1
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Hong F, Robertson CM, Bower JF. An Aza-Enolate Strategy Enables Iridium-Catalyzed Enantioselective Hydroalkenylations of Minimally Polarized Alkenes en Route to Complex N-Aryl β 2-Amino Acids. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:22923-22929. [PMID: 39106062 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c07519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
Cationic Ir(I)-complexes modified with homochiral diphosphines promote the hydroalkenylative cross-coupling of β-(arylamino)acrylates with monosubstituted styrenes and α-olefins. The processes are dependent on the presence of an NH unit, and it is postulated that metalation of this generates an iridium aza-enolate that engages the alkene during the C-C bond forming event. The method offers high branched selectivity and enantioselectivity and occurs with complete atom economy. Diastereocontrolled reduction of the products provides β2-amino acids that possess contiguous stereocenters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenglin Hong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Craig M Robertson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
| | - John F Bower
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
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2
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Li F, Luo Y, Ren J, Yuan Q, Yan D, Zhang W. Iridium-Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydroarylation of Unactivated Alkenes with Heterobiaryls: Simultaneous Construction of Axial and Central Chirality. Org Lett 2024; 26:6835-6840. [PMID: 39110942 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c02282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
There are only a few examples being reported for the simultaneous control of central chirality and axial chirality because it is more challenging. Herein, we report an iridium-catalyzed asymmetric hydroarylation of unactivated alkenes with heterobiaryls to simultaneously construct axial and central chirality. The reaction showed a broad substrate scope and delivered the products with satisfactory results. The results of the control experiments demonstrated that the FerroLANE ligand promotes the reaction to proceed along a specific modified Chalk-Harrod mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Yicong Luo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Jinbao Ren
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Qianjia Yuan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Deyue Yan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Wanbin Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
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3
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Wei F, Zhang Y. Ligand-Enabled Palladium-Catalyzed [3 + 2] Annulation of Aryl Iodides with Maleimides via C(sp 3)-H Activation. Org Lett 2024; 26:6209-6213. [PMID: 38994868 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c02138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Palladium-catalyzed intermolecular [3 + 2] annulation reactions via C-H activation represent a powerful and charming tool for assembling cyclopentanes. Herein, we have developed a strategy for the palladium-catalyzed intermolecular alkene-relayed annulation reaction of aryl iodides and maleimides via C(sp3)-H activation for the construction of polycyclic structures. In contrast to directed-group-enabled intermolecular maleimide-relayed [3 + 2] annulation reactions, this protocol stands out for its utilization of aryl iodides as substrates. Notably, monoprotected amino acids played a crucial role as ligands in this reaction, which is rarely observed in C-H activation reactions initiated with organohalides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wei
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yanghui Zhang
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
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4
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Lu F, Su F, Pan S, Wu X, Wu X, Chi YR. N-Heterocyclic Carbene Enabled Functionalization of Inert C(Sp 3)-H Bonds via Hydrogen Atom Transfer (HAT) Processes. Chemistry 2024:e202401811. [PMID: 39092881 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202401811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Developing methods to directly transform C(sp3) -H bonds is crucial in synthetic chemistry due to their prevalence in various organic compounds. While conventional protocols have largely relied on transition metal catalysis, recent advancements in organocatalysis, particularly with radical NHC catalysis have sparked interest in the direct functionalization of "inert" C(sp3) -H bonds for cross C-C coupling with carbonyl moieties. This strategy involves selective cleavage of C(sp3) -H bonds to generate key carbon radicals, often achieved via hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) processes. By leveraging the bond dissociation energy (BDE) and polarity effects, HAT enables the rapid functionalization of diverse C(sp3)-H substrates, such as ethers, amines, and alkanes. This mini-review summarizes the progress in carbene organocatalytic functionalization of inert C(sp3)-H bonds enabled by HAT processes, categorizing them into two sections: 1) C-H functionalization involving acyl azolium intermediates; and 2) functionalization of C-H bonds via reductive Breslow intermediates.
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Grants
- U23A20201, 22071036 National Natural Science Foundation of China
- 2022YFD1700300 National Key Research and Development Program of China
- (2022)47) National Natural Science Fund for Excellent Young Scientists Fund Program (Overseas)-YQHW, the starting grant of Guizhou University
- [Qiankehejichu-ZK[2024]yiban030 Science and Technology Department of Guizhou Province
- 111 Program, D20023 Program of Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities of China (111 Program, D20023) at Guizhou University
- [Qianjiaohe KY (2020)004] Frontiers Science Center for Asymmetric Synthesis and Medicinal Molecules, Department of Education, Guizhou Province
- MOE AcRF Tier 1 Award (RG84/22, RG70/21), MOE AcRF Tier 2 (MOE-T2EP10222-0006), and MOE AcRF Tier 3 Award (MOE2018-T3-1-003) Ministry of Education, Singapore
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengfei Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticides, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Fen Su
- State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticides, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Shijie Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticides, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Xiuli Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticides, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Xingxing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticides, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Yonggui Robin Chi
- State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticides, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang, 550025, China
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
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5
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Zhao JH, Zheng L, Zou JY, Zhang SY, Shen HC, Wu Y, Wang P. Construction of Si-Stereogenic Silanols by Palladium-Catalyzed Enantioselective C-H Alkenylation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202402612. [PMID: 38410071 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202402612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
The construction of silicon-stereogenic silanols via Pd-catalyzed intermolecular C-H alkenylation with the assistance of a commercially available L-pyroglutamic acid has been realized for the first time. Employing oxime ether as the directing group, silicon-stereogenic silanol derivatives could be readily prepared with excellent enantioselectivities, featuring a broad substrate scope and good functional group tolerance. Moreover, parallel kinetic resolution with unsymmetric substrates further highlighted the generality of this protocol. Mechanistic studies indicate that L-pyroglutamic acid could stabilize the Pd catalyst and provide excellent chiral induction. Preliminary computational studies unveil the origin of the enantioselectivity in the C-H bond activation step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Hui Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Long Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jian-Ye Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Sheng-Ye Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Hua-Chen Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yichen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Peng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- School of Chemistry and Material Sciences, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, China
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, China
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6
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Chen W, Xu H, Liu FX, Chen K, Zhou Z, Yi W. Chiral Osmium(II)/Salox Species Enabled Enantioselective γ-C(sp 3)-H Amidation: Integrated Experimental and Computational Validation For the Ligand Design and Reaction Development. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202401498. [PMID: 38499469 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202401498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Herein, multiple types of chiral Os(II) complexes have been designed to address the appealing yet challenging asymmetric C(sp3)-H functionalization, among which the Os(II)/Salox species is found to be the most efficient for precise stereocontrol in realizing the asymmetric C(sp3)-H amidation. As exemplified by the enantioenriched pyrrolidinone synthesis, such tailored Os(II)/Salox catalyst efficiently enables an intramolecular site-/enantioselective C(sp3)-H amidation in the γ-position of dioxazolone substrates, in which benzyl, propargyl and allyl groups bearing various substituted forms are well compatible, affording the corresponding chiral γ-lactam products with good er values (up to 99 : 1) and diverse functionality (>35 examples). The unique performance advantage of the developed chiral Os(II)/Salox system in terms of the catalytic energy profile and the chiral induction has been further clarified by integrated experimental and computational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Chen
- the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 511436, China
| | - Huiying Xu
- the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 511436, China
| | - Fu-Xiaomin Liu
- the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 511436, China
| | - Kaifeng Chen
- the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 511436, China
| | - Zhi Zhou
- the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 511436, China
| | - Wei Yi
- the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 511436, China
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7
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Deng KZ, Sukowski V, Fernández-Ibáñez MÁ. Non-Directed C-H Arylation of Anisole Derivatives via Pd/S,O-Ligand Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202400689. [PMID: 38401127 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202400689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Non-directed C-H arylation is one of the most efficient methods to synthesize biaryl compounds without the need of the prefuctionalization of starting materials, or the installment and removal of directing groups on the substrate. A direct C-H arylation of simple arenes as limiting reactants remains a challenge. Here we disclose a non-directed C-H arylation of anisole derivatives as limiting reagents with aryl iodides under mild reaction conditions. The arylated products are obtained in synthetically useful yields and the arylation of bioactive molecules is also demonstrated. Key to the success of this methodology is the use of a one-step synthesized S,O-ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Zuan Deng
- van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Verena Sukowski
- van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M Ángeles Fernández-Ibáñez
- van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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8
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Zhang ZJ, Jacob N, Bhatia S, Boos P, Chen X, DeMuth JC, Messinis AM, Jei BB, Oliveira JCA, Radović A, Neidig ML, Wencel-Delord J, Ackermann L. Iron-catalyzed stereoselective C-H alkylation for simultaneous construction of C-N axial and C-central chirality. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3503. [PMID: 38664372 PMCID: PMC11045758 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47589-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The assembly of chiral molecules with multiple stereogenic elements is challenging, and, despite of indisputable advances, largely limited to toxic, cost-intensive and precious metal catalysts. In sharp contrast, we herein disclose a versatile C-H alkylation using a non-toxic, low-cost iron catalyst for the synthesis of substituted indoles with two chiral elements. The key for achieving excellent diastereo- and enantioselectivity was substitution on a chiral N-heterocyclic carbene ligand providing steric hindrance and extra represented by noncovalent interaction for the concomitant generation of C-N axial chirality and C-stereogenic center. Experimental and computational mechanistic studies have unraveled the origin of the catalytic efficacy and stereoselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Jing Zhang
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Nicolas Jacob
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Moléculaire et Applications (UMR CNRS 7042), Université de Strasbourg/Université de Haute-Alsace, ECPM, 67087, Strasbourg, France
| | - Shilpa Bhatia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA
| | - Philipp Boos
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Xinran Chen
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, 310027, Hangzhou, China
| | - Joshua C DeMuth
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA
| | - Antonis M Messinis
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Becky Bongsuiru Jei
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - João C A Oliveira
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Aleksa Radović
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA
| | - Michael L Neidig
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK.
| | - Joanna Wencel-Delord
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Moléculaire et Applications (UMR CNRS 7042), Université de Strasbourg/Université de Haute-Alsace, ECPM, 67087, Strasbourg, France.
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Lutz Ackermann
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.
- Wöhler Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry (WISCh), Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.
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9
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Zhang ZJ, Simon MM, Yu S, Li SW, Chen X, Cattani S, Hong X, Ackermann L. Nickel-Catalyzed Atroposelective C-H Alkylation Enabled by Bimetallic Catalysis with Air-Stable Heteroatom-Substituted Secondary Phosphine Oxide Preligands. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:9172-9180. [PMID: 38514382 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c14600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
The catalytic asymmetric construction of axially chiral C-N atropisomers remains a formidable challenge due to their low rotational barriers and is largely reliant on toxic, cost-intensive, and precious metal catalysts. In sharp contrast, we herein describe the first nickel-catalyzed atroposelective C-H alkylation for the construction of C-N axially chiral compounds with the aid of a chiral heteroatom-substituted secondary phosphine oxide (HASPO)-ligated Ni-Al bimetallic catalyst. A wide range of alkenes, including terminal and internal alkenes, were well compatible with the reaction, providing a variety of benzimidazole derivatives in high yields and enantioselectivities (up to 97:3 e.r.). The key to success was the identification of novel HASPOs as highly effective chiral preligands. Mechanistic studies revealed the catalyst mode of action, and in-depth data science analysis elucidated the key features of the responsible chiral preligands in controlling the enantioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Jing Zhang
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Matthias M Simon
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Shuang Yu
- Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Shu-Wen Li
- Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Xinran Chen
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Silvia Cattani
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Xin Hong
- Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Lutz Ackermann
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Wöhler Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry (WISCh), Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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10
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Zhang Y, Zhang JJ, Lou L, Lin R, Cramer N, Wang SG, Chen Z. Recent advances in Rh(I)-catalyzed enantioselective C-H functionalization. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:3457-3484. [PMID: 38411467 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00762f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Chiral carbon-carbon (C-C) and carbon-heteroatom (C-X) bonds are pervasive and very essential in natural products, bioactive molecules, and functional materials, and their catalytic construction has emerged as one of the hottest research fields in synthetic organic chemistry. The last decade has witnessed vigorous progress in Rh(I)-catalyzed asymmetric C-H functionalization as a complement to Rh(II) and Rh(III) catalysis. This review aims to provide the most comprehensive and up-to-date summary covering the recent advances in Rh(I)-catalyzed C-H activation for asymmetric functionalization. In addition to the development of diverse reactions, chiral ligand design and mechanistic investigation (inner-sphere mechanism, outer-sphere mechanism, and 1,4-Rh migration) will also be highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-Forest Biomass, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing-Jing Zhang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-Forest Biomass, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Lujun Lou
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-Forest Biomass, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Ruofan Lin
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-Forest Biomass, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Nicolai Cramer
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering (ISIC), EPFL SB ISIC LCSA, BCH 4305, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Shou-Guo Wang
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China.
| | - Zhen Chen
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-Forest Biomass, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu, China.
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11
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Zhu Q, Long J, Song X, Wang K, Zeng J, Fan Y. KO tBu/DMF-Mediated Hydroalkylation of Alkenes via Benzylic C-H Bond Activation. J Org Chem 2024; 89:3726-3731. [PMID: 38417109 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Catalytic hydroalkylation reaction of alkenes with benzylic hydrocarbons involving t-BuOK/DMF-mediated benzylic C-H bond activation is demonstrated. This direct and operational simple protocol affords a rapid and reliable access to a wide scope of benzylic compounds in good-to-excellent yields. The benzylic C-H's of either activated diarylmethanes (pKa ∼ 32.2) and benzyl thioethers (pKa ∼ 30.8) or inert alkylbenzenes could all act as useful synthetic platforms to be conveniently alkylated under mild reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiming Zhu
- Institution Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, College of Chemistry and Materials, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530100, P. R. China
| | - Jiajia Long
- Institution Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, College of Chemistry and Materials, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530100, P. R. China
| | - Xianchen Song
- Institution Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, College of Chemistry and Materials, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530100, P. R. China
| | - Kaifang Wang
- Institution Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, College of Chemistry and Materials, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530100, P. R. China
| | - Jingkai Zeng
- Institution Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, College of Chemistry and Materials, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530100, P. R. China
| | - Yuyuan Fan
- Institution Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, College of Chemistry and Materials, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530100, P. R. China
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12
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Li Z, Xu W, Song S, Wang M, Zhao Y, Shi Z. Enantioselective Rhodium-Catalyzed C-H Arylation Enables Direct Synthesis of Atropisomeric Phosphines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202316035. [PMID: 38182545 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202316035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Atropisomeric phosphines hold considerable significance in asymmetric catalysis, yet their synthesis presents a formidable challenge owing to intricate multistep procedures. In this context, a groundbreaking methodology has been presented for their preparation. This innovative approach entails an atroposelective rhodium-catalyzed C-H activation employing aryl and heteroaryl halides, chelated by a P(III) center. The essence of this strategy lies in its ability to directly construct chiral phosphine ligands in a single step, thereby exhibiting exceptional efficiency in terms of atom and redox economy. Illustrative examples serve to demonstrate the immense potential of in situ-formed ligands in asymmetric catalysis. Mechanistic experiments have further provided invaluable insights into this transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zexian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Weipeng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Shuaishuai Song
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Minyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Zhuangzhi Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
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13
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Lv X, Wang M, Zhao Y, Shi Z. P(III)-Directed Asymmetric C-H Arylation toward Planar Chiral Ferrocenes by Palladium Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:3483-3491. [PMID: 38266486 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c13266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Planar chiral ferrocenyl phosphines have been employed as highly valuable ligands in metal-catalyzed asymmetric reactions. However, their preparation remains a formidable challenge due to the requirement for intricate, multistep synthetic sequences. In addressing this issue, we have developed a groundbreaking enantioselective C-H activation strategy facilitated by P(III) directing groups, enabling the efficient construction of planar chiral ferrocenyl phosphines in a single step. Our innovative approach entails the combination of a palladium catalyst, a parent ferrocenyl phosphine, and a chiral phosphoramidite ligand, leading to exceptional reactivity and enantioselectivity. Remarkably, these novel ligands exhibit remarkable efficacy in silver-catalyzed asymmetric 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions. We carried out a combination of experimental and computational studies to obtain a more comprehensive understanding of the reaction pathway and the factors contributing to enantioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueli Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Minyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Zhuangzhi Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
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14
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Das A, Mandal R, Ravi Sankar HS, Kumaran S, Premkumar JR, Borah D, Sundararaju B. Reversal of Regioselectivity in Asymmetric C-H Bond Annulation with Bromoalkynes under Cobalt Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202315005. [PMID: 38095350 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202315005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Metal-catalyzed asymmetric C-H bond annulation strategy offers a versatile platform, allowing the construction of complex P-chiral molecules through atom- and step-economical fashion. However, regioselective insertion of π-coupling partner between M-C bond with high enantio-induction remain elusive. Using commercially available Co(II) salt and chiral-Salox ligands, we demonstrate an unusual protocol for the regio-reversal, enantioselective C-H bond annulation of phosphinamide with bromoalkyne through desymmetrization. The reaction proceeds through ligand-assisted enantiodetermining cyclocobaltation followed by regioselective insertion of bromoalkyne between Co-C, subsequent reductive elimination, and halogen exchange with carboxylate resulted in P-stereogenic compounds in excellent ee (up to >99 %). The isolation of cobaltacycle involved in the catalytic cycle and the outcome of control experiments provide support for a plausible mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abir Das
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institution of Technology Kanpur, 208016, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rajib Mandal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institution of Technology Kanpur, 208016, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | - Subramani Kumaran
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institution of Technology Kanpur, 208016, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - J Richard Premkumar
- PG & Research Department of Chemistry, Bishop Heber College, 620017, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Dipanti Borah
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, 400076, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Basker Sundararaju
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institution of Technology Kanpur, 208016, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
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15
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Zhu YL, Zhao N, Fu XL, Zhao XY, Li YL, Shao YD, Chen J, Lu Y. Co(III)-Catalyzed C6-Selective C-H Activation/Pyridine Migration of 2-Pyridones with Propiolates. Org Lett 2024; 26:12-17. [PMID: 38127552 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
A versatile Co(III)-catalyzed C6-selective C-H activation/pyridine migration of 2-pyridones with available propiolates as coupling partners was demonstrated. This method features high atom economy, excellent regioselectivity, and good functional group tolerance by employing an inexpensive Co(III) catalyst under mild reaction conditions. Moreover, gram-scale synthesis and late-stage modifications of pharmaceuticals were performed to prove the effectiveness of these synthetic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Lu Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Heze University, Heze, Shandong 274015, P. R. China
| | - Na Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Heze University, Heze, Shandong 274015, P. R. China
| | - Xin-Long Fu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Heze University, Heze, Shandong 274015, P. R. China
| | - Xin-Yang Zhao
- Coordination Chemistry Institute, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yan-Lin Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Heze University, Heze, Shandong 274015, P. R. China
| | - You-Dong Shao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Heze University, Heze, Shandong 274015, P. R. China
| | - Jiao Chen
- College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710127, P. R. China
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, P. R. China
| | - Yi Lu
- Coordination Chemistry Institute, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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16
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Feng J, Liu RR. Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of N-N Biaryl Atropisomers. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303165. [PMID: 37850396 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Atropisomers have emerged as important structural scaffolds in natural products, drug design, and asymmetric synthesis. Recently, N-N biaryl atropisomers have drawn increasing interest due to their unique structure and relatively stable axes. However, its asymmetric synthesis remains scarce compared to its well-developed C-C biaryl analogs. In this concept, we summarize the asymmetric synthesis of N-N biaryl atropisomers including N-N pyrrole-pyrrole, N-N pyrrole-indole, N-N indole-indole, and N-N indole-carbazole, during which a series synthetic strategies are highlighted. Also, a synthetic evolution is briefly reviewed and an outlook of N-N biaryl atropisomers synthesis is offered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Feng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, NingXia Road 308#, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Ren-Rong Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, NingXia Road 308#, Qingdao, 266071, China
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17
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Naeem Y, Matsuo BT, Davies HML. Enantioselective Intermolecular C-H Functionalization of Primary Benzylic C-H Bonds Using ((Aryl)(diazo)methyl)phosphonates. ACS Catal 2024; 14:124-130. [PMID: 38205024 PMCID: PMC10775147 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.3c04661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Catalyst-controlled C-H functionalization using donor/acceptor carbenes has been shown to be an efficient process capable of high levels of site control and stereocontrol. This study demonstrated that the scope of the donor/acceptor carbene C-H functionalization can be extended to systems where the acceptor group is a phosphonate. When using the optimized dirhodium catalyst, Rh2(S-di-(4-Br)TPPTTL)4, ((aryl)(diazo)methyl)phosphonates undergo highly enantioselective (84-99% ee) and site-selective (>30:1 r.r.) benzylic C-H functionalization. The phosphonate group is much more sterically demanding than the previously studied carboxylate ester group, leading to much higher selectivity for a primary site versus more sterically crowded positions. The effectiveness of this methodology has been demonstrated by the late-stage primary C-H functionalization of estrone, adapalene, (S)-naproxen, clofibrate, and gemfibrozil derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasir Naeem
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Bianca T. Matsuo
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Huw M. L. Davies
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
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18
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Li ZY, Liu F, Li H, Guo X, Jiao L, Hao E. Rhodium-Catalyzed Two-Fold, Regioselective and Enantioselective C-H Activation: an Efficient Strategy to Chiral Single-Benzene-Based Fluorophores. Org Lett 2024. [PMID: 38180822 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
A Rh-catalyzed two-fold, regioselective and enantioselective C-H activation via chiral transient directing group strategy has been demonstrated in moderate to good yields with commendable enantioselectivities. The newly synthesized chiral fluorophores exhibit favorable photophysical properties, including large Stokes shifts, good fluorescence quantum yields, aggregation-induced emission in aqueous solution, and intense emission and circularly polarized luminescence in the solid state, indicating great potential applications as chiral fluorescent probes or optoelectronic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Yuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education; Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials; and School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education; Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials; and School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Heng Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education; Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials; and School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Xing Guo
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education; Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials; and School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Lijuan Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education; Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials; and School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Erhong Hao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education; Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials; and School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
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19
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Saito Y, Kobayashi S. Continuous-Flow Enantioselective Hydroacylations under Heterogeneous Chiral Rhodium Catalysts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202313778. [PMID: 37991463 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202313778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Transition metal-catalyzed enantioselective C-H bond functionalizations have become efficient methods for the synthesis of complex optically active molecules. Heterogeneous catalysts for this chemistry remain largely unexplored despite the advantages they offer in terms of ease of separation and reuse of catalysts. Herein, we report the development of heterogeneous chiral Rh catalysts for continuous-flow enantioselective hydroacylations. Heterogeneous catalysts could be prepared simply by mixing supports and Rh complexes. The prepared catalysts exhibited excellent activity and enantioselectivity affording optically active ketones in quantitative yields with 99 % ee's. Under the optimized reaction conditions, a turnover number >300 was achieved without the leaching of Rh species. The catalysts exhibited a wide substrate scope and in sequential-flow reactions with other heterogeneous catalysts, the syntheses of biologically active molecules and functional materials were demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Saito
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Shū Kobayashi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
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20
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Cattani S, Cera G. Modern Organometallic C-H Functionalizations with Earth-Abundant Iron Catalysts: An Update. Chem Asian J 2024; 19:e202300897. [PMID: 38051920 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202300897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Iron-catalyzed C-H activation has recently emerged as an increasingly powerful synthetic method for the step- and atom- economical direct C-H functionalizations of otherwise inert C-H bonds. Iron's low-cost and toxicity along with its catalytic versatility have encouraged the scientific community to elect this metal for the development of new C-H activation methodologies. Within this review, we aim to present a collection of the most recent examples of iron-catalyzed C-H functionalizations with a particular emphasis on modern synthetic strategies and mechanistic aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Cattani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Gianpiero Cera
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
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21
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Li Z, Wang M, Yang Y, Liang Y, Chen X, Zhao Y, Houk KN, Shi Z. Atroposelective hydroarylation of biaryl phosphines directed by phosphorus centres. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8509. [PMID: 38129395 PMCID: PMC10739911 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44202-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Prized for their ability to generate chemical complexity rapidly, catalytic carbon-hydrogen (C-H) activation and functionalization reactions have enabled a paradigm shift in the standard logic of synthetic chemistry. Directing group strategies have been used extensively in C-H activation reactions to control regio- and enantioselectivity with transition metal catalysts. However, current methods rely heavily on coordination with nitrogen and/or oxygen atoms in molecules and have therefore been found to exhibit limited generality in asymmetric syntheses. Here, we report enantioselective C-H activation with unsaturated hydrocarbons directed by phosphorus centres to rapidly construct libraries of axially chiral phosphines through dynamic kinetic resolution. High reactivity and enantioselectivity are derived from modular assembly of an iridium catalyst with an endogenous phosphorus atom and an exogenous chiral phosphorus ligand, as confirmed by detailed experimental and computational studies. This reaction mode significantly expands the pool of enantiomerically enriched functional phosphines, some of which have shown excellent efficiency for asymmetric catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zexian Li
- Key Laboratory of Green and Precise Synthetic Chemistry and Applications, Ministry of Education, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, 235000, China
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Minyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Youqing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Green and Precise Synthetic Chemistry and Applications, Ministry of Education, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, 235000, China
| | - Yong Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Xiangyang Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Yue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - K N Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Zhuangzhi Shi
- Key Laboratory of Green and Precise Synthetic Chemistry and Applications, Ministry of Education, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, 235000, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.
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22
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Cheng Z, Yang T, Li C, Deng Y, Zhang F, Chen P, Lin Z, Ma S, Liu G. Site-Selective sp 2 C-H Cyanation of Allenes via Copper-Catalyzed Radical Relay. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:25995-26002. [PMID: 38011726 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c11368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Compared with the extensively reported hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) at sp3 C-H, abstraction of hydrogen atoms at the sp2 carbon is extremely rare. Here, we communicate the site-selective cyanation of the sp2 C-H bond of allenes using the strategy of copper-catalyzed radical relay. The reactions afford various allenyl nitriles directly from simple allenes with a broad substrate scope and a remarkable functional group compatibility under mild conditions. These reactions exhibit excellent site-selectivity toward sp2 C-H, which can be attributed to the unique pocket created by the Cu-bound nitrogen-centered radical. The favorable HAT on sp2 C-H is due to crucial hydrogen bonding between the fluoride bonded to the Cu(II) center and the hydrogen atom at the allylic position. These features enable the late-stage functionalization of druglike bioactive molecules containing an allene motif.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongming Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry and Shanghai Hongkong Joint Laboratory in Chemical Synthesis, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Tilong Yang
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Can Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry and Shanghai Hongkong Joint Laboratory in Chemical Synthesis, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yunshun Deng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Fangjia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry and Shanghai Hongkong Joint Laboratory in Chemical Synthesis, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Pinhong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry and Shanghai Hongkong Joint Laboratory in Chemical Synthesis, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhenyang Lin
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Shengming Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry and Shanghai Hongkong Joint Laboratory in Chemical Synthesis, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Guosheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry and Shanghai Hongkong Joint Laboratory in Chemical Synthesis, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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23
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Zhao H, Zhao CY, Chen L, Xia C, Hong X, Xu S. Aryl Chloride-Directed Enantioselective C(sp 2)-H Borylation Enabled by Iridium Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:25214-25221. [PMID: 37934914 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c08129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
We herein report the iridium-catalyzed enantioselective C-H borylation of aryl chlorides. A variety of prochiral biaryl compounds could be well-tolerated, affording a vast array of axially chiral biaryls with high enantioselectivities. The current method exhibits a high turnover number (TON) of 7000, which represents the highest in functional-group-directed asymmetric C-H activation. The high TON was attributed to a weak catalyst-substrate interaction that was caused by mismatched chirality between catalyst and substrate. We also demonstrated the synthetic application of the current method by C-B, ortho-C-H, and C-Cl bond functionalization, including programmed Suzuki-Miyaura coupling for the synthesis of axially chiral polyarenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chao-Yue Zhao
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Agricultural Germplasm Resources Mining and Environmental Regulation, College of Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315300, China
| | - Lili Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Chungu Xia
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xin Hong
- Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Senmiao Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
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24
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Jing C, Mao W, Bower JF. Iridium-Catalyzed Enantioselective Alkene Hydroalkylation via a Heteroaryl-Directed Enolization-Decarboxylation Sequence. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:23918-23924. [PMID: 37879082 PMCID: PMC10636747 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c10163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Upon exposure to a cationic Ir(I)-complex modified with the chiral diphosphine DuanPhos, hydroalkylations of styrenes and α-olefins with diverse heteroaryl tert-butyl acetates occur with complete branched selectivity and very high enantioselectivity. The initial adducts undergo acid promoted decarboxylation in situ to provide alkylated heteroarenes possessing defined β-stereocenters. The processes are postulated to proceed via a stereodefined chiral Ir-enolate, which arises upon heteroarene directed enolization of the heteroaryl acetate precursor. The method can be classified as an enantioselective decarboxylative C(sp3)-C(sp3) cross-coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changcheng Jing
- Department of Chemistry, University
of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United
Kingdom
| | - Wenbin Mao
- Department of Chemistry, University
of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United
Kingdom
| | - John F. Bower
- Department of Chemistry, University
of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United
Kingdom
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25
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Yus M, Nájera C, Foubelo F, Sansano JM. Metal-Catalyzed Enantioconvergent Transformations. Chem Rev 2023; 123:11817-11893. [PMID: 37793021 PMCID: PMC10603790 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Enantioconvergent catalysis has expanded asymmetric synthesis to new methodologies able to convert racemic compounds into a single enantiomer. This review covers recent advances in transition-metal-catalyzed transformations, such as radical-based cross-coupling of racemic alkyl electrophiles with nucleophiles or racemic alkylmetals with electrophiles and reductive cross-coupling of two electrophiles mainly under Ni/bis(oxazoline) catalysis. C-H functionalization of racemic electrophiles or nucleophiles can be performed in an enantioconvergent manner. Hydroalkylation of alkenes, allenes, and acetylenes is an alternative to cross-coupling reactions. Hydrogen autotransfer has been applied to amination of racemic alcohols and C-C bond forming reactions (Guerbet reaction). Other metal-catalyzed reactions involve addition of racemic allylic systems to carbonyl compounds, propargylation of alcohols and phenols, amination of racemic 3-bromooxindoles, allenylation of carbonyl compounds with racemic allenolates or propargyl bromides, and hydroxylation of racemic 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Yus
- Centro
de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO−CINQA), Universidad de Alicante, Apdo. 99, E-03080 Alicante, Spain
| | - Carmen Nájera
- Centro
de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO−CINQA), Universidad de Alicante, Apdo. 99, E-03080 Alicante, Spain
| | - Francisco Foubelo
- Centro
de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO−CINQA), Universidad de Alicante, Apdo. 99, E-03080 Alicante, Spain
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica and Instituto de Síntesis
Orgánica (ISO), Universidad de Alicante, Apdo. 99, E-03080 Alicante, Spain
| | - José M. Sansano
- Centro
de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO−CINQA), Universidad de Alicante, Apdo. 99, E-03080 Alicante, Spain
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica and Instituto de Síntesis
Orgánica (ISO), Universidad de Alicante, Apdo. 99, E-03080 Alicante, Spain
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26
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Wang Y, Dana S, Long H, Xu Y, Li Y, Kaplaneris N, Ackermann L. Electrochemical Late-Stage Functionalization. Chem Rev 2023; 123:11269-11335. [PMID: 37751573 PMCID: PMC10571048 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Late-stage functionalization (LSF) constitutes a powerful strategy for the assembly or diversification of novel molecular entities with improved physicochemical or biological activities. LSF can thus greatly accelerate the development of medicinally relevant compounds, crop protecting agents, and functional materials. Electrochemical molecular synthesis has emerged as an environmentally friendly platform for the transformation of organic compounds. Over the past decade, electrochemical late-stage functionalization (eLSF) has gained major momentum, which is summarized herein up to February 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yang Xu
- Institut für Organische
und Biomolekulare Chemie and Wöhler Research Institute for
Sustainable Chemistry (WISCh), Georg-August-Universität, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Yanjun Li
- Institut für Organische
und Biomolekulare Chemie and Wöhler Research Institute for
Sustainable Chemistry (WISCh), Georg-August-Universität, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Nikolaos Kaplaneris
- Institut für Organische
und Biomolekulare Chemie and Wöhler Research Institute for
Sustainable Chemistry (WISCh), Georg-August-Universität, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Lutz Ackermann
- Institut für Organische
und Biomolekulare Chemie and Wöhler Research Institute for
Sustainable Chemistry (WISCh), Georg-August-Universität, Göttingen 37077, Germany
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27
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Yoshimoto R, Taborosi A, He Q, Ano Y, Chatani N, Mori S. Theoretical Investigations of Palladium-Catalyzed [3+2] Annulation via Benzylic and meta C-H Bond Activation. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202300531. [PMID: 37537516 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202300531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
The palladium-catalyzed reaction of aromatic amides with maleimides results in the formation of a double C-H bond activation product, which occurs at both the benzylic and meta positions. Computational chemistry studies suggest that the first C-H bond activation unfolds via a six-membered palladacycle, maleimide insertion, protonation of the Pd-N bond, and then activation of the meta C-H bond. The process concludes with reductive elimination, producing an annulation product. The energy decomposition analysis (EDA) showed that the deformation energy favors the ortho C-H bond activation process. However, this route is non-productive. The interaction energy controls the site where the maleimide is inserted into the Pd-C(sp3 ) bond, which determines its site selectivity. The energetic span model indicates that the meta C-H bond activation step is the one that determines the turnover frequency. Regarding the directing group, it has been concluded that the strong Pd-S bonding and the destabilizing effect of the deformation energy allow the 2-thiomethylphenyl to function effectively as a directing group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rie Yoshimoto
- Institute of Quantum Beam Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ibaraki University, 2-1-1 Bunkyo, Mito, Ibaraki, 310-8512, Japan
| | - Attila Taborosi
- Institute of Quantum Beam Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ibaraki University, 2-1-1 Bunkyo, Mito, Ibaraki, 310-8512, Japan
- Research Initiative for Supra-Materials, Shinshu University, Nagano, Nagano, 380-8553, Japan
| | - Qiyuan He
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ano
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Naoto Chatani
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Research Center for Environmental Preservation, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Seiji Mori
- Institute of Quantum Beam Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ibaraki University, 2-1-1 Bunkyo, Mito, Ibaraki, 310-8512, Japan
- Frontier Research Center for Applied Atomic Sciences, Ibaraki University, Tokai, Ibaraki, 319-1106, Japan
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28
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Yin SY, Zhou Q, Liu CX, Gu Q, You SL. Enantioselective Synthesis of N-N Biaryl Atropisomers through Iridium(I)-Catalyzed C-H Alkylation with Acrylates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202305067. [PMID: 37140049 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202305067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Enantioselective synthesis of N-N biaryl atropisomers is an emerging area but remains underexplored. The development of efficient synthesis of N-N biaryl atropisomers is in great demand. Herein, the construction of N-N biaryl atropisomers through iridium-catalyzed asymmetric C-H alkylation is reported for the first time. In the presence of readily available Ir precursor and Xyl-BINAP, a variety of axially chiral molecules based on indole-pyrrole skeleton were obtained in good yields (up to 98 %) with excellent enantioselectivity (up to 99 % ee). In addition, N-N bispyrrole atropisomers could also be synthesized in excellent yields and enantioselectivity. This method features perfect atom economy, wide substrate scope, and multifunctionalized products allowing diverse transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Yong Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Qiansujia Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai, 200032, China
- School of Material and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Chen-Xu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Qing Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai, 200032, China
- School of Material and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Shu-Li You
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai, 200032, China
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29
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Liu CX, Yin SY, Zhao F, Yang H, Feng Z, Gu Q, You SL. Rhodium-Catalyzed Asymmetric C-H Functionalization Reactions. Chem Rev 2023; 123:10079-10134. [PMID: 37527349 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
This review summarizes the advancements in rhodium-catalyzed asymmetric C-H functionalization reactions during the last two decades. Parallel to the rapidly developed palladium catalysis, rhodium catalysis has attracted extensive attention because of its unique reactivity and selectivity in asymmetric C-H functionalization reactions. In recent years, Rh-catalyzed asymmetric C-H functionalization reactions have been significantly developed in many respects, including catalyst design, reaction development, mechanistic investigation, and application in the synthesis of complex functional molecules. This review presents an explicit outline of catalysts and ligands, mechanism, the scope of coupling reagents, and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Xu Liu
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Si-Yong Yin
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Fangnuo Zhao
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Hui Yang
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Zuolijun Feng
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Qing Gu
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Shu-Li You
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
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30
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Mishra A, Cong X, Nishiura M, Hou Z. Enantioselective Synthesis of 1-Aminoindanes via [3 + 2] Annulation of Aldimines with Alkenes by Scandium-Catalyzed C-H Activation. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:17468-17477. [PMID: 37504799 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c06482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Multisubstituted chiral 1-aminoindanes are important components in many pharmaceuticals and bioactive molecules. Therefore, the development of efficient and selective methods for the synthesis of chiral 1-aminoindanes is of great interest and importance. In principle, the asymmetric [3 + 2] annulation of aldimines with alkenes through C-H activation is the most atom-efficient and straightforward route for the construction of chiral 1-aminoindanes, but such a transformation has remained undeveloped to date probably due to the lack of suitable catalysts. Herein, we report for the first time the enantioselective [3 + 2] annulation of a wide range of aromatic aldimines and alkenes via ortho-C(sp2)-H activation by chiral half-sandwich scandium catalysts, which provides a straightforward route for the synthesis of multisubstituted chiral 1-aminoindanes. This protocol features 100% atom-efficiency, broad functional group compatibility, and high regio-, diastereo-, and enantioselectivity (up to >19:1 dr and 99:1 er). Remarkably, by fine-tuning the sterics of the chiral ligand around the catalyst metal center, the diastereodivergent asymmetric [3 + 2] annulation of aldimines and styrenes has been achieved with a high level of diastereo- and enantioselectivity, offering an efficient method for the synthesis of both the trans and cis diastereomers of a novel class of chiral 1-aminoindane derivatives containing two contiguous stereocenters from the same set of starting materials. Moreover, the asymmetric [3 + 2] annulation of aldimines with aliphatic α-olefins, norbornene, and 1,3-dienes has also been achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniket Mishra
- Advanced Catalysis Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Xuefeng Cong
- Advanced Catalysis Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Nishiura
- Advanced Catalysis Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Organometallic Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Zhaomin Hou
- Advanced Catalysis Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Organometallic Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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31
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Wang Y, Zhu X, Pan D, Jing J, Wang F, Mi R, Huang G, Li X. Rhodium-catalyzed enantioselective and diastereodivergent access to diaxially chiral heterocycles. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4661. [PMID: 37537163 PMCID: PMC10400608 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39968-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
N-N axially chiral biaryls represent a rarely explored class of atropisomers. Reported herein is construction of diverse classes of diaxially chiral biaryls containing N-N and C-N/C-C diaxes in distal positions in excellent enantioselectivity and diastereoselectivity. The N-N chiral axis in the products provides a handle toward solvent-driven diastereodivergence, as has been realized in the coupling of a large scope of benzamides and sterically hindered alkynes, affording diaxes in complementary diastereoselectivity. The diastereodivergence has been elucidated by computational studies which revealed that the hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) solvent molecule participated in an unusual manner as a solvent as well as a ligand and switched the sequence of two competing elementary steps, resulting in switch of the stereoselectivity of the alkyne insertion and inversion of the configuration of the C-C axis. Further cleavage of the N-directing group in the diaxial chiral products transforms the diastereodivergence to enantiodivergence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yishou Wang
- Institute of Molecular Science and Engineering, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Shandong University, 266237, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaohan Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, 710062, Xi'an, China
| | - Deng Pan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, 300072, Tianjin, China
| | - Jierui Jing
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, 710062, Xi'an, China
| | - Fen Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, 710062, Xi'an, China.
| | - Ruijie Mi
- Institute of Molecular Science and Engineering, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Shandong University, 266237, Qingdao, China
| | - Genping Huang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, 300072, Tianjin, China.
| | - Xingwei Li
- Institute of Molecular Science and Engineering, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Shandong University, 266237, Qingdao, China.
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, 710062, Xi'an, China.
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32
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Maksso I, Samanta RC, Zhan Y, Zhang K, Warratz S, Ackermann L. Polymer up-cycling by mangana-electrocatalytic C(sp 3)-H azidation without directing groups. Chem Sci 2023; 14:8109-8118. [PMID: 37538824 PMCID: PMC10395267 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc02549g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The chemical up-cycling of polymers into value-added materials offers a unique opportunity to place plastic waste in a new value chain towards a circular economy. Herein, we report the selective up-cycling of polystyrenes and polyolefins to C(sp3)-H azidated materials under electrocatalytic conditions. The functionalized polymers were obtained with high retention of mass average molecular mass and high functionalization through chemo-selective mangana-electrocatalysis. Our strategy proved to be broadly applicable to a variety of homo- and copolymers. Polyethylene, polypropylene as well as post-consumer polystyrene materials were functionalized by this approach, thereby avoiding the use of hypervalent-iodine reagents in stoichiometric quantities by means of electrocatalysis. This study, hence, represents a chemical oxidant-free polymer functionalization by electro-oxidation. The electrocatalysis proved to be scalable, which highlights its unique feature for a green hydrogen economy by means of the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER).
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Maksso
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie and Wöhler Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry (WISCh), Georg-August-Universität Tammannstraße 2 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Ramesh C Samanta
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie and Wöhler Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry (WISCh), Georg-August-Universität Tammannstraße 2 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Yifei Zhan
- Institut für Holztechnologie und Holzwerkstoffe, Georg-August-Universität Büsgenweg 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Kai Zhang
- Institut für Holztechnologie und Holzwerkstoffe, Georg-August-Universität Büsgenweg 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Svenja Warratz
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie and Wöhler Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry (WISCh), Georg-August-Universität Tammannstraße 2 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Lutz Ackermann
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie and Wöhler Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry (WISCh), Georg-August-Universität Tammannstraße 2 37077 Göttingen Germany
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33
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Hung Nigel Tang K, Tokutake R, Ito M, Shibata T. Ir-Catalyzed Distal Branch-Selective Hydroarylation of Unactivated Internal Alkenes with Benzanilides via C-H Activation along with Consecutive Isomerization. Org Lett 2023. [PMID: 37427870 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c01619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
We herein report a synergistic strategy of C-H activation and consecutive isomerization catalyzed by an Ir catalyst to selectively obtain branched isomers as C-H alkylated products of benzanilide derivatives. A well-tuned ligand and a directing group are crucial to achieve this selectivity. The scope of this reaction is demonstrated by the use of a variety of substituents and complex molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- King Hung Nigel Tang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Ryo Tokutake
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Mamoru Ito
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Takanori Shibata
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
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34
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Yan SB, Wang R, Li ZG, Li AN, Wang C, Duan WL. Copper-catalyzed asymmetric C(sp 2)-H arylation for the synthesis of P- and axially chiral phosphorus compounds. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2264. [PMID: 37081007 PMCID: PMC10119316 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37987-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Transition metal-catalyzed C-H bond functionalization is an important method in organic synthesis, but the development of methods that are lower cost and have a less environmental impact is desirable. Here, a Cu-catalyzed asymmetric C(sp2)-H arylation is reported. With diaryliodonium salts as arylating reagents, a range of ortho-arylated P-chiral phosphonic diamides were obtained in moderate to excellent yields with high enantioselectivities (up to 92% ee). Meanwhile, enantioselective C-3 arylation of diarylphosphine oxide indoles was also realized under similar conditions to construct axial chirality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Bai Yan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, 180 Siwangting Road, 225002, Yangzhou, China
| | - Rui Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, 180 Siwangting Road, 225002, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zha-Gen Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, 180 Siwangting Road, 225002, Yangzhou, China
| | - An-Na Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, 180 Siwangting Road, 225002, Yangzhou, China
| | - Chuanyong Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, 180 Siwangting Road, 225002, Yangzhou, China
| | - Wei-Liang Duan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, 180 Siwangting Road, 225002, Yangzhou, China.
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, 235 West University Street, 010021, Hohhot, China.
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, 620 Xi Changan Street, 710119, Xi'an, China.
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35
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Zhao W, Li BJ. Directing Group Repositioning Strategy Enabled Site- and Enantioselective Addition of Heteroaromatic C-H Bonds to Acyclic Internal Alkenes. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:6861-6870. [PMID: 36917558 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c00095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Despite the notable advances achieved in the Murai-type hydroarylations, highly enantioselective catalytic addition of native (hetero)arenes to internal alkenes remains a prominent challenge. Herein, we report a directing group repositioning strategy, which enables the iridium-catalyzed enantioselective addition of heteroarenes including furan, benzofuran, and thiophene to internal enamides. The C-H bond at the C2 position of the heteroarene is site-selectively cleaved and added regioselectively to the β-position of an enamide, affording a valuable β-heteroaryl amide with high enantioselectivity. Mechanistic studies indicate that the rate and the enantioselectivity are determined by separate elementary steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhao
- Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Bi-Jie Li
- Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.,State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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36
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Baroliya PK, Dhaker M, Panja S, Al-Thabaiti SA, Albukhari SM, Alsulami QA, Dutta A, Maiti D. Transition Metal-Catalyzed C-H Functionalization Through Electrocatalysis. CHEMSUSCHEM 2023:e202202201. [PMID: 36881013 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202202201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemically promoted transition metal-catalyzed C-H functionalization has emerged as a promising area of research over the last few decades. However, development in this field is still at an early stage compared to traditional functionalization reactions using chemical-based oxidizing agents. Recent reports have shown increased attention on electrochemically promoted metal-catalyzed C-H functionalization. From the standpoint of sustainability, environmental friendliness, and cost effectiveness, electrochemically promoted oxidation of a metal catalyst offers a mild, efficient, and atom-economical alternative to traditional chemical oxidants. This Review discusses advances in the field of transition metal-electrocatalyzed C-H functionalization over the past decade and describes how the unique features of electricity enable metal-catalyzed C-H functionalization in an economic and sustainable way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhat Kumar Baroliya
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
- Department of Chemistry, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, 313001, India
| | - Mukesh Dhaker
- Department of Chemistry, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, 313001, India
| | - Subir Panja
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Shaeel Ahmed Al-Thabaiti
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Soha M Albukhari
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Qana A Alsulami
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arnab Dutta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Debabrata Maiti
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
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37
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Cobalt(III)-catalyzed asymmetric ring-opening of 7-oxabenzonorbornadienes via indole C-H functionalization. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1094. [PMID: 36841798 PMCID: PMC9968317 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36723-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Asymmetric ring-opening of 7-oxabenzonorbornadienes is achieved via Co-catalyzed indole C-H functionalization. The utilization of chiral Co-catalyst consisting of a binaphthyl-derived trisubstituted cyclopentadienyl ligand resulted in high yields (up to 99%) and excellent enantioselectivity (>99% ee) for the target products with tolerance for diverse functional groups. Opposite diastereoselectivities are obtained with chiral Co-catalyst or Cp*CoI2CO. Combined experimental and computational studies suggest β-oxygen elimination being the selectivity-determining step of the reaction. Meanwhile, the reactions of 7-azabenzonorbornadiene could also be executed in a diastereodivergent manner.
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38
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Wang F, Chen C, Meng Q. Comprehensive Theoretical Study of Cp*Ir III-Catalyzed Intermolecular Enantioselective Allylic C-H Amidation: Reaction Mechanism, Electronic Processes, and Regioselectivity. J Org Chem 2023; 88:2493-2504. [PMID: 36716217 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Density functional theory was used to elucidate the reaction mechanism of Cp*IrIII-catalyzed intermolecular regioselective C(sp3)-H amidation of alkenes with methyl dioxazolones. All substrates, intermediates, and transition states were fully optimized at the ωB97XD/6-31G(d,p) level (LANL2DZ(f) for Ir). The computational results revealed that this amidation occurred through the IrIII/IrV catalytic cycle, involving four important elementary steps: C-H bond activation, oxidative addition of methyl dioxazolone, reductive elimination, and proto-demetalation, and the first was the rate-determining step. The C-H bond activation showed good α- and branch-regioselectivity, decided by the distortion energy of 2-pentene and the interaction energy of the transition state, respectively. The oxidative addition of dioxazolone occurred in one elementary step with CO2 disassociation. The reductive elimination showed good branch-regioselectivity determined by the distorted energy of the allyl group. In the proto-demetalation, hydrogen directly transferred from the oxygen atom to the nitrogen atom. Moreover, to clarify the effect of the substituted groups, selected 12 substrates were also discussed in this text.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fen Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Taishan University, Taian271000, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Changbao Chen
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian271018, Shandong, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Agricultural Film Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Taian271018, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingxi Meng
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian271018, Shandong, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Agricultural Film Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Taian271018, Shandong, People's Republic of China
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39
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Yamakawa K, Nakamura I, Sakamoto K, Nishimura T. Iridium-Catalyzed Enantioselective Intermolecular Hydroarylation of 1,1-Disubstituted Alkenes. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 36789829 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
The catalytic enantioselective hydroarylation of 1,1-disubstituted alkenes proceeded by using a cationic iridium/(R)-binap complex to give the corresponding adducts in high yields with high enantioselectivity. The reaction of arenes substituted with heteroaromatic directing groups proceeded to give the addition products linear-selectively. Methallylamine derivatives were good acceptors to obtain high enantioselectivities. The adduct bearing maleimide moiety was readily transformed into the β-chiral amine derivative without loss of the enantiomeric purity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Yamakawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Sumiyoshi, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Ikumi Nakamura
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Sumiyoshi, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Kana Sakamoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Sumiyoshi, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Takahiro Nishimura
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Sumiyoshi, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
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40
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Maayuri R, Gandeepan P. Manganese-catalyzed hydroarylation of multiple bonds. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:441-464. [PMID: 36541044 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01674e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Transition metal-catalyzed C-H activation has become a promising strategy in organic synthesis due to its improved atom-, step- and resource economy. Considering the Earth's abundance, economic benefits, and low toxicity, 3d metal catalysts for C-H activation have received a significant focus. In particular, organometallic manganese-catalyzed C-H activation has proven to be versatile and suitable for a wide range of transformations such as C-H addition to π-components, arylation, alkylation, alkynylation, amination, and many more. Among them, manganese-catalyzed C-H addition to C-C and C-heteroatom multiple bonds exhibited unique and promising reactivity to construct a wide range of complex organic molecules. In this review, we highlight the developments in the field of manganese-catalyzed hydroarylation of multiple bonds via C-H activation with a range of applications until August 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajaram Maayuri
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Tirupati, Yerpedu-Venkatagiri Road, Yerpedu Post, Tirupati District, Andhra Pradesh 517619, India.
| | - Parthasarathy Gandeepan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Tirupati, Yerpedu-Venkatagiri Road, Yerpedu Post, Tirupati District, Andhra Pradesh 517619, India.
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41
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Sun Y, Zhao Y, Jia J, Zhou Y. A ruthenium-based aggregation-induced enhanced emission luminophore as efficient protein staining agent. J Organomet Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2022.122540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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42
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Lu MZ, Goh J, Maraswami M, Jia Z, Tian JS, Loh TP. Recent Advances in Alkenyl sp 2 C-H and C-F Bond Functionalizations: Scope, Mechanism, and Applications. Chem Rev 2022; 122:17479-17646. [PMID: 36240299 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Alkenes and their derivatives are featured widely in a variety of natural products, pharmaceuticals, and advanced materials. Significant efforts have been made toward the development of new and practical methods to access this important class of compounds by selectively activating the alkenyl C(sp2)-H bonds in recent years. In this comprehensive review, we describe the state-of-the-art strategies for the direct functionalization of alkenyl sp2 C-H and C-F bonds until June 2022. Moreover, metal-free, photoredox, and electrochemical strategies are also covered. For clarity, this review has been divided into two parts; the first part focuses on currently available alkenyl sp2 C-H functionalization methods using different alkene derivatives as the starting materials, and the second part describes the alkenyl sp2 C-F bond functionalization using easily accessible gem-difluoroalkenes as the starting material. This review includes the scope, limitations, mechanistic studies, stereoselective control (using directing groups as well as metal-migration strategies), and their applications to complex molecule synthesis where appropriate. Overall, this comprehensive review aims to document the considerable advancements, current status, and emerging work by critically summarizing the contributions of researchers working in this fascinating area and is expected to stimulate novel, innovative, and broadly applicable strategies for alkenyl sp2 C-H and C-F bond functionalizations in the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Zhu Lu
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China.,School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Jeffrey Goh
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Manikantha Maraswami
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Zhenhua Jia
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Jie-Sheng Tian
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Teck-Peng Loh
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China.,School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore.,Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
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43
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Ghosh P, Kwon NY, Byun Y, Mishra NK, Park JS, Kim IS. Cobalt(II)-Catalyzed C–H Alkylation of N-Heterocycles with 1,4-Dihydropyridines. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c04741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Prithwish Ghosh
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Na Yeon Kwon
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Youjung Byun
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Jung Su Park
- Department of Chemistry, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - In Su Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
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44
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Fan W, Zhao X, Deng Y, Chen P, Wang F, Liu G. Electrophotocatalytic Decoupled Radical Relay Enables Highly Efficient and Enantioselective Benzylic C–H Functionalization. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:21674-21682. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c09366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenzheng Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry and Shanghai Hongkong Joint Laboratory in Chemical Synthesis, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xueyao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry and Shanghai Hongkong Joint Laboratory in Chemical Synthesis, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yunshun Deng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Pinhong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry and Shanghai Hongkong Joint Laboratory in Chemical Synthesis, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Fei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Guosheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry and Shanghai Hongkong Joint Laboratory in Chemical Synthesis, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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45
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Hu P, Liu B, Wang F, Mi R, Li XX, Li X. A Stereodivergent–Convergent Chiral Induction Mode in Atroposelective Access to Biaryls via Rhodium-Catalyzed C–H Bond Activation. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c04292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Panjie Hu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China
| | - Bingxian Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Fen Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China
| | - Ruijie Mi
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Xiao-Xi Li
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Xingwei Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
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46
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Construction of Non-Biaryl Atropisomeric Amide Scaffolds Bearing a C-N Axis via Enantioselective Catalysis. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196583. [PMID: 36235120 PMCID: PMC9572367 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The significant scaffold offered by atropisomeric amides with a C–N chiral axis has been extensively utilized for pharmaceuticals, agricultural science, and organic syntheses. As a result, the field of atropisomer synthesis has attracted considerable interest within chemistry communities. To date, a range of catalytic atroposelective approaches has been reported for the efficient construction of these challenging scaffolds. However, greatly concise and highly useful methodologies for the synthesis of these atropisomeric compounds, focusing on transition-metal, chiral amine, and phosphoric acid catalysis reactions, etc., are still desirable. Hence, it is indispensable to succinctly and systematically present all such reports by means of disclosing the mechanistic analysis and application, as well as the challenges and issues associated with the establishment of these atropisomers. In this review, we summarize the development of catalytic asymmetric synthetic strategies to access non-biaryl atropisomers rotating around a C–N chiral axis, including the reaction methods, mechanism, late-stage transformations, and applications.
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47
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Sakamoto K, Nishimura T. Asymmetric addition of an N-methyl C(sp 3)-H bond to cyclic alkenes enabled by an iridium/phosphine-olefin catalyst. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:11783-11786. [PMID: 36172832 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc04642c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Iridium-catalyzed asymmetric C-H addition of an N-methyl group on 3-trifluoromethyl-2-(N-methylamino)pyridine to cyclic alkenes was realized by using a phosphine-olefin ligand. Indene and its 7-substituted derivatives, acenaphthylene, and some bicyclic alkenes underwent the addition to give the corresponding products in good yields with high enantioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kana Sakamoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Sumiyoshi, Osaka 558-8585, Japan.
| | - Takahiro Nishimura
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Sumiyoshi, Osaka 558-8585, Japan.
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48
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Sun X, Lin EZ, Li BJ. Iridium-Catalyzed Branch-Selective and Enantioselective Hydroalkenylation of α-Olefins through C-H Cleavage of Enamides. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:17351-17358. [PMID: 36121772 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c07477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Catalytic branch-selective hydrofunctionalization of feedstock α-olefins to form enantioenriched chiral compounds is a particularly attractive yet challenging transformation in asymmetric catalysis. Herein we report an iridium-catalyzed asymmetric hydroalkenylation of α-olefins through directed C-H cleavage of enamides. This atom-economical addition process is highly branch-selective and enantioselective, delivering trisubstituted alkenes with an allylic stereocenter. DFT calculations reveal the origin of regio- and enantioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Sun
- Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - En-Ze Lin
- Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Bi-Jie Li
- Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.,Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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49
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Wang Y, Zhang F, Chen H, Li Y, Li J, Ye M. Enantioselective Nickel‐Catalyzed C(sp
3
)−H Activation of Formamides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202209625. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202209625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yin‐Xia Wang
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
- Luoyang Institute of Science and Technology Luoyang, Henan Province 471023 China
| | - Feng‐Ping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Hao Chen
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Yue Li
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Jiang‐Fei Li
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Mengchun Ye
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
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50
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Zhu J, Wang Y, Charlack AD, Wang YM. Enantioselective and Diastereodivergent Allylation of Propargylic C-H Bonds. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:15480-15487. [PMID: 35976157 PMCID: PMC9437123 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c07297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An iridium-catalyzed stereoselective coupling of allylic ethers and alkynes to generate 3,4-substituted 1,5-enynes is reported. Under optimized conditions, the coupling products are formed with excellent regio-, diastereo-, and enantioselectivities, and the protocol is functional group tolerant. Moreover, we report conditions that allow the reaction to proceed with complete reversal of diastereoselectivity. Mechanistic studies are consistent with an unprecedented dual role for the iridium catalyst, enabling the propargylic deprotonation of the alkyne through π-coordination, as well as the generation of a π-allyl species from the allylic ether starting material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania15260, United States
| | - Yidong Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania15260, United States
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu225002, China
| | - Aaron D Charlack
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania15260, United States
| | - Yi-Ming Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania15260, United States
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