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Ban XX, Wan H, Wan XX, Tan YT, Hu XM, Ban HX, Chen XY, Huang K, Zhang Q, Xiong K. Copper Metabolism and Cuproptosis: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Perspectives in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Curr Med Sci 2024; 44:28-50. [PMID: 38336987 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-024-2832-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Copper is an essential trace element, and plays a vital role in numerous physiological processes within the human body. During normal metabolism, the human body maintains copper homeostasis. Copper deficiency or excess can adversely affect cellular function. Therefore, copper homeostasis is stringently regulated. Recent studies suggest that copper can trigger a specific form of cell death, namely, cuproptosis, which is triggered by excessive levels of intracellular copper. Cuproptosis induces the aggregation of mitochondrial lipoylated proteins, and the loss of iron-sulfur cluster proteins. In neurodegenerative diseases, the pathogenesis and progression of neurological disorders are linked to copper homeostasis. This review summarizes the advances in copper homeostasis and cuproptosis in the nervous system and neurodegenerative diseases. This offers research perspectives that provide new insights into the targeted treatment of neurodegenerative diseases based on cuproptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xia Ban
- Department of Human Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, 430013, China
| | - Hao Wan
- Department of Human Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, 430013, China
| | - Xin-Xing Wan
- Department of Endocrinology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 430013, China
| | - Ya-Ting Tan
- Department of Human Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, 430013, China
| | - Xi-Min Hu
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 430013, China
| | - Hong-Xia Ban
- Affiliated Hospital, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010050, China
| | - Xin-Yu Chen
- Department of Human Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, 430013, China
| | - Kun Huang
- Department of Human Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, 430013, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Human Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, 430013, China.
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China.
| | - Kun Xiong
- Department of Human Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, 430013, China.
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China.
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Changsha, 430013, China.
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Kawahara M, Kato-Negishi M, Tanaka KI. Dietary Trace Elements and the Pathogenesis of Neurodegenerative Diseases. Nutrients 2023; 15:2067. [PMID: 37432185 DOI: 10.3390/nu15092067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Trace elements such as iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), and manganese (Mn) are absorbed from food via the gastrointestinal tract, transported into the brain, and play central roles in normal brain functions. An excess of these trace elements often produces reactive oxygen species and damages the brain. Moreover, increasing evidence suggests that the dyshomeostasis of these metals is involved in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, prion diseases, and Lewy body diseases. The disease-related amyloidogenic proteins can regulate metal homeostasis at the synapses, and thus loss of the protective functions of these amyloidogenic proteins causes neurodegeneration. Meanwhile, metal-induced conformational changes of the amyloidogenic proteins contribute to enhancing their neurotoxicity. Moreover, excess Zn and Cu play central roles in the pathogenesis of vascular-type senile dementia. Here, we present an overview of the intake, absorption, and transport of four essential elements (Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn) and one non-essential element (aluminum: Al) in food and their connections with the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases based on metal-protein, and metal-metal cross-talk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Kawahara
- Department of Bio-Analytical Chemistry, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Musashino University, Tokyo 202-8585, Japan
| | - Midori Kato-Negishi
- Department of Bio-Analytical Chemistry, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Musashino University, Tokyo 202-8585, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichiro Tanaka
- Department of Bio-Analytical Chemistry, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Musashino University, Tokyo 202-8585, Japan
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Wu M, Wang C, Ke L, Chen D, Qin Y, Han J. Correlation between copper speciation and transport pathway in Caco-2 cells. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2023; 103:1895-1900. [PMID: 36287610 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have demonstrated that, in contrast to the properties of food-derived copper, water-derived copper exerts neurotoxic effects and exhibits different speciation during digestion. The cellular uptake efficiencies of different speciation of copper are distinct. However, it is unclear whether these different speciation share the same transport pathway in intestinal epithelial cells. In the present study, the intracellular accumulation of copper derived from copper ion and copper complex solutions was investigated in Caco-2 cells. RESULTS The cellular accumulation of copper derived from copper ions was higher than that of copper derived from the copper complex. Treatment with carboplatin and Ag+ , which are copper transporter receptor 1 (Ctr1, LC31A1) inhibitors, did not inhibit copper accumulation in Caco-2 cells, but inhibited copper accumulation in HepG2 cells. Zinc ion significantly decreased the intracellular copper content from 114 ± 7 μg g-1 protein to 88 ± 4 μg g-1 protein in the copper ion-treated Caco-2 cells, but not in the copper complex-treated Caco-2 cells (84.6 ± 14 μg g-1 protein versus 87.7 ± 20 μg g-1 protein, P > 0.05). Additionally, copper accumulation in Caco-2 and HepG2 cells significantly differed depending on different solvents (Hanks' balanced salt solution and NaNO3 , P < 0.05). CONCLUSION These results indicate that the intracellular accumulation of copper derived from copper ion and copper complex is mediated by distinct copper transport pathways. Copper speciation may be an important factor that affects copper absorption and toxicity. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wu
- Hangzhou Vocational and Technical College, Ecology and Health Institute, Hangzhou, China
- Food Nutrition Science Centre, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cong Wang
- Hangzhou Vocational and Technical College, Ecology and Health Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Leqin Ke
- Hangzhou Vocational and Technical College, Ecology and Health Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dewen Chen
- Hangzhou Vocational and Technical College, Ecology and Health Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yumei Qin
- Food Nutrition Science Centre, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
- Food Safety Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianzhong Han
- Food Nutrition Science Centre, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
- Food Safety Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
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Isibor H, Ajayi AM, Ben-Azu B, Omeiza NA, Ademola AP, Umukoro S. D-ribose-L-cysteine reduces oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines to mitigate liver damage, and memory decline induced by copper sulfate in mice. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2022; 73:127001. [PMID: 35617721 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2022.127001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current evidences have implicated copper in amyloid aggregation that trigger the downstream oxidative stress-mediated neuroinflammation that characterized memory deterioration in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Thus, this study was designed to evaluate the effect of D-Ribose-L-Cysteine (DRLC), a potent antioxidant agent, on copper sulfate (CuSO4)-induced memory deterioration and the biochemical mechanisms underpinning its action in mice. METHODS Male Swiss mice were randomly distributed into 5 groups (n = 10/group). Mice in group 1 were given distilled water (control), group 2 CuSO4 (100 mg/kg) while groups 3-5 were pretreated with CuSO4 (100 mg/kg) 30 min before administration of DRLC (10, 25 and 50 mg/kg). Treatments were given through oral gavage, daily for 28 days. Memory function was evaluated on day 28 using Y-maze test. The isolated liver and brain tissues were then processed for oxidative stress biomarkers, and proinflammatory cytokines [tumor necrosis factor- α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6)] assays. Brian acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and liver enzymes [aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities were also determined. RESULTS DRLC reversed memory impairment and dysregulated levels of malondialdehyde, glutathione, nitrite and glutathione S-transferase in the liver and brain tissues of mice pretreated with CuSO4. The increased proinflammatory cytokines concentrations in the liver and brain tissues of mice pretreated with CuSO4 were reduced by DRLC. The elevated brain AChE and liver enzymes activities induced by CuSO4 were also reduced by DRLC. CONCLUSION Taken together, these findings suggest that DRLC attenuates CuSO4-induced memory dysfunctions in mice through enhancement of antioxidative pathway, inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines and augmentation of liver function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Happy Isibor
- Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Abayomi Mayowa Ajayi
- Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Benneth Ben-Azu
- Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Delta University, Abraka, Nigeria
| | - Noah Adavize Omeiza
- Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Adeleke Paul Ademola
- Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Solomon Umukoro
- Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria.
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Coelho FC, Cerchiaro G, Araújo SES, Daher JPL, Cardoso SA, Coelho GF, Guimarães AG. Is There a Connection between the Metabolism of Copper, Sulfur, and Molybdenum in Alzheimer’s Disease? New Insights on Disease Etiology. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147935. [PMID: 35887282 PMCID: PMC9324259 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and other forms of dementia was ranked 3rd in both the Americas and Europe in 2019 in a World Health Organization (WHO) publication listing the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. Copper (Cu) imbalance has been reported in AD and increasing evidence suggests metal imbalance, including molybdenum (Mo), as a potential link with AD occurrence.We conducted an extensive literature review of the last 60 years of research on AD and its relationship with Cu, sulfur (S), and Mo at out of range levels.Weanalyzed the interactions among metallic elements’ metabolisms;Cu and Mo are biological antagonists, Mo is a sulfite oxidase and xanthine oxidase co-factor, and their low activities impair S metabolism and reduce uric acid, respectively. We found significant evidence in the literature of a new potential mechanism linking Cu imbalance to Mo and S abnormalities in AD etiology: under certain circumstances, the accumulation of Cu not bound to ceruloplasmin might affect the transport of Mo outside the blood vessels, causing a mild Mo deficiency that might lowerthe activity of Mo and S enzymes essential for neuronal activity. The current review provides an updated discussion of the plausible mechanisms combining Cu, S, and Mo alterations in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fábio Cunha Coelho
- Laboratório de Fitotecnia (LFIT), Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro—UENF, Campos dos Goytacazes 28013-602, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-22-998509469
| | - Giselle Cerchiaro
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Av. dos Estados, 5001, Bl. B, Santo André 09210-170, Brazil;
| | - Sheila Espírito Santo Araújo
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Tecidual (LBCT), Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro—UENF, Campos dos Goytacazes 28013-602, Brazil; (S.E.S.A.); (A.G.G.)
| | - João Paulo Lima Daher
- Departamento de Patologia, Hospital Universitário Antônio Pedro, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói 24210-350, Brazil;
| | - Silvia Almeida Cardoso
- Departamento de Medicina e Enfermagem (DEM), Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36579-900, Brazil;
| | - Gustavo Fialho Coelho
- Instituto de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Macaé 27930-560, Brazil;
| | - Arthur Giraldi Guimarães
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Tecidual (LBCT), Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro—UENF, Campos dos Goytacazes 28013-602, Brazil; (S.E.S.A.); (A.G.G.)
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Karthik V, Karuna B, Kumar PS, Saravanan A, Hemavathy RV. Development of lab-on-chip biosensor for the detection of toxic heavy metals: A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 299:134427. [PMID: 35358561 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Recently, a decrease in water availability and quality has been raised due to rapid industrialization, unsustainable agricultural activities and anthropogenic activities. Heavy metals are considered significant pollutants in the water environment, cause environmental hazards and health effects to humans. For monitoring water contaminants utilized different conventional techniques. Still, they have some drawbacks, such as cost expensive, ecological issues, and processing time, requiring technicians and researchers to operate them effectively. Biosensors have become reasonable devices for screening and identifying environmental contaminants because of their different benefits contrasted with other detecting techniques. This review summarizes the toxic effect of heavy metal and their source, occurrence. A detailed discussion is provided on the heavy metal recognition materials for detecting heavy metals in wastewater. Lab on chip (LOC) is an emerging micro-electrical mechanical system (MEMS) device that intakes liquid and makes it move through the micro-channels, to accomplish fast, cost-effective and profoundly sensitive analysis with significant yield. LOC also provided a discussion on numerous laboratory functions on a single platform. This article attempts to discuss the detection of heavy metals using lab on a chip by suitable recognition materials. Further, the design and fabrication mechanism and their recognition abilities of LOC were also reviewed. The review mainly focuses on the application of LOC biosensors, pros, and cons, and suggests a roadmap towards future development to enhance the practical use in pollutant monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Karthik
- Department of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College of Technology, Coimbatore, India
| | - B Karuna
- Department of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College of Technology, Coimbatore, India
| | - P Senthil Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Chennai, 603110, India; Centre of Excellence in Water Research (CEWAR), Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Chennai, 603110, India.
| | - A Saravanan
- Department of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai, 602105, India
| | - R V Hemavathy
- Department of Biotechnology, Rajalakshmi Engineering College, Chennai, 602105, India
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Gu L, Yu J, He Y, Fan Y, Sheng J. Blood copper excess is associated with mild cognitive impairment in elderly Chinese. Aging Clin Exp Res 2022; 34:1007-1019. [PMID: 35043280 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-021-02034-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Copper is associated with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). However, there is a lack of relevant population studies with large sample sizes. AIMS This study used baseline data from a cohort study to determine the distribution characteristics of MCI in the elderly and to estimate the association between whole blood copper concentrations and MCI. METHODS MCI status was screened by the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scale and Activities of Daily Living (ADL) scale. The concentration of copper in whole blood was determined by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer (ICP-MS). RESULTS A total of 1057 subjects with an average age of 71.82 ± 6.45 years were included in this study. There were 215 patients with MCI, and the prevalence of MCI was 20.34%. After adjusting for general demographic variables, logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of MCI in the elderly with high copper level was 1.354 times higher than that in the elderly with low copper level (OR 1.354, 95% CI 1.047-1.983, P = 0.034). CONCLUSION In this study, it was found that the prevalence of MCI was different in gender, age, education level and other aspects, and a higher copper level in the elderly was significantly related to the occurrence of MCI. The association was stronger in older adults and men.
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Ho T, Ahmadi S, Kerman K. Do glutathione and copper interact to modify Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis? Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 181:180-196. [PMID: 35092854 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder first described in 1906 that is currently estimated to impact ∼40 million people worldwide. Extensive research activities have led to a wealth of information on the pathogenesis, hallmarks, and risk factors of AD; however, therapeutic options remain extremely limited. The large number of pathogenic factors that have been reported to potentially contribute to AD include copper dyshomeostasis as well as increased oxidative stress, which is related to alterations to molecular antioxidants like glutathione (GSH). While the individual roles of GSH and copper in AD have been studied by many research groups, their interactions have received relatively little attention, although they appear to interact and affect each other's regulation. Existing knowledge on how GSH-copper interactions may affect AD is sparse and lacks focus. This review first highlights the most relevant individual roles that GSH and copper play in physiology and AD, and then collects and assesses research concerning their interactions, in an effort to provide a more accessible and understandable picture of the role of GSH, copper, and their interactions in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talia Ho
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON, M1C 1A4, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada.
| | - Soha Ahmadi
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON, M1C 1A4, Canada; Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3H6, Canada.
| | - Kagan Kerman
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON, M1C 1A4, Canada; Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3H6, Canada.
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Fasae KD, Abolaji AO, Faloye TR, Odunsi AY, Oyetayo BO, Enya JI, Rotimi JA, Akinyemi RO, Whitworth AJ, Aschner M. Metallobiology and therapeutic chelation of biometals (copper, zinc and iron) in Alzheimer's disease: Limitations, and current and future perspectives. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2021; 67:126779. [PMID: 34034029 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2021.126779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent cause of cognitive impairment and dementia worldwide. The pathobiology of the disease has been studied in the form of several hypotheses, ranging from oxidative stress, amyloid-beta (Aβ) aggregation, accumulation of tau forming neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) through metal dysregulation and homeostasis, dysfunction of the cholinergic system, and to inflammatory and autophagic mechanism. However, none of these hypotheses has led to confirmed diagnostics or approved cure for the disease. OBJECTIVE This review is aimed as a basic and an encyclopedic short course into metals in AD and discusses the advances in chelation strategies and developments adopted in the treatment of the disease. Since there is accumulating evidence of the role of both biometal dyshomeostasis (iron (Fe), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn)) and metal-amyloid interactions that lead to the pathogenesis of AD, this review focuses on unraveling therapeutic chelation strategies that have been considered in the treatment of the disease, aiming to sequester free and protein-bound metal ions and reducing cerebral metal burden. Promising compounds possessing chemically modified moieties evolving as multi-target ligands used as anti-AD drug candidates are also covered. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Several multidirectional and multifaceted studies on metal chelation therapeutics show the need for improved synthesis, screening, and analysis of compounds to be able to effectively present chelating anti-AD drugs. Most drug candidates studied have limitations in their physicochemical properties; some enhance redistribution of metal ions, while others indirectly activate signaling pathways in AD. The metal chelation process in vivo still needs to be established and the design of potential anti-AD compounds that bi-functionally sequester metal ions as well as inhibit the Aβ aggregation by competing with the metal ions and reducing metal-induced oxidative damage and neurotoxicity may signal a bright end in chelation-based therapeutics of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kehinde D Fasae
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Unit, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Amos O Abolaji
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Unit, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria.
| | - Tolulope R Faloye
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Unit, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Atinuke Y Odunsi
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Unit, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Bolaji O Oyetayo
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Neuropharmacology Unit, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Joseph I Enya
- Department of Anatomy, University of Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria
| | - Joshua A Rotimi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Rufus O Akinyemi
- Neuroscience and Ageing Research Unit, Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | | | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
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Squitti R, Faller P, Hureau C, Granzotto A, White AR, Kepp KP. Copper Imbalance in Alzheimer's Disease and Its Link with the Amyloid Hypothesis: Towards a Combined Clinical, Chemical, and Genetic Etiology. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 83:23-41. [PMID: 34219710 DOI: 10.3233/jad-201556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The cause of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is incompletely defined. To date, no mono-causal treatment has so far reached its primary clinical endpoints, probably due to the complexity and diverse neuropathology contributing to the neurodegenerative process. In the present paper, we describe the plausible etiological role of copper (Cu) imbalance in the disease. Cu imbalance is strongly associated with neurodegeneration in dementia, but a complete biochemical etiology consistent with the clinical, chemical, and genetic data is required to support a causative association, rather than just correlation with disease. We hypothesize that a Cu imbalance in the aging human brain evolves as a gradual shift from bound metal ion pools, associated with both loss of energy production and antioxidant function, to pools of loosely bound metal ions, involved in gain-of-function oxidative stress, a shift that may be aggravated by chemical aging. We explain how this may cause mitochondrial deficits, energy depletion of high-energy demanding neurons, and aggravated protein misfolding/oligomerization to produce different clinical consequences shaped by the severity of risk factors, additional comorbidities, and combinations with other types of pathology. Cu imbalance should be viewed and integrated with concomitant genetic risk factors, aging, metabolic abnormalities, energetic deficits, neuroinflammation, and the relation to tau, prion proteins, α-synuclein, TAR DNA binding protein-43 (TDP-43) as well as systemic comorbidity. Specifically, the Amyloid Hypothesis is strongly intertwined with Cu imbalance because amyloid-β protein precursor (AβPP)/Aβ are probable Cu/Zn binding proteins with a potential role as natural Cu/Zn buffering proteins (loss of function), and via the plausible pathogenic role of Cu-Aβ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosanna Squitti
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Peter Faller
- Institut de Chimie, UMR 7177, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | | | - Alberto Granzotto
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.,Center for Advanced Sciences and Technology (CAST), University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, and Clinical Sciences (DNISC), Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Anthony R White
- Mental Health Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Kasper P Kepp
- DTU Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
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Lim SL, Rodriguez-Ortiz CJ, Hsu HW, Wu J, Zumkehr J, Kilian J, Vidal J, Ayata P, Kitazawa M. Chronic copper exposure directs microglia towards degenerative expression signatures in wild-type and J20 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2020; 62:126578. [PMID: 32599538 PMCID: PMC7655674 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2020.126578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Copper (Cu) is an essential metal mediating a variety of vital biological reactions with its redox property. Its dyshomeostasis has been associated with accelerated cognitive decline and neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, underlying neurotoxic mechanisms elicited by dysregulated Cu remain largely elusive. We and others previously demonstrated that exposure to Cu in drinking water significantly exacerbated pathological hallmarks of AD and pro-inflammatory activation of microglia, coupled with impaired phagocytic capacity, in mouse models of AD. METHODS In the present study, we extended our investigation to evaluate whether chronic Cu exposure to wild-type (WT) and J20 mouse model of AD perturbs homeostatic dynamics of microglia and contributes to accelerated transformation of microglia towards degenerative phenotypes that are closely associated with neurodegeneration. We further looked for evidence of alterations in the microglial morphology and spatial memory of the Cu-exposed mice to assess the extent of the Cu toxicity. RESULTS We find that chronic Cu exposure to pre-pathological J20 mice upregulates the translation of degenerative genes and represses homeostatic genes within microglia even in the absence amyloid-beta plaques. We also observe similar expression signatures in Cu-exposed WT mice, suggesting that excess Cu exposure alone could lead to perturbed microglial homeostatic phenotypes and contribute to accelerated cognitive decline. CONCLUSION Our findings highlight the risk of chronic Cu exposure on cognitive decline and altered microglia activation towards degenerative phenotypes. These changes may represent one of the key mechanisms linking Cu exposure or its dyshomeostasis to an increased risk for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siok Lam Lim
- Center for Occupational and Environmental Health, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Carlos J Rodriguez-Ortiz
- Center for Occupational and Environmental Health, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Heng-Wei Hsu
- Center for Occupational and Environmental Health, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Jie Wu
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Joannee Zumkehr
- Center for Occupational and Environmental Health, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Jason Kilian
- Center for Occupational and Environmental Health, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Janielle Vidal
- Center for Occupational and Environmental Health, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Pinar Ayata
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, USA
| | - Masashi Kitazawa
- Center for Occupational and Environmental Health, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
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12
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Coelho FC, Squitti R, Ventriglia M, Cerchiaro G, Daher JP, Rocha JG, Rongioletti MCA, Moonen AC. Agricultural Use of Copper and Its Link to Alzheimer's Disease. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E897. [PMID: 32545484 PMCID: PMC7356523 DOI: 10.3390/biom10060897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Copper is an essential nutrient for plants, animals, and humans because it is an indispensable component of several essential proteins and either lack or excess are harmful to human health. Recent studies revealed that the breakdown of the regulation of copper homeostasis could be associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common form of dementia. Copper accumulation occurs in human aging and is thought to increase the risk of AD for individuals with a susceptibility to copper exposure. This review reports that one of the leading causes of copper accumulation in the environment and the human food chain is its use in agriculture as a plant protection product against numerous diseases, especially in organic production. In the past two decades, some countries and the EU have invested in research to reduce the reliance on copper. However, no single alternative able to replace copper has been identified. We suggest that agroecological approaches are urgently needed to design crop protection strategies based on the complementary actions of the wide variety of crop protection tools for disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fábio C. Coelho
- Phytotechnics Laboratory, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro—UENF; Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ 28013-602, Brazil;
| | - Rosanna Squitti
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Instituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefrate lli, 25125 Brescia, Italy
| | - Mariacarla Ventriglia
- Fatebenefratelli Foundation for Health Research and Education, AFaR Division, 00186 Rome, Italy;
| | - Giselle Cerchiaro
- Center for Natural Science and Humanities, Federal University of ABC—UFABC, Santo André, SP 09210-580, Brazil;
| | - João P. Daher
- Hospital Universitário Antônio Pedro, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ 24210-350, Brazil;
| | - Jaídson G. Rocha
- Phytotechnics Laboratory, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro—UENF; Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ 28013-602, Brazil;
| | - Mauro C. A. Rongioletti
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Research and Development Division, San Giovanni Calibita Fatebenefratelli Hospital, Isola Tiberina, 00186 Rome, Italy;
| | - Anna-Camilla Moonen
- Land Lab, Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, 56127 Pisa, Italy;
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13
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Correia BB, Brown TR, Reibenspies JH, Lee HS, Hancock RD. Exciplex formation as an approach to selective Copper(II) fluorescent sensors. Inorganica Chim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2020.119544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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14
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Pilozzi A, Yu Z, Carreras I, Cormier K, Hartley D, Rogers J, Dedeoglu A, Huang X. A Preliminary Study of Cu Exposure Effects upon Alzheimer's Amyloid Pathology. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E408. [PMID: 32155778 PMCID: PMC7175127 DOI: 10.3390/biom10030408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
A large body of evidence indicates that dysregulation of cerebral biometals (Fe, Cu, Zn) and their interactions with amyloid precursor protein (APP) and Aβ amyloid may contribute to the Alzheimer's disease (AD) Aβ amyloid pathology. However, the molecular underpinnings associated with the interactions are still not fully understood. Herein we have further validated the exacerbation of Aβ oligomerization by Cu and H2O2 in vitro. We have also reported that Cu enhanced APP translations via its 5' untranslated region (5'UTR) of mRNA in SH-SY5Y cells, and increased Aβ amyloidosis and expression of associated pro-inflammatory cytokines such as MCP-5 in Alzheimer's APP/PS1 doubly transgenic mice. This preliminary study may further unravel the pathogenic role of Cu in Alzheimer's Aβ amyloid pathogenesis, warranting further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Pilozzi
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; (A.P.); (J.R.)
| | - Zhanyang Yu
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA;
| | - Isabel Carreras
- Department of Veterans Affairs, VA Medical Center, Bedford, MA 01730, USA; (I.C.); (K.C.); (A.D.)
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Kerry Cormier
- Department of Veterans Affairs, VA Medical Center, Bedford, MA 01730, USA; (I.C.); (K.C.); (A.D.)
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | | | - Jack Rogers
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; (A.P.); (J.R.)
| | - Alpaslan Dedeoglu
- Department of Veterans Affairs, VA Medical Center, Bedford, MA 01730, USA; (I.C.); (K.C.); (A.D.)
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Xudong Huang
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; (A.P.); (J.R.)
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15
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Solioz M. Low copper-2 intake in Switzerland does not result in lower incidence of Alzheimer's disease and contradicts the Copper-2 Hypothesis. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2020; 245:177-179. [PMID: 31948291 DOI: 10.1177/1535370219899898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the “Copper-2 Hypothesis” has been put forth in an attempt to explain the epidemic of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in the Western world. According to this hypothesis, “free” copper (copper-2) in drinking water, dietary supplements, and meat is the chief cause of the increased incidence of AD in recent decades. In contrast to the US, copper plumbing for drinking water is not used in Switzerland and tap water is very low in copper. Other “risk” factors including dietary supplements and meat consumption are also lower in Switzerland than in the US. Yet, the incidence of AD is closely similar in the two countries. This contradicts the Copper-2 Hypothesis. Impact statement The Western world is faced with an Alzheimer’s epidemic. Identifying the life style and anthropogenic factors involved has become a priority. This is a formidable challenge due to the complexity and the slow progression of the disease. A hypothesis put forth by George Brewer postulates divalent copper (copper-2), chiefly present in drinking water from copper pipes, to be a major risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease. In Switzerland, copper pipes are not used for drinking water, but the frequency of Alzheimer’s disease is similar to that of other Western countries. This contradicts Brewer’s hypothesis and suggests that other factors are responsible for today’s Alzheimer’s epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Solioz
- Department Clinical Research, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland
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16
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Romero A, Marco-Contelles J, Ramos E. Highlights of ASS234: a novel and promising therapeutic agent for Alzheimer's disease therapy. Neural Regen Res 2020; 15:30-35. [PMID: 31535639 PMCID: PMC6862399 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.262679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
There is no effective treatment to face Alzheimer’s disease complexity. Multitarget molecules are a good approach against the multiple physiopathological events associated with its development and progression. In this context, N-((5-(3-(1-benzylpiperidin-4-yl) propoxy)-1- methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)methyl)-N-methylprop-2-yn-1-amine (ASS234) has been tested achieving promising results. ASS234 has demonstrated to cross the blood-brain barrier in vivo, and a good in silico safety profile being less toxic than donepezil. Besides, ASS234 reversibly inhibits human acetyl- and butyryl-cholinesterase, and irreversibly inhibits human monoamine oxidase A and B. Moreover, this multitarget molecule has antioxidant and neuroprotective properties, and inhibits Αβ1–42 and Αβ1–40 self-aggregation. Inquiring about the mechanism of action, several signaling pathways related to Alzheimer’s disease had been explored showing that ASS234 induces the wingless-type MMTV integration site (Wnt) family and several members of the heat shock proteins family and moreover counteracts neuroinflammatory and oxidative stress-related genes promoting the induction of several key antioxidant genes. Finally, in vivo experiments with ASS234 in C57BL/6J mice displayed its ability to reduce amyloid plaque burden and gliosis in the cortex and hippocampus, ameliorating scopolamine-induced learning deficits. Here we gather the information regarding ASS234 evaluated so far, showing its ability to face different targets, necessary to counteract a neurodegenerative disease as complex as the Alzheimer’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Romero
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Marco-Contelles
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of General Organic Chemistry (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Ramos
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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17
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Kepp KP, Squitti R. Copper imbalance in Alzheimer’s disease: Convergence of the chemistry and the clinic. Coord Chem Rev 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2019.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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18
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Tian XM, Yao SL, Wu J, Xie H, Zheng TF, Jiang XJ, Wu Y, Mao J, Liu SJ. Two benzothiadiazole-based fluorescent sensors for selective detection of Cu2+ and OH– ions. Polyhedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2019.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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19
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Kaur A, Narang SS, Kaur A, Mann S, Priyadarshi N, Goyal B, Singhal NK, Goyal D. Multifunctional Mono-Triazole Derivatives Inhibit Aβ42 Aggregation and Cu2+-Mediated Aβ42 Aggregation and Protect Against Aβ42-Induced Cytotoxicity. Chem Res Toxicol 2019; 32:1824-1839. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.9b00168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amandeep Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic and Applied Sciences, Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib 140406, Punjab, India
| | - Simranjeet Singh Narang
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic and Applied Sciences, Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib 140406, Punjab, India
| | - Anupamjeet Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic and Applied Sciences, Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib 140406, Punjab, India
| | - Sukhmani Mann
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic and Applied Sciences, Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib 140406, Punjab, India
| | - Nitesh Priyadarshi
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, S.A.S. Nagar 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Bhupesh Goyal
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala 147004, Punjab, India
| | - Nitin Kumar Singhal
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, S.A.S. Nagar 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Deepti Goyal
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic and Applied Sciences, Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib 140406, Punjab, India
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20
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An urgent need to assess safe levels of inorganic copper in nutritional supplements/parenteral nutrition for subset of Alzheimer’s disease patients. Neurotoxicology 2019; 73:168-174. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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21
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Ghidoni R, Squitti R, Siotto M, Benussi L. Innovative Biomarkers for Alzheimer's Disease: Focus on the Hidden Disease Biomarkers. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 62:1507-1518. [PMID: 29504534 DOI: 10.3233/jad-170953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The criteria for the clinical diagnosis of AD include the analysis of biomarkers of the underlying brain disease pathology; a set of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) tests, amyloid-β1-42 (Aβ42), total-tau (t-tau), and phosphorylated tau (p-tau), are available and their performance in a clinical setting has been assessed in several studies. Thus, in dementia research, great advances have been made in the discovery of putative biomarkers; however, disappointingly, few of them have been translated into clinically applicable assays. To find biomarkers able to reliably detect AD pathology already at prodromal stages and in blood is even more important. Recent technical breakthroughs have provided ultrasensitive methods that allow the detection of brain-specific proteins in blood. In the present review, we will focus on the usefulness of ultrasensitive technologies for biomarker discovery and trace elements detection; moreover, we will review studies on circulating nano-compartments, a promising novel source of material for molecular diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Ghidoni
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Rosanna Squitti
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Luisa Benussi
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
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22
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Brewer GJ. Avoiding Alzheimer's disease: The important causative role of divalent copper ingestion. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2019; 244:114-119. [PMID: 30727765 DOI: 10.1177/1535370219827907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPACT STATEMENT The work described in this review is very important to scientists working on Alzheimer's disease (AD) because it reveals a cause for the explosive epidemic of this disease. It is also important to the public because it provides a method to avoid this newly revealed cause, and thereby avoid AD. The field is advanced because this review reveals new information about the mechanism of AD pathogenesis, namely copper, and specifically divalent copper, toxicity is important. New information about divalent copper toxicity in the brain affecting cognition is revealed. The field is impacted strongly because, in view of the frustrations that have occurred in treatment developed, now most AD can be prevented. This means the suffering of the patient, the prolonged and difficult care required by caregivers, and the enormous expenditures for this one disease, can now be avoided.
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Affiliation(s)
- George J Brewer
- University of Michigan, Department of Human Genetics, MI 48103, USA
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23
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Nouri Moghadam F, Amirnasr M, Meghdadi S, Eskandari K, Buchholz A, Plass W. A new fluorene derived Schiff-base as a dual selective fluorescent probe for Cu 2+ and CN . SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2019; 207:6-15. [PMID: 30195186 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2018.08.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 08/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
A new fluorene based fluorogenic chemosensor, 2-[(9H-Fluoren-2-ylmethylene)-amino]-phenol (L), has been designed, synthesized, and characterized by CHN analyses and different spectroscopic methods. This turn-on fluorogenic chemosensor shows high selectivity and sensitivity toward Cu2+ and CN- with low detection limits of 1.54 × 10-9 M and 1.83 × 10-7 M, respectively. The stoichiometry ratio of L-Cu2+ in solution is 1:1, by the method of Job's plot and ESI-MS. The microcrystalline solid product of the chemosensor reaction with copper is characterized as CuL2. The χT value for CuL2 is temperature independent at a value of 0.403 cm3 K mol-1, which is in agreement with a mononuclear copper(II) complex with an isotropic g-value of 2.075. The fluorescence turn-on recognition process for detection of Cu2+ is attributed to the restricted imine isomerization and blocking of intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) quenching process in the analyte-bound sensor. The selectivity of L for Cu2+ is based on the chelation-enhanced fluorescence effect (CHEF) mechanism. Other interfering ions such as Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Ag+, Fe2+, Fe3+, Co2+, Ni2+, Zn2+, Cd2+, Hg2+, Mn2+, Pb2+ and Al3+, show no change in the fluorescence intensity of L in the presence of Cu2+. Furthermore, the compound L can be used as a fluorescence and colorimetric sensor for selective detection of CN- over a number of other anions based on the nucleophilic addition to the imine CN bond, with consequent hydrogen bond formation and electrostatic interaction of the resulting product with K+. The sensing mechanism for CN- was theoretically supported by DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mehdi Amirnasr
- Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 8415683111, Iran.
| | - Soraia Meghdadi
- Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 8415683111, Iran
| | - Kiamars Eskandari
- Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 8415683111, Iran
| | - Axel Buchholz
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie II, Humboldtstr. 8, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Winfried Plass
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie II, Humboldtstr. 8, 07743 Jena, Germany
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24
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Copper in Glucose Intolerance, Cognitive Decline, and Alzheimer Disease. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 2019; 33:77-85. [DOI: 10.1097/wad.0000000000000280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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25
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Yao D, Jing T, Niu L, Huang X, Wang Y, Deng X, Wang M. Amyloidogenesis induced by diet cholesterol and copper in a model mouse for Alzheimer’s disease and protection effects of zinc and fluvastatin. Brain Res Bull 2018; 143:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2018] [Revised: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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26
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Proteomic alterations of brain subcellular organelles caused by low-dose copper exposure: implication for Alzheimer's disease. Arch Toxicol 2018; 92:1363-1382. [PMID: 29383422 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-018-2163-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Excessive copper intake can lead to neurotoxicity, but there is a lack of comprehensive understanding on the potential impact of copper exposure especially at a low-dose on brain. We used 3xTg-AD mice to explore the potential neurotoxicity of chronic, low-dose copper treatment (0.13 ppm copper chloride in drinking water) on behavior and the brain hippocampal mitochondrial and nuclear proteome. Low-dose copper increased the spatial memory impairment of these animals, increased accumulation of intracellular amyloid 1-42 (Aβ1-42), decreased ATP content, increased the positive staining of 8-hydroxyguanosine (8-OHdG), a marker of DNA oxidative damage, and caused apoptosis and a decrease in synaptic proteins. Mitochondrial proteomic analysis by two-dimensional fluorescence difference gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) revealed modulation of 24 hippocampal mitochondrial proteins (14 increased and 10 decreased) in copper-treated vs. untreated 3xTg-AD mice. Nuclear proteomic analysis revealed 43 modulated hippocampal nuclear proteins (25 increased and 18 decreased) in copper-treated 3xTg-AD vs. untreated mice. Classification of modulated mitochondrial and nuclear proteins included functional categories such as energy metabolism, synaptic-related proteins, DNA damage and apoptosis-related proteins, and oxidative stress-related proteins. Among these differentially expressed mitochondrial and nuclear proteins, nine proteins were abnormally expressed in both hippocampus mitochondria and nuclei, including electron transport chain-related proteins NADH dehydrogenase 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 10 (NDUAA), cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit Rieske (UCRI), cytochrome c oxidase subunit 5B (COX5B), and ATP synthase subunit d (ATP5H), glycolytic-related pyruvate kinase PKM (KPYM) and pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component subunit alpha (ODPA). Furthermore, we found coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), an endogenous mitochondrial protective factor/antioxidant, modulated the expression of 12 differentially expressed hippocampal proteins (4 increased and 8 decreased), which could be classified in functional categories such as glycolysis and synaptic-related proteins, oxidative stress-related proteins, implying that CoQ10 improved synaptic function, suppress oxidative stress, and regulate glycolysis. For the proteomics study, we validated the expression of several proteins related to synapses, DNA and apoptosis. The data confirmed that synapsin-2, a synaptic-related protein, was significantly decreased in both mitochondria and nuclei of copper-exposed 3xTg-AD mice. In mitochondria, dynamin-1 (DYN1), an apoptosis-related proteins, was significantly decreased. In the cellular nuclei, paraspeckle protein 1 (PSPC1) and purin-rich element-binding protein alpha (Purα), two DNA damage-related proteins, were significantly decreased and increased, respectively. We conclude that low-dose copper exposure exacerbates the spatial memory impairment of 3xTg-AD mice and perturbs multiple biological/pathogenic processes by dysregulating the mitochondrial and nuclear proteome. Exposure to copper might therefore contribute to the evolution of AD.
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27
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Squitti R, Ghidoni R, Simonelli I, Ivanova ID, Colabufo NA, Zuin M, Benussi L, Binetti G, Cassetta E, Rongioletti M, Siotto M. Copper dyshomeostasis in Wilson disease and Alzheimer's disease as shown by serum and urine copper indicators. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2018; 45:181-188. [PMID: 29173477 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2017.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal handling of copper is the cause of Wilson disease (WD), a rare disorder typified by increased levels in plasma copper not-bound to ceruloplasmin (nCp-Cu, also known as 'free' copper). In Alzheimer's disease (AD), meta-analyses show that copper decreases in brain but increases in serum, due to the nCp Cu component increase. Despite the similarities, a direct comparison of copper biological status in the two diseases has never been carried out. To fill this gap, we evaluated serum copper, ceruloplasmin, nCp-Cu and Cu:Cp in 385 CE and 336 healthy controls previously investigated that were compared with 9 newly diagnosed WD patients. We then assessed 24h copper urinary excretion in 24 WD patients under D-penicillamine (D-pen) treatment and in 35 healthy controls, and compared results with those of AD patients participating to a D-pen phase II clinical trial previously published. After adjusting for sex and age, serum nCp-Cu and Cu:Cp resulted higher in AD and in WD than in healthy controls (both p<0.001). While nCp-Cu was similar between AD and WD, Cu:Cp was higher in WD (p<0.016). 24h urinary copper excretion in AD patients (12.05μg/day) was higher than in healthy controls (4.82μg/day; p<0.001). 77.8% of the AD patients under D-pen treatment had a 24h urinary excretion higher than 200μg/day, suggestive of a failure of copper control. This study provides new insight into the pathophysiology of copper homeostasis in AD, showing a failure of copper control and the Cu:Cp ratio as an eligible marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosanna Squitti
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio-Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy.
| | - Roberta Ghidoni
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio-Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Ilaria Simonelli
- Fatebenefratelli Foundation, AFaR Division, Fatebenefratelli Hospital, Isola Tiberina, Rome, Italy
| | - Irena D Ivanova
- Clinical Laboratory Department, St. Ivan Rilski University Hospital, Medical University, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Nicola Antonio Colabufo
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari "A. Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Massimo Zuin
- Unit San Paolo School of Medicine Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Luisa Benussi
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio-Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giuliano Binetti
- MAC Memory Center, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Emanuele Cassetta
- Fatebenefratelli Foundation, AFaR Division, Fatebenefratelli Hospital, Isola Tiberina, Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Rongioletti
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Research and Development Division, 'San Giovanni Calibita', Fatebenefratelli Hospital, Isola Tiberina, Rome, Italy
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28
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Schofield K. The Metal Neurotoxins: An Important Role in Current Human Neural Epidemics? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:E1511. [PMID: 29206191 PMCID: PMC5750929 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14121511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Many published studies have illustrated that several of the present day neurological epidemics (autism, attention deficit disorder, Alzheimer's) cannot be correlated to any single neurotoxicant. However, the present scientific examination of the numerous global blood monitoring databases for adults that include the concentrations of the neurotoxic elements, aluminum (Al), arsenic (As), lead (Pb), manganese (Mn), mercury (Hg), and selenium (Se) clearly indicate that, when considered in combination, for some, the human body may become easily over-burdened. This can be explained by changes in modern lifestyles. Similar data, solely for pregnant women, have been examined confirming this. All these elements are seen to be present in the human body and at not insignificant magnitudes. Currently suggested minimum risk levels (MRL) for humans are discussed and listed together with averages of the reported distributions, together with their spread and maximum values. One observation is that many distributions for pregnant women are not too dissimilar from those of general populations. Women obviously have their individual baseline of neurotoxin values before pregnancy and any efforts to modify this to any significant degree is not yet clearly apparent. For any element, distribution shapes are reasonably similar showing broad distributions with extended tails with numerous outlier values. There are a certain fraction of people that lie well above the MRL values and may be at risk, especially if genetically susceptible. Additionally, synergistic effects between neurotoxins and with other trace metals are now also being reported. It appears prudent for women of child-bearing age to establish their baseline values well before pregnancy. Those at risk then can be better identified. Adequate instrumental testing now is commercially available for this. In addition, directives are necessary for vaccination programs to use only non-neurotoxic adjuvants, especially for young children and all women of child-bearing ages. Additionally, clearer directives concerning fish consumption must now be reappraised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith Schofield
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-5121, USA.
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Blonz ER. Alzheimer's Disease as the Product of a Progressive Energy Deficiency Syndrome in the Central Nervous System: The Neuroenergetic Hypothesis. J Alzheimers Dis 2017; 60:1223-1229. [PMID: 28946565 PMCID: PMC5676979 DOI: 10.3233/jad-170549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The decreased availability of metabolizable energy resources in the central nervous system is hypothesized to be a key factor in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. More specifically, the age-related decline in the ability of glucose to cross the blood-brain barrier creates a metabolic stress that shifts the normal, benign processing of amyloid-β protein precursor toward pathways associated with the production of amyloid-β plaques and tau-containing neurofibrillary tangles that are characteristic of the disease. The neuroenergetic hypothesis provides insight into the etiology of Alzheimer's disease and illuminates new approaches for diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward R. Blonz
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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