Cu/Cu 2O Nanoparticle-Based Diselenide-Bridged Nanoplatform Mediating Reactive Oxygen Species Scavenging and Neuronal Membrane Enhancement for Targeted Therapy of Ischemic Stroke. ACS NANO 2024; 18:4140-4158. [PMID: 38134247 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c08734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is one of the major causes of death and disability worldwide, and an effective and timely treatment of ischemic stroke has been a challenge because of the narrow therapeutic window and the poor affinity with thrombus of the thrombolytic agent. In this study, rPZDCu, a multifunctional nanoparticle (NP) with the effects of thrombolysis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging, and neuroprotection, was synthesized based on an ultrasmall Cu4.6O NP, the thrombolytic agent rt-PA, and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), which is a major component of the neuronal membrane. rPZDCu showed strong thrombus-targeting ability, which was achieved by the platelet cell membrane coating on the NP surface, and a good thrombolytic effect in both the common carotid artery clot model and embolic middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model of rats. Furthermore, rPZDCu exhibited a good escape from the phagocytosis of macrophages, effective promotion of the polarization of microglia, and efficient recovery of neurobiological and behavioral functions in the embolic MCAO model of rats. This is a heuristic report of (1) the Cu0/Cu+ NP for the treatments of brain diseases, (2) the integration of DHA and ROS scavengers for central nervous system therapies, and (3) diselenide-based ROS-responsive NPs for ischemic stroke treatments. This study also offers an example of cell membrane-camouflaged stimuli-responsive nanomedicine for brain-targeting drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianglong Kong
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Rui Zou
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510630, People's Republic of China
| | - Runxuan Chu
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Research Center, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Hu
- Changchun Institute of Technology, Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiawen Liu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yuting Sun
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiaohan Ge
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Meiru Mao
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hongrui Yu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yi Wang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, People's Republic of China
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4
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Pfaff S, Larsson A, Orlov D, Rämisch L, Gericke SM, Lundgren E, Zetterberg J. A Polycrystalline Pd Surface Studied by Two-Dimensional Surface Optical Reflectance during CO Oxidation: Bridging the Materials Gap. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:444-453. [PMID: 38109219 PMCID: PMC10788831 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c11341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Industrial catalysts are complex materials systems operating in harsh environments. The active parts of the catalysts are nanoparticles that expose different facets with different surface orientations at which the catalytic reactions occur. However, these facets are close to impossible to study in detail under industrially relevant operating conditions. Instead, simpler model systems, such as single crystals with a well-defined surface orientation, have been successfully used to study gas-surface interactions such as adsorption and desorption, surface oxidation, and oxidation/reduction reactions. To more closely mimic the many facets exhibited by nanoparticles and thereby close the so-called materials gap, there has also been a recent move toward using polycrystalline surfaces and curved crystals. However, these studies are limited either by the pressure or spatial resolution at realistic pressures or by the number of surfaces studied simultaneously. In this work, we demonstrate the use of reflectance microscopy to study a vast number of catalytically active surfaces simultaneously under realistic and identical reaction conditions. As a proof of concept, we have conducted an operando experiment to study CO oxidation over a Pd polycrystal, where the polycrystalline surface acts as a collection of many single-crystal surfaces. Finally, we visualized the resulting data by plotting the reflectivity as a function of surface orientation. We think the techniques and visualization methods introduced in this work will be key toward bridging the materials gap in catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Pfaff
- Combustion
Research Facility, Sandia National Laboratories, 7011 East Ave, Livermore, California 94550, United States
| | - Alfred Larsson
- Division
of Synchrotron Radiation Research, Lund
University, Sölvegatan 14, S-22363 Lund, Sweden
| | - Dmytro Orlov
- Division
of Mechanics, Materials and Component Design, Lund University, Ole
Römers väg 1, S-22363 Lund, Sweden
| | - Lisa Rämisch
- Combustion
Physics, Lund University, Sölvegatan 14, S-22363 Lund, Sweden
| | - Sabrina M. Gericke
- Combustion
Physics, Lund University, Sölvegatan 14, S-22363 Lund, Sweden
| | - Edvin Lundgren
- Division
of Synchrotron Radiation Research, Lund
University, Sölvegatan 14, S-22363 Lund, Sweden
| | - Johan Zetterberg
- Combustion
Physics, Lund University, Sölvegatan 14, S-22363 Lund, Sweden
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5
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Feng P, Zhang D, Zhang P, Wang Y, Gan Y. Nanoscale characterization of the heterogeneous interfacial oxidation layer of graphene/Cu based on a SEM electron beam induced reduction effect. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:8816-8825. [PMID: 36916298 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp05809j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
Characterization of the interfacial oxidation layer of graphene/metal is a challenging task using conventional spectroscopy techniques because interfacial oxidation is heterogeneous at the nanoscale underneath the graphene. Here we developed a feasible method for nanoscale characterization of the interfacial oxidation layer of graphene/Cu (Gr/Cu) based on scanning electron microscopy (SEM) electron beam irradiation (EBI) induced reduction of interfacial oxides (SEM EBI-RIO method) at room temperature. The change in the thickness and coverage of the interfacial Cu oxide layer induced by EBI is responsible for the observed contrast reversal or change in SEM images of a targeted area with a width down to 200 nm in the EBI time scale of seconds to minutes. This method offers the capability of mapping heterogeneous interfacial oxidation of Gr/Cu with sub-100 nm spatial resolution and determining the range of thickness (1-5 nm) of the interfacial oxide layer. The SEM EBI-RIO method will be a powerful method to complement X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Raman microscopy, and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) for characterization of the interfacial oxidation layer of 2D materials and devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Feng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China.
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Dan Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China.
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Manufacturing Engineering for Aviation and Aerospace, School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - You Wang
- Key Laboratory of Micro-Systems and Micro-Structures Manufacturing, Ministry of Education, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
- Materials Physics and Chemistry Department, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Yang Gan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China.
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
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6
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Burton OJ, Winter Z, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Beschoten B, Stampfer C, Hofmann S. Putting High-Index Cu on the Map for High-Yield, Dry-Transferred CVD Graphene. ACS NANO 2023; 17:1229-1238. [PMID: 36594782 PMCID: PMC9878973 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c09253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Reliable, clean transfer and interfacing of 2D material layers are technologically as important as their growth. Bringing both together remains a challenge due to the vast, interconnected parameter space. We introduce a fast-screening descriptor approach to demonstrate holistic data-driven optimization across the entirety of process steps for the graphene-Cu model system. We map the crystallographic dependences of graphene chemical vapor deposition, interfacial Cu oxidation to decouple graphene, and its dry delamination across inverse pole figures. Their overlay enables us to identify hitherto unexplored (168) higher index Cu orientations as overall optimal orientations. We show the effective preparation of such Cu orientations via epitaxial close-space sublimation and achieve mechanical transfer with a very high yield (>95%) and quality of graphene domains, with room-temperature electron mobilities in the range of 40000 cm2/(V s). Our approach is readily adaptable to other descriptors and 2D material systems, and we discuss the opportunities of such a holistic optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver J. Burton
- Department
of Engineering, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB3 0FA, United Kingdom
| | - Zachary Winter
- 2nd
Institute of Physics A and JARA-FIT, RWTH
Aachen University, 52074Aachen, Germany
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Research
Center for Functional Materials, National
Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki305-0044, Japan
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- International
Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki305-0044, Japan
| | - Bernd Beschoten
- 2nd
Institute of Physics A and JARA-FIT, RWTH
Aachen University, 52074Aachen, Germany
| | - Christoph Stampfer
- 2nd
Institute of Physics A and JARA-FIT, RWTH
Aachen University, 52074Aachen, Germany
- Peter
Grünberg Institute (PGI-9), Forschungszentrum
Jülich, 52425Jülich, Germany
| | - Stephan Hofmann
- Department
of Engineering, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB3 0FA, United Kingdom
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7
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Electronic interactions and stability issues at the copper-graphene interface in air and in alkaline solution under electrochemical control. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.141145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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8
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Zhang K, Ban C, Yuan Y, Huang L, Gan Y. Nanoscale imaging of oxidized copper foil covered with CVD‐grown graphene layers. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.7096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhang
- School of Electronics and Information Engineering Hebei University of Technology Tianjin P. R. China
| | - Chun‐guang Ban
- School of Materials Science and Technology Hebei University of Technology Tianjin P. R. China
| | - Ye Yuan
- School of Materials Science and Technology Hebei University of Technology Tianjin P. R. China
| | - Li Huang
- School of Electronics and Information Engineering Hebei University of Technology Tianjin P. R. China
| | - Yang Gan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin P. R. China
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin P. R. China
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9
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Corrosion Resistance of Ultrathin Two-Dimensional Coatings: First-Principles Calculations towards In-Depth Mechanism Understanding and Precise Material Design. METALS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/met11122011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, ultrathin two-dimensional (2D) coatings, e.g., graphene (Gr) and hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN), are intriguing research foci in the field of anticorrosion because their high air stability, excellent impermeability, high optical transparency, and atomistic thickness have endowed them with attractive anticorrosion applications. The microstructure of 2D coatings, coating–substrate interactions, and properties of 2D coatings on substrates in a variety of environmental conditions (e.g., at different temperatures, stresses, and pH values) are the key factors governing the anticorrosion performance of 2D coatings and are among the central topics for all 2D-coating studies. For many conventional experimental measurements (e.g., microscopy and electrochemical methods), there exist challenges to acquire detailed information on the atomistic mechanisms for the involved subnanometer scale corrosion problems. Alternatively, as a precise and efficient quantum-mechanical simulation approach, the first-principles calculation based on density-functional theory (DFT) has become a powerful way to study the thermodynamic and kinetic properties of materials on the atomic scale, as well as to clearly reveal the underlying microscopic mechanisms. In this review, we introduce the anticorrosion performance, existing problems, and optimization ways of Gr and h-BN coatings and summarize important recent DFT results on the critical and complex roles of coating defects and coating–substrate interfaces in governing their corrosion resistance. These DFT progresses have shed much light on the optimization ways towards better anticorrosion 2D coatings and also guided us to make a prospect on the further development directions and promising design schemes for superior anticorrosion ultrathin 2D coatings in the future.
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10
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Effect of Functionalization of Reduced Graphene Oxide Coatings with Nitrogen and Sulfur Groups on Their Anti-Corrosion Properties. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14061410. [PMID: 33799450 PMCID: PMC8001060 DOI: 10.3390/ma14061410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Electrophoretic production of anticorrosion carbonaceous coatings on copper could be successfully performed by anodic oxidation of negatively charged graphene platelets suspended in an aqueous solution. The various platelets were synthesized by Hummer’s method followed by a hydrothermal reduction in the presence of NH4SCN which was expected to substitute some parts of graphene structure with nitrogen and sulfur groups. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis confirmed that the graphene precursors, as well as the coatings, contained typical nitrogen groups, such as pyridinic and pyrrolic, and sulfur groups, such as thiol, thiophene, or C-SO2. However, due to oxidation during deposition, the qualitative and quantitative composition of the graphene coatings changed relative to the composition of the precursors. In particular, the concentration of nitrogen and sulfur dropped and some thiophene groups were oxidized to C-SO2. Studies showed the functionalized coatings had a uniform, defect-free, hydrophobic, more adhesive surface than nonmodified films. The corrosion measurements demonstrated that these coatings had better protective properties than the ones without these heteroatoms. This behavior can be assigned to the catalytic activity of nitrogen towards oxidation of C-SO2 groups to C-SO3H with oxygen.
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11
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Ji D, Wen X, Foller T, You Y, Wang F, Joshi R. Chemical Vapour Deposition of Graphene for Durable Anticorrosive Coating on Copper. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E2511. [PMID: 33327582 PMCID: PMC7765019 DOI: 10.3390/nano10122511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Due to the excellent chemical inertness, graphene can be used as an anti-corrosive coating to protect metal surfaces. Here, we report the growth of graphene by using a chemical vapour deposition (CVD) process with ethanol as a carbon source. Surface and structural characterisations of CVD grown films suggest the formation of double-layer graphene. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy has been used to study the anticorrosion behaviour of the CVD grown graphene layer. The observed corrosion rate of 8.08 × 10-14 m/s for graphene-coated copper is 24 times lower than the value for pure copper which shows the potential of graphene as the anticorrosive layer. Furthermore, we observed no significant changes in anticorrosive behaviour of the graphene coated copper samples stored in ambient environment for more than one year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dali Ji
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia; (D.J.); (X.W.); (T.F.); (F.W.)
| | - Xinyue Wen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia; (D.J.); (X.W.); (T.F.); (F.W.)
| | - Tobias Foller
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia; (D.J.); (X.W.); (T.F.); (F.W.)
| | - Yi You
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK;
| | - Fei Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia; (D.J.); (X.W.); (T.F.); (F.W.)
| | - Rakesh Joshi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia; (D.J.); (X.W.); (T.F.); (F.W.)
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