1
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Zhou W, Wu R, Li J, Zhu D, Yu B. A Ligand-Controlled Approach Enabling Gold(I)-Catalyzed Stereoinvertive Glycosylation with Primal Glycosyl ortho-Alkynylbenzoate Donors. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:27915-27924. [PMID: 39314057 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c10698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/25/2024]
Abstract
A diarylurea-containing phosphine ligand-modulated stereoinvertive O-glycosylation with primal furanosyl and pyranosyl ortho-alkynylbenzoate (ABz) donors under gold(I) catalysis is disclosed. Both α- and β-configured glycosides could be obtained from the corresponding stereochemically pure β- and α-glycosyl donors with high yields and good to excellent stereoselectivities, respectively. This method accommodates a variety of glycosyl donors and alcoholic acceptors, leading to both 1,2-cis and 1,2-trans glycosidic linkages, and has been applied to the convenient preparation of a series of linear arabinan glycans. Mechanistic investigations reveal that the counteranion could bridge the diarylurea residue on the phosphine ligand with the alcoholic acceptor via hydrogen bond interactions, thereby permitting stereoinvertive displacement at the anomeric position.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiping Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Renjie Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jinchan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Dapeng Zhu
- Center for Chemical Glycobiology, Zhang jiang Institute for Advanced Study, Institute of Translational Medicine, National Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Biao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
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2
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Detlaff G, Zdrowowicz M, Paduszyńska M, Datta M, Grzywacz D, Kamysz W, Rak J, Nowacki A, Myszka H, Liberek B. Insight into the Course of the Ferrier Rearrangement Used to Obtain Untypical Diosgenyl Saponins. J Org Chem 2024. [PMID: 39367832 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c01756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/07/2024]
Abstract
The Ferrier rearrangement was utilized to obtain 2,3-unsaturated diosgenyl glycosides. This reaction proceeded with high stereoselectivity, yielding mostly saponins with an α configuration (hexoses) or predominantly with a β configuration (pentoses). The diversity of the glycals used and the glycosides obtained enabled a deep discussion of the Ferrier rearrangement mechanism. The mechanism was supported by DFT calculations concerning the intermediate ions. It was concluded that the vinylogous anomeric effect may influence the reactivity of the glycals. Two possible Ferrier rearrangement intermediates, dioxolenium and allyloxycarbenium ions, were hypothesized to exist in thermodynamic equilibrium that shifted toward the former. The allyloxycarbenium ion participates in the final rearrangement step and determines the reaction regioselectivity. Furthermore, the conformational stability of the 2,3-unsaturated pyranose ring determines the stereoselectivity of the reaction. Factors influencing this stability, as well as the NMR data enabling recognition of the 0H5 and 5H0 conformations, were identified. Chemoselective hydrogenation of 2,3-unsaturated diosgenyl glycosides provided a series of 2,3-dideoxy analogues. The anticancer, hemolytic, and antibacterial activities of the synthesized saponins are presented alongside a discussion of the structure-activity relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Detlaff
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Magdalena Zdrowowicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | | | - Magdalena Datta
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Daria Grzywacz
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Wojciech Kamysz
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Janusz Rak
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Andrzej Nowacki
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Henryk Myszka
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Beata Liberek
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
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3
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Sakai H, Tsushida S, Hosoya T, Miyafuji H. Role of ion pairs in model glycosylation reactions of permethylated glucosyl and xylosyl triflates. Carbohydr Res 2024; 544:109227. [PMID: 39142017 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2024.109227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Elucidating the molecular mechanisms of chemical O-glycosylation remains a significant challenge in glycochemistry. This study examines the mechanism of the nucleophilic substitution reaction between glycosyl triflates, which are extensively used in studies of glycosylation mechanisms, and several acceptor alcohols. The investigation was conducted through a comparative analysis of permethylated glucosyl triflate GTf and its xylosyl counterpart XTf. The glycosylation reactions, conducted in dichloromethane using GTf and XTf with EtOH, tBuOH, and CF3CH2OH, exhibited diverse α/β selectivities depending on the types of donor and acceptor molecules used. Identifying a unified mechanism to explain this range of selectivities proved challenging. Notably, we observed a distinct trend wherein the addition of excess triflate salt (Bu4NOTf) had a more pronounced effect on the α/β selectivity in glycosylation reactions utilizing XTf compared to those using GTf. Quantum chemical calculations performed at the SCS-MP2//DFT(M06-2X) level, with explicit inclusion of five solvent molecules, showed that contact ion pairs arising from XTf were significantly more stable than those from GTf. These experimental and computational results strongly suggest that ion pairs play a more crucial role in the glycosylation process involving XTf than GTf. Additionally, our quantum chemical analyses clarified that the enhanced stability of the ion pairs from XTf was attributed not to the strength of the C-1-OTf bond within XTf but to the flexibility in the conformational changes of XTf's pyranosyl ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Sakai
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, 1- 5 Shimogamo-hangi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8522, Japan
| | - Sae Tsushida
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, 1- 5 Shimogamo-hangi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8522, Japan
| | - Takashi Hosoya
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, 1- 5 Shimogamo-hangi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8522, Japan.
| | - Hisashi Miyafuji
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, 1- 5 Shimogamo-hangi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8522, Japan
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4
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Delar E, Tigherghar Y, Girard L, Haddad M, Ramassamy C, Legault J, Gauthier C. Synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of nature-inspired phenacyl glycosides. Carbohydr Res 2024; 545:109281. [PMID: 39357144 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2024.109281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2024] [Revised: 09/17/2024] [Accepted: 09/18/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024]
Abstract
Phenylethanoid glycosides are a well-studied class of bioactive compounds found throughout the plant kingdom. In contrast, research on the synthesis and pharmacological activity of phenacyl glycosides, a specific subgroup of phenylethanoid glycosides with a ketone functionality at the alpha position of the phenol ring, has been limited. In this study, we report the synthesis, cytotoxic, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory evaluation of a series of 18 4'-hydroxyphenacyl glycosides. These compounds consist of six different sugar residues (β-d-glucose, β-d-galactose, α-l-arabinose, β-d-xylose, α-l-rhamnose, and β-d-glucuronic acid) and display three distinct methoxylation patterns at the phenacyl ring, similar to the substitution motifs of anthocyanins. We obtained the target phenacyl glycosides in high yield and stereoselectivity through the coupling of benzoyl-protected trichloroacetimidate glycosyl donors and corresponding acetophenones. Our work represents the first total synthesis of the natural products 4'-hydroxyphenacyl-β-d-glucopyranoside (1) and 4'-hydroxy-3'-methoxyphenacyl-β-d-glucopyranoside (2). None of the phenacyl glycosides showed cytotoxicity against the tested cell lines. Notably, several of the synthesized compounds exhibited antiviral activity, with natural product 2 being the most active against herpes simplex virus type 1, while phenacyl arabinoside 9 and natural product 2 were the most active against human coronavirus OC43. Natural product 2 significantly inhibited the production of interleukin-6 in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated microglia cells. Overall, our findings highlight the importance of the sugar residue and phenacyl ring substitution pattern in modulating the antiviral activity of phenacyl glycosides. Natural product 2 and phenacyl arabinoside 9 emerge as promising leads for the development of antiviral agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanilo Delar
- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), 531, boulevard des Prairies, Laval, Québec, H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Yanis Tigherghar
- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), 531, boulevard des Prairies, Laval, Québec, H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Laurie Girard
- Laboratoire LASEVE, Département des Sciences Fondamentales, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi (UQAC), 555, boulevard de l'Université, Chicoutimi, Québec, G7H 2B1, Canada; Unité Mixte de Recherche INRS-UQAC, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), 555, boulevard de l'Université, Chicoutimi, Québec, G7H 2B1, Canada
| | - Mohamed Haddad
- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), 531, boulevard des Prairies, Laval, Québec, H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Charles Ramassamy
- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), 531, boulevard des Prairies, Laval, Québec, H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Jean Legault
- Laboratoire LASEVE, Département des Sciences Fondamentales, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi (UQAC), 555, boulevard de l'Université, Chicoutimi, Québec, G7H 2B1, Canada; Unité Mixte de Recherche INRS-UQAC, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), 555, boulevard de l'Université, Chicoutimi, Québec, G7H 2B1, Canada
| | - Charles Gauthier
- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), 531, boulevard des Prairies, Laval, Québec, H7V 1B7, Canada; Laboratoire LASEVE, Département des Sciences Fondamentales, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi (UQAC), 555, boulevard de l'Université, Chicoutimi, Québec, G7H 2B1, Canada; Unité Mixte de Recherche INRS-UQAC, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), 555, boulevard de l'Université, Chicoutimi, Québec, G7H 2B1, Canada.
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5
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See NW, Roseli RB, Wimmer N, Le TT, Krenske EH, Ferro V. Origins of Temperature-Dependent Anomeric Selectivity in Glycosylations with an L-Idose Thioglycoside. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400331. [PMID: 38977407 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
L-Idose thioglycosides are useful glycosyl donors for the construction of glycosaminoglycan oligosaccharides. When activated with NIS and catalytic TMSOTf in the presence of methanol, the stereoselectivity of O-glycosylation displays an intriguing dependence on the reaction temperature, with an increased preference for formation of the α-glycoside at higher temperatures. Using a combination of vt-NMR spectroscopy and DFT calculations, we show how a simple mechanistic model, based on competing reactions of the iodinated thioglycoside, can explain the main features of the temperature dependence. In this model, the increased selectivity at high temperature is attributed to differences among the entropy and energy terms of the competing reaction pathways. Neighbouring-group participation (giving an intermediate acyloxonium ion) plays an increasingly dominant role as temperature is raised. The general features of this kinetic regime may also apply more broadly to other glycosylations that likewise favour α-glycoside formation at high temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas W See
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ras Baizureen Roseli
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Queensland, Australia
| | - Norbert Wimmer
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Queensland, Australia
| | - Tri T Le
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Queensland, Australia
| | - Elizabeth H Krenske
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Queensland, Australia
| | - Vito Ferro
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Queensland, Australia
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6
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Kumar N, Gurawa A, Yadav A, Kashyap S. Influence of C-4 Axial/Equatorial Configuration and Neighboring Group/Remote Group Participation (NGP/RGP) Driven Conformational Evidence in Chemoselective Activation of Glycals. Org Lett 2024; 26:7072-7077. [PMID: 39116290 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c02724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
We herein reveal the possibility of the C-4 neighboring group/remote group participation (NGP/RGP) facilitating the stabilization of the anomeric center via dioxolenium intermediates in the chemoselective activation of glycal donors. We further realized that the axial/equatorial configuration of the C-4 group in the galacto- and gluco-glycal series enables diverse pathways to give direct 1,2-addition or Ferrier rearrangement, respectively. A proof-of-principle for stereoselective glycosylation was amply illustrated by employing carbohydrates, amino acids, natural products, and bioactive molecules to develop 2-deoxy-glycan analogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitin Kumar
- Carbohydrate Chemistry Research Laboratory (CCRL), Department of Chemistry, Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur 302017, India
| | - Aakanksha Gurawa
- Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, 1919, route de Mende, 34294 Cedex 5 Montpellier, France
| | - Ankit Yadav
- Carbohydrate Chemistry Research Laboratory (CCRL), Department of Chemistry, Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur 302017, India
| | - Sudhir Kashyap
- Carbohydrate Chemistry Research Laboratory (CCRL), Department of Chemistry, Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur 302017, India
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7
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Jaiswal MK, Yadav MS, Singh M, Garai S, Tiwari VK. Silicomolybdic Acid Cluster as Biocompatible Catalyst for One-Pot Tandem Synthesis of Orthogonally Protected Glycosides. J Org Chem 2024; 89:10698-10708. [PMID: 39036827 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
The present paper describes a new and practical approach for the one-pot preparation of O-isopropylidene derivatives and also orthogonally protected S- and O-glycosides from the corresponding unprotected saccharides by employing 2 mol % of a silicomolybdic acid (SMA) cluster as a versatile and biocompatible catalyst. The present protocol is applicable to two-step one-pot tandem transformations, which include the O-isopropylidation, spiroketal functionalization, 4,6-O-arylidene acetalations, and arylidene acetylation processes under relatively mild reaction conditions. One-pot sequential transformations, low catalyst loading, rapid transformation, high to excellent reaction yields, mild reaction conditions, and a nontoxic biocompatible workup procedure are the notable advantages of devised protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj K Jaiswal
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Mangal S Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Mayank Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Somenath Garai
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Vinod K Tiwari
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
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8
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Dang QD, Deng YH, Sun TY, Zhang Y, Li J, Zhang X, Wu YD, Niu D. Catalytic glycosylation for minimally protected donors and acceptors. Nature 2024; 632:313-319. [PMID: 38885695 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07695-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Oligosaccharides have myriad functions throughout biological processes1,2. Chemical synthesis of these structurally complex molecules facilitates investigation of their functions. With a dense concentration of stereocentres and hydroxyl groups, oligosaccharide assembly through O-glycosylation requires simultaneous control of site, stereo- and chemoselectivities3,4. Chemists have traditionally relied on protecting group manipulations for this purpose5-8, adding considerable synthetic work. Here we report a glycosylation platform that enables selective coupling between unprotected or minimally protected donor and acceptor sugars, producing 1,2-cis-O-glycosides in a catalyst-controlled, site-selective manner. Radical-based activation9 of allyl glycosyl sulfones forms glycosyl bromides. A designed aminoboronic acid catalyst brings this reactive intermediate close to an acceptor through a network of non-covalent hydrogen bonding and reversible covalent B-O bonding interactions, allowing precise glycosyl transfer. The site of glycosylation can be switched with different aminoboronic acid catalysts by affecting their interaction modes with substrates. The method accommodates a wide range of sugar types, amenable to the preparation of naturally occurring sugar chains and pentasaccharides containing 11 free hydroxyls. Experimental and computational studies provide insights into the origin of selectivity outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu-Di Dang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital and School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi-Hui Deng
- The Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry and Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomic, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
- Institute of Molecular Chemical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tian-Yu Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry and Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomic, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
- Institute of Molecular Chemical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital and School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital and School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital and School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yun-Dong Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry and Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomic, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China.
- Institute of Molecular Chemical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Dawen Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital and School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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9
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Abramov AA, Zinin AI, Kolotyrkina NG, Kononov LO, Shatskiy A, Kärkäs MD, Stepanova EV. Mild and General Protocol for Selective Deacetylation of Acetyl/Benzoyl-Protected Carbohydrates. J Org Chem 2024; 89:10021-10026. [PMID: 38955329 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we report a mild and general protocol for chemoselective deacetylation of mixed acetyl- and benzoyl-protected carbohydrates under mild acidic conditions. The protocol allows quick access to partially protected carbohydrates, which serve as versatile synthetic intermediates during the total synthesis of various mono- and oligosaccharide targets. The applicability of the developed protocol was successfully demonstrated on a range of carbohydrate substrates of various configurations and substitution patterns featuring functionalized aliphatic and aromatic aglycones. The protocol has shown excellent compatibility with the widely used O-anomeric protecting groups, prespacer aglycones, and thioglycoside glycosyl donors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexander I Zinin
- Laboratory of Glycochemistry, N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prosp. 47, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalya G Kolotyrkina
- Laboratory of Glycochemistry, N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prosp. 47, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Leonid O Kononov
- Laboratory of Glycochemistry, N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prosp. 47, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey Shatskiy
- Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Markus D Kärkäs
- Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elena V Stepanova
- Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenin Avenue 30, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
- Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
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10
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Sun Y, Ren K, Zhang Z, Li Y, Wang N, Zeng H, Huang N, Li XX, Deng WQ, Yao H. Palladium-Catalyzed O-Glycosylation through π-π Interactions. Org Lett 2024; 26:5396-5401. [PMID: 38870323 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c02019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
A stereodivergent synthesis of β- and α-O-glycosides using 3-O-quinaldoyl glucals was developed by palladium catalysis at 60 and 110 °C respectively. Various alcohols, monosaccharides, and amino acid were glycosylated to form β- and α- products in good yields with high stereoselectivity. Mechanistic studies indicated no classic Pd-N (quinoline) coordination, but π-π stacking interactions promoted the anomeric stereodiversity. The practicality was demonstrated by glycosylating natural products/drugs and synthesizing a complex tetrasaccharide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangxing Sun
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Keke Ren
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Zhentao Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Yanzhi Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Nengzhong Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Hui Zeng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Nianyu Huang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Xiao-Xi Li
- Institute of Frontier Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Wei-Qiao Deng
- Institute of Frontier Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Hui Yao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
- Hubei Three Gorges Laboratory, Yichang 443007, China
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11
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Dey K, Jayaraman N. Trivalent dialkylaminopyridine-catalyzed site-selective mono- O-acylation of partially-protected pyranosides. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:5134-5149. [PMID: 38847370 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00599f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
This work demonstrates trivalent tris-(3-N-methyl-N-pyridyl propyl)amine (1) catalyzing the site-selective mono-O-acylation of glycopyranosides. Different acid anhydrides were used for the acylation of monosaccharides, mediated by catalyst 1, at a loading of 1.5 mol%; the extent of site-selectivity and the yields of mono-O-acylation products were assessed. The reactions were performed between 2 and 10 h, depending on the nature of the acid anhydride, where the bulkier pivalic anhydride required a longer duration for acylation. The glycopyranosides are maintained as diols and triols, and from a set of experiments, the site-selectivity of acylations was observed to follow the intrinsic reactivities and stereochemistry of hydroxy functionalities. The trivalent catalyst 1 mediates the reactions with excellent site-selectivities for mono-O-acylation product formation in the studied glycopyranosides, in comparison to the monovalent N,N-dimethylamino pyridine (DMAP) catalyst. This study illustrates the benefits of the multivalency of catalytic moieties in catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalyan Dey
- Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.
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12
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Liu Y, Wang Y, Chen J, Wang N, Huang N, Yao H. Stereoselective Synthesis of β- S-Glycosides via Palladium Catalysis. J Org Chem 2024; 89:8815-8827. [PMID: 38835152 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
S-Glycosides are more resistant to enzymatic and chemical hydrolysis and exhibit higher metabolic stability than common O-glycosides, demonstrating their widespread application in biological research and drug development. In particular, β-S-glycosides are used as antirheumatic, anticancer, and antidiabetic drugs in clinical practice. However, the stereoselective synthesis of β-S-glycosides is still highly challenging. Herein, we report an effective β-S-glycosylation using 3-O-trichloroacetimidoyl glycal and thiols under mild conditions. The C3-imidate is designed to guide Pd to form a complex with glucal from the upper face, followed by Pd-S (thiols) coordination to realize β-stereoselectivity. This method demonstrates excellent compatibility with a broad scope of various thiol acceptors and glycal donors with yields up to 87% and a β/α ratio of up to 20:1. The present β-S-glycosylation strategy is used for late-stage functionalization of drugs/natural products such as estrone, zingerone, and thymol. Overall, this novel and simple operation approach provides a general and practical strategy for the construction of β-thioglycosides, which holds high potential in drug discovery and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, P. R. China
| | - Jie Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, P. R. China
| | - Nengzhong Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, P. R. China
- Hubei Three Gorges Laboratory, Yichang 443007, P. R. China
| | - Nianyu Huang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, P. R. China
- Hubei Three Gorges Laboratory, Yichang 443007, P. R. China
| | - Hui Yao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, P. R. China
- Hubei Three Gorges Laboratory, Yichang 443007, P. R. China
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13
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Liu A, Gao L, Tang X, Yang X, Liu X, Xie W, Qi J, Li W. Synthesis and Structural Revision of a Natural Tetrasaccharide from Starfish Asterias rollestoni Bell. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400946. [PMID: 38516955 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Starfish provide important saponins with diverse bioactivities as the secondary metabolites, among which 2-O-glycosylated glycosides are commonly found. Preparation of those 1,2-trans 2-O-glycosylated glycosides usually relies on 2-O-acyl participation requiring the selective installation and cleavage of 2-O-acyl groups. A convergent synthesis using 2-O-glycosylated oligosaccharide donors would be more straightforward but also pose greater challenges. Herein, we report a convergent synthesis of a distinctive tetrasaccharide isolated from starfish Asterias rollestoni Bell. Dual 2-(diphenylphosphinoyl)acetyl (DPPA) groups at O3 and O4 on galactose moiety led to high β-selectivities (β/α=12/1 or β only) in the challenging [2+2] glycosylation, giving the desired tetrasaccharides in >90 % yields from the 2-O-glycosylated disaccharide donors. These synthetic studies have also unambiguously revised the structure of these natural tetrasaccharides. This work would facilitate further studies on new inhibitors of α-glucosidase as hypoglycemic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ao Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, China
| | - Longwei Gao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, China
| | - Xintong Tang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, China
| | - Xudong Yang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, China
| | - Xianglai Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, China
| | - Weijia Xie
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, China
| | - Jin Qi
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, China
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14
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Lin MH, Kuo YT, Danglad-Flores J, Sletten ET, Seeberger PH. Parametric Analysis of Donor Activation for Glycosylation Reactions. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400479. [PMID: 38545936 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
The chemical synthesis of complex oligosaccharides relies on efficient and highly reproducible glycosylation reactions. The outcome of a glycosylation is contingent upon several environmental factors, such as temperature, acidity, the presence of residual moisture, as well as the steric, electronic, and conformational aspects of the reactants. Each glycosylation proceeds rapidly and with a high yield within a rather narrow temperature range. For better control over glycosylations and to ensure fast and reliable reactions, a systematic analysis of 18 glycosyl donors revealed the effect of reagent concentration, water content, protecting groups, and structure of the glycosyl donors on the activation temperature. With these insights, we parametrize the first step of the glycosylation reaction to be executed reliably and efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Huei Lin
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yan-Ting Kuo
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195, Berlin, Germany
- GlycoUniverseGmbH&Co.KGaA, Am Mühlenberg 11, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - José Danglad-Flores
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Eric T Sletten
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Peter H Seeberger
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195, Berlin, Germany
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15
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Xu Y, Feng B, Li S, Fang H. Alkoxycarbonyl Groups in Metalloesters Showing Oxocarbenium-like Structure and Alkylating Reactivity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202402370. [PMID: 38426853 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202402370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
In contrast to the well-documented acylating reactivity, the alkylating reactivity of the alkoxycarbonyl group, as signified by its oxocarbenium-like resonance structure, remains almost unexplored. Herein, the first series of Co/Ni dinuclear metalloesters exhibiting the novel oxocarbenium-like alkoxycarbonyl groups were synthesized and characterized. In these deformed alkoxycarbonyl groups, the Ccarbonyl-Oalkoxyl bonds were contracted to 1.177(11)~1.191(9) Å with the elongations of the Ccarbonyl=Ocarbonyl bonds to 1.368(13)~1.441(9) Å. Meanwhile, the O-Calkyl bonds were also elongated to 1.522(11) ~1.607(15) Å, and were by far the longest O-Calkyl bonds reported for alkoxycarbonyl groups. As triggered by the long O-Calkyl distances, the alkylating reactivity of the oxocarbenium-like methoxycarbonyl group towards a series of C/N/O-nucleophiles via the rare BAL2 mechanism at ambient conditions was examined. Furthermore, the homo-etherifications of alcohols mediated by the Co/Ni dinuclear metalloesters were investigated. The yields followed the trend ethanol≫n-propanol≫n-butanol ≈n-pentanol, that closely related to the structure features of the alkoxycarbonyl groups in corresponding metalloesters: while the ethoxycarbonyl group showed the reactive oxocarbenium-like framework, the n-propoxycarbonyl group displayed the dioxocarbenium-like skeleton with a shorter O-Calkyl bond; In comparison, the classical frameworks with unactivated alkyl moieties were observed for n-butoxycarbonyl and n-pentoxycarbonyl groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingzhuang Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Lab for Rare Earth Materials and Applications, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Bingjian Feng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Lab for Rare Earth Materials and Applications, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Songyi Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Lab for Rare Earth Materials and Applications, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Huayi Fang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Lab for Rare Earth Materials and Applications, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
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16
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Shou K, Zhang Y, Ji Y, Liu B, Zhou Q, Tan Q, Li F, Wang X, Lu G, Xiao G. Highly stereoselective α-glycosylation with GalN 3 donors enabled collective synthesis of mucin-related tumor associated carbohydrate antigens. Chem Sci 2024; 15:6552-6561. [PMID: 38699257 PMCID: PMC11062124 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc01348d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Mucin-related tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens (TACAs) are important and interesting targets for cancer vaccine therapy. However, efficient access to a library of mucin-related TACAs remains a challenging task. One of the key issues is the challenging construction of α-GalNAc linkages. Here, we report highly stereoselective α-glycosylation with GalN3N-phenyl trifluoroacetimidate donors, which features excellent yields, outstanding stereoselectivities, broad substrate scope and mild reaction conditions. This method is successfully applied to highly stereoselective synthesis of GalN3-α-O-Ser, which served as the common intermediate for collective synthesis of a wide range of TACAs including TN antigen, STN antigen, 2,6 STF antigen, 2,3 STF antigen, glycophorin and cores 1-8 mucin-type O-glycans. In particular, the rationale for this highly stereoselective α-glycosylation is provided for the first time using DFT calculations and mechanistic studies, highlighting the crucial roles of reagent combinations (TMSI and Ph3PO) and the H-bonding directing effect of the N3 group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunxiu Shou
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Natural Medicines, Kunming Institute of Botany, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences 132 Lanhei Road Kunming 650201 China
| | - Yunqin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Natural Medicines, Kunming Institute of Botany, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences 132 Lanhei Road Kunming 650201 China
| | - Yujie Ji
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University Jinan Shandong 250100 China
| | - Bin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Natural Medicines, Kunming Institute of Botany, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences 132 Lanhei Road Kunming 650201 China
| | - Qingli Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Natural Medicines, Kunming Institute of Botany, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences 132 Lanhei Road Kunming 650201 China
| | - Qiang Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Natural Medicines, Kunming Institute of Botany, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences 132 Lanhei Road Kunming 650201 China
| | - Fuying Li
- Department of Chemistry, Kunming University 2 Puxing Road Kunming 650214 China
| | - Xiufang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Kunming University 2 Puxing Road Kunming 650214 China
| | - Gang Lu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University Jinan Shandong 250100 China
| | - Guozhi Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Natural Medicines, Kunming Institute of Botany, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences 132 Lanhei Road Kunming 650201 China
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17
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Zhang H, Zeng C, Zhu Q, Zhu D, Yu B. Synthesis of the Reducing-end Hexasaccharide Fragment of Marine Lipopolysaccharide Axinelloside A. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202304180. [PMID: 38180294 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202304180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Chemical synthesis of an orthogonally protected hexasaccharide relevant to the reducing-end half of axinelloside A, a highly sulfated marine lipopolysaccharide, is disclosed. The synthesis features preparation of the scyllo-inositol unit via a Ferrier-type-II rearrangement, construction of the 1,2-cis-glycosidic bonds via remote participation, and concise [2+2+2] assembly via Au(I)-catalyzed glycosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Changgen Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Qian Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Dapeng Zhu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Biao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
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18
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Addanki RB, Moktan S, Halder S, Sharma M, Sarmah BK, Bhattacharyya K, Kancharla PK. Exploiting the Strained Ion-Pair Interactions of Sterically Hindered Pyridinium Salts Toward S N2 Glycosylation of Glycosyl Trichloroacetimidates. J Org Chem 2024; 89:3713-3725. [PMID: 38407946 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
We demonstrate here that strained and sterically hindered protonated 2,4,6-tri-tert-butylpyridinium (TTBPy) tetrafluoroborate, a crystalline, bench stable salt serves as a mild and efficient organocatalyst for the SN2 type displacement of glycosyl trichloroacetimidates toward the stereoselective synthesis of both α- and β-glycosides. The strained ion-pair interactions between the sterically hindered pyridinium cation and the tetrafluoroborate anion infuse unusual reactivity to the ions resulting in the unique anion assisted activation of alcohol. This mild activation of alcohol facilitates the SN2 type displacement of glycosyl α-trichloroacetimidates into β-glycosides in a highly diastereoselective manner. These unique interactions were established based on extensive infrared and 1H, 19F, 11B NMR studies and theoretical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupa Bai Addanki
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Sangay Moktan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Suvendu Halder
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Madhur Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Bikash K Sarmah
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | | | - Pavan K Kancharla
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
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19
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Moons PH, Ter Braak F, de Kleijne FFJ, Bijleveld B, Corver SJR, Houthuijs KJ, Almizori HR, Berden G, Martens J, Oomens J, White PB, Boltje TJ. Characterization of elusive rhamnosyl dioxanium ions and their application in complex oligosaccharide synthesis. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2257. [PMID: 38480691 PMCID: PMC10937939 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46522-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Attaining complete anomeric control is still one of the biggest challenges in carbohydrate chemistry. Glycosyl cations such as oxocarbenium and dioxanium ions are key intermediates of glycosylation reactions. Characterizing these highly-reactive intermediates and understanding their glycosylation mechanisms are essential to the stereoselective synthesis of complex carbohydrates. Although C-2 acyl neighbouring-group participation has been well-studied, the reactive intermediates in more remote participation remain elusive and are challenging to study. Herein, we report a workflow that is utilized to characterize rhamnosyl 1,3-bridged dioxanium ions derived from C-3 p-anisoyl esterified donors. First, we use a combination of quantum-chemical calculations and infrared ion spectroscopy to determine the structure of the cationic glycosylation intermediate in the gas-phase. In addition, we establish the structure and exchange kinetics of highly-reactive, low-abundance species in the solution-phase using chemical exchange saturation transfer, exchange spectroscopy, correlation spectroscopy, heteronuclear single-quantum correlation, and heteronuclear multiple-bond correlation nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Finally, we apply C-3 acyl neighbouring-group participation to the synthesis of complex bacterial oligosaccharides. This combined approach of finding answers to fundamental physical-chemical questions and their application in organic synthesis provides a robust basis for elucidating highly-reactive intermediates in glycosylation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter H Moons
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Floor Ter Braak
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Frank F J de Kleijne
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Bart Bijleveld
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Sybren J R Corver
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Kas J Houthuijs
- FELIX laboratory, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Toernooiveld 7, 6525 ED, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Hero R Almizori
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Giel Berden
- FELIX laboratory, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Toernooiveld 7, 6525 ED, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jonathan Martens
- FELIX laboratory, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Toernooiveld 7, 6525 ED, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jos Oomens
- FELIX laboratory, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Toernooiveld 7, 6525 ED, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Paul B White
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Thomas J Boltje
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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20
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Li Y, Lv X, Liu J, Du Y. Total synthesis and cytotoxicity evaluation of the spirostanol saponin gitonin. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:2081-2090. [PMID: 38363172 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob02101g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
The spirostanol saponin gitonin was efficiently synthesized in 12 steps (longest linear sequence) in 18.5% overall yield from the commercially available isopropyl β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) and tigogenin. A cascade two-step glycosylation and Schmidt's inverse procedure significantly facilitated the synthesis of gitonin and its derivatives. The cytotoxic activities of gitonin and its structural analogues were evaluated against A549, HepG2, and MCF-7, and most of them exhibited moderate to excellent inhibitory activity. Our study demonstrates that the removal of the β-D-galactopyranosyl residue (attached at C-2 of the glucose unit) from gitonin would not decrease the inhibition activities; however, further cleavage of sugar units could seriously reduce the activities. A bioassay on these cancer cell lines also suggested that the presence of 2α-hydroxy on the aglycone weakened the cytotoxicity of the designed saponin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Eco-toxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xun Lv
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Eco-toxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Binzhou Institute of Technology, Weiqiao-UCAS Science and Technology Park, Binzhou 256606, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yuguo Du
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Eco-toxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Binzhou Institute of Technology, Weiqiao-UCAS Science and Technology Park, Binzhou 256606, Shandong Province, China
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21
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Desai SP, Yatzoglou G, Turner JA, Taylor MS. Boronic Acid-Catalyzed Regio- and Stereoselective N-Glycosylations of Purines and Other Azole Heterocycles: Access to Nucleoside Analogues. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:4973-4984. [PMID: 38330907 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c14434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
In the presence of an arylboronic acid catalyst, azole-type heterocycles, including purines, tetrazoles, triazoles, indazoles, and benzo-fused congeners, undergo regio- and stereoselective N-glycosylations with furanosyl and pyranosyl trichloroacetimidate donors. The protocol, which does not require stoichiometric activators, specialized leaving groups, or drying agents, provides access to nucleoside analogues and enables late-stage N-glycosylation of azole-containing pharmaceutical agents. A mechanism involving simultaneous activation of the glycosyl donor and acceptor by the organoboron catalyst has been proposed, supported by kinetic analysis and computational modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shrey P Desai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Giorgos Yatzoglou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Julia A Turner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Mark S Taylor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
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22
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Azeem MZ, Dubey MS, Islam MSA, Mandal PK. An Open-Air Palladium-Catalyzed Stereoselective O-Glycosylation of Glycals via in-situ Generation of gem-Disubstituted Methanols from p-Quinone Methides. Chem Asian J 2024; 19:e202301013. [PMID: 38133606 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202301013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
We devised a palladium-catalyzed α-stereoselective glycosylation that incorporates oxygen via in-situ generation of gem-disubstituted methanols from p-quinone methides to access 2,3-unsaturated gem-diarylmethyl O-glycosides under open-air atmosphere at room temperature. Advantages of this environmentally friendly strategy include the absence of additives and ligands, using water as the green source of oxygen, mildest, operationally simple, exhibiting a wide functional group tolerance, and compatibility with a variety of glycal progenitors in appreciable yields. A mechanistic study has been verified via H2 18 O labeling, which validates that water (moisture) is a sole source of oxygen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ms Zanjila Azeem
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS-10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, P.O. Box 173, Lucknow, 226 031, India
- Chemical Science, Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Ms Shashiprabha Dubey
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS-10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, P.O. Box 173, Lucknow, 226 031, India
| | - Mr Sk Areful Islam
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS-10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, P.O. Box 173, Lucknow, 226 031, India
| | - Pintu Kumar Mandal
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS-10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, P.O. Box 173, Lucknow, 226 031, India
- Chemical Science, Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
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23
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Gao Y, Chen W, Zhao J, Yang M, Zhang Y, Chen C, Yao L, Xu J, Wang F, Zhang B, Gu G, Tang B, Cai F. Exploring the Dual Functions of Distal Acyl Group Direction in Various Nucleophilic Environments. J Org Chem 2024; 89:2375-2396. [PMID: 38288704 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
A universal glycosylation strategy could significantly simplify glycoside synthesis. One approach to achieving this goal is through acyl group direction for the corresponding 1,2-, 1,3-, 1,4-, or 1,6-trans glycosylation; however, this approach has been challenging for glycosidic bonds that require distal equatorial-acyl group direction. We developed an approach in weakly nucleophilic environments for selective 1,4-trans glycosylation directed by the equatorial-4-O-acyl group. Here, we explored this condition in other distal acyl groups and found that, besides 1,n-trans direction, acyl groups also mediated hydrogen bonding between acyl groups and alcohols. The latter showed a diverse effect and classified the acyl group direction into axial and equatorial categories. Corresponding glycosylation conditions were distinguished as guidance for acyl group direction from either category. Hence, acyl group direction may serve as a general glycosylation strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongtao Gao
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Rd, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Wenjie Chen
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Rd, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Juan Zhao
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Rd, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Min Yang
- Center for Analysis and Characterization, School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Huaxia Middle Rd, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yongliang Zhang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Rd, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Changsheng Chen
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Rd, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Linbin Yao
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, The University of Nottingham Ningbo China, 199 Taikang E Rd, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Jiayuan Xu
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, The University of Nottingham Ningbo China, 199 Taikang E Rd, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Fei Wang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Rd, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Bangzhi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Guofeng Gu
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Rd, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Bencan Tang
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, The University of Nottingham Ningbo China, 199 Taikang E Rd, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Feng Cai
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Rd, Qingdao 266237, China
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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24
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Remmerswaal W, Elferink H, Houthuijs KJ, Hansen T, ter Braak F, Berden G, van der Vorm S, Martens J, Oomens J, van der Marel GA, Boltje TJ, Codée JDC. Anomeric Triflates versus Dioxanium Ions: Different Product-Forming Intermediates from 3-Acyl Benzylidene Mannosyl and Glucosyl Donors. J Org Chem 2024; 89:1618-1625. [PMID: 38235652 PMCID: PMC10845153 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Minimal structural differences in the structure of glycosyl donors can have a tremendous impact on their reactivity and the stereochemical outcome of their glycosylation reactions. Here, we used a combination of systematic glycosylation reactions, the characterization of potential reactive intermediates, and in-depth computational studies to study the disparate behavior of glycosylation systems involving benzylidene glucosyl and mannosyl donors. While these systems have been studied extensively, no satisfactory explanations are available for the differences observed between the 3-O-benzyl/benzoyl mannose and glucose donor systems. The potential energy surfaces of the different reaction pathways available for these donors provide an explanation for the contrasting behavior of seemingly very similar systems. Evidence has been provided for the intermediacy of benzylidene mannosyl 1,3-dioxanium ions, while the formation of the analogous 1,3-glucosyl dioxanium ions is thwarted by a prohibitively strong flagpole interaction of the C-2-O-benzyl group with the C-5 proton in moving toward the transition state, in which the glucose ring adopts a B2,5-conformation. This study provides an explanation for the intermediacy of 1,3-dioxanium ions in the mannosyl system and an answer to why these do not form from analogous glucosyl donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wouter
A. Remmerswaal
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, Leiden 2300 RA, The Netherlands
| | - Hidde Elferink
- Institute
for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, Nijmegen 6525 AJ, The Netherlands
| | - Kas J. Houthuijs
- Institute
for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Radboud University, Toernooiveld 7, Nijmegen 6525 ED, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Hansen
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, Leiden 2300 RA, The Netherlands
- Department
of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular
and Life Sciences (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit
Amsterdam, De Boelelaan
1108, Amsterdam 1081 HZ, The Netherlands
| | - Floor ter Braak
- Institute
for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, Nijmegen 6525 AJ, The Netherlands
| | - Giel Berden
- Institute
for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Radboud University, Toernooiveld 7, Nijmegen 6525 ED, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan van der Vorm
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, Leiden 2300 RA, The Netherlands
| | - Jonathan Martens
- Institute
for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Radboud University, Toernooiveld 7, Nijmegen 6525 ED, The Netherlands
| | - Jos Oomens
- Institute
for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Radboud University, Toernooiveld 7, Nijmegen 6525 ED, The Netherlands
| | | | - Thomas J. Boltje
- Institute
for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, Nijmegen 6525 AJ, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen D. C. Codée
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, Leiden 2300 RA, The Netherlands
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25
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Mamirgova ZZ, Zinin AI, Chizhov AO, Kononov LO. Synthesis of sialyl halides with various acyl protective groups. Carbohydr Res 2024; 536:109033. [PMID: 38295530 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2024.109033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Glycosyl halides are historically one of the first glycosyl donors used in glycosylation reactions, and interest in glycosylation reactions involving this class of glycosyl donors is currently increasing. New methods for their activation have been proposed and effective syntheses of oligosaccharides with their participation have been developed. At the same time, the possibilities of using these approaches to the synthesis of sialosides are restricted by the limited diversity of known sialyl halides (previously, mainly sialyl chlorides, less often sialyl bromides and sialyl fluorides, with acetyl (Ac) groups at the oxygen atoms and AcNH, Ac2N and N3 groups at C-5 were used). This work describes the synthesis of six new N-acetyl- and N-trifluoroacetyl-sialyl chlorides and bromides with O-chloroacetyl and O-trifluoroacetyl protective groups. Preparation of N,O-trifluoroacetyl protected derivatives was made possible due to development of the synthesis of sialic acid methyl ester pentaol with N-trifluoroacetyl group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zarina Z Mamirgova
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prosp. 47, 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander I Zinin
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prosp. 47, 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander O Chizhov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prosp. 47, 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Leonid O Kononov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prosp. 47, 119991, Russian Federation.
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26
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Orlova AV, Malysheva NN, Panova MV, Podvalnyy NM, Medvedev MG, Kononov LO. Comparison of glycosyl donors: a supramer approach. Beilstein J Org Chem 2024; 20:181-192. [PMID: 38318458 PMCID: PMC10840533 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.20.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of new methods for chemical glycosylation commonly includes comparison of various glycosyl donors. An attempted comparison of chemical properties of two sialic acid-based thioglycoside glycosyl donors, differing only in the substituent at O-9 (trifluoroacetyl vs chloroacetyl), at different concentrations (0.05 and 0.15 mol·L-1) led to mutually excluding conclusions concerning their relative reactivity and selectivity, which prevented us from revealing a possible influence of remote protective groups at O-9 on glycosylation outcome. According to the results of the supramer analysis of the reaction solutions, this issue might be related to the formation of supramers of glycosyl donors differing in structure hence chemical properties. These results seem to imply that comparison of chemical properties of different glycosyl donors may not be as simple and straightforward as it is usually considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna V Orlova
- Laboratory of Glycochemistry, N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Nelly N Malysheva
- Laboratory of Glycochemistry, N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Maria V Panova
- Laboratory of Glycochemistry, N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Nikita M Podvalnyy
- Laboratory of Glycochemistry, N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Michael G Medvedev
- Theoretical Chemistry Group, N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Leonid O Kononov
- Laboratory of Glycochemistry, N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Moscow, Russian Federation
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27
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Ma W, Kirchhoff JL, Strohmann C, Grabe B, Loh CCJ. Cooperative Bifurcated Chalcogen Bonding and Hydrogen Bonding as Stereocontrolling Elements for Selective Strain-Release Septanosylation. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:26611-26622. [PMID: 38032866 PMCID: PMC10722516 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c06984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
The exploitation of noncovalent interactions (NCIs) is emerging as a vital handle in tackling broad stereoselectivity challenges in synthesis. In particular, there has been significant recent interest in the harnessing of unconventional NCIs to surmount difficult selectivity challenges in glycosylations. Herein, we disclose the exploitation of an unconventional bifurcated chalcogen bonding and hydrogen bonding (HB) network, which paves the way for a robust catalytic strategy into biologically useful seven-membered ring sugars. Through 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) in situ monitoring, NMR titration experiments, and density functional theory (DFT) modeling, we propose a remarkable contemporaneous activation of multiple functional groups consisting of a bifurcated chalcogen bonding mechanism working hand-in-hand with HB activation. Significantly, the ester moiety installed on the glycosyl donor is critical in the establishment of the postulated ternary complex for stereocontrol. Through the 13C kinetic isotopic effect and kinetic studies, our data corroborated that a dissociative SNi-type mechanism forms the stereocontrolling basis for the excellent α-selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenpeng Ma
- Abteilung
Chemische Biologie, Max-Planck-Institut
für Molekulare Physiologie, Otto-Hahn-Straße 11, Dortmund 44227, Germany
- Fakultät
für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Straße 4a, Dortmund 44227, Germany
| | - Jan-Lukas Kirchhoff
- Fakultät
für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Straße 6, Dortmund 44227, Germany
| | - Carsten Strohmann
- Fakultät
für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Straße 6, Dortmund 44227, Germany
| | - Bastian Grabe
- Fakultät
für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Straße 4a, Dortmund 44227, Germany
| | - Charles C. J. Loh
- Abteilung
Chemische Biologie, Max-Planck-Institut
für Molekulare Physiologie, Otto-Hahn-Straße 11, Dortmund 44227, Germany
- Fakultät
für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Straße 4a, Dortmund 44227, Germany
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28
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de Kleijne FFJ, Ter Braak F, Piperoudis D, Moons PH, Moons SJ, Elferink H, White PB, Boltje TJ. Detection and Characterization of Rapidly Equilibrating Glycosylation Reaction Intermediates Using Exchange NMR. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:26190-26201. [PMID: 38008912 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c08709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
The stereoselective introduction of glycosidic bonds (glycosylation) is one of the main challenges in the chemical synthesis of carbohydrates. Glycosylation reaction mechanisms are difficult to control because, in many cases, the exact reactive species driving product formation cannot be detected and the product outcome cannot be explained by the primary reaction intermediate observed. In these cases, reactions are expected to take place via other low-abundance reaction intermediates that are in rapid equilibrium with the primary reaction intermediate via a Curtin-Hammett scenario. Despite this principle being well-known in organic synthesis, mechanistic studies investigating this model in glycosylation reactions are complicated by the challenge of detecting the extremely short-lived reactive species responsible for product formation. Herein, we report the utilization of the chemical equilibrium between low-abundance reaction intermediates and the stable, readily observed α-glycosyl triflate intermediate in order to infer the structure of the former species by employing exchange NMR. Using this technique, we enabled the detection of reaction intermediates such as β-glycosyl triflates and glycosyl dioxanium ions. This demonstrates the power of exchange NMR to unravel reaction mechanisms as we aim to build a catalog of kinetic parameters, allowing for the understanding and eventual prediction of glycosylation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank F J de Kleijne
- Institute for Molecules and Materials (IMM), Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Radboud University, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Floor Ter Braak
- Institute for Molecules and Materials (IMM), Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Radboud University, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Dimitrios Piperoudis
- Institute for Molecules and Materials (IMM), Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Radboud University, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter H Moons
- Institute for Molecules and Materials (IMM), Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Radboud University, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Sam J Moons
- Institute for Molecules and Materials (IMM), Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Radboud University, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Hidde Elferink
- Institute for Molecules and Materials (IMM), Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Radboud University, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Paul B White
- Institute for Molecules and Materials (IMM), Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Radboud University, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas J Boltje
- Institute for Molecules and Materials (IMM), Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Radboud University, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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29
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Cai J, Yuan X, Kong Y, Hu Y, Li J, Jiang S, Dong C, Ding K. Chemical approaches for the stereocontrolled synthesis of 1,2-cis-β-D-rhamnosides. Chin J Nat Med 2023; 21:886-901. [PMID: 38143103 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(23)60408-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
In carbohydrate chemistry, the stereoselective synthesis of 1,2-cis-glycosides remains a formidable challenge. This complexity is comparable to the synthesis of 1,2-cis-β-D-mannosides, primarily due to the adverse anomeric and Δ-2 effects. Over the past decades, to attain β-stereoselectivity in D-rhamnosylation, researchers have devised numerous direct and indirect methodologies, including the hydrogen-bond-mediated aglycone delivery (HAD) method, the synthesis of β-D-mannoside paired with C6 deoxygenation, and the combined approach of 1,2-trans-glycosylation and C2 epimerization. This review elaborates on the advancements in β-D-rhamnosylation and its implications for the total synthesis of tiacumicin B and other physiologically relevant glycans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juntao Cai
- Henan Polysaccharide Research Center, Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Polysaccharides and Drugs Research, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
| | - Xin Yuan
- Henan Polysaccharide Research Center, Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Polysaccharides and Drugs Research, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Yuanfang Kong
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Yulong Hu
- Henan Polysaccharide Research Center, Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Polysaccharides and Drugs Research, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Jieming Li
- Henan Polysaccharide Research Center, Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Polysaccharides and Drugs Research, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Shiqing Jiang
- Henan Polysaccharide Research Center, Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Polysaccharides and Drugs Research, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450000, China.
| | - Chunhong Dong
- Henan Polysaccharide Research Center, Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Polysaccharides and Drugs Research, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
| | - Kan Ding
- Henan Polysaccharide Research Center, Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Polysaccharides and Drugs Research, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Carbohydrate-Based Drug Research Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
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30
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Imperio D, Brentazzoli M, Valloni F, Minassi A, Panza L. Iodine-triphenylphosphine triggers an easy one-pot alpha stereoselective dehydrative glycosylation on hemiacetalic benzylated glycosyl donors. Carbohydr Res 2023; 533:108944. [PMID: 37729855 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2023.108944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of new glycosylation reactions is still a major challenge in carbohydrate chemistry. Traditional glycosylation reactions require the preparation of sugar donors with anomeric active or latent leaving groups. Dehydrative glycosylation is a fascinating alternative that enables the direct formation of the glycosidic bond from the hemiacetal, eliminating the need for (sometimes unstable) leaving groups, and allowing to reduce reaction, work-up, and purification times. Although some interesting methods of dehydrative glycosylation have been reported, in order to compete with conventional chemical glycosylation, a greater number of efficient and stereoselective methods need to be developed. Herein, a dehydrative procedure that uses a combination of iodine, triphenylphosphine, and a base (DMAP or imidazole) is described. This methodology allows for the preparation of sugar derivatives from commercially available 1-hydroxy glycosyl donors. The reaction takes place under mild conditions through the in situ-formation of an anomeric iodide intermediate, which, upon reaction with an alcohol, gives the corresponding glycosides up to quantitative yields and with high α-stereoselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Imperio
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universita del Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Marco Brentazzoli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universita del Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Filippo Valloni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universita del Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Alberto Minassi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universita del Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Luigi Panza
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universita del Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2, 28100, Novara, Italy.
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31
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Fukaya M, Nagamine S, Ozaki T, Liu Y, Ozeki M, Matsuyama T, Miyamoto K, Kawagishi H, Uchiyama M, Oikawa H, Minami A. Total Biosynthesis of Melleolides from Basidiomycota Fungi: Mechanistic Analysis of the Multifunctional GMC Oxidase Mld7. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202308881. [PMID: 37534412 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202308881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Mushroom terpenoids are biologically and chemically diverse fungal metabolites. Among them, melleolides are representative sesquiterpenoids with a characteristic protoilludane skeleton. In this study, we applied a recently established hot spot knock-in method to elucidate the biosynthetic pathway leading to 1α-hydroxymelleolide. The biosynthesis of the sesquiterpene core involves the cytochrome P450 catalyzing stepwise hydroxylation of the Δ6 -protoilludene framework and a stereochemical inversion process at the C5 position catalyzed by short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase family proteins. The highlight of the biosynthesis is that the flavoprotein Mld7 catalyzes an oxidation-triggered double-bond shift accompanying dehydration and acyl-group-assisted substitution with two different nucleophiles at the C6 position to afford the Δ7 -protoilludene derivatives, such as melleolide and armillarivin. The complex reaction mechanism was proposed by DFT calculations. Of particular importance is that product distribution is regulated by interaction with the cell membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsunori Fukaya
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Shota Nagamine
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Taro Ozaki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Yaping Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Miina Ozeki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Taro Matsuyama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Kazunori Miyamoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Kawagishi
- Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
- Research Institute for Mushroom Science, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan
| | - Masanobu Uchiyama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hideaki Oikawa
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
- Innovation Center of Marine Biotechnology and Pharmaceuticals, School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529020, China
| | - Atsushi Minami
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
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32
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Chang CW, Lin MH, Chiang TY, Wu CH, Lin TC, Wang CC. Unraveling the promoter effect and the roles of counterion exchange in glycosylation reaction. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadk0531. [PMID: 37851803 PMCID: PMC10584349 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adk0531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
The stereoselectivity of glycosidic bond formation continues to pose a noteworthy hurdle in synthesizing carbohydrates, primarily due to the simultaneous occurrence of SN1 and SN2 processes during the glycosylation reaction. Here, we applied an in-depth analysis of the glycosylation mechanism by using low-temperature nuclear magnetic resonance and statistical approaches. A pathway driven by counterion exchanges and reaction byproducts was first discovered to outline the stereocontributions of intermediates. Moreover, the relative reactivity values, acceptor nucleophilic constants, and Hammett substituent constants (σ values) provided a general index to indicate the mechanistic pathways. These results could allow building block tailoring and reaction condition optimization in carbohydrate synthesis to be greatly facilitated and simplified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Wei Chang
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Huei Lin
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Tsun-Yi Chiang
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hui Wu
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Chun Lin
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chung Wang
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
- Chemical Biology and Molecular Biophysics Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program (TIGP), Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
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33
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Sun X, Chen Z, Yang R, Wang M, Wang X, Zhang Q, Xiao G. Modular and Stereoselective One-Pot Total Synthesis of Icosasaccharide Motif from Cordyceps sinensis EPS-1A Glycan. Org Lett 2023; 25:7364-7368. [PMID: 37787453 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c02842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
The first stereoselective one-pot synthesis of the icosasaccharide motif of EPS-1A glycan from Cordyceps sinensis has been achieved. The synthetic approach highlights the following features: (1) merging reagent modulation and remote anchimeric assistance α-glycosylation strategy for the highly stereoselective formation of five and ten continuous 1,2-cis glucosidic bonds; (2) the strategic employment of glycosyl N-phenyltrifluoroacetimidates and glycosyl o-(1-phenylvinyl)benzoates as the matched pair for efficient orthogonal one-pot synthesis; and (3) [11 + 8 + 1] orthogonal one-pot glycosylation for the efficient assembly of the target icosasaccharide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingchun Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, China
| | - Zhiyuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Rui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Mei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Kunming University, 2 Puxing Road, Kunming 650214, China
| | - Xiufang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Kunming University, 2 Puxing Road, Kunming 650214, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, China
| | - Guozhi Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
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34
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Chun Y, Remmerswaal WA, Codée JDC, Woerpel KA. Neighboring-Group Participation by C-2 Acyloxy Groups: Influence of the Nucleophile and Acyl Group on the Stereochemical Outcome of Acetal Substitution Reactions. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301894. [PMID: 37410662 PMCID: PMC10592418 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
A single acyloxy group at C-2 can control the outcome of nucleophilic substitution reactions of pyran-derived acetals, but the extent of the neighboring-group participation depends on a number of factors. We show here that neighboring-group participation does not necessarily control the stereochemical outcome of acetal substitution reactions with weak nucleophiles. The 1,2-trans selectivity increased with increasing reactivity of the incoming nucleophile. This trend suggests the intermediacy of both cis-fused dioxolenium ions and oxocarbenium ions in the stereochemistry-determining step. In addition, as the electron-donating ability of the neighboring group decreased, the preference for the 1,2-trans products increased. Computational studies show how the barriers for the ring-opening reaction on the dioxolenium ions and the transition states to provide the oxocarbenium ions change with the electron-donating capacity of the C-2-acyloxy group and the reactivity of the nucleophile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuge Chun
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Wouter A Remmerswaal
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen D C Codée
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - K A Woerpel
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, NY 10003, USA
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35
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Zhang Y, Chen C, Gao Y, Yang M, He Z, Zhang B, Gu G, Tang B, Cai F. β-l-Rhamnosylation and β-d-Mannosylation Mediated by 4- O-Ester Groups in a Weakly Nucleophilic Environment. Org Lett 2023; 25:7120-7125. [PMID: 37738091 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c02566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
eq-4-O-Acyl group directed β-rhamnosylation and β-mannosylation are achieved in a carborane or BARF anion formed weakly nucleophilic environment with the assistance of a 2,3-orthocarbonate group. The 4-O-acyl group plays a critical role in directing the β-selectivity, and the weakly coordinating anion is essential to amplify this direction. The orthocarbonate group could be readily removed with 1,3-propanediol in the presence of BF3·Et2O.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongliang Zhang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Key laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Rd Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Changsheng Chen
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Key laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Rd Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Yongtao Gao
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Key laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Rd Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Min Yang
- Center for Analysis and Characterization, School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Huaxia Middle Rd, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Zehuan He
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Key laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Rd Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Bangzhi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Guofeng Gu
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Key laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Rd Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Bencan Tang
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, The University of Nottingham Ningbo China, 199 Taikang E Rd, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Feng Cai
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Key laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Rd Qingdao 266237, China
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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36
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Ande C, Crich D. Stereodirecting Effect of Esters at the 4-Position of Galacto- and Glucopyranosyl Donors: Effect of 4- C-Methylation on Side-Chain Conformation and Donor Reactivity, and Influence of Concentration and Stoichiometry on Distal Group Participation. J Org Chem 2023; 88:13883-13893. [PMID: 37677151 PMCID: PMC10563135 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
When generated in a mass spectrometer bridged bicyclic 1,3-dioxenium ions derived from 4-O-acylgalactopyranosyl, donors can be observed by infrared spectroscopy at cryogenic temperatures, but they are not seen in the solution phase in contrast to the fused bicyclic 1,3-dioxalenium ions of neighboring group participation. The inclusion of a 4-C-methyl group into a 4-O-benzoyl galactopyranosyl donor enables nuclear magnetic resonance observation of the bicyclic ion arising from participation by the distal ester, with the methyl group influence attributed to ester ground state conformation destabilization. We show that a 4-C-methyl group also influences the side-chain conformation, enforcing a gauche,trans conformation in gluco and galactopyranosides. Competition experiments reveal that the 4-C-methyl group has only a minor influence on the rate of reaction of 4-O-benzoyl or 4-O-benzyl-galacto and glucopyranosyl donors and, consequently, that participation by the distal ester does not result in kinetic acceleration (anchimeric assistance). We demonstrate that the stereoselectivity of the 4-O-benzoyl-4-C-methyl galactopyranosyl donor depends on reaction concentration and additive (diphenyl sulfoxide) stoichiometry and hence that participation by the distal ester is a borderline phenomenon in competition with standard glycosylation mechanisms. An analysis of a recent paper affirming participation by a remote pivalate ester is presented with alternative explanations for the observed phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chennaiah Ande
- Department
of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, 250 West Green Street, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - David Crich
- Department
of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, 250 West Green Street, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Georgia, 302 East Campus Road, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
- Complex
Carbohydrate Research Center, University
of Georgia, 315 Riverbend
Road, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
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37
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Komarova BS, Novikova NS, Gerbst AG, Sinitsyna OA, Rubtsova EA, Kondratyeva EG, Sinitsyn AP, Nifantiev NE. Combination of 3- O-Levulinoyl and 6- O-Trifluorobenzoyl Groups Ensures α-Selectivity in Glucosylations: Synthesis of the Oligosaccharides Related to Aspergillus fumigatus α-(1 → 3)-d-Glucan. J Org Chem 2023; 88:12542-12564. [PMID: 37593939 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Stereospecific α-glucosylation of primary and secondary OH-group at carbohydrate acceptors is achieved using glucosyl N-phenyl-trifluoroacetimidate (PTFAI) donor protected with an electron-withdrawing 2,4,5-trifluorobenzoyl (TFB) group at O-6 and the participating levulinoyl (Lev) group at O-3. New factors have been revealed that might explain α-stereoselectivity in the case of TFB and pentafluorobenzoyl (PFB) groups at O-6. They are of conformational nature and confirmed by DFT calculations. The potential of this donor, as well as the orthogonality of TFB and Lev protecting groups, is showcased by the synthesis of α-(1 → 3)-linked pentaglucoside corresponding to Aspergillus fumigatus α-(1 → 3)-d-glucan and of its hexasaccharide derivative, bearing β-glucosamine residue at the non-reducing end.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bozhena S Komarova
- Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Chemistry, N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Natalia S Novikova
- Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Chemistry, N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Alexey G Gerbst
- Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Chemistry, N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Olga A Sinitsyna
- Department of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Vorobyevy Gory 1-11, Moscow 119992, Russia
| | - Ekaterina A Rubtsova
- FRC "Fundamentals of Biotechnology", Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospect 33-2, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Elena G Kondratyeva
- FRC "Fundamentals of Biotechnology", Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospect 33-2, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Arkady P Sinitsyn
- Department of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Vorobyevy Gory 1-11, Moscow 119992, Russia
- FRC "Fundamentals of Biotechnology", Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospect 33-2, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Nikolay E Nifantiev
- Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Chemistry, N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
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38
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Wang J, Lan X, Zhang S, Cai C, Zhang Q, Feng Y, Chai Y. S- o-( p-Methoxyphenylethynyl)benzyl (SMPEB) Glycosides for Catalytic Glycosylation and Their Application in the Synthesis of Polyporus Umbellatus Polysaccharides. Org Lett 2023; 25:6116-6121. [PMID: 37578318 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c02072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
We herein reported a new type of S-o-(p-methoxyphenylethynyl)benzyl donor for a highly efficient glycosylation method. The donor was activated by 10% Tf2O and underwent glycosylation with various acceptors to provide the corresponding glycosides in excellent yield. Furthermore, two repetitive fragments of Polyporus umbellatus polysaccharides (PUPs), isolated from traditional Chinese medicine "Polyporus umbellatus", were prepared by combining the "single-catalyst one-pot" and "latent-active" strategies for the first time for future clear studies on the structure-activity relationship of PUPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jincai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, P. R. China
| | - Xinguang Lan
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, P. R. China
| | - Shuangshuang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, P. R. China
| | - Chenglin Cai
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, P. R. China
| | - Qi Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, P. R. China
| | - Yingle Feng
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, P. R. China
| | - Yonghai Chai
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, P. R. China
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39
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Pramanik S, Mondal S, Chinarev A, Bovin NV, Saha J. Hydroxamate-directed access to β-Kdo glycosides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:10028-10031. [PMID: 37526627 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc02609d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
The reaction repertoire for forming transient aziridinone or azaoxyallyl cations from α-halohydroxamate is conceptually extended to design Kdo-glycosyl donors by installing the hydroxamate moiety at an anomeric centre, which is shown to be highly effective for stereoselective access to β-Kdo glycosides. The pivotal roles of hydroxamate over amide are revealed in control experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Pramanik
- Department of Biological and Synthetic Chemistry, Centre of Biomedical Research (CBMR), Lucknow 226014, India
| | - Soumik Mondal
- Department of Biological and Synthetic Chemistry, Centre of Biomedical Research (CBMR), Lucknow 226014, India
| | - Alexander Chinarev
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Nicolai V Bovin
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Jaideep Saha
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Mohali 160062, India.
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40
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Duan L, Nie Q, Hu Y, Wang L, Guo K, Zhou Z, Song X, Tu Y, Liu H, Hansen T, Sun JS, Zhang Q. Stereoselective Synthesis of the O-antigen of A. baumannii ATCC 17961 Using Long-Range Levulinoyl Group Participation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202306971. [PMID: 37327196 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202306971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we described the first synthesis of the pentasaccharide and decasaccharide of the A. baumannii ATCC 17961 O-antigen for developing a synthetic carbohydrate-based vaccine against A. baumannii infection. The efficient synthesis of the rare sugar 2,3-diacetamido-glucuronate was achieved using our recently introduced organocatalytic glycosylation method. We found, for the first time, that long-range levulinoyl group participation via a hydrogen bond can result in a significantly improved β-selectivity in glycosylations. This solves the stereoselectivity problem of highly branched galactose acceptors. The proposed mechanism was supported by control experiments and DFT computations. Benefiting from the long-range levulinoyl group participation strategy, the pentasaccharide donor and acceptor were obtained via an efficient [2+1+2] one-pot glycosylation method and were used for the target decasaccharide synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangshen Duan
- National Research Centre for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nan Chang, 330022, China
| | - Qin Nie
- National Research Centre for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nan Chang, 330022, China
| | - Yongxin Hu
- National Research Centre for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nan Chang, 330022, China
| | - Liming Wang
- National Research Centre for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nan Chang, 330022, China
| | - Kaiyan Guo
- National Research Centre for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nan Chang, 330022, China
| | - Zhuoyi Zhou
- National Research Centre for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nan Chang, 330022, China
| | - Xu Song
- National Research Centre for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nan Chang, 330022, China
| | - Yuanhong Tu
- National Research Centre for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nan Chang, 330022, China
| | - Hui Liu
- National Research Centre for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nan Chang, 330022, China
| | - Thomas Hansen
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling (ACMM), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV, Amsterdam (The, Netherlands
| | - Jian-Song Sun
- National Research Centre for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nan Chang, 330022, China
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, and Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Qingju Zhang
- National Research Centre for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nan Chang, 330022, China
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41
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Lu IC, Cheng KC, Wang YF, Pan CW, Hung JS, Mong KKT. Orthogonal Glycosylation with Phosphate Acceptors for Expeditious Synthesis of Bacterial Inner Core Oligosaccharides. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202300424. [PMID: 37339944 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202300424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
We report a practical one-pot glycosylation strategy for synthesis of bacterial inner core oligosaccharides that composed of unavailable L-glycero-D-manno and D-glycero-D-manno-heptopyranose components. The glycosylation method features a new orthogonal glycosylation procedure; whereby a phosphate acceptor is coupled with a thioglycosyl donor producing a disaccharide phosphate, which can be engaged in another orthogonal glycosylation procedure to couple with a thioglycosyl acceptor. The phosphate acceptors used in above one-pot procedure are directly prepared from thioglycosyl acceptors via the in-situ phosphorylation. Such phosphate acceptor preparation protocol eliminates the traditional protection and deprotection procedures. Based on the new one-pot glycosylation strategy, two partial inner core structures of Yersinia pestis lipopolysaccharide and Haemophilus ducreyi lipooligosaccharide were acquired.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Chen Lu
- Applied Chemistry Department, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001, University Road, East District, Hsinchu City, 30093, R.O.C., Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Chun Cheng
- Applied Chemistry Department, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001, University Road, East District, Hsinchu City, 30093, R.O.C., Taiwan
| | - Yi-Fang Wang
- Applied Chemistry Department, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001, University Road, East District, Hsinchu City, 30093, R.O.C., Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wei Pan
- Applied Chemistry Department, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001, University Road, East District, Hsinchu City, 30093, R.O.C., Taiwan
| | - Jan-Siang Hung
- Applied Chemistry Department, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001, University Road, East District, Hsinchu City, 30093, R.O.C., Taiwan
| | - Kwok-Kong Tony Mong
- Applied Chemistry Department, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001, University Road, East District, Hsinchu City, 30093, R.O.C., Taiwan
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42
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Lassfolk R, Leino R. Mechanism of Acyl Group Migration in Carbohydrates. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301489. [PMID: 37265378 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Acyl group migration has been the subject of several studies. Such migration processes may cause problems during synthesis, isolation, and purification of different acyl-bearing compounds, and have biological relevance, for example, in the metabolism of pharmaceuticals. Considering the recent evidence of acyl group migration being possible even over glycosidic bonds, it could be hypothesized to be involved also in the regulation of biological activity of natural polysaccharides in the host cells. Migrations are mostly observed in carbohydrates, typically having several hydroxyl groups near each other. Several studies have investigated the migration in a single or only a few different carbohydrate molecules, providing different suggestions for the mechanisms of migration, seldom supported by comprehensive computational investigations. In this concept article we discuss the recent progress on the mechanistic aspects of acyl group migration, with carbohydrates in particular focus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Lassfolk
- Turku Centre for Chemical and Molecular Analytics, Åbo Akademi University, 20500, Turku, Finland
| | - Reko Leino
- Laboratory of Molecular Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, 20500, Turku, Finland
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43
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Davidson J, Gauthier-Signore C, Auzanneau FI. Synthesis of Dimeric Lewis A and Lewis B-Lewis A Tumor-Associated Carbohydrate Antigen Oligosaccharide Fragments. J Org Chem 2023; 88:5554-5562. [PMID: 37023470 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Despite the interesting potential of tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens (TACAs) dimLea and LebLea to develop anticancer immunotherapies, little research has been conducted on these antigens. In our quest to discover fragments of these TACAs that could be targeted for the development of anticancer therapeutics, we report the synthesis of eight tri- to pentasaccharide fragments of these oligosaccharides. Unforeseen synthetic challenges are reported such as the incompatibility of a bromoalkyl glycoside in the reduction conditions needed to reduce a trichloroacetamide, the mismatched reactivities in a 2 + 1 synthetic strategy, and the surprising greater reactivity of a C-4 GlcNAc hydroxyl group versus that of the galactosyl OH-3 in the selective glycosylation of a trisaccharide diol. The desired final compounds were eventually obtained following a stepwise approach as nonyl or 9-aminononyl glycosides after one-step deprotection reactions in dissolving metal conditions. The 9-aminononyl glycosides will be conjugated to carrier proteins and the nonyl pentasaccharide glycoside will be used as a soluble inhibitor in binding experiments. In contrast, the nonyl tetrasaccharide glycosides are poorly soluble in water and their use in biochemical experiments will be limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Davidson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
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44
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Liang XY, Liu AL, Shawn Fan HJ, Wang L, Xu ZN, Ding XG, Huang BS. TsOH-catalyzed acyl migration reaction of the Bz-group: innovative assembly of various building blocks for the synthesis of saccharides. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:1537-1548. [PMID: 36723045 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob02052a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
We developed an efficient method to achieve the regioselective acyl migration of benzoyl ester. In all the cases, the reactions required only the commercially available organic acid catalyst TsOH·H2O. This method enables the benzoyl group to migrate from secondary groups to primary hydroxyl groups, or from equatorial secondary hydroxyl groups to axial hydroxyl groups. The 1,2 or 1,3 acyl migration would potentially occur via five- and six-membered cyclic ortho acid intermediates. A wide range of orthogonally protected monosaccharides, which are useful intermediates for the synthesis of natural oligosaccharides, were synthesized. Finally, to demonstrate the utility of the method, a tetrasaccharide portion from a mycobacterial cell wall polysaccharide was assembled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Yong Liang
- School of Chemistry Engineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong 643000, China.
| | - An-Lin Liu
- School of Chemistry Engineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong 643000, China.
| | - Hua-Jun Shawn Fan
- School of Chemistry Engineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong 643000, China.
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Chemistry Engineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong 643000, China.
| | - Zhi-Ning Xu
- School of Chemistry Engineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong 643000, China.
| | - Xin-Gang Ding
- School of Chemistry Engineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong 643000, China.
| | - Bo-Shun Huang
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, California 91125, USA.
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45
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Ma Z, Hu Y, Li X, Liu R, Xia E, Xu P, Yang Y. Stereoselective synthesis of α-glucosides with glucosyl (Z)-Ynenoates as donors. Carbohydr Res 2023; 523:108710. [PMID: 36370627 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2022.108710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A SPhosAuNTf2-promoted DMF-modulated glycosylation approach with glycosyl (Z)-ynenoates as donors was developed for highly α-selective synthesis of various linkage types of α-glucans. The substituent groups were also found to play a significant role in the α-selective glucosylation reactions. The glycosylation approach was effectively applied to the stereospecific synthesis of the α-1,6-linked triglucoside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Ma
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Yi Hu
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Xiaona Li
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Rongkun Liu
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - E Xia
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Peng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - You Yang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China.
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46
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Zhao G, Mukherjee U, Zhou L, Mauro JN, Wu Y, Liu P, Ngai MY. Excited-State Palladium-Catalyzed α-Selective C1-Ketonylation. CCS CHEMISTRY 2023; 5:106-116. [PMID: 36920159 PMCID: PMC10010662 DOI: 10.31635/ccschem.022.202202282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
C-Glycosides are important carbohydrate mimetics found in natural products, bioactive compounds, and marketed drugs. However, stereoselective preparation of this class of glycomimetics remains a significant challenge in organic synthesis. Herein, we report an excited-state palladium-catalyzed α-selective C-ketonylation strategy using readily available 1-bromosugars to access a range of C-glycosides. The reaction features excellent α-selectivity and mild conditions that tolerate a wide range of functional groups and complex molecular architectures. The resulting α-ketonylsugars can serve as versatile precursors for their β-isomers and other C-glycosides. Preliminary experimental and computational studies of the mechanism suggest a radical pathway involving the formation of palladoradical and glycosyl radical that undergoes polarity-mismatched coupling with silyl enol ether, affording the desired α-ketonylsugars. Insight into the reactivity and mechanism will inspire new reaction development and provide straightforward access to both α- and β-C-glycosides, greatly expanding the chemical and patent spaces of glycomimetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaoyuan Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, the State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - Upasana Mukherjee
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, the State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - Lin Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260
| | - Jaclyn N Mauro
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, the State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - Yue Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260
| | - Ming-Yu Ngai
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260
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47
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Sasaki K, Uesaki N. Conformationally restricted donors for stereoselective glycosylation. Adv Carbohydr Chem Biochem 2022; 82:107-155. [PMID: 36470647 DOI: 10.1016/bs.accb.2022.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In nucleophilic reactions using sugars as electrophiles, i.e., glycosyl donors, their conformation affects the generation rate or stability of the glycosyl cation intermediates and determines at which side of the SN2-SN1 borderline and at what rate the reaction occurs. In addition, changes in the conformation create the steric or stereoelectronic effects of the substituents, which also change the reaction rate and stereoselectivity. Bulky silyl protecting groups, uronic acid esters, and transannular structures have been utilized to change the conformation. Consequently, reactions with unique reactivities and stereoselectivities have been developed. In this chapter, a discussion of the reaction mechanisms relating stereoselectivity to conformation is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaname Sasaki
- Department of Chemistry, Toho University, Funabashi, Japan.
| | - Nanako Uesaki
- Department of Chemistry, Toho University, Funabashi, Japan
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48
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Neralkar M, Xu B, Horiya S, Krauss IJ. Large-Scale Synthesis of Man 9GlcNAc 2 High-Mannose Glycan and the Effect of the Glycan Core on Multivalent Recognition by HIV Antibody 2G12. ACS Infect Dis 2022; 8:2232-2241. [PMID: 36278940 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.2c00442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Access to homogeneous high-mannose glycans in high-mg quantities is necessary for carbohydrate-based HIV vaccine development research. We have used directed evolution to design highly antigenic oligomannose clusters that are recognized in low-nM affinity by HIV antibodies. Herein we report an optimized large-scale synthesis of Man9GlcNAc2 including improved building block synthesis and a fully stereoselective 5 + 6 coupling, yielding 290 mg of glycan. We then use this glycan to study the effect of the GlcNAc2 core on the antigenicity of an evolved 2G12-binding glycopeptide, 10F2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Neralkar
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454, United States
| | - Bokai Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454, United States
| | - Satoru Horiya
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454, United States
| | - Isaac J Krauss
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454, United States
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49
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Elferink H, Remmerswaal WA, Houthuijs KJ, Jansen O, Hansen T, Rijs AM, Berden G, Martens J, Oomens J, Codée JDC, Boltje TJ. Competing C-4 and C-5-Acyl Stabilization of Uronic Acid Glycosyl Cations. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201724. [PMID: 35959853 PMCID: PMC9825916 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Uronic acids are carbohydrates carrying a terminal carboxylic acid and have a unique reactivity in stereoselective glycosylation reactions. Herein, the competing intramolecular stabilization of uronic acid cations by the C-5 carboxylic acid or the C-4 acetyl group was studied with infrared ion spectroscopy (IRIS). IRIS reveals that a mixture of bridged ions is formed, in which the mixture is driven towards the C-1,C-5 dioxolanium ion when the C-5,C-2-relationship is cis, and towards the formation of the C-1,C-4 dioxepanium ion when this relation is trans. Isomer-population analysis and interconversion barrier computations show that the two bridged structures are not in dynamic equilibrium and that their ratio parallels the density functional theory computed stability of the structures. These studies reveal how the intrinsic interplay of the different functional groups influences the formation of the different regioisomeric products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidde Elferink
- Institute for Molecules and MaterialsSynthetic Organic ChemistryRadboud University NijmegenHeyendaalseweg 1356525 AJNijmegen (TheNetherlands
| | - Wouter A. Remmerswaal
- Leiden Institute of ChemistryLeiden UniversityEinsteinweg 552333 CCLeiden (TheNetherlands
| | - Kas J. Houthuijs
- Institute for Molecules and MaterialsFELIX LaboratoryRadboud University NijmegenToernooiveld 76525 EDNijmegen (TheNetherlands
| | - Oscar Jansen
- Institute for Molecules and MaterialsFELIX LaboratoryRadboud University NijmegenToernooiveld 76525 EDNijmegen (TheNetherlands
| | - Thomas Hansen
- Leiden Institute of ChemistryLeiden UniversityEinsteinweg 552333 CCLeiden (TheNetherlands
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica & IQTUBUniversitat de Barcelona08028BarcelonaSpain
| | - Anouk M. Rijs
- Institute for Molecules and MaterialsFELIX LaboratoryRadboud University NijmegenToernooiveld 76525 EDNijmegen (TheNetherlands
- Division of BioAnalytical ChemistryDepartment of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesAIMMS Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life SciencesVrije Univeristeit AmsterdamDe Boelelaan 10851081 HVAmsterdam (TheNetherlands
| | - Giel Berden
- Institute for Molecules and MaterialsFELIX LaboratoryRadboud University NijmegenToernooiveld 76525 EDNijmegen (TheNetherlands
| | - Jonathan Martens
- Institute for Molecules and MaterialsFELIX LaboratoryRadboud University NijmegenToernooiveld 76525 EDNijmegen (TheNetherlands
| | - Jos Oomens
- Institute for Molecules and MaterialsFELIX LaboratoryRadboud University NijmegenToernooiveld 76525 EDNijmegen (TheNetherlands
| | - Jeroen D. C. Codée
- Leiden Institute of ChemistryLeiden UniversityEinsteinweg 552333 CCLeiden (TheNetherlands
| | - Thomas J. Boltje
- Institute for Molecules and MaterialsSynthetic Organic ChemistryRadboud University NijmegenHeyendaalseweg 1356525 AJNijmegen (TheNetherlands
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50
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Trinderup HH, Juul-Madsen L, Press L, Madsen M, Jensen HH. α-Selective Glucosylation Can Be Achieved with 6- O- para-Nitrobenzoyl Protection. J Org Chem 2022; 87:13763-13789. [PMID: 36206491 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A systematic study of the effect of various 6-O-acyl groups on anomeric selectivity in glucosylations with thioglycoside donors was conducted. All eight different esters were found to induce moderate-to-high α-selectivity in glucosylation with l-menthol with the best being 6-O-p-nitrobenzoyl. The effect appears to be general across various glucosyl acceptors, glucosyl donor types, and modes of activation. No evidence was found in favor of distal participation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helle H Trinderup
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Line Juul-Madsen
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Laura Press
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Michael Madsen
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Henrik H Jensen
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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