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Swift MW, Efros AL, Erwin SC. Controlling light emission from semiconductor nanoplatelets using surface chemistry. Nat Commun 2024; 15:7737. [PMID: 39231939 PMCID: PMC11374790 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-51842-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Semiconductor nanoplatelets are atomically flat nanocrystals which emit light with high spectral purity at wavelengths controlled by their thickness. Despite their technological potential, efforts to further sharpen the emission lines of nanoplatelets have generally failed for unknown reasons. Here, we demonstrate theoretically that the linewidth is controlled by surface chemistry-specifically, inhomogeneities in the ligand layer on the nanoplatelet surface lead to a spatially fluctuating potential that localizes excitons. This localization leads to increased scattering and optical broadening. Importantly, localization also reduces the rate of radiative emission. Our model explains the observed linewidth and predicts that a more uniform ligand layer will sharpen the lines and increase the emission rates. These findings demonstrate that light emission from nanoplatelets can be controlled by optimizing their surface chemistry, an important advantage for their eventual use in optical technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W Swift
- Center for Computational Materials Science, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, USA.
| | - Alexander L Efros
- Center for Computational Materials Science, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, USA.
| | - Steven C Erwin
- Center for Computational Materials Science, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, USA.
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2
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Di Giacomo A, Myslovska A, De Roo V, Goeman J, Martins JC, Moreels I. Selenium reduction pathways in the colloidal synthesis of CdSe nanoplatelets. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:6268-6277. [PMID: 38450545 PMCID: PMC10956962 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr05157a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Several established procedures are now available to prepare zinc blende CdSe nanoplatelets. While these protocols allow for detailed control over both thickness and lateral dimensions, the chemistry behind their formation is yet to be unraveled. In this work, we discuss the influence of the solvent on the synthesis of nanoplatelets. We confirmed that the presence of double bonds, as is the case for 1-octadecene, plays a key role in the evolution of nanoplatelets, through the isomerization of the alkene, as confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. Consequently, 1-octadecene can be replaced as a solvent (or solvent mixture), however, only by one that also contains α protons to CC double bonds. We confirm this via synthesis of nanoplatelets in hexadecane spiked with a small amount of 1-octadecene, and in the aromatic solvent 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene (tetralin). At the same time, the chemical reaction leading to the formation of nanoplatelets occurs to some extent in saturated solvents. A closer examination revealed that an alternative formation pathway is possible, through interaction of carboxylic acids, such as octanoic acid, with selenium. Next to shedding more light on the synthesis of CdSe nanoplatelets, fundamental understanding of the precursor chemistry paves the way to use optimized solvent admixtures as an additional handle to control the nanoplatelet synthesis, as well as to reduce potential self-polymerization hurdles observed with 1-octadecene.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alina Myslovska
- Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, 9000-Gent, Belgium.
| | - Vic De Roo
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, 9000-Gent, Belgium
| | - Jan Goeman
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, 9000-Gent, Belgium
| | - José C Martins
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, 9000-Gent, Belgium
| | - Iwan Moreels
- Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, 9000-Gent, Belgium.
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3
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Saenz N, Hamachi LS, Wolock A, Goodge BH, Kuntzmann A, Dubertret B, Billinge I, Kourkoutis LF, Muller DA, Crowther AC, Owen JS. Synthesis of graded CdS 1-xSe x nanoplatelet alloys and heterostructures from pairs of chalcogenoureas with tailored conversion reactivity. Chem Sci 2023; 14:12345-12354. [PMID: 37969574 PMCID: PMC10631235 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc03384h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
A mixture of N,N,N'-trisubstituted thiourea and cyclic N,N,N',N'-tetrasubstituted selenourea precursors were used to synthesize three monolayer thick CdS1-xSex nanoplatelets in a single synthetic step. The microstructure of the nanoplatelets could be tuned from homogeneous alloys, to graded alloys to core/crown heterostructures depending on the relative conversion reactivity of the sulfur and selenium precursors. UV-visible absorption and photoluminescence spectroscopy and scanning transmission electron microscopy electron energy loss spectroscopy (STEM-EELS) images demonstrate that the elemental distribution is governed by the relative precursor conversion kinetics. Slow conversion kinetics produced nanoplatelets with larger lateral dimensions, behavior that is characteristic of precursor conversion limited growth kinetics. Across a 10-fold range of reactivity, CdS nanoplatelets have 4× smaller lateral dimensions than CdSe nanoplatelets grown under identical conversion kinetics. The difference in size is consistent with a rate of CdSe growth that is 4× greater than the rate of CdS. The influence of the relative sulfide and selenide growth rates, the duration of the nucleation phase, and the solute composition on the nanoplatelet microstructure are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Saenz
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University New York NY USA
| | | | - Anna Wolock
- Department of Chemistry, Barnard College, Columbia University New York NY USA
| | - Berit H Goodge
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University Ithaca NY 14853 USA
| | - Alexis Kuntzmann
- Ecole Supérieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielle Paris France
| | - Benoit Dubertret
- Ecole Supérieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielle Paris France
| | - Isabel Billinge
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University New York NY USA
| | - Lena F Kourkoutis
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University Ithaca NY 14853 USA
- Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Cornell University Ithaca NY 14853 USA
| | - David A Muller
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University Ithaca NY 14853 USA
- Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Cornell University Ithaca NY 14853 USA
| | - Andrew C Crowther
- Department of Chemistry, Barnard College, Columbia University New York NY USA
| | - Jonathan S Owen
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University New York NY USA
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4
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Liang X, Durmusoglu EG, Lunina M, Hernandez-Martinez PL, Valuckas V, Yan F, Lekina Y, Sharma VK, Yin T, Ha ST, Shen ZX, Sun H, Kuznetsov A, Demir HV. Near-Unity Emitting, Widely Tailorable, and Stable Exciton Concentrators Built from Doubly Gradient 2D Semiconductor Nanoplatelets. ACS NANO 2023; 17:19981-19992. [PMID: 37610378 PMCID: PMC10603796 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c05125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
The strength of electrostatic interactions (EIs) between electrons and holes within semiconductor nanocrystals profoundly affects the performance of their optoelectronic systems, and different optoelectronic devices demand distinct EI strength of the active medium. However, achieving a broad range and fine-tuning of the EI strength for specific optoelectronic applications is a daunting challenge, especially in quasi two-dimensional core-shell semiconductor nanoplatelets (NPLs), as the epitaxial growth of the inorganic shell along the direction of the thickness that solely contributes to the quantum confined effect significantly undermines the strength of the EI. Herein we propose and demonstrate a doubly gradient (DG) core-shell architecture of semiconductor NPLs for on-demand tailoring of the EI strength by controlling the localized exciton concentration via in-plane architectural modulation, demonstrated by a wide tuning of radiative recombination rate and exciton binding energy. Moreover, these exciton-concentration-engineered DG NPLs also exhibit a near-unity quantum yield, high photo- and thermal stability, and considerably suppressed self-absorption. As proof-of-concept demonstrations, highly efficient color converters and high-performance light-emitting diodes (external quantum efficiency: 16.9%, maximum luminance: 43,000 cd/m2) have been achieved based on the DG NPLs. This work thus provides insights into the development of high-performance colloidal optoelectronic device applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Liang
- LUMINOUS!
Center of Excellence for Semiconductor Lighting and Displays, The
Photonics Institute, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Emek G. Durmusoglu
- LUMINOUS!
Center of Excellence for Semiconductor Lighting and Displays, The
Photonics Institute, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
- Division
of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical
Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Maria Lunina
- Interdisciplinary
Graduate Program, Nanyang Technological
University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Pedro Ludwig Hernandez-Martinez
- LUMINOUS!
Center of Excellence for Semiconductor Lighting and Displays, The
Photonics Institute, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Vytautas Valuckas
- Institute
of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science,
Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Fei Yan
- LUMINOUS!
Center of Excellence for Semiconductor Lighting and Displays, The
Photonics Institute, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Yulia Lekina
- Division
of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical
Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Vijay Kumar Sharma
- LUMINOUS!
Center of Excellence for Semiconductor Lighting and Displays, The
Photonics Institute, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Tingting Yin
- Division
of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical
Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Son Tung Ha
- Institute
of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science,
Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Ze Xiang Shen
- Division
of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical
Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Handong Sun
- Division
of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical
Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Arseniy Kuznetsov
- Institute
of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science,
Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Hilmi Volkan Demir
- LUMINOUS!
Center of Excellence for Semiconductor Lighting and Displays, The
Photonics Institute, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
- Division
of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical
Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
- UNAM—Institute
of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, The National Nanotechnology
Research Center, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering,
Department of Physics, Bilkent University, Bilkent, Ankara 06800,Turkey
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Abstract
Lasers and optical amplifiers based on solution-processable materials have been long-desired devices for their compatibility with virtually any substrate, scalability, and ease of integration with on-chip photonics and electronics. These devices have been pursued across a wide range of materials including polymers, small molecules, perovskites, and chemically prepared colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals, also commonly referred to as colloidal quantum dots. The latter materials are especially attractive for implementing optical-gain media as in addition to being compatible with inexpensive and easily scalable chemical techniques, they offer multiple advantages derived from a zero-dimensional character of their electronic states. These include a size-tunable emission wavelength, low optical gain thresholds, and weak sensitivity of lasing characteristics to variations in temperature. Here we review the status of colloidal nanocrystal lasing devices, most recent advances in this field, outstanding challenges, and the ongoing progress toward technological viable devices including colloidal quantum dot laser diodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namyoung Ahn
- Nanotechnology and Advanced Spectroscopy Team, C-PCS, Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Clément Livache
- Nanotechnology and Advanced Spectroscopy Team, C-PCS, Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Valerio Pinchetti
- Nanotechnology and Advanced Spectroscopy Team, C-PCS, Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Victor I Klimov
- Nanotechnology and Advanced Spectroscopy Team, C-PCS, Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
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Rodà C, Di Giacomo A, Tasende Rodríguez LC, M CS, Leemans J, Hens Z, Geiregat P, Moreels I. Colloidal CdSe/CdS Core/Crown Nanoplatelets for Efficient Blue Light Emission and Optical Amplification. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:3224-3230. [PMID: 37125440 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c05061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The application of CdSe nanoplatelets (NPLs) in the ultraviolet/blue region remains an open challenge due to charge trapping typically leading to limited photoluminescence quantum efficiency (PL QE) and sub-bandgap emission in core-only NPLs. Here, we synthesized 3.5 monolayer core/crown CdSe/CdS NPLs with various crown dimensions, exhibiting saturated blue emission and PL QE up to 55%. Compared to core-only NPLs, the PL intensity decays monoexponentially over two decades due to suppressed deep trapping and delayed emission. In both core-only and core/crown NPLs we observe biexciton-mediated optical gain between 470 and 510 nm, with material gain coefficients up to 7900 cm-1 and consistently lower gain thresholds in crowned NPLs. Gain lifetimes are limited to 40 ps, due to residual ultrafast trapping and higher exciton densities at threshold. Our results provide guidelines for rational optimization of thin CdSe NPLs toward lighting and light-amplification applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmelita Rodà
- Physics and Chemistry of Nanostructures, Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S3, 9000 Gent, Belgium
- Center for Nano and Biophotonics, Ghent University, Technologiepark, Zwijnaarde 15, 9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Alessio Di Giacomo
- Physics and Chemistry of Nanostructures, Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S3, 9000 Gent, Belgium
- Center for Nano and Biophotonics, Ghent University, Technologiepark, Zwijnaarde 15, 9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Lucía Camila Tasende Rodríguez
- Physics and Chemistry of Nanostructures, Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S3, 9000 Gent, Belgium
- Center for Nano and Biophotonics, Ghent University, Technologiepark, Zwijnaarde 15, 9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Chandra Sekhar M
- Physics and Chemistry of Nanostructures, Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S3, 9000 Gent, Belgium
- Center for Nano and Biophotonics, Ghent University, Technologiepark, Zwijnaarde 15, 9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Jari Leemans
- Physics and Chemistry of Nanostructures, Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S3, 9000 Gent, Belgium
- Center for Nano and Biophotonics, Ghent University, Technologiepark, Zwijnaarde 15, 9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Zeger Hens
- Physics and Chemistry of Nanostructures, Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S3, 9000 Gent, Belgium
- Center for Nano and Biophotonics, Ghent University, Technologiepark, Zwijnaarde 15, 9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Pieter Geiregat
- Physics and Chemistry of Nanostructures, Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S3, 9000 Gent, Belgium
- Center for Nano and Biophotonics, Ghent University, Technologiepark, Zwijnaarde 15, 9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Iwan Moreels
- Physics and Chemistry of Nanostructures, Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S3, 9000 Gent, Belgium
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7
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Jang C, Kim K, Nho HW, Lee SM, Mubarok H, Han JH, Kim H, Lee D, Jang Y, Lee MH, Kwon OH, Kwak SK, Im WB, Song MH, Park J. Synthesis of Thermally Stable and Highly Luminescent Cs 5 Cu 3 Cl 6 I 2 Nanocrystals with Nonlinear Optical Response. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2206668. [PMID: 36703517 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202206668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Low-dimensional Cu(I)-based metal halide materials are gaining attention due to their low toxicity, high stability and unique luminescence mechanism, which is mediated by self-trapped excitons (STEs). Among them, Cs5 Cu3 Cl6 I2 , which emits blue light, is a promising candidate for applications as a next-generation blue-emitting material. In this article, an optimized colloidal process to synthesize uniform Cs5 Cu3 Cl6 I2 nanocrystals (NCs) with a superior quantum yield (QY) is proposed. In addition, precise control of the synthesis parameters, enabling anisotropic growth and emission wavelength shifting is demonstrated. The synthesized Cs5 Cu3 Cl6 I2 NCs have an excellent photoluminescence (PL) retention rate, even at high temperature, and exhibit high stability over multiple heating-cooling cycles under ambient conditions. Moreover, under 850-nm femtosecond laser irradiation, the NCs exhibit three-photon absorption (3PA)-induced PL, highlighting the possibility of utilizing their nonlinear optical properties. Such thermally stable and highly luminescent Cs5 Cu3 Cl6 I2 NCs with nonlinear optical properties overcome the limitations of conventional blue-emitting nanomaterials. These findings provide insights into the mechanism of the colloidal synthesis of Cs5 Cu3 Cl6 I2 NCs and a foundation for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhee Jang
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Kangyong Kim
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Hak-Won Nho
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
- Center for Soft and Living Matter, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Min Lee
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanif Mubarok
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, 44610, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Hyeong Han
- Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeonjung Kim
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongryeol Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Yangpil Jang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Hyung Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, 44610, Republic of Korea
| | - Oh-Hoon Kwon
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
- Center for Soft and Living Matter, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Kyu Kwak
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Bin Im
- Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung Hoon Song
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongnam Park
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
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Diroll BT, Guzelturk B, Po H, Dabard C, Fu N, Makke L, Lhuillier E, Ithurria S. 2D II-VI Semiconductor Nanoplatelets: From Material Synthesis to Optoelectronic Integration. Chem Rev 2023; 123:3543-3624. [PMID: 36724544 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The field of colloidal synthesis of semiconductors emerged 40 years ago and has reached a certain level of maturity thanks to the use of nanocrystals as phosphors in commercial displays. In particular, II-VI semiconductors based on cadmium, zinc, or mercury chalcogenides can now be synthesized with tailored shapes, composition by alloying, and even as nanocrystal heterostructures. Fifteen years ago, II-VI semiconductor nanoplatelets injected new ideas into this field. Indeed, despite the emergence of other promising semiconductors such as halide perovskites or 2D transition metal dichalcogenides, colloidal II-VI semiconductor nanoplatelets remain among the narrowest room-temperature emitters that can be synthesized over a wide spectral range, and they exhibit good material stability over time. Such nanoplatelets are scientifically and technologically interesting because they exhibit optical features and production advantages at the intersection of those expected from colloidal quantum dots and epitaxial quantum wells. In organic solvents, gram-scale syntheses can produce nanoparticles with the same thicknesses and optical properties without inhomogeneous broadening. In such nanoplatelets, quantum confinement is limited to one dimension, defined at the atomic scale, which allows them to be treated as quantum wells. In this review, we discuss the synthetic developments, spectroscopic properties, and applications of such nanoplatelets. Covering growth mechanisms, we explain how a thorough understanding of nanoplatelet growth has enabled the development of nanoplatelets and heterostructured nanoplatelets with multiple emission colors, spatially localized excitations, narrow emission, and high quantum yields over a wide spectral range. Moreover, nanoplatelets, with their large lateral extension and their thin short axis and low dielectric surroundings, can support one or several electron-hole pairs with large exciton binding energies. Thus, we also discuss how the relaxation processes and lifetime of the carriers and excitons are modified in nanoplatelets compared to both spherical quantum dots and epitaxial quantum wells. Finally, we explore how nanoplatelets, with their strong and narrow emission, can be considered as ideal candidates for pure-color light emitting diodes (LEDs), strong gain media for lasers, or for use in luminescent light concentrators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin T Diroll
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Burak Guzelturk
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Hong Po
- Laboratoire de Physique et d'Etude des Matériaux, ESPCI-Paris, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Université Univ Paris 06, CNRS UMR 8213, 10 rue Vauquelin 75005 Paris, France
| | - Corentin Dabard
- Laboratoire de Physique et d'Etude des Matériaux, ESPCI-Paris, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Université Univ Paris 06, CNRS UMR 8213, 10 rue Vauquelin 75005 Paris, France
| | - Ningyuan Fu
- Laboratoire de Physique et d'Etude des Matériaux, ESPCI-Paris, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Université Univ Paris 06, CNRS UMR 8213, 10 rue Vauquelin 75005 Paris, France
| | - Lina Makke
- Laboratoire de Physique et d'Etude des Matériaux, ESPCI-Paris, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Université Univ Paris 06, CNRS UMR 8213, 10 rue Vauquelin 75005 Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Lhuillier
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut des NanoSciences de Paris, INSP, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Sandrine Ithurria
- Laboratoire de Physique et d'Etude des Matériaux, ESPCI-Paris, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Université Univ Paris 06, CNRS UMR 8213, 10 rue Vauquelin 75005 Paris, France
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9
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Schiettecatte P, Hens Z, Geiregat P. A roadmap to decipher ultrafast photophysics in two-dimensional nanomaterials. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:014202. [PMID: 36610952 DOI: 10.1063/5.0134962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Atomically thin two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors are extensively investigated for optoelectronic applications that require strong light-matter interactions. In view of such applications, it is essential to understand how (photo)excitation alters the non-linear optical response of these materials under high carrier density conditions. Broadband transient absorption (TA) spectroscopy is by now a widely used tool to study the semiconductor physics in such highly excited systems. However, the complex interplay between different many-body interactions in 2D materials produces highly congested spectral information and an ensuing non-trivial non-linear photo-response, thereby masking the desired intrinsic photophysics. Herein, we outline a concise roadmap for analyzing such congested datasets based on examples of TA analysis of various 2D materials. In particular, we emphasize the synergy between an initial qualitative understanding of the transient photo-response based on line shapes and their derivatives and a consequent quantitative spectral deconvolution backed by such insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter Schiettecatte
- Physics and Chemistry of Nanostructures, Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Zeger Hens
- Physics and Chemistry of Nanostructures, Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Pieter Geiregat
- Physics and Chemistry of Nanostructures, Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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10
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VanOrman ZA, Weiss R, Bieber AS, Chen B, Nienhaus L. Mechanistic insight into CdSe nanoplatelet-sensitized upconversion: size and stacking induced effects. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:322-325. [PMID: 36511180 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc04694f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
CdSe nanoplatelets (NPLs) have been reported as triplet sensitizers for photon upconversion (UC). However, their UC quantum yields lag behind more conventional systems. Here, we take advantage of their one-dimensional quantum confinement to decouple effects caused by the energetic driving force and lateral size. A surprising anti-correlation between the power threshold Ith and the UC quantum yield based on the NPL size is found. We attribute this result to two distinct triplet-triplet annihilation mechanisms based on the NPL lateral dimension and degree of NPL stacking-mediated either by molecular diffusion or triplet energy diffusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary A VanOrman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA.
| | - Rachel Weiss
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA.
| | - Alexander S Bieber
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA.
| | - Banghao Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA.
| | - Lea Nienhaus
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA.
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11
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Bai B, Zhang C, Dou Y, Kong L, Wang L, Wang S, Li J, Zhou Y, Liu L, Liu B, Zhang X, Hadar I, Bekenstein Y, Wang A, Yin Z, Turyanska L, Feldmann J, Yang X, Jia G. Atomically flat semiconductor nanoplatelets for light-emitting applications. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:318-360. [PMID: 36533300 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00130f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The last decade has witnessed extensive breakthroughs and significant progress in atomically flat two-dimensional (2D) semiconductor nanoplatelets (NPLs) in terms of synthesis, growth mechanisms, optical and electronic properties and practical applications. Such NPLs have electronic structures similar to those of quantum wells in which excitons are predominantly confined along the vertical direction, while electrons are free to move in the lateral directions, resulting in unique optical properties, such as extremely narrow emission line width, short photoluminescence (PL) lifetime, high gain coefficient, and giant oscillator strength transition (GOST). These unique optical properties make NPLs favorable for high color purity light-emitting applications, in particular in light-emitting diodes (LEDs), backlights for liquid crystal displays (LCDs) and lasers. This review article first introduces the intrinsic characteristics of 2D semiconductor NPLs with atomic flatness. Subsequently, the approaches and mechanisms for the controlled synthesis of atomically flat NPLs are summarized followed by an insight on recent progress in the mediation of core/shell, core/crown and core/crown@shell structures by selective epitaxial growth of passivation layers on different planes of NPLs. Moreover, an overview of the unique optical properties and the associated light-emitting applications is elaborated. Despite great progress in this research field, there are some issues relating to heavy metal elements such as Cd2+ in NPLs, and the ambiguous gain mechanisms of NPLs and others are the main obstacles that prevent NPLs from widespread applications. Therefore, a perspective is included at the end of this review article, in which the current challenges in this stimulating research field are discussed and possible solutions to tackle these challenges are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Bai
- Key Lab for Special Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for High-Efficiency Display and Lighting Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Nano Functional Materials and Applications, Henaon University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Chengxi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Display and System Applications of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200072, China.
| | - Yongjiang Dou
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Display and System Applications of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200072, China.
| | - Lingmei Kong
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Display and System Applications of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200072, China.
| | - Lin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Display and System Applications of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200072, China.
| | - Sheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Display and System Applications of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200072, China.
| | - Jun Li
- Key Lab for Special Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for High-Efficiency Display and Lighting Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Nano Functional Materials and Applications, Henaon University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Key Lab for Special Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for High-Efficiency Display and Lighting Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Nano Functional Materials and Applications, Henaon University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Long Liu
- Key Lab for Special Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for High-Efficiency Display and Lighting Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Nano Functional Materials and Applications, Henaon University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Baiquan Liu
- School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin Provincial International Cooperation Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Clean Energy Materials, Electron Microscopy Center, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Ido Hadar
- Institute of Chemistry, and the Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Yehonadav Bekenstein
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Aixiang Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi 276005, P. R. China
| | - Zongyou Yin
- Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Lyudmila Turyanska
- Faculty of Engineering, The University of Nottingham, Additive Manufacturing Building, Jubilee Campus, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Jochen Feldmann
- Chair for Photonics and Optoelectronics, Nano-Institute Munich and Department of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Königinstr. 10, Munich 80539, Germany
| | - Xuyong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Display and System Applications of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200072, China.
| | - Guohua Jia
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia.
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12
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Anand A, Zaffalon ML, Cova F, Pinchetti V, Khan AH, Carulli F, Brescia R, Meinardi F, Moreels I, Brovelli S. Optical and Scintillation Properties of Record-Efficiency CdTe Nanoplatelets toward Radiation Detection Applications. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:8900-8907. [PMID: 36331389 PMCID: PMC9706671 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c02975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal CdTe nanoplatelets featuring a large absorption coefficient and ultrafast tunable luminescence coupled with heavy-metal-based composition present themselves as highly desirable candidates for radiation detection technologies. Historically, however, these nanoplatelets have suffered from poor emission efficiency, hindering progress in exploring their technological potential. Here, we report the synthesis of CdTe nanoplatelets possessing a record emission efficiency of 9%. This enables us to investigate their fundamental photophysics using ultrafast transient absorption, temperature-controlled photoluminescence, and radioluminescence measurements, elucidating the origins of exciton- and defect-related phenomena under both optical and ionizing excitation. For the first time in CdTe nanoplatelets, we report the cumulative effects of a giant oscillator strength transition and exciton fine structure. Simultaneously, thermally stimulated luminescence measurements reveal the presence of both shallow and deep trap states and allow us to disclose the trapping and detrapping dynamics and their influence on the scintillation properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhinav Anand
- Dipartimento
di Scienza dei Materiali, Università
degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, via R. Cozzi 55, 20125Milano, Italy
| | - Matteo L. Zaffalon
- Dipartimento
di Scienza dei Materiali, Università
degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, via R. Cozzi 55, 20125Milano, Italy
| | - Francesca Cova
- Dipartimento
di Scienza dei Materiali, Università
degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, via R. Cozzi 55, 20125Milano, Italy
| | - Valerio Pinchetti
- Dipartimento
di Scienza dei Materiali, Università
degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, via R. Cozzi 55, 20125Milano, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Carulli
- Dipartimento
di Scienza dei Materiali, Università
degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, via R. Cozzi 55, 20125Milano, Italy
| | - Rosaria Brescia
- Electron
Microscopy Facility, Istituto Italiano di
Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163Genova, Italy
| | - Francesco Meinardi
- Dipartimento
di Scienza dei Materiali, Università
degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, via R. Cozzi 55, 20125Milano, Italy
| | - Iwan Moreels
- Department
of Chemistry, Ghent University, 9000Ghent, Belgium
- Electron
Microscopy Facility, Istituto Italiano di
Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163Genova, Italy
| | - Sergio Brovelli
- Dipartimento
di Scienza dei Materiali, Università
degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, via R. Cozzi 55, 20125Milano, Italy
- Electron
Microscopy Facility, Istituto Italiano di
Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163Genova, Italy
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13
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Nguyen KA, Pachter R, Day PN. Theoretical Investigation of the Electronic Spectra of Cadmium Chalcogenide 2D Nanoplatelets. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:8818-8825. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c05253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kiet A. Nguyen
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio45433, United States
- UES, Inc., Dayton, Ohio45432, United States
| | - Ruth Pachter
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio45433, United States
| | - Paul N. Day
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio45433, United States
- UES, Inc., Dayton, Ohio45432, United States
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14
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Hu A, Bai P, Zhu Y, Tang Z, Xiao L, Gao Y. Controlled Core/Crown Growth Enables Blue-Emitting Colloidal Nanoplatelets with Efficient and Pure Photoluminescence. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2204120. [PMID: 36135780 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202204120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal semiconductor CdSe nanoplatelets (NPLs) feature ultranarrow and anisotropic emissions. However, the optical performance of blue-emitting NPLs is deteriorated by trap states, currently exhibiting tainted emissions and inferior photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs). Here, near trap-free blue-emitting NPLs are achieved by the controlled growth of the core/crown. Deep trap states in NPLs can be partially suppressed with the asymmetrical crown growth and are further suppressed with the growth of the small core and the alloyed symmetrical crown, yielding NPLs with pure blue emissions and near-unity PLQYs. Exciton dynamic research based on these NPLs indicates that the trap emission stems from surface traps. Besides, light-emitting diodes exhibiting ultranarrow emission centered around 461 nm with full-width-at-half-maximums down to 11 nm are fabricated using these NPLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- An Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Peng Bai
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Yunke Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Zhenyu Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Lixin Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Yunan Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
- Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, P. R. China
- Peking University Yangtze Delta Institute of Optoelectronics, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226010, P. R. China
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15
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Bai H, Huang Z, Zhang L. Ultrathin scroll-like CdSe/CdS core/crown heteronanoplatelets: Colloidal synthesis and properties. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.129180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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16
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Macias-Pinilla DF, Planelles J, Climente JI. Biexcitons in CdSe nanoplatelets: geometry, binding energy and radiative rate. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:8493-8500. [PMID: 35662303 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr01354a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Biexciton properties in semiconductor nanostructures are highly sensitive to quantum confinement, relative electron-hole masses, dielectric environment and Coulomb correlations. Here we present a variational Quantum Monte Carlo model which, coupled to effective mass Hamiltonians, takes into account all of the above effects. The model is used to provide theoretical assessment on the biexciton ground state properties in colloidal CdSe nanoplatelets. A number of characteristic features is observed: (i) the finite thickness of these systems makes the biexciton geometry depart from the planar square expected in the two-dimensional (2D) limit, and form a distorted tetrahedron instead; (ii) the strong dielectric confinement enhances not only Coulomb attractions but also repulsions, which lowers the ratio of the biexciton-to-exciton binding energy down to EXXb/EXb = 0.07. (iii) EXXb is less sensitive than EXb to lateral confinement, and yet it can reach values above 30 meV, thus granting room temperature stability; (iv) the ratio of biexciton-to-exciton radiative rates, kradXX/kradX, decreases from 3.5 to ∼1 as the platelet area increases. These results pave the way for the rational design of biexciton properties in metal chalcogenide nanoplatelets.
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Affiliation(s)
- David F Macias-Pinilla
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM), Universitat Jaume I, Av. Sos Baynat, s/n, 12071 Castelló, Spain
- Departament de Química Física i Analítica, Universitat Jaume I, Av. Sos Baynat, s/n, 12071 Castelló, Spain.
| | - Josep Planelles
- Departament de Química Física i Analítica, Universitat Jaume I, Av. Sos Baynat, s/n, 12071 Castelló, Spain.
| | - Juan I Climente
- Departament de Química Física i Analítica, Universitat Jaume I, Av. Sos Baynat, s/n, 12071 Castelló, Spain.
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17
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van der Bok J, Prins PT, Montanarella F, Maaskant DN, Brzesowsky FA, van der Sluijs MM, Salzmann BBV, Rabouw FT, Petukhov AV, De Mello Donega C, Vanmaekelbergh D, Meijerink A. In Situ Optical and X-ray Spectroscopy Reveals Evolution toward Mature CdSe Nanoplatelets by Synergetic Action of Myristate and Acetate Ligands. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:8096-8105. [PMID: 35482030 PMCID: PMC9100465 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c00423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The growth of two-dimensional platelets of the CdX family (X = S, Se, or Te) in an organic solvent requires the presence of both long- and short-chain ligands. This results in nanoplatelets of atomically precise thickness and long-chain ligand-stabilized Cd top and bottom surfaces. The platelets show a bright and spectrally pure luminescence. Despite the enormous interest in CdX platelets for optoelectronics, the growth mechanism is not fully understood. Riedinger et al. studied the reaction without a solvent and showed the favorable role for short-chain carboxylates for growth in two dimensions. Their model, based on the total energy of island nucleation, shows favored side facet growth versus growth on the top and bottom surfaces. However, several aspects of the synthesis under realistic conditions are not yet understood: Why are both short- and long-chain ligands required to obtain platelets? Why does the synthesis result in both isotropic nanocrystals and platelets? At which stage of the reaction is there bifurcation between isotropic and 2D growth? Here, we report an in situ study of the CdSe nanoplatelet reaction under practical synthesis conditions. We show that without short-chain ligands, both isotropic and mini-nanoplatelets form in the early stage of the process. However, most remaining precursors are consumed in isotropic growth. Addition of acetate induces a dramatic shift toward nearly exclusive 2D growth of already existing mini-nanoplatelets. Hence, although myristate stabilizes mini-nanoplatelets, mature nanoplatelets only grow by a subtle interplay between myristate and acetate, the latter catalyzes fast lateral growth of the side facets of the mini-nanoplatelets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna
C. van der Bok
- Debye
Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht
University, CS Utrecht 3584, The Netherlands
| | - P. Tim Prins
- Debye
Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht
University, CS Utrecht 3584, The Netherlands
| | - Federico Montanarella
- Debye
Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht
University, CS Utrecht 3584, The Netherlands
| | - D. Nicolette Maaskant
- Debye
Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht
University, CS Utrecht 3584, The Netherlands
| | - Floor A. Brzesowsky
- Debye
Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht
University, CS Utrecht 3584, The Netherlands
| | | | - Bastiaan B. V. Salzmann
- Debye
Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht
University, CS Utrecht 3584, The Netherlands
| | - Freddy T. Rabouw
- Debye
Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht
University, CS Utrecht 3584, The Netherlands
| | - Andrei V. Petukhov
- Debye
Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht
University, CS Utrecht 3584, The Netherlands
- Laboratory
of Physical Chemistry, Eindhoven University
of Technology, AZ Eindhoven 5612, The Netherlands
| | - Celso De Mello Donega
- Debye
Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht
University, CS Utrecht 3584, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel Vanmaekelbergh
- Debye
Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht
University, CS Utrecht 3584, The Netherlands
| | - Andries Meijerink
- Debye
Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht
University, CS Utrecht 3584, The Netherlands
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18
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Guillemeney L, Lermusiaux L, Landaburu G, Wagnon B, Abécassis B. Curvature and self-assembly of semi-conducting nanoplatelets. Commun Chem 2022; 5:7. [PMID: 36697722 PMCID: PMC9814859 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-021-00621-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Semi-conducting nanoplatelets are two-dimensional nanoparticles whose thickness is in the nanometer range and controlled at the atomic level. They have come up as a new category of nanomaterial with promising optical properties due to the efficient confinement of the exciton in the thickness direction. In this perspective, we first describe the various conformations of these 2D nanoparticles which display a variety of bent and curved geometries and present experimental evidences linking their curvature to the ligand-induced surface stress. We then focus on the assembly of nanoplatelets into superlattices to harness the particularly efficient energy transfer between them, and discuss different approaches that allow for directional control and positioning in large scale assemblies. We emphasize on the fundamental aspects of the assembly at the colloidal scale in which ligand-induced forces and kinetic effects play a dominant role. Finally, we highlight the collective properties that can be studied when a fine control over the assembly of nanoplatelets is achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilian Guillemeney
- grid.463879.70000 0004 0383 1432Univ. Lyon, ENS de Lyon, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie, 69342 Lyon, France
| | - Laurent Lermusiaux
- grid.463879.70000 0004 0383 1432Univ. Lyon, ENS de Lyon, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie, 69342 Lyon, France
| | - Guillaume Landaburu
- grid.463879.70000 0004 0383 1432Univ. Lyon, ENS de Lyon, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie, 69342 Lyon, France
| | - Benoit Wagnon
- grid.463879.70000 0004 0383 1432Univ. Lyon, ENS de Lyon, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie, 69342 Lyon, France
| | - Benjamin Abécassis
- grid.463879.70000 0004 0383 1432Univ. Lyon, ENS de Lyon, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie, 69342 Lyon, France
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19
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Shornikova EV, Yakovlev DR, Gippius NA, Qiang G, Dubertret B, Khan AH, Di Giacomo A, Moreels I, Bayer M. Exciton Binding Energy in CdSe Nanoplatelets Measured by One- and Two-Photon Absorption. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:10525-10531. [PMID: 34874734 PMCID: PMC8886564 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c04159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal semiconductor nanoplatelets exhibit strong quantum confinement for electrons and holes as well as excitons in one dimension, while their in-plane motion is free. Because of the large dielectric contrast between the semiconductor and its ligand environment, the Coulomb interaction between electrons and holes is strongly enhanced. By means of one- and two-photon photoluminescence excitation spectroscopy, we measure the energies of the 1S and 1P exciton states in CdSe nanoplatelets with thicknesses varied from 3 up to 7 monolayers. By comparison with calculations, performed in the effective mass approximation with account of the dielectric enhancement, we evaluate exciton binding energies of 195-315 meV, which is about 20 times greater than that in bulk CdSe. Our calculations of the effective Coulomb potential for very thin nanoplatelets are close to the Rytova-Keldysh model, and the exciton binding energies are comparable with the values reported for monolayer-thick transition metal dichalcogenides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena V. Shornikova
- Experimentelle
Physik 2, Technische Universität
Dortmund, 44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Dmitri R. Yakovlev
- Experimentelle
Physik 2, Technische Universität
Dortmund, 44221 Dortmund, Germany
- Ioffe
Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194 021 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - Gang Qiang
- Experimentelle
Physik 2, Technische Universität
Dortmund, 44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Benoit Dubertret
- Laboratoire
de Physique et d’Etude des Matériaux, ESPCI, CNRS, 75231 Paris, France
| | | | | | - Iwan Moreels
- Department
of Chemistry, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Manfred Bayer
- Experimentelle
Physik 2, Technische Universität
Dortmund, 44221 Dortmund, Germany
- Ioffe
Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194 021 St. Petersburg, Russia
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20
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Samadi Khoshkhoo M, Prudnikau A, Chashmejahanbin MR, Helbig R, Lesnyak V, Cuniberti G. Multicolor Patterning of 2D Semiconductor Nanoplatelets. ACS NANO 2021; 15:17623-17634. [PMID: 34665592 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c05400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nanocrystal micro/nanoarrays with multiplexed functionalities are of broad interest in the field of nanophotonics, cellular dynamics, and biosensing due to their tunable electrical and optical properties. This work focuses on the multicolor patterning of two-dimensional nanoplatelets (NPLs) via two sequential self-assembly and direct electron-beam lithography steps. By using scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and fluorescence microscopy, we demonstrate the successful fabrication of fluorescent nanoarrays with a thickness of only two or three monolayers (7-11 nm) and a feature line width of ∼40 nm, which is three to four NPLs wide. To this end, first, large-area thin films of red-emitting CdSe/ZnyCd1-yS and green-emitting CdSe1-xSx/ZnyCd1-yS core/shell NPLs are fabricated based on Langmuir-type self-assembly at the liquid/air interface. By varying the concentration of ligands in the subphase, we investigate the effect of interaction potential on the film's final characteristics to prepare thin superlattices suitable for the patterning step. Equipped with the ability to fabricate a uniform superlattice with a controlled thickness, we next perform nanopatterning on a thin film of NPLs utilizing a direct electron-beam lithography (EBL) technique. The effect of acceleration voltage, aperture size, and e-beam dosage on the nanopattern's resolution and fidelity is investigated for both of the presented NPLs. After successfully optimizing EBL parameters to fabricate single-color nanopatterns, we finally focus on fabricating multicolor patterns. The obtained micro/nanoarrays provide us with an innovative experimental platform to investigate biological interactions as well as Förster resonance energy transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Samadi Khoshkhoo
- Institute of Materials Science and Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01062, Germany
| | - Anatol Prudnikau
- Physical Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Zellescher Weg 19, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Mohammad Reza Chashmejahanbin
- Institute of Materials Science and Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01062, Germany
| | - Ralf Helbig
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden and Max-Bergmann Center for Biomaterials, Hohe Straße 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Vladimir Lesnyak
- Physical Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Zellescher Weg 19, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Gianaurelio Cuniberti
- Institute of Materials Science and Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01062, Germany
- Dresden Center for Intelligent Materials (DCIM), Technische Universität Dresden, School of Engineering Sciences, 01069 Dresden, Germany
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21
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Nguyen KA, Pachter R, Day PN. Theoretical analysis of structures and electronic spectra of molecular colloidal cadmium sulfide clusters and nanoplatelets. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:094302. [PMID: 34496584 DOI: 10.1063/5.0057089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we systematically examine structures and absorption spectra for CdS nanoplatelets (NPLs) with thicknesses of two and three monolayers (2 MLs and 3 MLs) and extended lateral dimensions. These nanoplatelet model systems, passivated with formate and acetate ligands, are used to analyze the effects of quantum confinement in the lateral dimension within an extended monolayer and the effects of thickness when changing from two to three monolayers. Based on the computed cubic structures using density functional theory (DFT), we found good agreement between observed and time-dependent DFT-calculated spectra, revealing little ligand participation to influence the color and intensity of low-energy absorption bands as the structures are laterally extended to eight and seven monolayers for 2-ML and 3-ML systems, respectively. The spectral redshift for 3-ML CdS NPLs is attributed to the electron delocalization due to expansion of the nanoplatelet in the lateral and vertical directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiet A Nguyen
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433, USA
| | - Ruth Pachter
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433, USA
| | - Paul N Day
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433, USA
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