1
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Réant BLL, Whitehead GFS, Mehta M. Zintl Clusters as a Platform for Lewis Acid Catalysis. Inorg Chem 2024. [PMID: 38814137 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c00433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Clusters of the main group elements phosphorus and arsenic, commonly categorized as Zintl clusters, have been known for over a century. And, only now is the application of these systems as catalysts for organic synthesis being investigated. In this work, boranes are tethered via an aliphatic linker to Zintl-based clusters and their Lewis acidity is examined experimentally, by the Gutmann-Beckett test and competency in the hydroborative reduction of six organic substrates, as well as computationally, by fluoride ion affinity and hydride ion affinity methods. The effects of tuning the aliphatic linker length, substituents at the boron, and changing the cluster from a seven-atom phosphorus system to a seven-atom arsenic system on reactivity are studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin L L Réant
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - George F S Whitehead
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Meera Mehta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
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2
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Yang T, Qu J, Yang X, Cai Y, Hu J. Recent advances in ambient-stable black phosphorus materials for artificial catalytic nitrogen cycle in environment and energy. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 345:123522. [PMID: 38331240 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Nitrogen cycle is crucial for the Earth's ecosystem and human-nature coexistence. However, excessive fertilizer use and industrial contamination disrupt this balance. Semiconductor-based artificial nitrogen cycle strategies are being actively researched to address this issue. Black phosphorus (BP) exhibits remarkable performance and significant potential in this area due to its unique physical and chemical properties. Nevertheless, its practical application is hindered by ambient instability. This review covers the synthesis methods of BP materials, analyzes their instability factors under environmental conditions, discusses stability improvement strategies, and provides an overview of the applications of ambient-stable BP materials in nitrogen cycle, including N2 fixation, NO3- reduction, NOx removal and nitrides sensing. The review concludes by summarizing the challenges and prospects of BP materials in the nitrogen cycle, offering valuable guidance to researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingyu Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China
| | - Jiafu Qu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China
| | - Xiaogang Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China
| | - Yahui Cai
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Jundie Hu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China; College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
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3
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Zhou R, Tu X, Zheng P, Zhang L, Zeng Z. In Situ Synthesis of Bi 2S 3/BiFeO 3 Nanoflower Hybrid Photocatalyst for Enhanced Photocatalytic Degradation of Organic Pollutants. Molecules 2023; 28:8007. [PMID: 38138497 PMCID: PMC10745832 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28248007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Photocatalytic degradation of Malachite Green oxalate (MG) in a water body is of significant importance to our health protection, as it could cause various serious diseases. However the photocatalytic activity of most catalysts is still unsatisfactory, due to the poor reactive oxygen species production as a result of sluggish charge separation. Here, innovative nanoflower-shaped Bi2S3/BiFeO3 heterojunctions are prepared via a facile sol-gel method, exhibiting an enhanced reactive oxygen species generation, which leads to the excellent photocatalytic performance toward MG degradation. We verify that interfacing BiFeO3 with Bi2S3 could form a fine junction and offers a built-in field to speed up charge separation at the junction area; as a result, this shows much higher charge separation efficiency. By virtue of the aforementioned advantages, the as-prepared Bi2S3/BiFeO3 heterojunctions exhibit excellent photocatalytic performance toward MG degradation, where more than 99% of MG is removed within 2 h of photocatalysis. The innovative design of nanoflower-like Bi2S3/BiFeO3 heterojunctions may offer new viewpoints in designing highly efficient photocatalysts for environmentally related applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rentao Zhou
- College of Environment Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Xinman Tu
- College of Environment Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China; (P.Z.)
| | - Peng Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China; (P.Z.)
| | - Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China; (P.Z.)
| | - Zhenxing Zeng
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
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4
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Liu Y, Chen X, Yu B. Sustainable Photo- and Electrochemical Transformation of White Phosphorous (P 4 ) into P 1 Organo-Compounds. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202302142. [PMID: 37671623 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Elemental white phosphorous (P4 ) is a crucial feedstock for the entire phosphorus-derived chemical industry, serving as a common precursor for the ultimate preparation of high-grade monophosphorus (P1 ) fine chemicals. However, the corresponding manufacturing processes generally suffer from a deep reliance on hazardous reagents, inputs of immense energy, emissions of toxic pollutants, and the generation of substantial waste, which have negative impacts on the environment. In this context, sustainability and safety concerns provide a consistent impetus for the urgent overall improvement of phosphorus cycles. In this Concept, we present an overview of the most recent growth in photo- and electrochemical synthesis of P1 organo-compounds from P4 , with special emphasis on sustainable features. The key aspects of innovations regarding activation mode and mechanism have been comprehensively analyzed. A preliminary look at the possible future direction of development is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Rare Earth Composite Material, College of Materials Engineering, Henan University of Engineering, Zhengzhou, 451191, P. R. China
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio Breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, P. R. China
| | - Xiaolan Chen
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Bing Yu
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
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5
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Lu L, Sun M, Wu T, Lu Q, Chen B, Chan CH, Wong HH, Huang B. Progress on Single-Atom Photocatalysts for H 2 Generation: Material Design, Catalytic Mechanism, and Perspectives. SMALL METHODS 2023; 7:e2300430. [PMID: 37653620 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202300430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Solar energy utilization is of great significance to current challenges of the energy crisis and environmental pollution, which benefit the development of the global community to achieve carbon neutrality goals. Hydrogen energy is also treated as a good candidate for future energy supply since its combustion not only supplies high-density energy but also shows no pollution gas. In particular, photocatalytic water splitting has attracted increasing research as a promising method for H2 production. Recently, single-atom (SA) photocatalysts have been proposed as a potential solution to improve catalytic efficiency and lower the costs of photocatalytic water splitting for H2 generation. Owing to the maximized atom utilization rate, abundant surface active sites, and tunable coordination environment, SA photocatalysts have achieved significant progress. This review reviews developments of advanced SA photocatalysts for H2 generation regarding the different support materials. The recent progress of titanium dioxide, metal-organic frameworks, two-dimensional carbon materials, and red phosphorus supported SA photocatalysts are carefully discussed. In particular, the material designs, reaction mechanisms, modulation strategies, and perspectives are highlighted for realizing improved solar-to-energy efficiency and H2 generation rate. This work will supply significant references for future design and synthesis of advanced SA photocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Lu
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Mingzi Sun
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Tong Wu
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Qiuyang Lu
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Baian Chen
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Cheuk Hei Chan
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Hon Ho Wong
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Bolong Huang
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
- Research Centre for Carbon-Strategic Catalysis (RC-CSC), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
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6
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van IJzendoorn B, Whittingham JBM, Whitehead GFS, Kaltsoyannis N, Mehta M. A robust Zintl cluster for the catalytic reduction of pyridines, imines and nitriles. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:13787-13796. [PMID: 37721024 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt02896h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Despite p-block clusters being known for over a century, their application as catalysts to mediate organic transformations is underexplored. Here, the boron functionalized [P7] cluster [(BBN)P7]2- ([1]2-; BBN = 9-borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) is applied in the dearomatized reduction of pyridines, as well as the hydroboration of imines and nitriles. These transformations afford amine products, which are important precursors to pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and polymers. Catalyst [1]2- has high stability in these reductions: recycling nine times in quinoline hydroboration led to virtually no loss in catalyst performance. The catalyst can also be recycled between two different organic transformations, again with no loss in catalyst competency. The mechanism for pyridine reduction was probed experimentally using variable time normalization analysis, and computationally using density functional theory. This work demonstrates that Zintl clusters can mediate the reduction of nitrogen containing substrates in a transition metal-free manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bono van IJzendoorn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
| | | | - George F S Whitehead
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Nikolas Kaltsoyannis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Meera Mehta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
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7
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Chen X, Jiang X, Zhang H. Boosting Electro- and Photo-Catalytic Activities in Atomically Thin Nanomaterials by Heterointerface Engineering. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:5829. [PMID: 37687522 PMCID: PMC10488418 DOI: 10.3390/ma16175829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Since the discovery of graphene, two-dimensional ultrathin nanomaterials with an atomic thickness (typically <5 nm) have attracted tremendous interest due to their fascinating chemical and physical properties. These ultrathin nanomaterials, referred to as atomically thin materials (ATMs), possess inherent advantages such as a high specific area, highly exposed surface-active sites, efficient atom utilization, and unique electronic structures. While substantial efforts have been devoted to advancing ATMs through structural chemistry, the potential of heterointerface engineering to enhance their properties has not yet been fully recognized. Indeed, the introduction of bi- or multi-components to construct a heterointerface has emerged as a crucial strategy to overcome the limitations in property enhancement during ATM design. In this review, we aim to summarize the design principles of heterointerfacial ATMs, present general strategies for manipulating their interfacial structure and catalytic properties, and provide an overview of their application in energy conversion and storage, including the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), the CO2 electroreduction reaction (CO2RR), photocatalysis, and rechargeable batteries. The central theme of this review is to establish correlations among interfacial modulation, structural and electronic properties, and ATMs' major applications. Finally, based on the current research progress, we propose future directions that remain unexplored in interfacial ATMs for enhancing their properties and introducing novel functionalities in practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyu Chen
- School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xinyue Jiang
- School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
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8
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Tian H, Wang J, Lai G, Dou Y, Gao J, Duan Z, Feng X, Wu Q, He X, Yao L, Zeng L, Liu Y, Yang X, Zhao J, Zhuang S, Shi J, Qu G, Yu XF, Chu PK, Jiang G. Renaissance of elemental phosphorus materials: properties, synthesis, and applications in sustainable energy and environment. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:5388-5484. [PMID: 37455613 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs01018f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
The polymorphism of phosphorus-based materials has garnered much research interest, and the variable chemical bonding structures give rise to a variety of micro and nanostructures. Among the different types of materials containing phosphorus, elemental phosphorus materials (EPMs) constitute the foundation for the synthesis of related compounds. EPMs are experiencing a renaissance in the post-graphene era, thanks to recent advancements in the scaling-down of black phosphorus, amorphous red phosphorus, violet phosphorus, and fibrous phosphorus and consequently, diverse classes of low-dimensional sheets, ribbons, and dots of EPMs with intriguing properties have been produced. The nanostructured EPMs featuring tunable bandgaps, moderate carrier mobility, and excellent optical absorption have shown great potential in energy conversion, energy storage, and environmental remediation. It is thus important to have a good understanding of the differences and interrelationships among diverse EPMs, their intrinsic physical and chemical properties, the synthesis of specific structures, and the selection of suitable nanostructures of EPMs for particular applications. In this comprehensive review, we aim to provide an in-depth analysis and discussion of the fundamental physicochemical properties, synthesis, and applications of EPMs in the areas of energy conversion, energy storage, and environmental remediation. Our evaluations are based on recent literature on well-established phosphorus allotropes and theoretical predictions of new EPMs. The objective of this review is to enhance our comprehension of the characteristics of EPMs, keep abreast of recent advances, and provide guidance for future research of EPMs in the fields of chemistry and materials science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijiang Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
| | - Jiahong Wang
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China.
- Hubei Three Gorges Laboratory, Yichang, Hubei 443007, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Gengchang Lai
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yanpeng Dou
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China.
- Hubei Three Gorges Laboratory, Yichang, Hubei 443007, P. R. China
| | - Jie Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, P. R. China.
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, P. R. China
| | - Zunbin Duan
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China.
- Hubei Three Gorges Laboratory, Yichang, Hubei 443007, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxiao Feng
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China.
| | - Qi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, P. R. China.
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, P. R. China
| | - Xingchen He
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China.
- Hubei Three Gorges Laboratory, Yichang, Hubei 443007, P. R. China
| | - Linlin Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, P. R. China.
| | - Li Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, P. R. China.
| | - Yanna Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaoxi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, P. R. China.
| | - Jing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, P. R. China.
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, P. R. China
| | - Shulin Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
| | - Jianbo Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, P. R. China.
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Guangbo Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, P. R. China.
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xue-Feng Yu
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China.
- Hubei Three Gorges Laboratory, Yichang, Hubei 443007, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Paul K Chu
- Department of Physics, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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9
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Lu L, Sun M, Wu T, Lu Q, Chen B, Chan CH, Wong HH, Huang B. Transition metal anchored on red phosphorus to enable efficient photocatalytic H 2 generation. Front Chem 2023; 11:1197010. [PMID: 37388947 PMCID: PMC10305857 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1197010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Transition metal (TM) single atom catalysts (SACs) are of great potential for photocatalytic H2 production because of their abundant catalytic active sites and cost-effectiveness. As a promising support material, red phosphorus (RP) based SACs are still rarely investigated. In this work, we have carried out systematic theoretical investigations by anchoring TM atoms (Fe, Co, Ni, Cu) on RP for efficient photocatalytic H2 generation. Our density functional theory (DFT) calculations have revealed that 3d orbitals of TM locate close to the Fermi level to guarantee efficient electron transfer for photocatalytic performances. Compared with pristine RP, the introduction of single atom TM on the surface exhibit narrowed bandgaps, resulting in easier spatial separation for photon-generated charge carriers and an extended photocatalytic absorption window to the NIR range. Meanwhile, the H2O adsorptions are also highly preferred on the TM single atoms with strong electron exchange, which benefits the subsequent water-dissociation process. Due to the optimized electronic structure, the activation energy barrier of water-splitting has been remarkably reduced in RP-based SACs, revealing their promising potential for high-efficiency H2 production. Our comprehensive explorations and screening of novel RP-based SACs will offer a good reference for further designing novel photocatalysts for high-efficiency H2 generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Lu
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Mingzi Sun
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Tong Wu
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Qiuyang Lu
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Baian Chen
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Cheuk Hei Chan
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hon Ho Wong
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Bolong Huang
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Research Centre for Carbon-Strategic Catalysis, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
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10
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Fang WW, Yang GY, Fan ZH, Chen ZC, Hu XL, Zhan Z, Hussain I, Lu Y, He T, Tan BE. Conjugated cross-linked phosphine as broadband light or sunlight-driven photocatalyst for large-scale atom transfer radical polymerization. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2891. [PMID: 37210380 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38402-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of light to regulate photocatalyzed reversible deactivation radical polymerization (RDRP) under mild conditions, especially driven by broadband light or sunlight directly, is highly desired. But the development of a suitable photocatalyzed polymerization system for large-scale production of polymers, especially block copolymers, has remained a big challenge. Herein, we report the development of a phosphine-based conjugated hypercrosslinked polymer (PPh3-CHCP) photocatalyst for an efficient large-scale photoinduced copper-catalyzed atom transfer radical polymerization (Cu-ATRP). Monomers including acrylates and methyl acrylates can achieve near-quantitative conversions under a wide range (450-940 nm) of radiations or sunlight directly. The photocatalyst could be easily recycled and reused. The sunlight-driven Cu-ATRP allowed the synthesis of homopolymers at 200 mL from various monomers, and monomer conversions approached 99% in clouds intermittency with good control over polydispersity. In addition, block copolymers at 400 mL scale can also be obtained, which demonstrates its great potential for industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Wei Fang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, PR China
| | - Gui-Yu Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, PR China
| | - Zi-Hui Fan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, PR China
| | - Zi-Chao Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, PR China
| | - Xun-Liang Hu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, PR China
| | - Zhen Zhan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, PR China
| | - Irshad Hussain
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, SBA School of Science & Engineering, Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS), Lahore Cantt, Lahore, 54792, Pakistan
| | - Yang Lu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, PR China
| | - Tao He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, PR China.
| | - Bi-En Tan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, PR China.
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11
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Zhai R, Zhang L, Gu M, Zhao X, Zhang B, Cheng Y, Zhang J. A Review of Phosphorus Structures as CO 2 Reduction Photocatalysts. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2207840. [PMID: 36775943 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202207840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Effective photocatalytic carbon dioxide (CO2 ) reduction into high-value-added chemicals is promising to mitigate current energy crisis and global warming issues. Finding effective photocatalysts is crucial for photocatalytic CO2 reduction. Currently, metal-based semiconductors for photocatalytic CO2 reduction have been well reviewed, while review of nonmetal-based semiconductors is almost limited to carbon nitrides. Phosphorus is a promising nonmetal photocatalysts with various allotropes and tunable band gaps, which has been demonstrated to be promising non-metallic photocatalysts. However, no systematic review about phosphorus structures for photocatalytic CO2 reduction reactions has been reported. Herein, the progresses of phosphorus structures as photocatalysts for CO2 reduction are reviewed. The fundamentals of photocatalytic CO2 reduction, corresponding properties of phosphorus allotropes, photocatalysts with phosphorus doping or phosphorus-containing ligands, research progress of phosphorus allotropes as photocatalysts for CO2 reduction have been reviewed in this paper. The future research and perspective of phosphorus structures for photocatalytic CO2 reduction are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Center of Nanomaterials for Renewable Energy (CNRE), School of Electrical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Lihui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Center of Nanomaterials for Renewable Energy (CNRE), School of Electrical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Mengyue Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Center of Nanomaterials for Renewable Energy (CNRE), School of Electrical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Xuewen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Center of Nanomaterials for Renewable Energy (CNRE), School of Electrical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Bo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Center of Nanomaterials for Renewable Energy (CNRE), School of Electrical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Yonghong Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Center of Nanomaterials for Renewable Energy (CNRE), School of Electrical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Jinying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Center of Nanomaterials for Renewable Energy (CNRE), School of Electrical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
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12
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Wang M, Xu S, Ge Z, Li Y, Zhou Z, Chen Y. All-Solid-State C 3N 4/Ni xP/Red Phosphorus Z-Scheme Heterostructure for Wide-Spectrum Photocatalytic Pure Water Splitting. Ind Eng Chem Res 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c03297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Menglong Wang
- International Research Center for Renewable Energy, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an710049, P. R. China
| | - Shuai Xu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Water and Environment, Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region, Ministry of Education, Chang’an University, Xi’an710064, P. R. China
| | - Zhichao Ge
- International Research Center for Renewable Energy, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an710049, P. R. China
| | - Yuliang Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Water and Environment, Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region, Ministry of Education, Chang’an University, Xi’an710064, P. R. China
| | - Zhaohui Zhou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Water and Environment, Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region, Ministry of Education, Chang’an University, Xi’an710064, P. R. China
| | - Yubin Chen
- International Research Center for Renewable Energy, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an710049, P. R. China
- Integrated Energy Institute, Sichuan Digital Economy Industry Development Research Institute, Jinniu District, Chengdu610036, P. R. China
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13
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Ou H, Li G, Ren W, Pan B, Luo G, Hu Z, Wang D, Li Y. Atomically Dispersed Au-Assisted C–C Coupling on Red Phosphorus for CO 2 Photoreduction to C 2H 6. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:22075-22082. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c09424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Honghui Ou
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing100084, China
| | - Guosheng Li
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing526061, China
| | - Wei Ren
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Fujian Polytechnic Normal University, Fuzhou350300, China
| | - Boju Pan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou510006, P. R. China
| | - Guanghui Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou510006, P. R. China
| | - Zhuofeng Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou510006, P. R. China
| | - Dingsheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing100084, China
| | - Yadong Li
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing100084, China
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing100875, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu241002P. R. China
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14
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van IJzendoorn B, Albawardi SF, Vitorica-Yrezabal IJ, Whitehead GFS, McGrady JE, Mehta M. A Zintl Cluster for Transition Metal-Free Catalysis: C═O Bond Reductions. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:21213-21223. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c08559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bono van IJzendoorn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Saad F. Albawardi
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR, U.K
| | | | - George F. S. Whitehead
- X-ray Diffraction Facility, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, U.K
| | - John E. McGrady
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR, U.K
| | - Meera Mehta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, U.K
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15
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Wang M, Xu S, Zhou Z, Dong C, Guo X, Chen J, Huang Y, Shen S, Chen Y, Guo L, Burda C. Atomically Dispersed Janus Nickel Sites on Red Phosphorus for Photocatalytic Overall Water Splitting. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202204711. [PMID: 35522600 PMCID: PMC9400897 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202204711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Single‐atom nickel catalysts hold great promise for photocatalytic water splitting due to their plentiful active sites and cost‐effectiveness. Herein, we adopt a reactive‐group guided strategy to prepare atomically dispersed nickel catalysts on red phosphorus. The hydrothermal treatment of red phosphorus leads to the formation of P−H and P−OH groups, which behave as the reactive functionalities to generate the dual structure of single‐atom P−Ni and P−O−Ni catalytic sites. The produced single‐atom sites provide two different functions: P−Ni for water reduction and P−O−Ni for water oxidation. Benefitting from this specific Janus structure, Ni‐red phosphorus shows an elevated hydrogen evolution rate compared to Ni nanoparticle‐modified red phosphorus under visible‐light irradiation. The hydrogen evolution rate was additionally enhanced with increased reaction temperature, reaching 91.51 μmol h−1 at 70 °C, corresponding to an apparent quantum efficiency of 8.9 % at 420 nm excitation wavelength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menglong Wang
- International Research Center for Renewable EnergyState Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power EngineeringXi'an Jiaotong UniversityShaanxi710049China
| | - Shuai Xu
- Chemical Engineering and TechnologySchool of Water and EnvironmentKey Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid RegionMinistry of EducationChang'an UniversityXi'an710064China
| | - Zhaohui Zhou
- Chemical Engineering and TechnologySchool of Water and EnvironmentKey Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid RegionMinistry of EducationChang'an UniversityXi'an710064China
| | - Chung‐Li Dong
- Department of PhysicsTamkang UniversityNew Taipei City25137Taiwan
| | - Xu Guo
- International Research Center for Renewable EnergyState Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power EngineeringXi'an Jiaotong UniversityShaanxi710049China
| | - Jeng‐Lung Chen
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research CenterHsinchu30076Taiwan
| | - Yu‐Cheng Huang
- Department of PhysicsTamkang UniversityNew Taipei City25137Taiwan
| | - Shaohua Shen
- International Research Center for Renewable EnergyState Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power EngineeringXi'an Jiaotong UniversityShaanxi710049China
| | - Yubin Chen
- International Research Center for Renewable EnergyState Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power EngineeringXi'an Jiaotong UniversityShaanxi710049China
| | - Liejin Guo
- International Research Center for Renewable EnergyState Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power EngineeringXi'an Jiaotong UniversityShaanxi710049China
| | - Clemens Burda
- Department of ChemistryCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOH 44106USA
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16
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Burda C, Wang M, Xu S, Zhou Z, Dong CL, Guo X, Chen JL, Huang YC, Shen S, Chen Y, Guo L. Atomically Dispersed Janus Nickel Sites on Red Phosphorus for Photocatalytic Overall Water Splitting. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202204711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Clemens Burda
- Case Western Reserve University College of Arts and Sciences Chemistry Case Western Reserve University / Chemistry Dept.10900 Euclid Ave.44106 44106 Cleveland UNITED STATES
| | - Menglong Wang
- Xian Jiaotong University: Xi'an Jiaotong University Power Engineering CHINA
| | - Shuai Xu
- Changan University: Chang'an University Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | | | | | - Xu Guo
- Xi'an Jiaotong University Power Engineering CHINA
| | - Jeng-Lung Chen
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center Chemical Physics TAIWAN
| | | | - Shaohua Shen
- Xian Jiaotong University: Xi'an Jiaotong University Power Engineering CHINA
| | - Yubin Chen
- Xi'an Jiaotong University Power Engineering CHINA
| | - Liejin Guo
- Xi'an Jiaotong University International Research Center for Renewable Energy, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering CHINA
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17
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Sun P, Wang P, Yan D, Liu Q, Zhang W, Deng J, Liu Q. Boosting charge separation in conjugated microporous polymers via fluorination for enhancing photocatalysis. Catal Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cy01294d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs) have emerged as prospective heterogeneous photocatalysts for photocatalytic aerobic oxidation due to their ease of functionalization, high surface area and porosity, and tunable band gap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penghao Sun
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis & Waste Recycling, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Engineering, Xiangtan 411104, China
| | - Peigen Wang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis & Waste Recycling, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Engineering, Xiangtan 411104, China
| | - Dong Yan
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis & Waste Recycling, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Engineering, Xiangtan 411104, China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis & Waste Recycling, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Engineering, Xiangtan 411104, China
| | - Weijie Zhang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis & Waste Recycling, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Engineering, Xiangtan 411104, China
| | - Jiyong Deng
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis & Waste Recycling, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Engineering, Xiangtan 411104, China
| | - Qingquan Liu
- Hunan Provincial Key Lab of Advanced Materials for New Energy Storage and Conversion, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
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18
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Sun Z, Zhang B, Yan Q. Solution phase synthesis of the less-known Form II crystalline red phosphorus. Inorg Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qi01019d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Form II crystalline red phosphorus was grown by solvothermal reactions. XRD patterns match well with Roth’s results in 1947. Polyphosphide anions captured during phosphorus phase transformation support the “dissolution–crystallization” mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaojian Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Bowen Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qingfeng Yan
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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