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Zhang Y, Fan C, Zhang J, Tian X, Zuo W, He K. Lipid-conjugated nucleoside monophosphate and monophosphonate prodrugs: A versatile drug delivery paradigm. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 275:116614. [PMID: 38925014 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Integrating lipid conjugation strategies into the design of nucleoside monophosphate and monophosphonate prodrugs is a well-established approach for discovering potential therapeutics. The unique prodrug design endows nucleoside analogues with strong lipophilicity and structures resembling lysoglycerophospholipids, which improve cellular uptake, oral bioavailability and pharmacological activity. In addition, the metabolic stability, pharmacological activity, pharmacokinetic profiles and biodistribution of lipid prodrugs can be finely optimized by adding biostable caps, incorporating transporter-targeted groups, inserting stimulus-responsive bonds, adjusting chain lengths, and applying proper isosteric replacements. This review summarizes recent advances in the structural features and application fields of lipid-conjugated nucleoside monophosphate and monophosphonate prodrugs. This collection provides deep insights into the increasing repertoire of lipid prodrug development strategies and offers design inspirations for medicinal chemists for the development of novel chemotherapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhua Zhang
- College of Science, Xichang University, Sichuan, 615000, China.
| | - Conghua Fan
- Xichang People's Hospital, Xichang, Sichuan, 615000, China
| | - Junjie Zhang
- College of Science, Xichang University, Sichuan, 615000, China
| | - Xin Tian
- College of Science, Xichang University, Sichuan, 615000, China
| | - Wen Zuo
- Xichang People's Hospital, Xichang, Sichuan, 615000, China
| | - Kehan He
- College of Science, Xichang University, Sichuan, 615000, China
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2
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Xiong Y, Dai Y. Palladium-Catalyzed Regio- and Stereoselective Glycosylation of Azole Heterocycles Enables Access to Diverse Heterocyclic N-Glycosides. Org Lett 2024; 26:6878-6883. [PMID: 39106448 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c02466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/09/2024]
Abstract
An efficient and practical glycosylation platform for synthesizing N-glycosides by leveraging palladium catalysis is disclosed. This approach enables facile access to diverse heterocyclic N-glycosides with excellent regio- and stereoselectivities and high site selectivity of multiple N atoms. The reaction exhibits a broad substrate scope (65 examples), high functional group tolerance, and easy scalability. Its synthetic utility is demonstrated through late-stage functionalization of pharmaceutically relevant molecules and various diastereoselective transformations of the glycoside products. Overall, our method provides a handy tool for efficient and stereocontrolled synthesis of valuable N-glycosylated heterocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimeng Xiong
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, P. R. China
| | - Yuanwei Dai
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, P. R. China
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3
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Gao B, Yang K, Yang M, Li W, Jiang T, Gao R, Pei Y, Pei Z, Lv Y. A nanoplatform based on allylthiopurine bio-MOF and glycosylated AIE PARP inhibitor for cancer synthetic lethal therapy. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:8892-8895. [PMID: 39086281 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc02944e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
A biological nanoplatform (Gal-ANI@ZnAP NPs) was constructed based on a prodrug-skeletal metal-organic framework (MOF) using purine nucleobase analogue prodrug 6-allylthiopurine as a bioactive ligand, and functionalized with AIE fluorescent PARP inhibitor glycoconjugate for visualization therapy and synthetic lethal cancer therapy. This nanoplatform could actively target cancer cells, selectively release drugs in response to esterase/pH, and visualize drug uptake. In vitro studies revealed that Gal-ANI@ZnAP NPs increased the synthetic lethality in cancer cells by inducing DNA repair failure with the simultaneous targeting of PARP and nucleotide metabolism, thereby exhibiting a significant cancer-killing effect. The study presents a novel strategy to construct an AIE nanoplatform using pharmaceutical molecules for drug uptake visualization and boosting synthetic lethality in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingling Gao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, P. R. China.
| | - Ke Yang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, P. R. China.
| | - Manman Yang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, P. R. China.
| | - Wendong Li
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, P. R. China.
| | - Tingli Jiang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, P. R. China.
| | - Rong Gao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, P. R. China.
| | - Yuxin Pei
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, P. R. China.
| | - Zhichao Pei
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, P. R. China.
| | - Yinghua Lv
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, P. R. China.
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4
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Kennelly S, Sawyer JM, Payne AF, Ciota AT, Harki DA. Development of 3'-Deoxy-3',4'-didehydro-nucleoside Prodrug Inhibitors of West Nile and Zika Viruses. ACS Med Chem Lett 2024; 15:1334-1339. [PMID: 39140046 PMCID: PMC11318099 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.4c00225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The antiviral enzyme viperin catalyzes the formation of 3'-deoxy-3',4'-didehydro-cytidine-5'-triphosphate (ddhCTP). ddhCTP is incorporated into viral genomes and terminates genomic replication to confer broad-spectrum antiviral effects. We have previously utilized phosphoramidate pronucleotide (ProTide) technology to enable metabolic production of ddhCTP in cells from an exogenously dosed 3'-deoxy-3',4'-didehydro-cytidine ProTide, which confers inhibitory activity against West Nile virus (WNV) and Zika virus (ZIKV). Herein, we synthesized 3'-deoxy-3',4'-didehydro-nucleosides containing all native nucleobases (thymine, uracil, adenine, guanine, and hypoxanthine), elaborated each to a ProTide, and measured their activity for controlling WNV and ZIKV infection. In comparison to the ddhC ProTide, we found that the ProTides of 3'-deoxy-3',4'-didehydro-guanosine and 3'-deoxy-3',4'-didehydro-adenosine possess 2- and 4-fold greater antiviral effects against ZIKV, respectively. Collectively, this work advances the development of 3'-deoxy-3',4'-didehydro nucleosides as promising compounds for further development into broad-spectrum antiviral agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha
A. Kennelly
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 2231 Sixth Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Jacob M. Sawyer
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Anne F. Payne
- Department
of Biomedical Sciences, State University
of New York at Albany School of Public Health, Albany, New York 12144, United States
- The
Arbovirus Laboratory, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Slingerlands, New York 12201, United States
| | - Alexander T. Ciota
- Department
of Biomedical Sciences, State University
of New York at Albany School of Public Health, Albany, New York 12144, United States
- The
Arbovirus Laboratory, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Slingerlands, New York 12201, United States
| | - Daniel A. Harki
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 2231 Sixth Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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5
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Li Y, Zhou Y, Zhou D, Jiang Y, Butt M, Yang H, Que Y, Li Z, Chen G. Regioselective Homolytic C 2-H Borylation of Unprotected Adenosine and Adenine Derivatives via Minisci Reaction. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:21428-21441. [PMID: 39051926 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c03865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
A Minisci-type borylation of unprotected adenosine, adenine nucleotide, and adenosine analogues was successfully achieved through photocatalysis or thermal activation. Despite the challenges posed by the presence of two potential reactive sites (C2 and C8) in the purine motif, the unique nucleophilic amine-ligated boryl radicals effortlessly achieved excellent C2 site selectivity and simultaneously avoided the formation of multifunctionalized products. This protocol proved effective for the late-stage borylation of some important biomolecules as well as a few antiviral and antitumor drug molecules, such as AMP, cAMP, Vidarabine, Cordycepin, Tenofovir, Adefovir, GS-441524, etc. Theoretical calculations shed light on the site selectivity, revealing that the free energy barriers for the C2-Minisci addition are further lowered through the chelation of additive Mg2+ to N3 and furyl oxygen. This phenomenon has been confirmed by an IGMH analysis. Preliminary antitumor evaluation, derivation of the C2-borylated adenosine to other analogues with high-value functionalities, along with the CuAAC click reactions, suggest the potential application of this methodology in drug molecular optimization studies and chemical biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyan Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Yutong Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Green and High-value Utilization of Salt Lake Resources, Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, Qinghai, P. R. China
| | - Dazhi Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Yujie Jiang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Madiha Butt
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Hui Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province, Department of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, P. R. China
| | - Yingchuan Que
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Zhiming Li
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Gang Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Green and High-value Utilization of Salt Lake Resources, Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, Qinghai, P. R. China
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6
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Xiao W, Geng R, Bi D, Luo Y, Zhang Z, Gan Q, Liu Y, Zhu J. pH/H 2O 2 Cascade-Responsive Nanoparticles of Lipid-Like Prodrugs through Dynamic-Covalent and Coordination Interactions for Chemotherapy. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2308790. [PMID: 38396276 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202308790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Traditional lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) suffer from low drug loading capacity (DLC), weak stability, and lack of responsiveness. Conventional approaches to address these issues involve the synthesis of lipid-prodrug by incorporating responsive covalent linkers. However, such approaches often result in suboptimal sensitivity for drug release and undermine therapeutic effectiveness. Herein, the study reports a fundamentally different concept for designing lipid-like prodrugs through boron-nitrogen (B-N) coordination and dynamic covalent interaction. The 5-fluorouracil-based lipid-like prodrugs, featuring a borate ester consisting of a glycerophosphoryl choline head and a boronic acid-modified 5Fu/dodecanamine complex tail, are used to prepare pH/H2O2 cascade-responsive LNPs (5Fu-LNPs). The 5Fu-LNPs exhibit enhanced DLC and stability in a neutral physiological environment due to the B-N coordination and enhanced hydrophobicity. In tumors, acidic pH triggers the dissociation of B-N coordination to release prodrugs, which further responds to low H2O2 concentrations to release drugs, showcasing a potent pH/H2O2-cascade-responsive property. Importantly, 5Fu-LNPs demonstrate greater antitumor efficiency and lower toxicity compared to the commercial 5Fu. These results highlight 5Fu-LNPs as a safer and more effective alternative to chemotherapy. This work presents a unique LNP fabrication strategy that can overcome the limitations of conventional LNPs and broaden the range of intelligent nanomaterial preparation techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanyue Xiao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Rui Geng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Duohang Bi
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yi Luo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Zihan Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Quan Gan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yijing Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Shenzhen Huazhong University of Science and Technology Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Jintao Zhu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
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7
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Carson WP, Tsymbal AV, Pipal RW, Edwards GA, Martinelli JR, Cabré A, MacMillan DWC. Free-Radical Deoxygenative Amination of Alcohols via Copper Metallaphotoredox Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:15681-15687. [PMID: 38813987 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c04477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Alcohols are among the most abundant chemical feedstocks, yet they remain vastly underutilized as coupling partners in transition metal catalysis. Herein, we describe a copper metallaphotoredox manifold for the open shell deoxygenative coupling of alcohols with N-nucleophiles to forge C(sp3)-N bonds, a linkage of high value in pharmaceutical agents that is challenging to access via conventional cross-coupling techniques. N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-mediated conversion of alcohols into the corresponding alkyl radicals followed by copper-catalyzed C-N coupling renders this platform successful for a broad range of structurally unbiased alcohols and 18 classes of N-nucleophiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- William P Carson
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Artem V Tsymbal
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Robert W Pipal
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Grant A Edwards
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Joseph R Martinelli
- Lilly Genetic Medicine, Eli Lilly and Company, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Albert Cabré
- Centro de Investigación Lilly S.A., Madrid 28108, Spain
| | - David W C MacMillan
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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8
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Said YA, Hammad SF, Halim MI, El-Moneim AA, Osman A. Assessment of the therapeutic potential of a novel phosphoramidate acyclic nucleoside on induced hepatocellular carcinoma in rat model. Life Sci 2024:122669. [PMID: 38677390 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) is renowned as a deadly primary cancer of hepatic origin. Sorafenib is the drug-of-choice for targeted treatment of unresectable end-stage HCC. Unfortunately, great proportion of HCC patients showed intolerance or unresponsiveness to treatment. This study assesses potency of novel ProTide; SH-PAN-19 against N-Nitrosodiethylamine (DEN)-induced HCC in male Wistar rats, compared to Sorafenib. MAIN METHODS Structural entity of the synthesized compound was substantiated via FT-IR, UV-Vis, 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectroscopic analysis. In vitro, SH-PAN-19 cytotoxicity was tested against 3 human cell lines; hepatocellular carcinoma; HepG-2, colorectal carcinoma; HCT-116 and normal fibroblasts; MRC-5. In vivo, therapeutic efficacy of SH-PAN-19 (300 mg/kg b.w./day) against HCC could be revealed and compared to that of Sorafenib (15 mg/kg b.w./day) by evaluating the morphometric, biochemical, histopathological, immunohistochemical and molecular key markers. KEY FINDINGS SH-PAN-19 was relatively safe toward MRC-5 cells (IC50 = 307.6 μg/mL), highly cytotoxic to HepG-2 cells (IC50 = 24.9 μg/mL) and prominently hepato-selective (TSI = 12.35). Oral LD50 of SH-PAN-19 was >3000 mg/kg b.w. DEN-injected rats suffered hepatomegaly, oxidative stress, elevated liver enzymes, hypoalbuminemia, bilirubinemia and skyrocketed AFP plasma titre. SH-PAN-19 alleviated the DEN-induced alterations in apoptotic, angiogenic and inflammatory markers. SH-PAN-19 produced a 2.5-folds increase in Caspase-9 and downregulated VEGFR-2, IL-6, TNF-α, TGFβ-1, MMP-9 and CcnD-1 to levels comparable to that elicited by Sorafenib. SH-PAN-19 resulted in near-complete pathological response versus partial response achieved by Sorafenib. SIGNIFICANCE This research illustrated that SH-PAN-19 is a promising chemotherapeutic agent capable of restoring cellular plasticity and could stop HCC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youssef A Said
- Biotechnology Program, Basic and Applied Sciences Institute, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology (E-JUST), 21934 New Borg El-Arab City, Alexandria, Egypt; Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, 11566 Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Sherif F Hammad
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, PharmD Program, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology (E-JUST), 21934 New Borg El-Arab City, Alexandria, Egypt; Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, 11795 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mariam I Halim
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, 11566 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Abd El-Moneim
- Graphene Center of Excellence, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology (E-JUST), 21934 New Borg El-Arab City, Alexandria, Egypt; Physical Chemistry Department, National Research Centre (NRC), 12622 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Osman
- Biotechnology Program, Basic and Applied Sciences Institute, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology (E-JUST), 21934 New Borg El-Arab City, Alexandria, Egypt; Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, 11566 Cairo, Egypt
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9
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BHUSARE NILAM, KUMAR MAUSHMI. A review on potential heterocycles for the treatment of glioblastoma targeting receptor tyrosine kinases. Oncol Res 2024; 32:849-875. [PMID: 38686058 PMCID: PMC11055995 DOI: 10.32604/or.2024.047042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma, the most aggressive form of brain tumor, poses significant challenges in terms of treatment success and patient survival. Current treatment modalities for glioblastoma include radiation therapy, surgical intervention, and chemotherapy. Unfortunately, the median survival rate remains dishearteningly low at 12-15 months. One of the major obstacles in treating glioblastoma is the recurrence of tumors, making chemotherapy the primary approach for secondary glioma patients. However, the efficacy of drugs is hampered by the presence of the blood-brain barrier and multidrug resistance mechanisms. Consequently, considerable research efforts have been directed toward understanding the underlying signaling pathways involved in glioma and developing targeted drugs. To tackle glioma, numerous studies have examined kinase-downstream signaling pathways such as RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK-MPAK. By targeting specific signaling pathways, heterocyclic compounds have demonstrated efficacy in glioma therapeutics. Additionally, key kinases including phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), serine/threonine kinase, cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase (CTK), receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) and lipid kinase (LK) have been considered for investigation. These pathways play crucial roles in drug effectiveness in glioma treatment. Heterocyclic compounds, encompassing pyrimidine, thiazole, quinazoline, imidazole, indole, acridone, triazine, and other derivatives, have shown promising results in targeting these pathways. As part of this review, we propose exploring novel structures with low toxicity and high potency for glioma treatment. The development of these compounds should strive to overcome multidrug resistance mechanisms and efficiently penetrate the blood-brain barrier. By optimizing the chemical properties and designing compounds with enhanced drug-like characteristics, we can maximize their therapeutic value and minimize adverse effects. Considering the complex nature of glioblastoma, these novel structures should be rigorously tested and evaluated for their efficacy and safety profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- NILAM BHUSARE
- Somaiya Institute for Research & Consultancy, Somaiya Vidyavihar University, Vidyavihar (East), Mumbai, 400077, India
| | - MAUSHMI KUMAR
- Somaiya Institute for Research & Consultancy, Somaiya Vidyavihar University, Vidyavihar (East), Mumbai, 400077, India
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10
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Li XQ, Cheng XJ, Wu J, Wu KF, Liu T. Targeted inhibition of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway by (+)-anthrabenzoxocinone induces cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and autophagy in non-small cell lung cancer. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2024; 29:58. [PMID: 38649803 PMCID: PMC11036658 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-024-00578-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), characterized by low survival rates and a high recurrence rate, is a major cause of cancer-related mortality. Aberrant activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway is a common driver of NSCLC. Within this study, the inhibitory activity of (+)-anthrabenzoxocinone ((+)-ABX), an oxygenated anthrabenzoxocinone compound derived from Streptomyces, against NSCLC is demonstrated for the first time both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, it is confirmed that the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway is targeted and suppressed by (+)-ABX, resulting in the induction of S and G2/M phase arrest, apoptosis, and autophagy in NSCLC cells. Additionally, the augmentation of intracellular ROS levels by (+)-ABX is revealed, further contributing to the inhibition of the signaling pathway and exerting inhibitory effects on tumor growth. The findings presented in this study suggest that (+)-ABX possesses the potential to serve as a lead compound for the treatment of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Qian Li
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, The First People's Hospital of Zunyi), Scientific Research Center, Guizhou, 563002, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Ju Cheng
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, The First People's Hospital of Zunyi), Scientific Research Center, Guizhou, 563002, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Wu
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, The First People's Hospital of Zunyi), Scientific Research Center, Guizhou, 563002, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai-Feng Wu
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, The First People's Hospital of Zunyi), Scientific Research Center, Guizhou, 563002, People's Republic of China.
| | - Tie Liu
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, The First People's Hospital of Zunyi), Scientific Research Center, Guizhou, 563002, People's Republic of China.
- Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China.
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11
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Wang R, Xu H, Banerjee A, Cui Z, Ma Y, Whittingham WG, Yang P, Li A. Mild Approach to Nucleoside Analogues via Photoredox/Cu-Catalyzed Decarboxylative C-N Bond Formation. Total Synthesis of Oxetanocin A. Org Lett 2024; 26:2691-2696. [PMID: 38011311 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c00914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
The conventional N-glycosylation methods for nucleoside synthesis usually require strongly acidic or basic conditions. Here we report the decarboxylative C(sp3)-N coupling of glycosyl N-hydroxyphthalimide esters with nucleobases via dual photoredox/Cu catalysis, which offered a mild approach to nucleoside analogues. A total synthesis of oxetanocin A, an antiviral natural product containing an oxetanose moiety, has been achieved by using this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruonan Wang
- College of Chemistry and Henan Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Arpan Banerjee
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhongwen Cui
- College of Chemistry and Henan Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yuyong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - William G Whittingham
- Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Syngenta Limited, Bracknell, Berkshire RG42 6EY, United Kingdom
| | - Peng Yang
- College of Chemistry and Henan Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Ang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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12
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Tang X, Zhou Y, Wang Y, Lin Y, Pan S, Che Q, Sang J, Gao Z, Zhang W, Wang Y, Li G, Gao L, Wang Z, Yang X, Liu A, Wang S, Yu B, Xu P, Wang Z, Zhang Z, Yang P, Xie W, Sun H, Li W. Direct Synthesis of α- and β-2'-Deoxynucleosides with Stereodirecting Phosphine Oxide via Remote Participation. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:8768-8779. [PMID: 38483318 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c01780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
2'-Deoxynucleosides and analogues play a vital role in drug development, but their preparation remains a significant challenge. Previous studies have focused on β-2'-deoxynucleosides with the natural β-configuration. In fact, their isomeric α-2'-deoxynucleosides also exhibit diverse bioactivities and even better metabolic stability. Herein, we report that both α- and β-2'-deoxynucleosides can be prepared with high yields and stereoselectivity using a remote directing diphenylphosphinoyl (DPP) group. It is particularly efficient to prepare α-2'-deoxynucleosides with an easily accessible 3,5-di-ODPP donor. Instead of acting as a H-bond acceptor on a 2-(diphenylphosphinoyl)acetyl (DPPA) group in our previous studies for syn-facial O-glycosylation, the phosphine oxide moiety here acts as a remote participating group to enable highly antifacial N-glycosylation. This proposed remote participation mechanism is supported by our first characterization of an important 1,5-briged P-heterobicyclic intermediate via variable-temperature NMR spectroscopy. Interestingly, antiproliferative assays led to a α-2'-deoxynucleoside with IC50 values in the low micromole range against central nervous system tumor cell lines SH-SY5Y and LN229, whereas its β-anomer exhibited no inhibition at 100 μM. Furthermore, the DPP group significantly enhanced the antitumor activities by 10 times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xintong Tang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, China
| | - Yueer Zhou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, China
| | - Yingjie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yetong Lin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, China
| | - Shuheng Pan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, China
| | - Qianwei Che
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, China
| | - Jinpeng Sang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, China
| | - Ziming Gao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, China
| | - Weiting Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, China
| | - Guolong Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, China
| | - Longwei Gao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, China
| | - Zhimei Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, China
| | - Xudong Yang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, China
| | - Ao Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, China
| | - Suyu Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, China
| | - Biao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Peng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, China
| | - Zhaolun Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, China
| | - Peng Yang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, China
| | - Weijia Xie
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, China
| | - Haopeng Sun
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, China
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13
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Rong Z, Zheng K, Chen J, Jin X. The cross talk of ubiquitination and chemotherapy tolerance in colorectal cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2024; 150:154. [PMID: 38521878 PMCID: PMC10960765 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-024-05659-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Ubiquitination, a highly adaptable post-translational modification, plays a pivotal role in maintaining cellular protein homeostasis, encompassing cancer chemoresistance-associated proteins. Recent findings have indicated a potential correlation between perturbations in the ubiquitination process and the emergence of drug resistance in CRC cancer. Consequently, numerous studies have spurred the advancement of compounds specifically designed to target ubiquitinates, offering promising prospects for cancer therapy. In this review, we highlight the role of ubiquitination enzymes associated with chemoresistance to chemotherapy via the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and cell cycle perturbation. In addition, we summarize the application and role of small compounds that target ubiquitination enzymes for CRC treatment, along with the significance of targeting ubiquitination enzymes as potential cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze Rong
- Department of Chemoradiotherapy, the Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315040, China.
| | - Kaifeng Zheng
- Department of Chemoradiotherapy, the Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315040, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Chemoradiotherapy, the Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315040, China.
| | - Xiaofeng Jin
- Department of Chemoradiotherapy, the Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315040, China.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Health Science Center, Ningbo, 315211, China.
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14
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Xie R, Li W, Ge Y, Zhou Y, Xiao G, Zhao Q, Han Y, Li Y, Chen G. Late-stage guanine C8-H alkylation of nucleosides, nucleotides, and oligonucleotides via photo-mediated Minisci reaction. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2549. [PMID: 38514662 PMCID: PMC10957873 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46671-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Chemically modified nucleosi(ti)des and functional oligonucleotides (ONs, including therapeutic oligonucleotides, aptamer, nuclease, etc.) have been identified playing an essential role in the areas of medicinal chemistry, chemical biology, biotechnology, and nanotechnology. Introduction of functional groups into the nucleobases of ONs mostly relies on the laborious de novo chemical synthesis. Due to the importance of nucleosides modification and aforementioned limitations of functionalizing ONs, herein, we describe a highly efficient site-selective alkylation at the C8-position of guanines in guanosine (together with its analogues), GMP, GDP, and GTP, as well as late-stage functionalization of dinucleotides and single-strand ONs (including ssDNA and RNA) through photo-mediated Minisci reaction. Addition of catechol to assist the formation of alkyl radicals via in situ generated boronic acid catechol ester derivatives (BACED) markedly enhances the yields especially for the reaction of less stable primary alkyl radicals, and is the key to success for the post-synthetic alkylation of ONs. This method features excellent chemoselectivity, no necessity for pre-protection, wide range of substrate scope, various free radical precursors, and little strand lesion. Downstream applications in disease treatment and diagnosis, or as biochemical probes to study biological processes after linking with suitable fluorescent compounds are expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoqian Xie
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanlu Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhua Ge
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yutong Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Green and High-End Utilization of Salt Lake Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810008, Qinghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Guolan Xiao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Qin Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunxi Han
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangyan Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Green and High-End Utilization of Salt Lake Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810008, Qinghai, People's Republic of China.
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15
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He X, Liang J, Li X, Wang Y, Zhang X, Chen D, Wu L, Wang S. Dahuang zhechong pill ameliorates hepatic fibrosis by regulating gut microbiota and metabolites. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 321:117402. [PMID: 37967779 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE DHZCP is a traditional Chinese medicinal formula in "The Synopsis of Prescriptions of the Golden Chamber" that has been often used in the treatment of hepatic disorders, gynecopathy and atherosclerosis. However, its underlying mechanisms in preventing hepatic fibrosis remain incompletely understood. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aims to explore the therapeutic efficacy and potential mechanism of DHZCP in a CCL4-induced experimental hepatic fibrosis rat model. MATERIALS AND METHODS DHZCP was orally administered at doses of 0.168, 0.084 and 0.042 g⋅kg-1⋅d-1 in a CCL4-induced hepatic fibrosis model using SD rats. Histopathology, immunohistochemistry and biochemical analysis, ELISA, Flow cytometry, WB, RT-PCR, 16 S rRNA, and untargeted metabolomic analysis were used to determine the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of DHZCP in the treatment of CCL4-induced hepatic fibrosis. RESULTS Pharmacodynamically, DHZCP inhibited ALT and AST, improved liver function, decreased NF-κB, TNF-α and IL-6 in liver tissue, indicating its role in inhibiting CCL4-induced liver inflammation. Most importantly, it reduces the level of fibrosis in serum and liver tissue. Histological analysis also showed that DHZCP could effectively inhibit inflammatory cytokine infiltration and excessive collagen deposition. Mechanistically, DHZCP regulates gut microbiota, improves the proportion of firmicutes and bacteroidota at the phylum level, and increases the abundance of beneficial bacteria at the genus level, such as muribagulaceae unclassified, prevotella, alloprevotella, closteriales unclassified, lachnospiraceae unclassified and phascolarctobacterium. Instead, it reduced the abundance of two harmful bacteria, desulfovibrio and colidextribacter. Four types of metabolites such as hydrocarbons, organic nitrogen compounds, organic oxygen compounds, and organosulfur compounds were added. Furthermore, DHZCP was found to reduce the damage of intestinal barrier caused by changes in gut microbiota and metabolites. CONCLUSION DHZCP is an effective inhibitor of hepatic fibrosis by regulating gut microbiota and metabolites, improving the integrity of the intestinal barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan He
- College of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, PR China
| | - Jingtao Liang
- College of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610036, PR China
| | - Xin Li
- College of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, PR China
| | - Yao Wang
- College of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, PR China
| | - Xiaobo Zhang
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, PR China
| | - Dayi Chen
- College of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, PR China.
| | - Lijuan Wu
- College of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, PR China.
| | - Shiyu Wang
- College of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, PR China.
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16
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Nascimento SMRD, Ferry A, Gallier F, Lubin-Germain N, Uziel J, Gonzales S, Miranda LSDME. Developments in the chemistry and biology of 1,2,3-triazolyl-C-nucleosides. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2024; 357:e2300580. [PMID: 38150650 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202300580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
In the last 50 years, nucleoside analogs have been introduced to drug therapy as antivirals for different types of cancer due to their interference in cellular proliferation. Among the first line of nucleoside treatment drugs, ribavirin (RBV) is a synthetic N-nucleoside with a 1,2,4-triazole moiety that acts as a broad-spectrum antiviral. It is on the World Health Organization (WHO) list of essential medicines. However, this important drug therapy causes several side effects due to its nonspecific mechanism of action. There is thus a need for a continuous study of its scaffold. A particular approach consists of connecting d-ribose to the nitrogen-containing base with a C-C bond. It provides more stability against enzymatic action and a better pharmacologic profile. The coronavirus disease (COVID) pandemic has increased the need for more solutions for the treatment of viral infections. Among these solutions, remdesivir, the first C-nucleoside, has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for clinical use against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). It drew attention to the study of the C-nucleoside scaffold. Different C-nucleoside patterns have been synthesized over the years. They show many important activities against viruses and cancer cell lines. 1,2,3-Triazolyl-C-nucleoside derivatives are a prolific and efficient subclass of RBV analogs close to the already-known RBV with a C-C bond modification. These compounds are often prepared by alkynylation of the d-ribose ring followed by azide-alkyne cycloaddition. They are reported to be active against the Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus and several tumoral cell lines, showing promising biological potential. In this review, we explore such approaches to 1,2,3-triazolyl-C-nucleosides and their evolution over the years.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Angélique Ferry
- CY Cergy Paris Université, CNRS, BioCIS, Cergy-Pontoise, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, BioCIS, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Florian Gallier
- CY Cergy Paris Université, CNRS, BioCIS, Cergy-Pontoise, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, BioCIS, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Nadège Lubin-Germain
- CY Cergy Paris Université, CNRS, BioCIS, Cergy-Pontoise, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, BioCIS, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Jacques Uziel
- CY Cergy Paris Université, CNRS, BioCIS, Cergy-Pontoise, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, BioCIS, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Simon Gonzales
- CY Cergy Paris Université, CNRS, BioCIS, Cergy-Pontoise, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, BioCIS, Châtenay-Malabry, France
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17
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Kadhum WR, Majeed AA, Saleh RO, Ali E, Alhajlah S, Alwaily ER, Mustafa YF, Ghildiyal P, Alawadi A, Alsalamy A. Overcoming drug resistance with specific nano scales to targeted therapy: Focused on metastatic cancers. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 255:155137. [PMID: 38324962 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Metastatic cancer, which accounts for the majority of cancer fatalities, is a difficult illness to treat. Currently used cancer treatments include radiation therapy, chemotherapy, surgery, and targeted treatment (immune, gene, and hormonal). The disadvantages of these treatments include a high risk of tumor recurrence and surgical complications that may result in permanent deformities. On the other hand, most chemotherapy drugs are small molecules, which usually have unfavorable side effects, low absorption, poor selectivity, and multi-drug resistance. Anticancer drugs can be delivered precisely to the cancer spot by encapsulating them to reduce side effects. Stimuli-responsive nanocarriers can be used for drug release at cancer sites and provide target-specific delivery. As previously stated, metastasis is the primary cause of cancer-related mortality. We have evaluated the usage of nano-medications in the treatment of some metastatic tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesam R Kadhum
- Department of Pharmacy, Kut University College, Kut 52001, Wasit, Iraq; Advanced research center, Kut University College, Kut 52001, Wasit, Iraq.
| | - Ali A Majeed
- Department of Pathological Analyses, Faculty of Science, University of Kufa, Najaf, Iraq
| | - Raed Obaid Saleh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Techniques, Al-Maarif University College, Al-Anbar, Iraq
| | - Eyhab Ali
- Pharmacy Department, Al-Zahraa University for Women, Karbala, Iraq
| | - Sharif Alhajlah
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Shaqra University, Shaqra 11961, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Enas R Alwaily
- Microbiology Research Group, College of Pharmacy, Al-Ayen University, Thi-Qar, Iraq
| | - Yasser Fakri Mustafa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq
| | - Pallavi Ghildiyal
- Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India
| | - Ahmed Alawadi
- College of technical engineering, the Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq; College of technical engineering, the Islamic University of Al Diwaniyah, Al Diwaniyah, Iraq; College of technical engineering, the Islamic University of Babylon, Babylon, Iraq
| | - Ali Alsalamy
- College of technical engineering, Imam Ja'afar Al-Sadiq University, Al-Muthanna 66002, Iraq
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18
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Desai SP, Yatzoglou G, Turner JA, Taylor MS. Boronic Acid-Catalyzed Regio- and Stereoselective N-Glycosylations of Purines and Other Azole Heterocycles: Access to Nucleoside Analogues. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:4973-4984. [PMID: 38330907 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c14434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
In the presence of an arylboronic acid catalyst, azole-type heterocycles, including purines, tetrazoles, triazoles, indazoles, and benzo-fused congeners, undergo regio- and stereoselective N-glycosylations with furanosyl and pyranosyl trichloroacetimidate donors. The protocol, which does not require stoichiometric activators, specialized leaving groups, or drying agents, provides access to nucleoside analogues and enables late-stage N-glycosylation of azole-containing pharmaceutical agents. A mechanism involving simultaneous activation of the glycosyl donor and acceptor by the organoboron catalyst has been proposed, supported by kinetic analysis and computational modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shrey P Desai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Giorgos Yatzoglou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Julia A Turner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Mark S Taylor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
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Ritere A, Jeminejs A, Bizde̅na E, Turks M, Novosjolova I. Synthesis of 6-Selanyl-2-triazolylpurine Derivatives Using 2,6-Bistriazolylpurines as Starting Materials. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:6366-6380. [PMID: 38371834 PMCID: PMC10870272 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c04994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Two pathways toward 6-selanyl-2-triazolylpurine derivatives were designed. The first method involved the synthesis of 2-chloro-6-selanylpurine derivatives, further SNAr reaction with NaN3, and following CuAAC using different alkynes. The second method was based on the synthesis of 2,6-bistriazolylpurine derivatives as starting materials followed by SNAr reaction with commercial or in situ generated selenols as nucleophiles. A series of 2-chloro-6-selanylpurine derivatives were obtained in yields up to 84%. It was found that in the latter compounds, 6-selanyl moiety was the better leaving group compared to 2-chlorosubstituent in SNAr reactions. On the other hand, the SNAr reaction between 2,6-bistriazolylpurines and selenols or diselenides was successful, and 13 examples of 6-selanyl-2-triazolylpurine derivatives were obtained in yields up to 87%. This direct approach for the Se-C bond formation proved the ability of the 1,2,3-triazolyl ring at the C6 position of purine to act as a good leaving group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnija Ritere
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, Riga Technical University, P. Valdena Str. 3, Riga LV 1048, Latvia
| | - Andris Jeminejs
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, Riga Technical University, P. Valdena Str. 3, Riga LV 1048, Latvia
| | - E̅rika Bizde̅na
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, Riga Technical University, P. Valdena Str. 3, Riga LV 1048, Latvia
| | - Ma̅ris Turks
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, Riga Technical University, P. Valdena Str. 3, Riga LV 1048, Latvia
| | - Irina Novosjolova
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, Riga Technical University, P. Valdena Str. 3, Riga LV 1048, Latvia
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Gómez-Bra A, Gude L, Arias-Pérez MS. Synthesis, structural study and antitumor activity of novel alditol-based imidazophenanthrolines (aldo-IPs). Bioorg Med Chem 2024; 99:117563. [PMID: 38215623 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2023.117563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
A series of 1H-imidazo [4,5-f][1,10] phenanthroline derivatives functionalized at 2-position with chiral, and conformationally flexible polyhydroxy alkyl chains derived from carbohydrates (alditol-based imidazophenanthrolines, aldo-IPs) is presented herein. These novel glycomimetics showed relevant and differential cytotoxic activity against several cultured tumor cell lines (PC3, HeLa and HT-29), dependent on the nature and stereochemistry of the polyhydroxy alkyl chain. The mannose-based aldo-IP demonstrated the higher cytotoxicity in the series, substantially better than cisplatin metallo-drug in all cell lines tested, and better than G-quadruplex ligand 360A in HeLa and HT29 cells. Cell cycle experiments and Annexin V-PI assays revealed that aldo-IPs induce apoptosis in HeLa cells. Initial study of DNA interactions by DNA FRET melting assays proved that the aldo-IPs produce only a slight thermal stabilization of DNA secondary structures, more pronounced in the case of quadruplex DNA. Viscosity titrations with CT dsDNA suggest that the compounds behave as DNA groove binders, whereas equilibrium dialysis assays showed that the compounds bind CT with Ka values in the range 104-105 M-1. The aldo-IP derivatives were obtained with synthetically useful yields through a feasible one-pot multistep process, by aerobic oxidative cyclization of 1,10-phenanthroline-5,6-diamine with a selection of unprotected aldoses using (NH4)2SO4 as promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Gómez-Bra
- Universidad de Alcalá, Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Investigación Química "Andrés M. del Río" (IQAR), 28805-Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; Grupo DISCOBAC, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Castilla-La Mancha (IDISCAM), Spain
| | - Lourdes Gude
- Universidad de Alcalá, Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Investigación Química "Andrés M. del Río" (IQAR), 28805-Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; Grupo DISCOBAC, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Castilla-La Mancha (IDISCAM), Spain.
| | - María-Selma Arias-Pérez
- Universidad de Alcalá, Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Investigación Química "Andrés M. del Río" (IQAR), 28805-Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
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21
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Song N, Sun Z, Wang B, Liu X, Hu B, Chen N, Zhang S, Yu Z. Suicide gene delivery by morphology-adaptable enantiomeric peptide assemblies for combined ovarian cancer therapy. Acta Biomater 2024; 175:250-261. [PMID: 38122884 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Suicide gene therapy is a promising therapeutic model for ovarian cancer (OC), while suffering from poor gene delivery and limited therapeutic efficacy. To address this concern, here we reported the GSH-responsive morphology-transformable enantiomeric peptide assemblies as delivering vehicles for suicide genes and co-delivery of paclitaxel (PTX). Connecting a lipid-like amphiphile and a hydrophilic arginine segment through disulfide bonds led to the enantiomeric peptides. The enantiomeric peptide assemblies are able to simultaneously uptake plasmid DNA (pDNA) and PTX based on electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions. The resulting co-assemblies underwent GSH-responsive disulfide cleavage and thereby promoting their assembly from nanoparticles to nanofibers, leading to the co-release of pDNA and PTX. Cellular and animal studies confirmed the co-delivery of pDNA and PTX into OC cells and the cell apoptosis by the enantiomeric peptides. In addition, in vitro and in vivo experiments supported the advanced uptake and cytotoxicity for L-type peptide vehicles by OC cells, and their great potential for OC-imaging, growth-inhibition and apoptosis-induction compared to D-counterpart. Our results demonstrate that the GSH-responsive morphology-transformable chiral peptide assemblies accurately and simultaneously release suicide genes and chemodrugs at tumor sites, thus providing a new strategy for the development of delivering vehicles for suicide gene and establishment of new therapeutic models for ovarian cancer. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Appropriate delivery carriers are essential for the clinical translation of cancer gene therapy, including the emerging suicide gene therapy. By combining the advantages of morphological transformable vehicles with the chirality peptides towards their bioactivity, we developed the GSH-responsive morphology-transformable enantiomeric peptide assemblies as delivering vehicles for suicide genes and co-delivery of paclitaxel. The GSH-responsive assembly of the enantiomeric peptides allows for precise release of plasmid DNA and paclitaxel in cancer cells, and promotes the formation of nanofibrils that facilitate gene entering nuclei for transfection. The enantiomeric peptide-based vehicles show the chirality-dependent capability for inducing cell apoptosis and inhibiting tumor growth. Our findings demonstrate a new strategy for developing therapeutic models for ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Song
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Novel Pharmaceutical Excipients and Controlled Release Preparations, College of Medicine and Nursing, Dezhou University, China
| | - Zhe Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Weijin Road 92, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Binbin Hu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Ninglin Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China; The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, 36 Lushan Road, Changsha, Hunan 410000, China
| | - Sihe Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Zhilin Yu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China.
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22
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Nagpal A, Tyagi N, Neelakandan PP. BODIPY-fused uracil: synthesis, photophysical properties, and applications. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2024; 23:365-376. [PMID: 38227134 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-023-00524-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Fluorescent nucleobase and nucleic acid analogs are important tools in chemical and molecular biology as fluorescent labelling of nucleobases has applications in cellular imaging and anti-tumor activity. Boron-dipyrromethene (BODIPY) dyes exhibiting high brightness and good photostability are extensively used as fluorescent labelling agents and as type II photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy. Thus, the combination of nucleobases and BODIPY to obtain new compounds with both anti-tumor activity and fluorescent imaging functions is the focus of our research. We synthesized two new nucleobase analogs 1 and 2 by fusing the BODIPY core directly with uracil which resulted in favorable photophysical properties and high emission quantum efficiencies particularly in organic solvents. Further, we explored the newly synthesized derivatives, which possessed good singlet oxygen generation efficiencies and bio-compatibility, as potential PDT agents and our results show that they exhibit in vitro anti-tumor activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayushi Nagpal
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector 81, Mohali, 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Nidhi Tyagi
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector 81, Mohali, 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Prakash P Neelakandan
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector 81, Mohali, 140306, Punjab, India.
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23
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Moreira T, Manuel DM, Rosa J, Nunes RS, Vojáčková V, Jorda R, Oliveira MC, Xavier NM. Synthesis and Antiproliferative Evaluation of d-Glucuronamide-Based Nucleosides and (Triazolyl)methyl Amide-Linked Pseudodisaccharide Nucleosides. ChemMedChem 2024; 19:e202300608. [PMID: 38095428 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202300608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
The synthesis and antiproliferative evaluation of novel d-glucopyranuronamide-containing nucleosides is described. Based on our previously reported anticancer d-glucuronamide-based nucleosides, new analogues comprising N/O-dodecyl or N-propargyl substituents at the glucuronamide unit and anomerically-N-linked 2-acetamido-6-chloropurine, 6-chloropurine or 4-(6-chloropurinyl)methyl triazole motifs were synthesized in 4-6 steps starting from acetonide-protected glucofuranurono-6,3-lactone. The methodologies were based on the access to N-substituted glycopyranuronamide precursors, namely 1,2-O-acetyl derivatives or glucuronoamidyl azides for further nucleobase N-glycosylation or 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition with N9 - and N7 -propargyl-6-chloropurines, respectively. N-Propargyl glucuronamide-based N9 -purine nucleosides were converted into (triazolyl)methyl amide-6,6-linked pseudodisaccharide nucleosides via cycloaddition with methyl 6-azido-glucopyranoside. A CuI/Amberlyst A-21 catalytic system employed in the cycloaddition reactions also effected conversion into 6-dimethylaminopurine nucleosides. Antiproliferative evaluation in chronic myeloid leukemia (K562) and breast cancer (MCF-7) cells revealed significant effects exhibited by the synthesized monododecylated purine-containing nucleosides. A N-propargyl 3-O-dodecyl glucuronamide derivative comprising a N9 -β-linked 6-chloropurine moiety was the most active compound against MCF-7 cells (GI50 =11.9 μM) while a related α-(purinyl)methyltriazole nucleoside comprising a N7 -linked 6-chloropurine moiety exhibited the highest activity against K562 cells (GI50 =8.0 μM). Flow cytometry and immunoblotting analysis of apoptosis-related proteins in K562 cells treated with the N-propargyl 3-O-dodecyl glucuronamide-based N9 -linked 6-chloropurine nucleoside indicated that it acts via apoptosis induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tânia Moreira
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Ed. C8, 5° Piso, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Domingos M Manuel
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Ed. C8, 5° Piso, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Joana Rosa
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Ed. C8, 5° Piso, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rafael Santana Nunes
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Ed. C8, 5° Piso, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal
- BioISI - Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Ed. C8, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Veronika Vojáčková
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Jorda
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - M Conceição Oliveira
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco País, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Nuno M Xavier
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Ed. C8, 5° Piso, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal
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24
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Munawar S, Zahoor AF, Hussain SM, Ahmad S, Mansha A, Parveen B, Ali KG, Irfan A. Steglich esterification: A versatile synthetic approach toward the synthesis of natural products, their analogues/derivatives. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23416. [PMID: 38170008 PMCID: PMC10758822 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The exploitation of natural products and their analogues in the field of pharmacology has been regarded as of great importance. It can be attributed to the fact that these scaffolds exhibit diverse chemical properties, distinct biological activities and zenith specificity in their biochemical processes, enabling them to act as favorable structures for lead compounds. The synthesis of natural products has been a crafty and hard-to-achieve task. Steglich esterification reaction has played a significant role in that area. It is a mild and efficient technique for constructing ester linkages. This technique involves the establishment of ester moiety via a carbodiimide-based condensation of a carboxylic acid with an alcohol, thiol or an amine catalyzed by dimethyl aminopyridine (DMAP). Specifically, labile reagents with multiple reactive sites are esterified efficiently with the classical and modified Steglich esterification conditions, which accounts for their synthetic utility. This review encloses the performance of the Steglich esterification reaction in forging the ester linkage for executing the total synthesis of natural products and their derivatives since 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Munawar
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, 38000, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ameer Fawad Zahoor
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, 38000, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Syed Makhdoom Hussain
- Department of Zoology, Government College University Faisalabad, 38000, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sajjad Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, University of Engineering and Technology Lahore, Faisalabad Campus, 38000, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Asim Mansha
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, 38000, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Bushra Parveen
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, 38000, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Kulsoom Ghulam Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, 38000, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ahmad Irfan
- Department of Chemistry, King Khalid University, Abha, 61413, P.O. Box 9004, Saudi Arabia
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25
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Liu ZQ. Is it still worth renewing nucleoside anticancer drugs nowadays? Eur J Med Chem 2024; 264:115987. [PMID: 38056297 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Nucleoside has situated the convergence point in the discovery of novel drugs for decades, and a large number of nucleoside derivatives have been constructed for screening novel pharmacological properties at various experimental platforms. Notably, nearly 20 nucleosides are approved to be used in the clinic treatment of various cancers. Nevertheless, the blossom of synthetic nucleoside analogs in comparison with the scarcity of nucleoside anticancer drugs leads to a question: Is it still worth insisting on the screening of novel anticancer drugs from nucleoside derivatives? Hence, this review attempts to emphasize the importance of nucleoside analogs in the discovery of novel anticancer drugs. Firstly, we introduce the metabolic procedures of nucleoside anticancer drug (such as 5-fluorouracil) and summarize the designing of novel nucleoside anticancer candidates based on clinically used nucleoside anticancer drugs (such as gemcitabine). Furthermore, we collect anticancer properties of some recently synthesized nucleoside analogs, aiming at emphasizing the availability of nucleoside analogs in the discovery of anticancer drugs. Finally, a variety of synthetic strategies including the linkage of sugar moiety with nucleobase scaffold, modifications on the sugar moiety, and variations on the nucleobase structure are collected to exhibit the abundant protocols in the achievement of nucleoside analogs. Taken the above discussions collectively, nucleoside still advantages for the finding of novel anticancer drugs because of the clearly metabolic procedures, successfully clinic applications, and abundantly synthetic routines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zai-Qun Liu
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China.
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26
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Zenchenko AA, Drenichev MS, Khvatov EV, Uvarova VI, Goryashchenko AS, Frolenko VS, Karpova EV, Kozlovskaya LI, Osolodkin DI, Ishmukhametov AA, Mikhailov SN, Oslovsky VE. Elongation of N 6-benzyladenosine scaffold via Pd-catalyzed C-C bond formation leads to derivatives with antiflaviviral activity. Bioorg Med Chem 2024; 98:117552. [PMID: 38128296 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2023.117552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Decoration of nucleoside analogues with lipophilic groups often leads to compounds with improved antiviral activity. For example, N6-benzyladenosine derivatives containing elongated lipophilic substituents in the benzyl core efficiently inhibit reproduction of tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), while N6-benzyladenosine itself potently inhibits reproduction of human enterovirus A71 (EV-A71). We have extended a series of N6-benzyladenosine analogues using effective synthetic methods of CC bond formation based on Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions (Sonogashira and Suzuki) in order to study the influence of bulky lipophilic substituents in the N6 position of adenosine on the antiviral activity against flaviviruses, such as TBEV, yellow fever virus (YFV) and West Nile virus (WNV), as well as a panel of enteroviruses including EV-A71, Echovirus 30 (E30), and poliovirus type 2 (PV2). Reproduction of tested flaviviruses appeared to be inhibited by the micromolar concentrations of the compounds, while cytotoxicity in most cases was beyond the detection limit. Time-of-addition studies demonstrated that the hit compounds inhibited the stage of viral RNA synthesis, but not the stages of the viral entry or protein translation. As a result, several new promising antiflaviviral leads have been identified. On the other hand, none of the synthesized compounds inhibited enterovirus reproduction, indicating a possibility of involvement of flavivirus-specific pathways in their mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Evgeny V Khvatov
- FSASI "Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS" (Institute of Poliomyelitis), Moscow 108819, Russia
| | - Victoria I Uvarova
- FSASI "Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS" (Institute of Poliomyelitis), Moscow 108819, Russia
| | | | - Vasilisa S Frolenko
- FSASI "Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS" (Institute of Poliomyelitis), Moscow 108819, Russia; Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Evgenia V Karpova
- FSASI "Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS" (Institute of Poliomyelitis), Moscow 108819, Russia; Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Liubov I Kozlovskaya
- FSASI "Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS" (Institute of Poliomyelitis), Moscow 108819, Russia; Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Dmitry I Osolodkin
- FSASI "Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS" (Institute of Poliomyelitis), Moscow 108819, Russia; Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Aydar A Ishmukhametov
- FSASI "Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS" (Institute of Poliomyelitis), Moscow 108819, Russia; Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119991, Russia
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27
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Deshpande S, Yang Y, Zauscher S, Chilkoti A. Enzymatic Synthesis of Aptamer-Polynucleotide Nanoparticles with High Anticancer Drug Loading for Targeted Delivery. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:155-164. [PMID: 38051194 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c00888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
We report a targeted prodrug delivery platform that can deliver a cytostatic nucleobase analog with high drug loading. We chose fluorouracil (5FU), a drug used to treat various cancers, whose active metabolite 5-fluorodeoxyuridine monophosphate (5-FdUMP) is the antineoplastic agent. We use terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) to polymerize 5-fluorodeoxyuridine triphosphate (5-FdUTP) onto the 3'-end of an aptamer. We find that (i) addition of hydrophobic, unnatural nucleotides at the 3'-end of the 5-FdU polynucleotide by TdT leads to their spontaneous self-assembly into nuclease resistant micelles, (ii) aptamers presented on the micelle corona retain specificity for their cognate receptor on tumor cells, and (iii) the micelles deliver 5FU to tumor cells and exhibit greater cytotoxicity than the free drug. The modular design of our platform, consisting of a targeting moiety, a polynucleotide drug, and a self-assembly domain, can be adapted to encompass a range of polymerizable therapeutic nucleotides and targeting units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonal Deshpande
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Yunqi Yang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Stefan Zauscher
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Ashutosh Chilkoti
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
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28
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Tiwari G, Khanna A, Tyagi R, Mishra VK, Narayana C, Sagar R. Copper-catalyzed synthesis of pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine based triazole-linked glycohybrids: mechanistic insights and bio-applications. Sci Rep 2024; 14:529. [PMID: 38177184 PMCID: PMC10766964 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50202-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Hybrid molecules maintain their stronghold in the drug market, with over 60% of drug candidates in pharmaceutical industries. The substantial expenses for developing and producing biologically privileged drugs are expected to create opportunities for producing hybrid molecule-based drugs. Therefore, we have developed a simple and efficient copper-catalyzed approach for synthesizing a wide range of triazole-linked glycohybrids derived from pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines. Employing a microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed approach, we developed a concise route using various 7-O-propargylated pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines and 1-azidoglycosides. This strategy afforded a series of twenty-seven glycohybrids up to 98% yield with diverse stereochemistry. All were achieved within a remarkably shortened time frame. Our investigation extends to evaluating the anticancer potential of these synthesized triazole-linked pyrazolo[1,5-a] pyrimidine-based glycohybrids. In-vitro assays against MCF-7, MDA-MB231, and MDA-MB453 cell lines reveal intriguing findings. (2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-2-(acetoxymethyl)-6-(4-(((5-(4-chlorophenyl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-7-yl)oxy)methyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triyl triacetate emerges as a standout with better anticancer activity against MDA-MB231 cells (IC50 = 29.1 µM), while (2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-2-(acetoxymethyl)-6-(4-(((5-(4-chlorophenyl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-7-yl)oxy)methyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triyl triacetate demonstrates the best inhibitory effects against MCF-7 cells (IC50 = 15.3 µM) in all derived compounds. These results align with our docking analysis and structure-activity relationship (SAR) investigations, further validating the in-vitro outcomes. This work not only underscores the synthetic utility of our devised protocol but also highlights the promising potential of these glycohybrids as candidates for further anticancer therapeutic exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghanshyam Tiwari
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Ashish Khanna
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Rajdeep Tyagi
- Glycochemistry Laboratory, School of Physical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Vinay Kumar Mishra
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Chintam Narayana
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Ram Sagar
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India.
- Glycochemistry Laboratory, School of Physical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India.
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29
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Shirbhate E, Singh V, Kore R, Vishwakarma S, Veerasamy R, Tiwari AK, Rajak H. The Role of Cytokines in Activation of Tumour-promoting Pathways and Emergence of Cancer Drug Resistance. Curr Top Med Chem 2024; 24:523-540. [PMID: 38258788 DOI: 10.2174/0115680266284527240118041129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Scientists are constantly researching and launching potential chemotherapeutic agents as an irreplaceable weapon to fight the battle against cancer. Despite remarkable advancement over the past several decades to wipe out cancer through early diagnosis, proper prevention, and timely treatment, cancer is not ready to give up and leave the battleground. It continuously tries to find some other way to give a tough fight for its survival, either by escaping from the effect of chemotherapeutic drugs or utilising its own chemical messengers like cytokines to ensure resistance. Cytokines play a significant role in cancer cell growth and progression, and the present article highlights their substantial contribution to mechanisms of resistance toward therapeutic drugs. Multiple clinical studies have even described the importance of specific cytokines released from cancer cells as well as stromal cells in conferring resistance. Herein, we discuss the different mechanism behind drug resistance and the crosstalk between tumor development and cytokines release and their contribution to showing resistance towards chemotherapeutics. As a part of this review, different approaches to cytokines profile have been identified and employed to successfully target new evolving mechanisms of resistance and their possible treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekta Shirbhate
- Department of Pharmacy, Guru Ghasidas University, Bilaspur, 495 009, (C.G.), India
| | - Vaibhav Singh
- Department of Pharmacy, Guru Ghasidas University, Bilaspur, 495 009, (C.G.), India
| | - Rakesh Kore
- Department of Pharmacy, Guru Ghasidas University, Bilaspur, 495 009, (C.G.), India
| | - Subham Vishwakarma
- Department of Pharmacy, Guru Ghasidas University, Bilaspur, 495 009, (C.G.), India
| | - Ravichandran Veerasamy
- Faculty of Pharmacy, AIMST University, Semeling, 08100, Bedong, Kedah Darul Aman, Malaysia
| | - Amit K Tiwari
- Cancer & System Therapeutics, UAMS College of Pharmacy, UAMS - University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Harish Rajak
- Department of Pharmacy, Guru Ghasidas University, Bilaspur, 495 009, (C.G.) India
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30
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Zeng Y, Wang Z, Zeng L, Xiong H. Enhancing or Quenching of a Mitochondria-Targeted AIEgens-Floxuridine Sensor by the Regulation of pH-Dependent Self-assembly, Efficient Recognition of Hg 2+, and Stimulated Response of GSH. Anal Chem 2023; 95:18880-18888. [PMID: 38088834 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c04415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Biocompatible fluorescent probes have emerged as essential tools in life sciences for visualizing subcellular structures and detecting specific analytes. Herein, we report the synthesis and characterization of a novel fluorescent probe (TPE-FdU), incorporated with hydrophilic 2'-fluoro-substituted deoxyuridine and hydrophobic ethynyl tetraphenylethene moieties, which possessed typical aggregation-induced emission (AIE) behavior. In comparison to the TPE-FdU (pKa 7.68) treated in neutral conditions, it performed well at pH 4, exhibiting an enhanced 450 nm emission signal of approximately four times stronger. As the pH value was increased to 10, the fluorescence intensity was completely quenched. The TEM images of TPE-FdU in an acidic environment (nanospherical morphology, AIE enhance, pH = 4) and in a basic environment (microrods, fluorescence quenching, pH = 9) revealed that it was a pH-dependent self-assembled probe, which was also illustrated by the interpretation of the NMR spectrum. Furthermore, the TPE-FdU probe exhibited a specific response to trace Hg2+ ions. Interestingly, the quenched fluorescence of the TPE-FdU probe caused by Hg2+ can be recovered by the addition of GSH due to the formation of the Hg-S bond being released away. MTT assay and CLSM images demonstrated that TPE-FdU was nontoxic and selectively visualized in the intracellular mitochondria. These results contributed to the development of advanced fluorescent probes with diverse applications in cell imaging, environment protection, and biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yating Zeng
- Institute of Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
| | - Ziyan Wang
- Institute of Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
| | - Linyu Zeng
- Institute of Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
| | - Hai Xiong
- Institute of Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
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31
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Kowalski K. Synthesis and chemical transformations of glycol nucleic acid (GNA) nucleosides. Bioorg Chem 2023; 141:106921. [PMID: 37871392 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Xeno nucleic acids (XNA) are an increasingly important class of hypermodified nucleic acids with great potential in bioorganic chemistry and synthetic biology. Glycol nucleic acid (GNA) is constructed from a three-carbon 1,2-propanediol (propylene glycol) backbone attached to a nucleobase entity, representing the simplest known XNA. This review is intended to present GNA nucleosides from a synthetic chemistry perspective-a perspective that serves as a starting point for biological studies. Therefore this account focuses on synthetic methods for GNA nucleoside synthesis, as well as their postsynthetic chemical transformations. The properties and biological activity of GNA constituents are also highlighted. A literature survey shows four major approaches toward GNA nucleoside scaffold synthesis. These approaches pertain to glycidol ring-opening, Mitsunobu, SN2, and dihydroxylation reactions. The general arsenal of reactions used in GNA chemistry is versatile and encompasses the Sonogashira reaction, Michael addition, silyl-Hilbert-Johnson reaction, halogenation, alkylation, cyclization, Rh-catalyzed N-allylation, Sharpless catalytic dihydroxylation, and Yb(OTf)3-catalyzed etherification. Additionally, various phosphorylation reactions have enabled the synthesis of diverse types of GNA nucleotides, dinucleoside phosphates, phosphordiamidites, and oligos. Furthermore, recent advances in GNA chemistry have resulted in the synthesis of previously unknown redox-active (ferrocenyl) and luminescent (pyrenyl and phenanthrenyl) GNA nucleosides, which are also covered in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konrad Kowalski
- University of Lodz, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Organic Chemistry, Tamka 12, PL-91403 Lodz, Poland.
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Jiang L, Pan T, Lv Q, Yuan W, Liu X, Qu X, Luo D, Wan S, Cui S. Novel ProTide prodrugs of 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine for the treatment of liver cancer. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 260:115763. [PMID: 37659196 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
ProTide prodrug technology has emerged as a promising way for the development of anti-viral and anti-tumor drugs, whereas, there are fewer applications for the treatment of liver cancer. Herein, a series of distinct 3'-ester ProTide prodrugs of 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine (FdUR) were synthesized and evaluated for their anti-liver cancer activity. The most efficient prodrug 11b reached a sub-micromolar activity (IC50 = 0.42 ± 0.13 μM) against HepG2 and over 100-fold and 200-fold improvements compared to 5-FU, respectively. 11b also demonstrated favorable selectivity towards normal liver cells L-02 (IC50 > 100 μM). In vitro metabolic stability studies revealed that 11b is stable in the plasma and could be activated rapidly in the liver, which supported that 11b is liver-targeted. Importantly, to more accurately evaluate the anti-HCC activity of 11b, the liver orthotopic model was built and 11b significantly suppressed tumor growth (TGI = 75.5%) at a dose of 60 mg/kg/2d in vivo without obvious toxicity. Overall, these promising results indicated that 11b could serve as a safe and effective prodrug of 5-FU nucleoside for liver cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Ting Pan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Qin Lv
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Wenmin Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Xiaochun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Xianjun Qu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Dongdong Luo
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266071, China.
| | - Shengbiao Wan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266071, China.
| | - Shuxiang Cui
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
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33
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Mostafa GAE, El-Tohamy MF, Ali EA, Al-Salahi R, Attwa MW, AlRabiah H. Ionophore-Based Polymeric Sensors for Potentiometric Assay of the Anticancer Drug Gemcitabine in Pharmaceutical Formulation: A Comparative Study. Molecules 2023; 28:7552. [PMID: 38005274 PMCID: PMC10673180 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28227552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Gemcitabine is a chemotherapeutic agent used to treat various malignancies, including breast and bladder cancer. In the current study, three innovative selective gemcitabine hydrochloride sensors are developed using 4-tert-butylcalix-[8]-arene (sensor 1), β-cyclodextrin (sensor 2), and γ-cyclodextrin (sensor 3) as ionophores. The three sensors were prepared by incorporating the ionophores with o-nitrophenyl octyl ether as plasticizer and potassium tetrakis(4-chlorophenyl) borate as ionic additive into a polyvinyl chloride polymer matrix. These sensors are considered environmentally friendly systems in the analytical research. The linear responses of gemcitabine hydrochloride were in the concentration range of 6.0 × 10-6 to 1.0 × 10-2 mol L-1 and 9.0 × 10-6 to 1.0 × 10-2 mol L-1 and 8.0 × 10-6 to 1.0 × 10-2 mol L-1 for sensors 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Over the pH range of 6-9, fast-Nernst slopes of 52 ± 0.6, 56 ± 0.3, and 55 ± 0.8 mV/decade were found in the same order with correlation regressions of 0.998, 0.999, and 0.998, respectively. The lower limits of detection for the prepared sensors were 2.5 × 10-6, 2.2 × 10-6, and 2.7 × 10-6 mol L-1. The sensors showed high selectivity and sensitivity for gemcitabine. Validation of the sensors was carried out in accordance with the requirements established by the IUPAC, while being inexpensive and easy to use in drug formulation. A statistical analysis of the methods in comparison with the official method showed that there was no significant difference in accuracy or precision between them. It was shown that the new sensors could selectively and accurately find gemcitabine hydrochloride in bulk powder, pharmaceutical formulations, and quality control tests. The ionophore-based sensor shows several advantages over conventional PVC membrane sensor sensors regrading the lower limit of detection, and higher selectivity towards the target ion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamal A. E. Mostafa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia (R.A.-S.); (M.W.A.)
| | - Maha F. El-Tohamy
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Essam A. Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia (R.A.-S.); (M.W.A.)
| | - Rashad Al-Salahi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia (R.A.-S.); (M.W.A.)
| | - Mohamed W. Attwa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia (R.A.-S.); (M.W.A.)
| | - Haitham AlRabiah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia (R.A.-S.); (M.W.A.)
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Uddin MJ, Overkleeft HS, Lentz CS. Activity-Based Protein Profiling in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Reveals the Broad Reactivity of a Carmofur-Derived Probe. Chembiochem 2023; 24:e202300473. [PMID: 37552008 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202300473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Activity-based protein profiling is a powerful chemoproteomic technique to detect active enzymes and identify targets and off-targets of drugs. Here, we report the use of carmofur- and activity-based probes to identify biologically relevant enzymes in the bacterial pathogen Staphylococcus aureus. Carmofur is an anti-neoplastic prodrug of 5-fluorouracil and also has antimicrobial and anti-biofilm activity. Carmofur probes were originally designed to target human acid ceramidase, a member of the NTN hydrolase family with an active-site cysteine nucleophile. Here, we first profiled the targets of a fluorescent carmofur probe in live S. aureus under biofilm-promoting conditions and in liquid culture, before proceeding to target identification by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. Treatment with a carmofur-biotin probe led to enrichment of 20 enzymes from diverse families awaiting further characterization, including the NTN hydrolase-related IMP cyclohydrolase PurH. However, the probe preferentially labeled serine hydrolases, thus displaying a reactivity profile similar to that of carbamates. Our results suggest that the electrophilic N-carbamoyl-5-fluorouracil scaffold could potentially be optimized to achieve selectivity towards diverse enzyme families. The observed promiscuous reactivity profile suggests that the clinical use of carmofur presumably leads to inactivation of a number human and microbial enzymes, which could lead to side effects and/or contribute to therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Jalal Uddin
- Department of Medical Biology, UiT- The Arctic University of Norway, 9019, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Hermen S Overkleeft
- Department of Bioorganic Synthesis, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Christian S Lentz
- Department of Medical Biology, UiT- The Arctic University of Norway, 9019, Tromsø, Norway
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35
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Dillenburg M, Smith J, Wagner CR. The Many Faces of Histidine Triad Nucleotide Binding Protein 1 (HINT1). ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2023; 6:1310-1322. [PMID: 37854629 PMCID: PMC10580397 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.3c00079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
The histidine triad nucleotide binding protein 1 (HINT1) is a nucleoside phosphoramidase that has garnered interest due to its widespread expression and participation in a broad range of biological processes. Herein, we discuss the role of HINT1 as a regulator of several CNS functions, tumor suppressor, and mast cell activator via its interactions with multiple G-protein-coupled receptors and transcription factors. Importantly, altered HINT1 expression and mutation are connected to the progression of multiple disease states, including several neuropsychiatric disorders, peripheral neuropathy, and tumorigenesis. Additionally, due to its involvement in the activation of several clinically used phosphoramidate prodrugs, tremendous efforts have been made to better understand the interactions behind nucleoside binding and phosphoramidate hydrolysis by HINT1. We detail the substrate specificity and catalytic mechanism of HINT1 hydrolysis, while highlighting the structural biology behind these efforts. The aim of this review is to summarize the multitude of biological and pharmacological functions in which HINT1 participates while addressing the areas of need for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxwell Dillenburg
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Jacob Smith
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Carston R Wagner
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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36
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Maria C, Rauter AP. Nucleoside analogues: N-glycosylation methodologies, synthesis of antiviral and antitumor drugs and potential against drug-resistant bacteria and Alzheimer's disease. Carbohydr Res 2023; 532:108889. [PMID: 37517197 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2023.108889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Nucleosides have gained significant attention since the discovery of the structure of DNA. Nucleoside analogues may be synthesized through multiple synthetic pathways, however the N-glycosylation of a nucleobase is the most common method. Amongst the different classical N-glycosylation methodologies, the Vorbrüggen glycosylation is the most popular method. This review focuses on the synthesis and therapeutic applications of several FDA approved nucleoside analogues as antiviral and anticancer agents. Moreover, this review also focuses on the potential of these compounds as new antibacterial and anti-Alzheimer's disease agents, offering an overview of the most recent research in these fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Maria
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Amélia P Rauter
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal.
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37
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Kuang S, Liu S, Wang S, Yang L, Zeng Y, Ming X. Folate-receptor-targeted co-self-assembly carrier-free gemcitabine nanoparticles loading indocyanine green for chemo-photothermal therapy. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1266652. [PMID: 37811371 PMCID: PMC10557076 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1266652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The carrier-free chemo-photothermal therapy has become a promising strategy to improve anti-cancer therapeutic efficacy owing to the combination of chemotherapy and photothermal therapy, with improved chemotherapy drug pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics, high drug loading, and reduced toxicity. We designed a novel carrier-free targeting nanoparticles, co-self-assembled amphiphilic prodrugs 3',5'-dioleoyl gemcitabine (DOG), and tumor-targeted γ-octadecyl folate (MOFA), with encapsulated US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved photosensitizer indocyanine green (ICG) for synergistic chemo-photothermal therapy. The DOG linking oleic acid to the sugar moiety of gemcitabine (GEM) showed better self-assembly ability among GEM amphiphilic prodrugs linking different fatty acids. The readily available and highly reproducible 3',5'-dioleoyl gemcitabine/γ-octadecyl folate/indocyanine green (DOG/MOFA/ICG) nanoparticles were prepared by reprecipitation and showed nano-scale structure with mono-dispersity, great encapsulation efficiency of ICG (approximately 74%), acid- and laser irradiation-triggered GEM release in vitro and sustained GEM release in vivo after intravenous administration as well as excellent temperature conversion (57.0°C) with near-infrared laser irradiation. The combinational DOG/MOFA/ICG nanoparticles with near-infrared laser irradiation showed better anti-tumor efficacy than individual chemotherapy or photothermal therapy, with very low hemolysis and inappreciable toxicity for L929 cells. This co-self-assembly of the ICG and the chemotherapy drug (GEM) provides a novel tactic for the rational design of multifunctional nanosystems for targeting drug delivery and theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yingchun Zeng
- Study on the Structure-Specific Small Molecular Drug in Sichuan Province College Key Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xin Ming
- Study on the Structure-Specific Small Molecular Drug in Sichuan Province College Key Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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38
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Xu L, Li HM, Lin J. Efficient synthesis of 2'-deoxyguanosine in one-pot cascade by employing an engineered purine nucleoside phosphorylase from Brevibacterium acetylicum. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 39:286. [PMID: 37606812 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03721-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
2'-deoxyguanosine is a key medicinal intermediate that could be used to synthesize anti-cancer drug and biomarker in type 2 diabetes. In this study, an enzymatic cascade using thymidine phosphorylase from Escherichia coli (EcTP) and purine nucleoside phosphorylase from Brevibacterium acetylicum (BaPNP) in a one-pot whole cell catalysis was proposed for the efficient synthesis of 2'-deoxyguanosine. BaPNP was semi-rationally designed to improve its activity, yielding the best triple variant BaPNP-Mu3 (E57A/T189S/L243I), with a 5.6-fold higher production of 2'-deoxyguanosine than that of wild-type BaPNP (BaPNP-Mu0). Molecular dynamics simulation revealed that the engineering of BaPNP-Mu3 resulted in a larger and more flexible substrate entrance channel, which might contribute to its catalytic efficiency. Furthermore, by coordinating the expression of BaPNP-Mu3 and EcTP, a robust whole cell catalyst W05 was created, capable of producing 14.8 mM 2'-deoxyguanosine (74.0% conversion rate) with a high time-space yield (1.32 g/L/h) and therefore being very competitive for industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Xu
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, Fujian, China.
| | - Hui-Min Li
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, Fujian, China
| | - Juan Lin
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, Fujian, China.
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39
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Dai K, Gong C, Xu Y, Ding F, Qi X, Tu X, Yu L, Liu X, Li J, Fan C, Yan H, Yao G. Single-Stranded RNA Origami-Based Epigenetic Immunomodulation. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:7188-7196. [PMID: 37499095 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c02185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
The integration of functional modules at the molecular level into RNA nanostructures holds great potential for expanding their applications. However, the quantitative integration of nucleoside analogue molecules into RNA nanostructures and their impact on the structure and function of RNA nanostructures remain largely unexplored. Here, we report a transcription-based approach to controllably integrate multiple nucleoside analogues into a 2000 nucleotide (nt) single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) origami nanostructure. The resulting integrated ssRNA origami preserves the morphology and biostability of the original ssRNA origami. Moreover, the integration of nucleoside analogues introduced new biomedical functions to ssRNA origamis, including innate immune recognition and regulation after the precise integration of epigenetic nucleoside analogues and synergistic effects on tumor cell killing after integration of therapeutic nucleoside analogues. This study provides a promising approach for the quantitative integration of functional nucleoside analogues into RNA nanostructures at the molecular level, thereby offering valuable insights for the development of multifunctional ssRNA origamis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Dai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study and National Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Chen Gong
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yang Xu
- School of Molecular Sciences and Biodesign Center for Molecular Design and Biomimetics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Fei Ding
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acids Chemistry and Nanomedicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Xiaodong Qi
- School of Molecular Sciences and Biodesign Center for Molecular Design and Biomimetics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Xinyi Tu
- School of Molecular Sciences and Biodesign Center for Molecular Design and Biomimetics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Lu Yu
- School of Molecular Sciences and Biodesign Center for Molecular Design and Biomimetics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Xiaoguo Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study and National Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jiang Li
- Institute of Materiobiology, Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Chunhai Fan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study and National Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Hao Yan
- School of Molecular Sciences and Biodesign Center for Molecular Design and Biomimetics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Guangbao Yao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study and National Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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40
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Hatano A, Matsuzaka R, Shimane G, Wakana H, Suzuki K, Nishioka C, Kojima A, Kidowaki M. Introduction of pseudo-base benzimidazole derivatives into nucleosides via base exchange by a nucleoside metabolic enzyme. Bioorg Med Chem 2023; 91:117411. [PMID: 37451053 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2023.117411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
In alternate organic synthesis, biocatalysis using enzymes provides a more stereoselective and cost-effective approach. Synthesis of unnatural nucleosides by nucleoside base exchange reactions using nucleoside-metabolizing enzymes has previously shown that the 5-position recognition of pyrimidine bases on nucleoside substrates is loose and can be used to introduce functional molecules into pyrimidine nucleosides. Here we explored the incorporation of purine pseudo bases into nucleosides by the base exchange reaction of pyrimidine nucleoside phosphorylase (PyNP), demonstrating that an imidazole five-membered ring is an essential structure for the reaction. In the case of benzimidazole, the base exchange proceeded to give the deoxyribose form in 96 % yield, and the ribose form in 23 % yield. The reaction also proceeded with 1H-imidazo[4,5-b]phenazine, a benzimidazole analogue with an additional ring, although the yield of nucleoside was only 31 %. Docking simulations between 1H and imidazo[4,5-b]phenazine nucleoside and the active site of PyNP (PDB 1BRW) supported our observation that 1H-imidazo[4,5-b]phenazine can be used as a substrate by PyNP. Thus, the enzymatic substitution reaction using PyNP can be used to incorporate many purine pseudo bases and benzimidazole derivatives with various functional groups into nucleoside structures, which have potential utility as diagnostic or therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiko Hatano
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 307 Fukasaku, Minuma-ku, Saitama 337-8570, Japan.
| | - Riki Matsuzaka
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 307 Fukasaku, Minuma-ku, Saitama 337-8570, Japan
| | - Genki Shimane
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 307 Fukasaku, Minuma-ku, Saitama 337-8570, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Wakana
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 307 Fukasaku, Minuma-ku, Saitama 337-8570, Japan
| | - Kou Suzuki
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 307 Fukasaku, Minuma-ku, Saitama 337-8570, Japan
| | - Chisato Nishioka
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 307 Fukasaku, Minuma-ku, Saitama 337-8570, Japan
| | - Aoi Kojima
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 307 Fukasaku, Minuma-ku, Saitama 337-8570, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Kidowaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 3-7-5, Toyosu, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-8548, Japan
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Pang GZ, Zhao YH, Wang YX, Rong SQ, Gao H, Zhou D. Mycoplasma infection of cancer cells enhances anti-tumor effect of oxidized methylcytidines. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 672:193-200. [PMID: 37356286 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.06.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Oxidized methylcytidines 5-hydroxymethyl-2'deoxycytidine (5hmdC) and 5-formy-2'deoxycytidine (5fdC) are deaminated by cytidine deaminase (CDA) into genome-toxic variants of uridine, triggering DNA damage and cell death. These compounds are promising chemotherapeutic agents for cancer cells that are resistant to pyrimidine derivative drugs, such as decitabine and cytarabine, which are inactivated by CDA. In our study, we found that cancer cells infected with mycoplasma exhibited a markedly increased sensitivity to 5hmdC and 5fdC, which was independent of CDA expression of cancer cells. In vitro biochemical assay showed that the homologous CDA protein from mycoplasma was capable of deaminating 5hmdC and 5fdC into their uridine form. Moreover, mycoplasma infection increased the sensitivity of cancer cells to 5hmdC and 5fdC, whereas administration of Tetrahydrouridine (THU) attenuated this effect, suggesting that mycoplasma CDA confers a similar effect as human CDA. As mycoplasma infection occurs in many primary tumors, our findings suggest that intratumoral microbes could enhance the tumor-killing effect and expand the utility of oxidized methylcytidines in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Zheng Pang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Medical College of Fudan University, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (RU069), Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ya-Hui Zhao
- Center for Novel Target and Therapeutic Intervention, Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yuan-Xian Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Medical College of Fudan University, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (RU069), Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Shao-Qin Rong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Medical College of Fudan University, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (RU069), Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Hai Gao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Medical College of Fudan University, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (RU069), Shanghai, 200032, China; Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital, Zhongshan-Xuhui Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China.
| | - Dan Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Medical College of Fudan University, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (RU069), Shanghai, 200032, China; Center for Medical Research and Innovation, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201399, China.
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Zhao H, Brånalt J, Perry M, Tyrchan C. The Role of Allylic Strain for Conformational Control in Medicinal Chemistry. J Med Chem 2023. [PMID: 37285219 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
It is axiomatic in medicinal chemistry that optimization of the potency of a small molecule at a macromolecular target requires complementarity between the ligand and target. In order to minimize the conformational penalty on binding, both enthalpically and entropically, it is therefore preferred to have the ligand preorganized in the bound conformation. In this Perspective, we highlight the role of allylic strain in controlling conformational preferences. Allylic strain was originally described for carbon-based allylic systems, but the same principles apply to other types of structure with sp2 or pseudo-sp2 arrangements. These systems include benzylic (including heteroaryl methyl) positions, amides, N-aryl groups, aryl ethers, and nucleotides. We have derived torsion profiles from small molecule X-ray structures for these systems. Through multiple examples, we show how these effects have been applied in drug discovery and how they can be used prospectively to influence conformation in the design process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongtao Zhao
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Respiratory and Immunology (R&I), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg 43183, Sweden
| | - Jonas Brånalt
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg 43183, Sweden
| | - Matthew Perry
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Respiratory and Immunology (R&I), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg 43183, Sweden
| | - Christian Tyrchan
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Respiratory and Immunology (R&I), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg 43183, Sweden
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43
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Flickinger KM, Wilson KM, Rossiter NJ, Hunger AL, Lee TD, Hall MD, Cantor JR. Conditional lethality profiling reveals anticancer mechanisms of action and drug-nutrient interactions. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.04.543621. [PMID: 37333068 PMCID: PMC10274668 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.04.543621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Chemical screening studies have identified drug sensitivities across hundreds of cancer cell lines but most putative therapeutics fail to translate. Discovery and development of drug candidates in models that more accurately reflect nutrient availability in human biofluids may help in addressing this major challenge. Here we performed high-throughput screens in conventional versus Human Plasma-Like Medium (HPLM). Sets of conditional anticancer compounds span phases of clinical development and include non-oncology drugs. Among these, we characterize a unique dual-mechanism of action for brivudine, an agent otherwise approved for antiviral treatment. Using an integrative approach, we find that brivudine affects two independent targets in folate metabolism. We also traced conditional phenotypes for several drugs to the availability of nucleotide salvage pathway substrates and verified others for compounds that seemingly elicit off-target anticancer effects. Our findings establish generalizable strategies for exploiting conditional lethality in HPLM to reveal therapeutic candidates and mechanisms of action.
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44
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Dasari M, Pelly SC, Geng J, Gold HB, Pribut N, Sharma SK, D’Erasmo MP, Bartsch PW, Sun C, Toti K, Arnold RS, Petros JA, Xu L, Jiang Y, Miller EJ, Liotta DC. Discovery of 5'-Substituted 5-Fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine Monophosphate Analogs: A Novel Class of Thymidylate Synthase Inhibitors. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2023; 6:702-709. [PMID: 37200809 PMCID: PMC10186355 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.2c00252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
5-Fluorouracil and 5-fluorouracil-based prodrugs have been used clinically for decades to treat cancer. Their anticancer effects are most prominently ascribed to inhibition of thymidylate synthase (TS) by metabolite 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine 5'-monophosphate (FdUMP). However, 5-fluorouracil and FdUMP are subject to numerous unfavorable metabolic events that can drive undesired systemic toxicity. Our previous research on antiviral nucleotides suggested that substitution at the nucleoside 5'-carbon imposes conformational restrictions on the corresponding nucleoside monophosphates, rendering them poor substrates for productive intracellular conversion to viral polymerase-inhibiting triphosphate metabolites. Accordingly, we hypothesized that 5'-substituted analogs of FdUMP, which is uniquely active at the monophosphate stage, would inhibit TS while preventing undesirable metabolism. Free energy perturbation-derived relative binding energy calculations suggested that 5'(R)-CH3 and 5'(S)-CF3 FdUMP analogs would maintain TS potency. Herein, we report our computational design strategy, synthesis of 5'-substituted FdUMP analogs, and pharmacological assessment of TS inhibitory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhuri Dasari
- Department
of Chemistry, Emory University College of
Arts and Sciences, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Stephen C. Pelly
- Department
of Chemistry, Emory University College of
Arts and Sciences, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Jiafeng Geng
- Department
of Chemistry, Emory University College of
Arts and Sciences, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Hannah B. Gold
- Department
of Chemistry, Emory University College of
Arts and Sciences, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Nicole Pribut
- Department
of Chemistry, Emory University College of
Arts and Sciences, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Savita K. Sharma
- Department
of Chemistry, Emory University College of
Arts and Sciences, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Michael P. D’Erasmo
- Department
of Chemistry, Emory University College of
Arts and Sciences, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Perry W. Bartsch
- Department
of Chemistry, Emory University College of
Arts and Sciences, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Carrie Sun
- Department
of Urology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Kiran Toti
- Department
of Chemistry, Emory University College of
Arts and Sciences, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Rebecca S. Arnold
- Department
of Urology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
- Winship
Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - John A. Petros
- Department
of Urology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
- Winship
Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Lingjie Xu
- Junrui
Biotechnology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, China
| | - Yi Jiang
- Junrui
Biotechnology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, China
| | - Eric J. Miller
- Winship
Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
- Department
of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory
University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Dennis C. Liotta
- Department
of Chemistry, Emory University College of
Arts and Sciences, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
- Winship
Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
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45
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Xu Y, Groaz E, Rihon J, Herdewijn P, Lescrinier E. Synthesis, antiviral activity, and computational study of β-d-xylofuranosyl nucleoside phosphonates. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 255:115379. [PMID: 37120998 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations provided insights into the favorable interactions between xylose nucleosides bearing a phosphonate moiety at their 3'-position and specific residues at the active site of the archetypal RNA-dependent RNA-polymerase (RdRp) of Enterovirus 71. Therefore, a series of xylosyl nucleoside phosphonates with adenine, uracil, cytosine, guanosine, and hypoxanthine as nucleobases were synthesized through multistep sequences starting from a single common precursor. Following antiviral activity evaluation, the adenine containing analogue was found to possess good antiviral activity against RNA viruses displaying an EC50 of 12 and 16 μM against measles virus (MeV) and enterovirus-68 (EV-68), respectively, whereas lacking cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Xu
- Medicinal Chemistry, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Elisabetta Groaz
- Medicinal Chemistry, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 5, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Jérôme Rihon
- Medicinal Chemistry, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Piet Herdewijn
- Medicinal Chemistry, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Eveline Lescrinier
- Medicinal Chemistry, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
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46
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Singla H, Kumar S, Maity J, Prasad AK. Chemoenzymatic synthesis of bridged homolyxofuranosyl pyrimidine nucleosides: Bicyclic AZT analogues. Carbohydr Res 2023; 527:108813. [PMID: 37062106 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2023.108813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
A greener chemo-enzymatic methodology has been developed for the synthesis of conformationally restricted diastereomeric homolyxofuranosyl pyrimidines (AZT analogue), i.e., (5'R)-3'-azido-3'-deoxy-2'-O,5'-C-bridged-β-d-homolyxofuranosyl-uracil and thymine starting from inexpensive diacetone-d-glucofuranose in 18% and 21% overall yields, respectively. In one of the key steps in multistep synthesis of bicyclic AZT analogues, the primary hydroxyl group of 3'-azido-3'-deoxy-β-d-glucofuranosyl pyrimidines has been acetylated using Novozyme® 435 in THF in 92% and 97% yields, respectively. The monoacetylated nucleoside was converted to desired bicyclic AZT analogue in two steps in an overall yield of 82% and 83%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harbansh Singla
- Bioorganic Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110 007, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Bioorganic Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110 007, India
| | - Jyotirmoy Maity
- Department of Chemistry, St. Stephen's College, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110 007, India
| | - Ashok K Prasad
- Bioorganic Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110 007, India.
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47
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Wang Z, Wu B, Nie G, Wei J, Li Y. Regulation of metabolism in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma via nanotechnology-enabled strategies. Cancer Lett 2023; 560:216138. [PMID: 36934836 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly fatal malignancy with insidious onset and early distal metastasis. Metabolic reprogramming, the autonomous changes in cellular bioenergetics driven by aberrant genetic events and crosstalk between cancer and non-cancer cells in the desmoplastic microenvironment, is pivotal for the rapid progression of PDAC. As an attractive therapeutic target, nucleoside metabolism is regulated by various anti-metabolic drugs for the clinical treatment of PDAC. Despite various challenges, such as poor drug delivery efficiency and off-target side effects, metabolic modification and intervention are emerging as promising strategies for PDAC therapy, enabled by the rapid development of nanotechnology-based drug delivery strategies. In this review, we discuss the metabolic characteristics of PDAC and highlight how the development of nanomedicine has boosted the development of new therapeutics for PDAC by modulating critical targets in metabolic reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqin Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, PR China; Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China; CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, PR China
| | - Bowen Wu
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China; CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, PR China; School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China
| | - Guangjun Nie
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China; CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, PR China; GBA National Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Guangzhou, 510530, PR China
| | - Jingyan Wei
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, PR China.
| | - Yiye Li
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China; CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, PR China.
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48
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Walczak D, Sikorski A, Grzywacz D, Nowacki A, Liberek B. Identification of the furanose ring conformations and the factors driving their adoption. Carbohydr Res 2023; 526:108780. [PMID: 36944302 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2023.108780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Three groups of furanoses with restricted freedom of rotation on the C3-C4, C2-C3, and C1-C2 bonds, respectively, are presented. Conformational analysis of these furanoses is conducted based on the proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy, density functional theory (DFT) calculations, and X-ray analysis. It is shown that the particular group of the presented furanoses is locked in the specific conformation. These are the 1T2-like, the 0E-like, and the 3T4-like conformation, respectively. Characteristic 1H NMR spectra of these three conformations are presented and the factors influencing the conformational preferences of the analyzed furanoses are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Walczak
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Artur Sikorski
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Daria Grzywacz
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Andrzej Nowacki
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Beata Liberek
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland.
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49
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An YJ, Choi SM, Choi ER, Nam YE, Seo EW, Ahn SB, Jang Y, Kim M, Cho JH. Synthesis and biological evaluation of new β-D-N 4-hydroxycytidine analogs against SARS-CoV-2, influenza viruses and DENV-2. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2023; 83:129174. [PMID: 36764470 PMCID: PMC9905048 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2023.129174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Drug repurposing approach was applied to find a potent antiviral agent against RNA viruses such as SARS-CoV-2, influenza viruses and dengue virus with a concise strategy of small change in parent molecular structure. For this purpose, β-D-N4-hydroxycytidine (NHC, 1) with a broad spectrum of antiviral activity was chosen as the parent molecule. Among the prepared NHC analogs (8a-g, and 9) from uridine, β-D-N4-O-isobutyrylcytidine (8a) showed potent activity against SARS-CoV-2 (EC50 3.50 μM), Flu A (H1N1) (EC50 5.80 μM), Flu A (H3N2) (EC50 7.30 μM), Flu B (EC50 3.40 μM) and DENV-2 (EC50 3.95 μM) in vitro. Furthermore, its potency against SARS-CoV-2 was >5-fold, 3.4-fold, and 3-fold compared to that of NHC (1), MK-4482 (2), and remdesivir (RDV) in vitro, respectively. Ultimately, compound 8a was expected to be a potent inhibitor toward RNA viruses as a viral mutagenic agent like MK-4482.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon Jin An
- Department of Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, South Korea
| | - Se Myeong Choi
- Department of Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, South Korea
| | - Eun Rang Choi
- Department of Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, South Korea
| | - Ye Eun Nam
- Department of Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, South Korea
| | - Eun Woo Seo
- Department of Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, South Korea
| | - Soo Bin Ahn
- Infectious Diseases Therapeutic Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon 34114, South Korea; Graduate School of New Drug Discovery and Development, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, South Korea
| | - Yejin Jang
- Infectious Diseases Therapeutic Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon 34114, South Korea
| | - Meehyein Kim
- Infectious Diseases Therapeutic Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon 34114, South Korea; Graduate School of New Drug Discovery and Development, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, South Korea.
| | - Jong Hyun Cho
- Department of Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, South Korea; Department of Translational Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan 49201, South Korea.
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50
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Skiba J, Kowalczyk A, Gorski A, Dutkiewicz N, Gapińska M, Stróżek J, Woźniak K, Trzybiński D, Kowalski K. Replacement of the phosphodiester backbone between canonical nucleosides with a dirhenium carbonyl "click" linker-a new class of luminescent organometallic dinucleoside phosphate mimics. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:1551-1567. [PMID: 36655722 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt03995h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The first-in-class luminescent dinucleoside phosphate analogs with a [Re2(μ-Cl)2(CO)6(μ-pyridazine)] "click" linker as a replacement for the natural phosphate group are reported together with the synthesis of luminescent adenosine and thymidine derivatives having the [Re2(μ-Cl)2(CO)6(μ-pyridazine)] entity attached to positions 5' and 3', respectively. These compounds were synthesized by applying inverse-electron-demand Diels-Alder and copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions in three or four steps. The obtained compounds exhibited orange emission (λPL ≈ 600 nm, ΦPL ≈ 0.10, and τ = 0.33-0.61 μs) and no toxicity (except for one nucleoside) to human HeLa cervical epithelioid and Ishikawa endometrial adenocarcinoma cancer cells in vitro. Furthermore, the compounds' ability to inhibit the growth of Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative Escherichia coli bacterial strains was moderate and only observed at a high concentration of 100 μM. Confocal microscopy imaging revealed that the "dirhenium carbonyl" dinucleosides and nucleosides localized mainly in the membranous structures of HeLa cells and uniformly inside S. aureus and E. coli bacterial cells. An interesting finding was that some of the tested compounds were also found in the nuclei of HeLa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Skiba
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Łódź, Tamka 12, 91-403 Łódź, Poland.
| | - Aleksandra Kowalczyk
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Łódź, Poland
| | - Aleksander Gorski
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Natalia Dutkiewicz
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Gapińska
- Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Laboratory of Microscopic Imaging and Specialized Biological Techniques, University of Łódź, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Łódź, Poland
| | - Józef Stróżek
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Łódź, Tamka 12, 91-403 Łódź, Poland.
| | - Krzysztof Woźniak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Damian Trzybiński
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Konrad Kowalski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Łódź, Tamka 12, 91-403 Łódź, Poland.
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