1
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Yu K, Ward TR. C-H functionalization reactions catalyzed by artificial metalloenzymes. J Inorg Biochem 2024; 258:112621. [PMID: 38852295 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2024.112621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
CH functionalization, a promising frontier in modern organic chemistry, facilitates the direct conversion of inert CH bonds into many valuable functional groups. Despite its merits, traditional homogeneous catalysis, often faces challenges in efficiency, selectivity, and sustainability towards this transformation. In this context, artificial metalloenzymes (ArMs), resulting from the incorporation of a catalytically-competent metal cofactor within an evolvable protein scaffold, bridges the gap between the efficiency of enzymatic transformations and the versatility of transition metal catalysis. Accordingly, ArMs have emerged as attractive tools for various challenging catalytic transformations. Additionally, the coming of age of directed evolution has unlocked unprecedented avenues for optimizing enzymatic catalysis. Taking advantage of their genetically-encoded protein scaffold, ArMs have been evolved to catalyze various CH functionalization reactions. This review delves into the recent developments of ArM-catalyzed CH functionalization reactions, highlighting the benefits of engineering the second coordination sphere around a metal cofactor within a host protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 22, Basel CH-4058, Switzerland
| | - Thomas R Ward
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 22, Basel CH-4058, Switzerland.
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2
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Zhang SL, Wu ZB, Zhao CX, Bai YX, Sun W, Sun M. Ag-Catalyzed Selective C-C Bond Activation of Cyclopropenones to Access α-Alkylidene Lactones. Org Lett 2024; 26:6120-6124. [PMID: 38989859 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
A novel Ag-catalyzed ring opening of unsymmetric cyclopropenones for the stereoselective synthesis of a diverse range of α-alkylidene lactones has been developed. In this protocol, two different C-C(O) bonds were distinguished, demonstrating selective C-C bond activation. This reaction features a wide substrate scope, good functional group compatibility, and high atom economy, providing a versatile and general approach to the construction of α-alkylidene lactones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Lin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
| | - Zhao-Bing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
| | - Chun-Xin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
| | - Yu-Xin Bai
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
| | - Meng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
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3
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Wu H, Fujii T, Wang Q, Zhu J. Quaternary Carbon Editing Enabled by Sequential Palladium Migration. J Am Chem Soc 2024. [PMID: 39052260 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c07706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Peripheral functionalization of a quaternary carbon via C(sp3)-H bond activation has made significant progress in recent years. However, direct editing of a quaternary carbon through Csp3-Csp3 bond cleavage and refunctionalization of nonstrained acyclic molecules remain underexploited. Herein we report a reaction in which a methyl group attached to a quaternary carbon is shifted to its neighboring secondary carbon with concurrent oxidation of the quaternary C-C single bond to the C═C double bond. Specifically, morpholinyl amide of 2,2-dimethyl alkanoic acids is converted to 2-methylene-3-methyl alkanoic acid derivatives in the presence of a catalytic amount of palladium acetate, Selectfluor and sodium carbonate. Control experiments suggest that the reaction proceeds via a sequence of selective C(sp3)-H activation of the methyl group, oxidation of the resulting C(sp3)-PdII to PdIV intermediate followed by unprecedented 1,3-PdIV migration, 1,2-methyl/PdIV dyotropic rearrangement and finally, β-Hydride elimination. In this domino process, palladium migrates successively from the primary to the secondary and finally to the quaternary carbon, leading to the concurrent functionalization of a primary, a secondary, and a quaternary carbon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Wu
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Natural Products (LSPN), Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL-SB-ISIC-LSPN, BCH5304, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Takuji Fujii
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Natural Products (LSPN), Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL-SB-ISIC-LSPN, BCH5304, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Qian Wang
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Natural Products (LSPN), Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL-SB-ISIC-LSPN, BCH5304, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jieping Zhu
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Natural Products (LSPN), Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL-SB-ISIC-LSPN, BCH5304, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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4
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Zhang Z, Li Q, Cheng Z, Jiao N, Zhang C. Selective nitrogen insertion into aryl alkanes. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6016. [PMID: 39019881 PMCID: PMC11255249 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50383-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Molecular structure-editing through nitrogen insertion offers more efficient and ingenious pathways for the synthesis of nitrogen-containing compounds, which could benefit the development of synthetic chemistry, pharmaceutical research, and materials science. Substituted amines, especially nitrogen-containing alkyl heterocyclic compounds, are widely found in nature products and drugs. Generally, accessing these compounds requires multiple steps, which could result in low efficiency. In this work, a molecular editing strategy is used to realize the synthesis of nitrogen-containing compounds using aryl alkanes as starting materials. Using derivatives of O-tosylhydroxylamine as the nitrogen source, this method enables precise nitrogen insertion into the Csp2-Csp3 bond of aryl alkanes. Notably, further synthetic applications demonstrate that this method could be used to prepare bioactive molecules with good efficiency and modify the molecular skeleton of drugs. Furthermore, a plausible reaction mechanism involving the transformation of carbocation and imine intermediates has been proposed based on the results of control experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zengrui Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Chemical Biology Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Chemical Biology Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Chun Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.
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5
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Zhang Y, Zhu T, Lin Y, Wei X, Xie X, Lin R, Zhang Z, Fang W, Zhang JJ, Zhang Y, Hu MY, Cai L, Chen Z. Organo-photoredox catalyzed gem-difluoroallylation of ketone-derived dihydroquinazolinones via C(sp 3)-C bond and C(sp 3)-F bond cleavage. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:5561-5568. [PMID: 38916128 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00671b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
An organo-photoredox catalyzed gem-difluoroallylation of both acyclic and cyclic ketone derivatives with α-trifluoromethyl alkenes has been demonstrated, thus giving access to a diverse set of gem-difluoroalkenes in moderate to high yields. Pro-aromatic dihydroquinazolinones can be either pre-formed or in situ generated for ketone activation. This reaction is characterized by readily available starting materials, mild reaction conditions, and broad substrate scope. The feasibility of this reaction has been highlighted by the late-stage modification of several natural products and drug-like molecules as well as the in vitro antifungal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-Forest Biomass, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, China.
| | - Tianshuai Zhu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-Forest Biomass, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, China.
| | - Yuqian Lin
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-Forest Biomass, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, China.
| | - Xian Wei
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-Forest Biomass, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, China.
| | - Xinyu Xie
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-Forest Biomass, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, China.
| | - Ruofan Lin
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-Forest Biomass, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, China.
| | - Zhijie Zhang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-Forest Biomass, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, China.
| | - Weiwei Fang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-Forest Biomass, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, China.
| | - Jing-Jing Zhang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-Forest Biomass, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, China.
| | - Yue Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Meng-Yang Hu
- DreamChem (Tianjin) Co., Ltd., No. 4, Haitai Development 2nd Road, Binhai High-tech Zone, Tianjin, 300380, China
| | - Lingchao Cai
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-Forest Biomass, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, China.
| | - Zhen Chen
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-Forest Biomass, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, China.
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6
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Hong K, Liu M, Qian L, Bao M, Chen G, Jiang X, Huang J, Xu X. Catalytic [4+2]- and [4+4]-cycloaddition using furan-fused cyclobutanone as a privileged C4 synthon. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5407. [PMID: 38926359 PMCID: PMC11208666 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49664-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cycloaddition reactions play a pivotal role in synthetic chemistry for the direct assembly of cyclic architectures. However, hurdles remain for extending the C4 synthon to construct diverse heterocycles via programmable [4+n]-cycloaddition. Here we report an atom-economic and modular intermolecular cycloaddition using furan-fused cyclobutanones (FCBs) as a versatile C4 synthon. In contrast to the well-documented cycloaddition of benzocyclobutenones, this is a complementary version using FCB as a C4 reagent. It involves a C-C bond activation and cycloaddition sequence, including a Rh-catalyzed enantioselective [4 + 2]-cycloaddition with imines and an Au-catalyzed diastereoselective [4 + 4]-cycloaddition with anthranils. The obtained furan-fused lactams, which are pivotal motifs that present in many natural products, bioactive molecules, and materials, are inaccessible or difficult to prepare by other methods. Preliminary antitumor activity study indicates that 6e and 6 f exhibit high anticancer potency against colon cancer cells (HCT-116, IC50 = 0.50 ± 0.05 μM) and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells (KYSE-520, IC50 = 0.89 ± 0.13 μM), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kemiao Hong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Mengting Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Lixin Qian
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Ming Bao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Gang Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Xinyu Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Jingjing Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Xinfang Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
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7
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Cheng Z, Xu H, Hu Z, Zhu M, Houk KN, Xue XS, Jiao N. Carbene-Assisted Arene Ring-Opening. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:16963-16970. [PMID: 38691630 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c03634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Despite the significant achievements in dearomatization and C-H functionalization of arenes, the arene ring-opening remains a largely unmet challenge and is underdeveloped due to the high bond dissociation energy and strong resonance stabilization energy inherent in aromatic compounds. Herein, we demonstrate a novel carbene assisted strategy for arene ring-opening. The understanding of the mechanism by our DFT calculations will stimulate wide application of bulk arene chemicals for the synthesis of value-added polyconjugated chain molecules. Various aryl azide derivatives now can be directly converted into valuable polyconjugated enynes, avoiding traditional synthesis including multistep unsaturated precursors, poor selectivity control, and subsequent transition-metal catalyzed cross-coupling reactions. The simple conditions required were demonstrated in the late-stage modification of complex molecules and fused ring compounds. This chemistry expands the horizons of carbene chemistry and provides a novel pathway for arene ring-opening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengrui Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 100191 Beijing, China
| | - Haoran Xu
- Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Nitrogen Chemistry and Advanced Materials, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhibin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 100191 Beijing, China
| | - Minghui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 100191 Beijing, China
| | - K N Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California─Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Xiao-Song Xue
- Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Nitrogen Chemistry and Advanced Materials, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ning Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 100191 Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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8
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Huang H, Luan X, Zuo Z. Cooperative Photoredox and Cobalt-Catalyzed Acceptorless Dehydrogenative Functionalization of Cyclopropylamides towards Allylic N,O-Acyl-acetal Derivatives. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202401579. [PMID: 38609328 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202401579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
We disclose herein a novel photoredox and cobalt co-catalyzed ring-opening/acceptorless dehydrogenative functionalization of mono-donor cyclopropanes. This sustainable and atom-economic approach allows the rapid assembly of a wide range of allylic N,O-acyl-acetal derivatives. The starting materials are readily available and the reaction features mild conditions, broad substrate scope, and excellent functional group compatibility. The optimized conditions accommodate assorted cycloalkylamides and primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols, with applications in late-stage functionalization of pharmaceutically relevant compounds, stimulating further utility in medicinal chemistry. Moreover, selective nucleophilic substitutions with various carbon nucleophiles were achieved in a one-pot fashion, offering a reliable avenue to access some cyclic and acyclic derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haohao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, China
| | - Xinjun Luan
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, China
| | - Zhijun Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, China
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9
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Zhou J, Meng L, Yang Z, Wang JJ. Enantio- and Regioselective Cascade Hydroboration of Methylenecyclopropanes for Facile Access to Chiral 1,3- and 1,4-Bis(boronates). ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2400096. [PMID: 38477439 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202400096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Chiral 1, n-bis(boronate) plays a crucial role in organic synthesis and medicinal chemistry. However, their catalytic and asymmetric synthesis has long posed a challenge in terms of operability and accessibility from readily available substrates. The recent discovery of the C═C bond formation through β-C elimination of methylenecyclopropanes (MCP) has provided an exciting opportunity to enhance molecular complexity. In this study, the catalyzed asymmetric cascade hydroboration of MCP is developed. By employing different ligands, various homoallylic boronate intermediate are obtained through the hydroboration ring opening process. Subsequently, the cascade hydroboration with HBpin or B2pin2 resulted in the synthesis of enantioenriched chiral 1,3- and 1,4-bis(boronates) in high yields, accompanied by excellent chemo- and enantioselectivities. The selective transformation of these two distinct C─B bonds also demonstrated their application potential in organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ling Meng
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ziyi Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jun Joelle Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
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10
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Shimazumi R, Tobisu M. Unimolecular Fragment Coupling: A New Bond-Forming Methodology via the Deletion of Atom(s). JACS AU 2024; 4:1676-1695. [PMID: 38818052 PMCID: PMC11134393 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Unimolecular fragment coupling (UFC) is defined as a reaction format, wherein atom(s) located in the middle of a molecule are extruded, and the remaining fragments are coupled. UFC is a potentially powerful strategy that is an alternative to transition-metal-catalyzed cross-coupling because the target chemical bond is formed in an intramolecular fashion, which is inherently beneficial for chemoselectivity and stereoselectivity issues. In this Perspective, we will present an overview of the recent advances in UFC reactions, which encompass those proceeding through the elimination of CO2, CO, SO2, isocyanates, N2, or single atoms primarily via transition metal catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoma Shimazumi
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Mamoru Tobisu
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Innovative
Catalysis Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary
Research Initiatives (ICS-OTRI), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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11
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Zhang Z, Liang FF, Zhang SL, Sun W, Zhou AX, Sun M. Pd-Catalyzed Three-Component Coupling of Cyclopropenones via Sequential C-C Bond Activation and Allylation. Org Lett 2024; 26:4262-4267. [PMID: 38722897 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
A novel Pd-catalyzed three-component domino reaction for the stereoselective synthesis of highly functionalized allyl cinnamates has been developed. In this protocol, a sequential process of C-C bond activation and intermolecular allylic substitution was well-organized. The key for this transformation is the in situ generated hydrolysis product of cyclopropenone, which triggered a new reaction with vinylethylene carbonates. The reaction mechanism was investigated, demonstrating the high stereoselectivity and excellent atomic economy in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710127, China
| | - Fei-Fei Liang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710127, China
| | - Shu-Lin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710127, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710127, China
| | - An-Xi Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Higher Institutions of Jiangxi Province, Shangrao Normal University, Shangrao, Jiangxi 334001, China
| | - Meng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710127, China
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12
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Li K, Dong S, Li SL, Chen Z, Yin G. Pd(II)/LA-catalyzed acetanilide olefination with dioxygen. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:4089-4095. [PMID: 38695080 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00468j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Transition-metal-catalyzed aromatic olefination through direct C-H activation represents an atom and step-economic route for versatile pharmaceutical syntheses, and in many cases, different stoichiometric oxidants are frequently employed for achieving a reasonable catalytic efficiency of the transition metal ions. Herein, we report a Lewis acid promoted Pd(II)-catalyzed acetanilide olefination reaction with atmospheric dioxygen as the oxidant source. The linkage of the Lewis acid to the Pd(II) species through a diacetate bridge significantly improved its catalytic efficiency, and independent kinetic studies on the olefination step revealed that adding the Lewis acid significantly accelerated the olefination rate as well as the C-H activation step. A strong basicity of the internal base in the Pd(II) salt also benefited the olefination reaction plausibly through base-assisted β-hydride elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiwen Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China.
| | - Shuangfeng Dong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China.
| | - Shuang-Long Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China.
| | - Zhuqi Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China.
| | - Guochuan Yin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China.
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13
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Shi WY, Zhang SL. Copper/O 2-Mediated Oxidative C-C Activation of Nitriles for Selective Acylation-Bromination of Anilines. J Org Chem 2024; 89:6929-6936. [PMID: 38717970 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
This study reports selective dual amino acylation and C-H bromination of aniline compounds enabled by Cu/O2 catalyst systems. This method involves crucial oxidation-induced C-CN bond cleavage of α-methylene nitriles to generate an acylcyanide intermediate that is facilely intercepted by anilines. After amino acylation, the Cu(II) precatalyst in combination with NBS generates Cu(III)-Br in situ that engages in selective electrophilic para- or ortho-C-H bromination. The substrate scope, mechanistic aspects, and late-stage functionalization of biologically active anilines are studied. This study shows the synthetic potential of oxidative C-CN bond activation of nitriles for the development of valuable reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Yu Shi
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Song-Lin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
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14
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Barman M, Mishra M, Mandal S, Punniyamurthy T. Palladium Catalysis Enabled Sequential C(sp 3)-H/C-C Activation: Access to Vinyl γ-Lactams. Org Lett 2024; 26:3722-3726. [PMID: 38678543 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
A Pd(II)-catalyzed tandem reaction of aliphatic amides with vinylcyclopropanes (VCPs) was accomplished by merging C(sp3)-H and C-C activation. The reaction of VCP revealed alkenylation/cyclization, followed by ring opening via C-C cleavage, delivering vinyl γ-lactams with (E)-selectivity. The role of ligands, site-selectivity, functional group diversity, mechanistic insight, and synthetic utilities are important practical features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhab Barman
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati-781039, India
| | - Manmath Mishra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati-781039, India
| | - Santu Mandal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati-781039, India
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15
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Wu X, Song X, Xia Y. High-Valent Copper Catalysis Enables Regioselective Fluoroarylation of Gem-Difluorinated Cyclopropanes. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2401243. [PMID: 38460153 PMCID: PMC11095216 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202401243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Transition-metal (TM) catalyzed reaction of gem-difluorinated cyclopropanes (gem-DFCPs) has drawn much attention recently. The reaction generally occurs via the activation of the distal C─C bond in gem-DFCPs by a low-valent TM through oxidative addition, eventually producing mono-fluoro olefins as the coupling products. However, achieving regioselective activation of the proximal C─C bond in gem-DFCPs that overcomes the intrinsic reactivity via TM catalysis remains elusive. Here, a new reaction mode of gem-DFCPs enabled by high-valent copper catalysis, which allows exclusive activation of the congested proximal C─C bond is presented. The reaction that achieves fluoroarylation of gem-DFCPs uses NFSI (N-fluorobenzenesulfonimide) as electrophilic fluoro reagent and arenes as the C─H nucleophiles, enabling the synthesis of diverse CF3-containing scaffolds. It is proposed that a high-valent copper species plays an important role in the regioselective activation of the proximal C─C bond possibly via a σ-bond metathesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuli Wu
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth HospitalWest China‐PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Healthand State Key Laboratory of BiotherapySichuan UniversityChengdu610041China
| | - Xiangyu Song
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth HospitalWest China‐PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Healthand State Key Laboratory of BiotherapySichuan UniversityChengdu610041China
| | - Ying Xia
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth HospitalWest China‐PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Healthand State Key Laboratory of BiotherapySichuan UniversityChengdu610041China
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16
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Zhang B, Bai H, Zhan B, Wei K, Nie S, Zhang X. Deacylative arylation and alkynylation of unstrained ketones. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eado0225. [PMID: 38669332 PMCID: PMC11051662 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ado0225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Ketones are ubiquitous in bioactive natural products, pharmaceuticals, chemical feedstocks, and synthetic intermediates. Hence, deacylative coupling reactions enable the versatile elaboration of a plethora of chemicals to access complex drug candidates and natural products. Here, we present deacylative arylation and alkynylation strategies for the synthesis of a wide range of alkyl-tethered arenes and alkynes from cyclic ketones and methyl ketones under dual nickel/photoredox catalysis. This reaction begins by generating a pre-aromatic intermediate (PAI) through the condensation of the ketone and N'-methylpicolino-hydrazonamide (MPHA), followed by the oxidative cleavage of the PAI α-C─C bond to form an alkyl radical, which is subsequently intercepted by a Ni complex, facilitating the formation of diverse C(sp3)-C(sp2)/C(sp) bonds with remarkable generality. This protocol features a one-pot reaction capability, high regioselectivity and ring-opening efficiency, mild reaction conditions, and a broad substrate scope with excellent functional group compatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyi Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Hui Bai
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Beibei Zhan
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Kaihang Wei
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Shenyou Nie
- Basic Medicine Research and Innovation Center for Novel Target and Therapeutic Intervention (Ministry of Education), Institute of Life Sciences and Department of Urology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xiaheng Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, China
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17
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Niu C, Zhang Z, Li Q, Cheng Z, Jiao N, Zhang C. Selective Ring-Opening Amination of Isochromans and Tetrahydroisoquinolines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202401318. [PMID: 38459760 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202401318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
The molecular structure-editing through selective C-C bond cleavage allows for the precise modification of molecular structures and opens up new possibilities in chemical synthesis. By strategically cleaving C-C bonds and editing the molecular structure, more efficient and versatile pathways for the synthesis of complex compounds could be designed, which brings significant implications for drug development and materials science. o-Aminophenethyl alcohols and amines are the essential key motifs in bioactive and functional material molecules. The traditional synthesis of these compounds usually requires multiple steps which could generate inseparable isomers and induce low efficiencies. By leveraging a molecular editing strategy, we herein reported a selective ring-opening amination of isochromans and tetrahydroisoquinolines for the efficient synthesis of o-aminophenethyl alcohols and amines. This innovative chemistry allows for the precise cleavage of C-C bonds under mild transition metal-free conditions. Notably, further synthetic application demonstrated that our method could provide an efficient approach to essential components of diverse bioactive molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhao Niu
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, 300072, Tianjin, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, 300072, Tianjin, China
| | - Qi Li
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, 300072, Tianjin, China
| | - Zengrui Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Chemical Biology Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Chemical Biology Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - Chun Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, 300072, Tianjin, China
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18
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Shi C, Liu R, Wang Z, Li X, Qin H, Yuan L, Shan W, Zhuang W, Li X, Shi D. Radical Addition-Enabled C-C σ-Bond Cleavage/Reconstruction to Access Functional Indanones: Total Synthesis of Carexane L. Org Lett 2024; 26:2913-2917. [PMID: 38569099 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
C-C σ-bond cleavage and reconstruction is a significant tool for structural modification in synthetic chemistry but it remains a formidable challenge to perform on unstrained skeletons. Herein, we describe a radical addition-enabled C-C σ-bond cleavage/reconstruction reaction of unstrained allyl ketones to access various functional indanones bearing a benzylic quaternary center. The synthetic utility of this method has been showcased by the first total synthesis of carexane L, an indanone-based natural product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao, 266237 Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Ruihua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao, 266237 Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Zemin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao, 266237 Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Xiaowei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao, 266237 Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Hongyun Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao, 266237 Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Leifeng Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao, 266237 Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Wenlong Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao, 266237 Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Wenli Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao, 266237 Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Xiangqian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao, 266237 Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Dayong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao, 266237 Shandong, P. R. China
- Laboratory of Marine Drugs and Biological Products, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 168 Weihai Road, Qingdao, 266237 Shandong, P. R. China
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19
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Fukazawa M, Takahashi F, Kurogi T, Yorimitsu H. Sodium-Mediated Reductive C-C Bond Cleavage Assisted by Boryl Groups. Chem Asian J 2024; 19:e202400100. [PMID: 38385830 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202400100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
In contrast to the well-established oxidative C=C double bond cleavage to give the corresponding carbonyl compounds, little is known about reductive C=C double bond cleavage. Here we report that C-C single bond cleavage in 1,2-diaryl-1,2-diborylethanes proceeds by reduction with sodium metal to yield α-boryl benzylsodium species. In combination with our previous reductive diboration of stilbenes, the overall transformation represents reductive cleavage of the C=C double bonds of stilbene to yield α-boryl-α-sodiated toluenes. This reductive two-step C=C double bond cleavage is applicable to ring-opening or ring-expansion reactions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mizuki Fukazawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Sakyo-ku, 606-8502 Kyoto, Japan
| | - Fumiya Takahashi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Sakyo-ku, 606-8502 Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takashi Kurogi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Sakyo-ku, 606-8502 Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hideki Yorimitsu
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Sakyo-ku, 606-8502 Kyoto, Japan
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20
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Li D, Wang Y. DFT study on isothiourea-catalyzed C-C bond activation of cyclobutenone: the role of the catalyst and the origin of stereoselectivity. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:2662-2669. [PMID: 38477235 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00267a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
The organocatalytic C-C bond activation strategy stands out as a new reaction mode for the release of ring strain and expands the scope of organocatalysts. Thus, disclosing the role of the organocatalyst in the C-C bond cleavage process would be of interest. Here, an isothiourea-catalyzed C-C bond activation/cycloaddition reaction of cyclobutenone is selected as a computational model to uncover the role of the catalyst. Based on the calculations, the electrocyclic cleavage of cyclobutenone is calculated to be energetically more favorable than the isothiourea-catalyzed C-C bond cleavage, which is different from the NHC-catalyzed C-C bond activation of cyclobutenone. The computational results show that the isothiourea promotes the reaction by increasing the nucleophilicity of vinyl ketene and thus lowers the energy barrier of the cycloaddition process. Moreover, NCI and AIM analyses are performed to disclose the origin of stereoselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daochang Li
- Department of Chemical and Material Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, 136 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450002, P. R. China.
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Chemical and Material Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, 136 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450002, P. R. China.
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21
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Wang ZY, Zhang X, Chen WQ, Sun GD, Wang X, Tan L, Xu H, Dai HX. Palladium-Catalyzed Deuteration of Arylketone Oxime Ethers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202319773. [PMID: 38279666 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202319773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
We report herein the development of palladium-catalyzed deacylative deuteration of arylketone oxime ethers. This protocol features excellent functional group tolerance, heterocyclic compatibility, and high deuterium incorporation levels. Regioselective deuteration of some biologically important drugs and natural products are showcased via Friedel-Crafts acylation and subsequent deacylative deuteration. Vicinal meta-C-H bond functionalization (including fluorination, arylation, and alkylation) and para-C-H bond deuteration of electro-rich arenes are realized by using the ketone as both directing group and leaving group, which is distinct from aryl halide in conventional dehalogenative deuteration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Wen-Qing Chen
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Guo-Dong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Lin Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Study, Hangzhou, 310024, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hui Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hui-Xiong Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Study, Hangzhou, 310024, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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22
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Hu L, Xiang Y, Lan XB, Xie Y. An Intermolecular Hydroarylation of Unactivated Arylcyclopropane via Re 2O 7/HFIP-Mediated Ring Opening. Org Lett 2024; 26:2085-2090. [PMID: 38441049 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
In this paper, we describe a Re2O7-mediated ring-opening arylation of unactivated arylcyclopropane because of its functionalization with various arenes via Friedel-Crafts-type reactivity. This protocol allows facile access to functionalized 1,1-diaryl alkanes and is characterized by a broad substrate scope, mild reaction conditions, high efficiency, and high atom economy. Both density functional theory calculations and deuterium labeling experiments were carried out to justify the indispensable role of HFIP in this transformation and pointed to Re2O7-mediated ring opening being the rate-determining step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqun Hu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry and Service Failure, and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yao Xiang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry and Service Failure, and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xiao-Bing Lan
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Xiangnan Rare-Precious Metals Compounds Research and Application, School of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Xiangnan University, Chenzhou 423000, China
| | - Youwei Xie
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry and Service Failure, and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China
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23
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Chandu P, Biswas S, Pal K, Sureshkumar D. Organophotoredox Catalysis: Switchable Radical Generation from Alkyl Sodium Sulfinates for Sulfonylation and Alkylative Activation of C-C Bonds of Cyclopropenes. J Org Chem 2024; 89:3912-3925. [PMID: 38446801 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Generating alkyl radicals from the sulfonyl radicals remains challenging in synthetic chemistry. Here, we report an efficient photocatalyzed strategy using alkyl sodium sulfinates as both sulfonylating and alkylating reagents by controlling the reaction temperature. This methodology provides a versatile protocol for synthesizing diastereoselective sulfonylated cyclopropanes and poly-substituted styrene derivatives. This methodology is successfully demonstrated with a wide variety of cyclopropenes and alkyl sulfinates, showcasing its broad substrate scope, high diastereo- and E/Z selectivity, and yielding good to excellent yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palasetty Chandu
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal 741246, India
| | - Sourabh Biswas
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal 741246, India
| | - Koustav Pal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal 741246, India
| | - Devarajulu Sureshkumar
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal 741246, India
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24
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Liu H, Shi L, Tan X, Kang B, Luo G, Jiang H, Qi C. Et 2 Zn-Mediated Gem-Dicarboxylation of Cyclopropanols with CO 2. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2307633. [PMID: 38126667 PMCID: PMC10916615 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202307633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
An unprecedented Et2 Zn-mediated gem-dicarboxylation of C─C/C─H single bond of cyclopropanols with CO2 is disclosed, which provides a straightforward and efficient methodology for the synthesis of a variety of structurally diverse and useful malonic acids in moderate to excellent yields. The protocol features mild reaction conditions, excellent functional group compatibility, broad substrate scope, and facile derivatization of the products. DFT calculations confirm that the transition-metal-free transformation proceeds through a novel ring-opening/α-functionalization/ring-closing/ring-opening/β-functionalization (ROFCOF) process, and 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU) plays dual important roles in the transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong ProvinceSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhou510640China
| | - Lei Shi
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information TechnologyAnhui UniversityHefei230601China
| | - Xiaobin Tan
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong ProvinceSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhou510640China
| | - Bangxiong Kang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong ProvinceSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhou510640China
| | - Gen Luo
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information TechnologyAnhui UniversityHefei230601China
| | - Huanfeng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong ProvinceSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhou510640China
| | - Chaorong Qi
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong ProvinceSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhou510640China
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25
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Rani S, Aslam S, Lal K, Noreen S, Alsader KAM, Hussain R, Shirinfar B, Ahmed N. Electrochemical C-H/C-C Bond Oxygenation: A Potential Technology for Plastic Depolymerization. CHEM REC 2024; 24:e202300331. [PMID: 38063812 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we provide eco-friendly and safely operated electrocatalytic methods for the selective oxidation directly or with water, air, light, metal catalyst or other mediators serving as the only oxygen supply. Heavy metals, stoichiometric chemical oxidants, or harsh conditions were drawbacks of earlier oxidative cleavage techniques. It has recently come to light that a crucial stage in the deconstruction of plastic waste and the utilization of biomass is the selective activation of inert C(sp3 )-C/H(sp3 ) bonds, which continues to be a significant obstacle in the chemical upcycling of resistant polyolefin waste. An appealing alternative to chemical oxidations using oxygen and catalysts is direct or indirect electrochemical conversion. An essential transition in the chemical and pharmaceutical industries is the electrochemical oxidation of C-H/C-C bonds. In this review, we discuss cutting-edge approaches to chemically recycle commercial plastics and feasible C-C/C-H bonds oxygenation routes for industrial scale-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Rani
- Department of Chemistry, The Women University Multan, Multan, 60000, Pakistan
| | - Samina Aslam
- Department of Chemistry, The Women University Multan, Multan, 60000, Pakistan
| | - Kiran Lal
- Department of Chemistry, The Women University Multan, Multan, 60000, Pakistan
| | - Sobia Noreen
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan
| | | | - Riaz Hussain
- Department of Chemistry, University of Education Lahore, D.G. Khan Campus, 32200, Pakistan
| | - Bahareh Shirinfar
- West Herts College - University of Hertfordshire, Watford, WD17 3EZ, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nisar Ahmed
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, United Kingdom
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26
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Wang X, Shu S, Wang X, Yu W, Zhang Y, Wang T, Zhang Z. Electrochemical Radical Retro-Allylation of Homoallylic Alcohols with Sulfonyl Hydrazides. J Org Chem 2024; 89:3563-3572. [PMID: 38335535 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
We report herein the first examples of electrochemical radical retro-allylation of homoallylic alcohols via the cleavage of the C(sp3)-C(sp3) bond. In this reaction, a variety of sulfonyl hydrazides were employed as the environmentally friendly radical sources via an electrochemical dehydrazination with the release of N2 and H2 as the byproducts, leading to sulfonyl allylic compounds in moderate to good yields. The reaction features metal- and base-free reaction conditions, broad functional group tolerance, and a broad substrate scope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshuo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, P. R. China
| | - Shubing Shu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, P. R. China
| | - Wenxin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, P. R. China
| | - Yuru Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, P. R. China
| | - Tao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, P. R. China
| | - Zhenming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, P. R. China
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27
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Yu Z, Shi M, Wei Y. Mechanistic Studies on Rhodium-Catalyzed Chemoselective Cycloaddition of Ene-Vinylidenecyclopropanes: Water-Assisted Proton Transfer. Molecules 2024; 29:1085. [PMID: 38474597 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29051085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Rhodium-catalyzed cycloaddition reactions are a powerful tool for the construction of polycyclic compounds. Combined experimental and DFT studies were used to investigate the temperature-controlled chemoselectivity of cationic rhodium-catalyzed intramolecular cycloaddition reactions of ene-vinylidenecyclopropanes. After a series of mechanistic studies, it was found that trace amounts of water in the reaction system play an important role in generating the product with endo double bond located on a five-membered ring and revealed that trace amounts of water in the reaction system, including the rhodium catalyst, substrate and solvent, were sufficient to promote the formation of the product with endo double bond located on a five-membered ring, and additional water could not further accelerate the reaction. DFT calculation results show that the addition of water indeed significantly lowers the energy barrier of the proton transfer step, making the formation of the product with endo double bond located on a five-membered ring more likely to occur and confirming the rationality of water-assisted proton transfer occurring in the selective access to the product with endo double bond located on a five-membered ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Yu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road No. 130, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Min Shi
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road No. 130, Shanghai 200237, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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28
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Zheng W, Tan BB, Ge S, Lu Y. Enantioselective Copper-Catalyzed Ring-Opening Diboration of Arylidenecyclopropanes to Access Chiral Skipped 1,4- and 1,3-Diboronates. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:5366-5374. [PMID: 38354313 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c12675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Two enantioselective approaches to synthesize chiral skipped diboronate compounds have been developed, relying on copper-catalyzed one-pot asymmetric ring-opening diboration of arylidenecyclopropanes. A wide range of arylidenecyclopropanes react smoothly with HBpin in the presence of CuOAc and (R)-DTBM-Segphos, affording chiral 1,4-diboronates with high enantioselectivity (up to 99% ee). Meanwhile, a variety of arylidenecyclopropanes react selectively with HBpin and B2pin2 in the presence of CuOAc and (S,S)-Ph-BPE with the sequential addition of MeOH, providing chiral 1,3-diboronates with high enantioselectivity (up to 98% ee). These enantioenriched 1,3- and 1,4-diboronates can undergo various enantiospecific transformations with minimal loss of their enantiopurity. Mechanistic studies reveal that these two diboration processes start with CuH-catalyzed ring-opening hydroboration of arylidenecyclopropanes to form a mixture of Z/E-homoallyl boronate intermediates, which subsequently undergo enantioselective CuH-catalyzed second hydroboration or Cu-Bpin-catalyzed protoboration to produce chiral 1,4-diboronates or 1,3-diboronates, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenrui Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Boon Beng Tan
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Shaozhong Ge
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Yixin Lu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
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29
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Wang J, Ye Q. Borirenes and Boriranes: Development and Perspectives. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303695. [PMID: 38085103 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/31/2023]
Abstract
Strained compounds constitute a highly topical area of research in chemistry. Borirene and borirane both feature a BC2 three-membered ring. They can be viewed as the structural analogues of cyclopropane and cyclopropene, where a CH2 unit of the carbonaceous counterparts is replaced with BH, respectively. Indeed, this structural variation introduces numerous intriguing aspects. For instance, borirane and borirene are both Lewis acidic due to the presence of a tricoordinate borane center. In addition, borirene is 2π aromatic according to Hückel's rule. In addition to their ability to form adducts with Lewis bases and the capacity of borirenes to act as ligands in coordination with metals, both borirenes and boriranes exhibit ring-opening reactivity due to the considerable ring strain. Under specific conditions, coordinated boriranes can even cleave two BC bonds to serve as formal borylene sources (although the reaction mechanisms are quite complex). On the other hand, recent successful syntheses of benzoborienes and their carborane-based three-dimensional analogues (also referred to as carborane-fused boriranes) have introduced novel perspectives to this field. For instance, they display excellent ring-expanding reactivity, possibly attributed to the boosted ring strain arising from the fusion of borirenes with benzene and boriranes with o-carborane. Importantly, their applications as valuable "BC2 " synthons have become increasingly evident along with the newly disclosed reactivity. Additionally, the boosted Lewis acidity of carborane-fused boriranes, thanks to the potent electron-withdrawing effect of o-carborane, combined with their readiness for ring enlargement, makes them promising candidates as electron-accepting building blocks in the construction of chemically responsive luminescent materials. This review provides a summary of the synthesis and reactivity of borirene and borirane derivatives, with the aim of encouraging the design of new borierene- and borirane-based molecules and inspiring further exploration of their potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyi Wang
- Department of chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Qing Ye
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry& Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
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30
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Liu Y, Ding C, Huang JJ, Zhou Q, Xiong BQ, Tang KW, Huang PF. Visible-light-induced synthesis of 2,4-disubstituted quinolines from o-vinylaryl isocyanides and oxime esters. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:1458-1465. [PMID: 38282546 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob02060f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
A visible-light-induced radical cyclization reaction of o-vinylaryl isocyanides and oxime esters to access various 2,4-disubstituted quinolines was disclosed. Oxime esters were employed as acyl radical precursors via the carbon-carbon bond cleavage. It provided an effective way for the synthesis of 2-acyl-4-arlysubstituted quinolines under mild conditions and exhibited good functional group tolerance and substrate applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang 414006, China.
| | - Chuan Ding
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang 414006, China.
| | - Jia-Jing Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang 414006, China.
| | - Quan Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang 414006, China.
| | - Bi-Quan Xiong
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang 414006, China.
| | - Ke-Wen Tang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang 414006, China.
| | - Peng-Fei Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang 414006, China.
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31
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Xu X, Gao A, Xu X, Li J, Cui C. Selective Access to Silacyclopentanes and Homoallylsilanes by La-Catalyzed Hydrosilylations of 1-Aryl Methylenecyclopropanes. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:4060-4067. [PMID: 38300299 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c12355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Methylenecyclopropanes (MCPs) have emerged as versatile building blocks in synthetic chemistry because of their unique reactivity. However, metal-catalyzed hydrosilylation of MCPs has met with very limited successes. In this paper, catalytic selective hydrosilylations of MCPs with some primary silanes using an ene-diamido lanthanum ate complex as the catalyst were described. The catalytic reactions resulted in the selective formation of silacyclopentanes and (E)-homoallylsilanes, respectively, depending on the substituents on MCPs. The formation of silacyclopentanes via a catalytic cascade inter- and intramolecular hydrosilylation mechanism is strongly supported by the control and deuteration-labeling experiments and DFT calculations. The unique reactivity and selectivity could be attributed to the large lanthanum ion and ate structure of the catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center of Organic Matters and College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Ailin Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center of Organic Matters and College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiufang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center of Organic Matters and College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianfeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center of Organic Matters and College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunming Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center of Organic Matters and College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
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32
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Lyu H, Tugwell TH, Chen Z, Kukier GA, Turlik A, Wu Y, Houk KN, Liu P, Dong G. Modular synthesis of 1,2-azaborines via ring-opening BN-isostere benzannulation. Nat Chem 2024; 16:269-276. [PMID: 37783725 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-023-01343-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
1,2-Azaborines represent a unique class of benzene isosteres that have attracted interest for developing pharmaceuticals with better potency and bioavailability. However, it remains a long-standing challenge to prepare monocyclic 1,2-azaborines, particularly multi-substituted ones, in an efficient and modular manner. Here we report a straightforward method to directly access diverse multi-substituted 1,2-azaborines from readily available cyclopropyl imines/ketones and dibromoboranes under relatively mild conditions. The reaction is scalable, shows a broad substrate scope, and tolerates a range of functional groups. The utility of this method is demonstrated in the concise syntheses of BN isosteres of a PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor and pyrethroid insecticide, bifenthrin. Combined experimental and computational mechanistic studies suggest that the reaction pathway involves boron-mediated cyclopropane ring-opening and base-mediated elimination, followed by an unusual low-barrier 6π-electrocyclization accelerated by the BN/CC isomerism. This method is anticipated to find applications for the synthesis of BN-isostere analogues in medicinal chemistry, and the mechanistic insights gained here may guide developing other boron-mediated electrocyclizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hairong Lyu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Thomas H Tugwell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Zhijie Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Garrett A Kukier
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Aneta Turlik
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yifei Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - K N Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Guangbin Dong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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33
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Parra-García S, Ballester-Ibáñez M, García-López JA. Pd-Catalyzed Formal [2 + 2]-Retrocyclization of Cyclobutanols via 2-Fold Csp 3-Csp 3 Bond Cleavage. J Org Chem 2024; 89:882-886. [PMID: 38175808 PMCID: PMC10804411 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
In this work, we describe the unexpected 2-fold Csp3-Csp3 bond cleavage suffered by cyclobutanols in the presence of a catalytic amount of Pd(OAc)2 and promoted by the bulky biaryl JohnPhos ligand. Overall, the sequential cleavage of a strained and an unstrained Csp3-Csp3 bond leads to the formal [2 + 2]-retrocyclization products, namely, styrene and acetophenone derivatives. This procedure might enable the use of cyclobutanols as masked acetyl groups, resisting harsh conditions in organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Parra-García
- Grupo de Química Organometálica,
Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Murcia, E-30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Marina Ballester-Ibáñez
- Grupo de Química Organometálica,
Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Murcia, E-30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - José-Antonio García-López
- Grupo de Química Organometálica,
Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Murcia, E-30100 Murcia, Spain
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34
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Tsai ZN, Li LY, Paculba AS, Miñoza S, Tsao YT, Lin PS, Liao HH. Pro-aromatic Dihydroquinazolinones - From Multigram Synthesis to Reagents for Gram-scale Metallaphotoredox Reactions. Chem Asian J 2023:e202301004. [PMID: 38102804 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202301004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Dihydroquinazolinone (DHQZ) has recently been harnessed as a ketone-derived pro-aromatic reagent extensively employed in (metalla)photoredox reactions as versatile group transfer agents. In this work, we outline a column chromatography-free protocol for the multigram-scale synthesis of pro-aromatic DHQZs as well as its use in a gram-scale nickel/photoredox dual-catalyzed cross-coupling in single-batch, photoflow, and simultaneous multiple smaller batches. While the single-batch approach leveraged moderate yields, a simple plug-flow photoreactor also exhibited amenable productivity (up to 45 % yield) despite the use of a heterogeneous base. Meanwhile, performing the metallaphotoredox-catalyzed reaction in multiple smaller batches in an improvised photoreactor facilitated high yields of up to 59 % and good reproducibility, implying a convenient alternative in the absence of photoflow setups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zong-Nan Tsai
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (ROC
| | - Li-Yun Li
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (ROC
| | - Aira Shayne Paculba
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (ROC
| | - Shinje Miñoza
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (ROC
| | - Yong-Ting Tsao
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (ROC
| | - Pei-Shan Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (ROC
| | - Hsuan-Hung Liao
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (ROC
- Department of Applied and Medicinal Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (ROC
- Green Hydrogen Research Center, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (ROC
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35
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Kar S, Maharana PK, Punniyamurthy T, Trivedi V. Tandem (4 + 3)-Annulation of Aziridines: Stereoselective Access to Fused Azepinoindoles. Org Lett 2023. [PMID: 38051106 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
A stereoselective tandem (4 + 3)-coupling of aziridines with 4-alkylidene indole malonates has been disclosed under Cu-catalysis involving a base-promoted annulation. The methodology serves as a potential approach toward the facile construction of fused azepinoindoles with good yields and diastereoselectivities. Late-stage natural product and drug modification as well as preliminary investigations for the enantioselective (4 + 3)-annulation are important practical features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhradeep Kar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India
| | - Prabhat K Maharana
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India
| | | | - Vishal Trivedi
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India
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36
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Ateşin TA, Jones WD, Atesin AC. ortho-Fluoro or ortho Effect? Oxidative Addition of Zerovalent Nickel into the C-CN Bond of Substituted Benzonitriles. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:19698-19705. [PMID: 37987750 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c03065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
A recent study of the oxidative addition of zerovalent Ni to the C-CN bond of F-substituted benzonitriles showed significantly increased stabilization of the C-CN oxidative addition products with o-F groups (-6.6 kcal/mol per o-F) compared to m-F groups (-1.8 kcal/mol per m-F). To answer the question of whether this is an o-F effect or an ortho effect, in this study the effect of CF3 and CH3 groups on the oxidative addition of the [Ni(dmpe)] fragment [dmpe = 1,2-bis(dimethylphosphino)ethane] to the C-CN bond of benzonitriles has been studied. A density functional theory study of the reaction pathway between η2-CN complexes and the C-CN oxidative addition products shows stabilization of the C-CN oxidative addition product with the electron-withdrawing CF3 group and destabilization with the electron-donating CH3 group in both tetrahydrofuran and toluene. There is a slightly larger ortho effect with CF3 (-7.4 kcal/mol) than with F. However, due to steric crowding, two o-CF3 groups did not show considerably more stabilization than one o-CF3 group. There is a linear relationship between ΔG° and the number of meta groups (2.0 kcal/mol stabilization per m-CF3 and 0.8 kcal/mol destabilization per m-CH3). On the basis of natural population analysis, as the C-CN bond becomes more polarized, the stability of the C-CN oxidative addition products with respect to the η2-CN complexes increases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tülay A Ateşin
- School of Earth, Environmental and Marine Sciences, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, Texas 78541, United States
| | - William D Jones
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Abdurrahman C Atesin
- School of Integrative Biological and Chemical Sciences, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, Texas 78541, United States
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37
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Zhang FP, Wang RH, Li JF, Chen H, Hari Babu M, Ye M. Intermolecular Carbophosphination of Alkynes with Phosphole Oxides via Ni-Al Bimetal-Catalyzed C-P Bond Activation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202314701. [PMID: 37846814 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202314701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Intermolecular carbophosphination reaction of alkynes or alkenes with unreactive C-P bonds remains an elusive challenge. Herein, we used a Ni-Al bimetallic catalyst to realize an intermolecular carbophosphination reaction of alkynes with 5-membered phosphole oxides, providing a series of 7-membered phosphepines in up to 94 % yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Ping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Rong-Hua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Jiang-Fei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Hao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Madala Hari Babu
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Mengchun Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
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38
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Wang RH, Zhang Z, Li B, Zhu GF, Shi J, Tang L. p-Cresol-Enabled Nickel-Catalyzed Intermolecular Redox-Economical Coupling of Allyl Alcohols with Alkynes through oxa-Nickelacycle. Org Lett 2023; 25:8463-8468. [PMID: 37982592 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
An intermolecular redox-economical coupling reaction of allyl alcohols with alkynes, catalyzed by Ni-Brønsted acid cocatalysis, has been developed. This method allows for the synthesis of a diverse range of γ,δ-unsaturated ketones with yields ranging from 40% to 94%, while maintaining excellent compatibility with various functional groups. The transformation of the resulting product demonstrates the significant practical value of this method. Further mechanistic investigations have revealed that the reaction proceeds through the formation of an oxa-nickelacycle intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Hua Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, Guizhou Medical University, 550014 Guiyang, P. R. China
| | - Zhou Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, Guizhou Medical University, 550014 Guiyang, P. R. China
| | - Bo Li
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, Guizhou Medical University, 550014 Guiyang, P. R. China
| | - Gao-Feng Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, Guizhou Medical University, 550014 Guiyang, P. R. China
| | - Jing Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, Guizhou Medical University, 550014 Guiyang, P. R. China
| | - Lei Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, Guizhou Medical University, 550014 Guiyang, P. R. China
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39
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Da Concepción E, Lázaro-Milla C, Fernández I, Mascareñas JL, López F. Cobalt(I)-Catalyzed (3 + 2 + 2) Cycloaddition between Alkylidenecyclopropanes, Alkynes, and Alkenes. Org Lett 2023; 25:8372-8376. [PMID: 37948159 PMCID: PMC10723761 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Cobalt(I) catalysts equipped with bisphosphine ligands can be used to promote formal (3 + 2 + 2) intramolecular cycloadditions of enynylidenecyclopropanes of type 1. The method provides synthetically appealing 5,7,5-fused tricyclic systems in good yields and with complete diastereo- and chemoselectivity. Interestingly, its scope differs from that of previously reported annulations based on precious metal catalysts, specifically rhodium and palladium. Noticeably, density functional theory calculations confirm that the mechanism of the reaction is also different from those proposed for these other catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Da Concepción
- Centro
Singular de Investigación en Química
Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago
de Compostela, Spain
| | - Carlos Lázaro-Milla
- Centro
Singular de Investigación en Química
Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago
de Compostela, Spain
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Israel Fernández
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - José L. Mascareñas
- Centro
Singular de Investigación en Química
Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago
de Compostela, Spain
| | - Fernando López
- Centro
Singular de Investigación en Química
Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago
de Compostela, Spain
- Misión
Biológica de Galicia, Consejo Superior
de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 36080 Pontevedra, Spain
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40
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Liang YF, Bilal M, Tang LY, Wang TZ, Guan YQ, Cheng Z, Zhu M, Wei J, Jiao N. Carbon-Carbon Bond Cleavage for Late-Stage Functionalization. Chem Rev 2023; 123:12313-12370. [PMID: 37942891 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Late-stage functionalization (LSF) introduces functional group or structural modification at the final stage of the synthesis of natural products, drugs, and complex compounds. It is anticipated that late-stage functionalization would improve drug discovery's effectiveness and efficiency and hasten the creation of various chemical libraries. Consequently, late-stage functionalization of natural products is a productive technique to produce natural product derivatives, which significantly impacts chemical biology and drug development. Carbon-carbon bonds make up the fundamental framework of organic molecules. Compared with the carbon-carbon bond construction, the carbon-carbon bond activation can directly enable molecular editing (deletion, insertion, or modification of atoms or groups of atoms) and provide a more efficient and accurate synthetic strategy. However, the efficient and selective activation of unstrained carbon-carbon bonds is still one of the most challenging projects in organic synthesis. This review encompasses the strategies employed in recent years for carbon-carbon bond cleavage by explicitly focusing on their applicability in late-stage functionalization. This review expands the current discourse on carbon-carbon bond cleavage in late-stage functionalization reactions by providing a comprehensive overview of the selective cleavage of various types of carbon-carbon bonds. This includes C-C(sp), C-C(sp2), and C-C(sp3) single bonds; carbon-carbon double bonds; and carbon-carbon triple bonds, with a focus on catalysis by transition metals or organocatalysts. Additionally, specific topics, such as ring-opening processes involving carbon-carbon bond cleavage in three-, four-, five-, and six-membered rings, are discussed, and exemplar applications of these techniques are showcased in the context of complex bioactive molecules or drug discovery. This review aims to shed light on recent advancements in the field and propose potential avenues for future research in the realm of late-stage carbon-carbon bond functionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Feng Liang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Le-Yu Tang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Tian-Zhang Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Yu-Qiu Guan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Zengrui Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Minghui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jialiang Wei
- Changping Laboratory, Yard 28, Science Park Road, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Ning Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Changping Laboratory, Yard 28, Science Park Road, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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41
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Song F, Wang B, Shi ZJ. Transition-Metal-Catalyzed C-C Bond Formation from C-C Activation. Acc Chem Res 2023; 56:2867-2886. [PMID: 37882453 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.3c00230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
ConspectusC-C single bonds are ubiquitous in organic compounds. The activation and subsequent functionalization of C-C single bonds provide a unique opportunity to synthesize conventionally inaccessible molecules through the rearrangement of carbon skeletons, often with a favorable atom and step economy. However, the C-C bonds are thermodynamically and kinetically inert. Consequently, the activation of C-C bonds is particularly attractive yet challenging in the field of organic chemistry. In the past decade, we sought to develop efficient strategies to carry out transition-metal-catalyzed diverse C-C cleavage/C-C forming reactions and to obtain some insights into the intrinsic reactivities of different C-C bonds. With our efforts, readily available alcohols, carboxylic acids, and ketones served as suitable substrates for the catalytic C-C coupling reactions, which are reviewed in this Account. In 2009, we observed a Ni-catalyzed cross coupling of aryl nitriles with arylboronic esters through C-CN cleavage. Encouraged by these results, we are interested in transition-metal-catalyzed C-C bond activation. Due to their broad availability, we then turned our attention to C-C cleavage of carboxylic acids. Rhodium-catalyzed decarbonylative coupling of carboxylic acids with (hetero)arenes was then achieved through oxidative addition of in situ formed, more reactive mixed anhydrides to Rh(I) without the need for oxidants that are commonly required for the decarboxylative coupling of carboxylic acids. Subsequently, the decarbonylation of more challenging unstrained aryl ketones was realized under Rh catalysis assisted by N-containing directing groups. Following this work, a group exchange of aryl ketones with carboxylic acids was achieved through 2-fold C-C bond cleavage. By employing the chelation strategy, Rh-catalyzed C-C bond activation of secondary benzyl alcohols was also accomplished through β-carbon elimination of the rhodium alcoholate intermediates. The competing oxidation of secondary alcohols to ketones via β-hydrogen elimination of the same intermediates was suppressed as thermodynamically favorable five-membered rhodacycles are formed after β-carbon elimination. Different types of transformations of alcohols, including the Heck-type reaction with alkenes, cross coupling with arylsilanes, and Grignard-type addition with aldehydes or imines, have been achieved, showing the great potential of secondary alcohols in the formation of C-C bonds. These C-C bond-forming reactions are complementary to traditional cross couplings of aryl halides with organometallic reagents. However, these transformations produce small molecules as byproducts. To improve the atom economy, we then investigated C-C bond transformations of strained-ring cyclic compounds. Ni-catalyzed intermolecular cyclization of benzocyclobutenones with alkynes was recently achieved via the uncommon cleavage of the C1-C8 bond by employing a removable blocking strategy. Rh-catalyzed intramolecular annulation of benzocyclobutenols with alkynes was also achieved. In summary, our developments demonstrate the great potential of transition-metal-catalyzed C-C bond activation for the formation of new C-C bonds. To further expand the synthetic utility of C-C bond activation, more efforts are required to expand the substrate scope and to achieve earth-abundant metal-catalyzed transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feijie Song
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610066, P. R. China
| | - Biqin Wang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610066, P. R. China
| | - Zhang-Jie Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
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42
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Jha N, Mondal S, Kapur M. Site-selective ring opening of bicyclo[n.1.0]alkanols: an Fe(II)-catalyzed 1,6-conjugate addition to p-quinone methides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:12491-12494. [PMID: 37786391 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc04135b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report an efficient synthetic strategy for an Fe(ii)-catalyzed site-selective ring opening of bicyclo[n.1.0]alkanols and their concomitant 1,6-conjugate addition to p-quinone methides. Access to tertiary carbon centers with appendaged carbocycles of distinct sizes and functional groups are achieved, under a substrate-controlled bond scission of the fused cyclopropanols. Synthetic derivatizations further enhance the utility of the protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Jha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhauri, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhopal 462066, MP, India.
| | - Subhadip Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhauri, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhopal 462066, MP, India.
| | - Manmohan Kapur
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhauri, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhopal 462066, MP, India.
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43
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Kumar R, Banerjee N, Kumar P, Banerjee P. Electrochemical Synthesis and Reactivity of Three-Membered Strained Carbo- and Heterocycles. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301594. [PMID: 37436418 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Three-membered carbocyclic and heterocyclic ring structures are versatile synthetic building blocks in organic synthesis with biological importance. Moreover, the inherent strain of these three-membered rings leads to their ring-opening functionalization through C->C, C->N, and C-O bond cleavage. Traditional synthesis and ring-opening methods for these molecules require the use of acid catalysts or transition metals. Recently, electro-organic synthesis has emerged as a powerful tool for initiating new chemical transformations. In this review, the synthetic and mechanistic aspects of electro-mediated synthesis and ring-opening functionalization of three-membered carbo- and heterocycles are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar Lab No. 406
| | - Nakshatra Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar Lab No. 406
| | - Pankaj Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar Lab No. 406
| | - Prabal Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar Lab No. 406
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44
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Hong K, Zhou Y, Yuan H, Zhang Z, Huang J, Dong S, Hu W, Yu ZX, Xu X. Catalytic 4-exo-dig carbocyclization for the construction of furan-fused cyclobutanones and synthetic applications. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6378. [PMID: 37821471 PMCID: PMC10567718 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42032-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclobutanone is a strained motif with broad applications, while direct assembly of the aromatic ring fused cyclobutanones beyond benzocyclobutenone (BCB) skeletons remains challenging. Herein, we report a Rh-catalyzed formal [3+2] annulation of diazo group tethered alkynes involving a 4-exo-dig carbocyclization process, providing a straightforward access to furan-fused cyclobutanones. DFT calculations disclose that, by comparison to the competitive 5-endo-dig process, 4-exo-dig carbocyclization is mainly due to lower angle strain of the key sp-hybridized vinyl cationic transition state in the cyclization step. Using less reactive catalysts Rh2(carboxylate)4 is critical for high selectivity, which is explained as catalyst-substrate hydrogen bonding interaction. This method is proved successful to direct access previously inaccessible and unknown furan-fused cyclobutanone scaffolds, which can participate in a variety of post-functionalization reactions as versatile synthetic blocks. In addition, preliminary antitumor activity study of these products indicates that some molecules exhibite significant anticancer potency against different human cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kemiao Hong
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Haoxuan Yuan
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhijing Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Jingjing Huang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Shanliang Dong
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenhao Hu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhi-Xiang Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China.
| | - Xinfang Xu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China.
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45
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Breitwieser K, Dankert F, Grünwald A, Mayer PR, Heinemann FW, Munz D. Swift C-C bond insertion by a 12-electron palladium(0) surrogate. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:12104-12107. [PMID: 37728431 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc03964a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
The selective activation of C-C bonds holds vast promise for catalysis. So far, research has been primarily directed at rhodium and nickel under harsh reaction conditions. Herein, we report C-C insertion reactions of a 12-electron palladium(0) surrogate stabilized by a cyclic(alkyl)(amino) carbene (CAAC) ligand. Benzonitrile (1), biphenylene (2), benzocyclobutenone (3), and naphtho[b]cyclopropene (4) were studied. These substrates allow elucidation of the effect of ring strain as well as hybridization encompassing sp3, sp2 and sp hybridized carbon atoms. All reactions proceed quantitatively at or below room temperature. This work therefore outlines perspectives for mild C-C bond functionalization catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Breitwieser
- Coordination Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus C4.1, Saarbrücken D-66123, Germany.
| | - Fabian Dankert
- Coordination Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus C4.1, Saarbrücken D-66123, Germany.
| | - Annette Grünwald
- Coordination Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus C4.1, Saarbrücken D-66123, Germany.
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Inorganic and General Chemistry, Egerlandstr. 1, Erlangen D-91058, Germany
| | - Paula R Mayer
- Coordination Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus C4.1, Saarbrücken D-66123, Germany.
| | - Frank W Heinemann
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Inorganic and General Chemistry, Egerlandstr. 1, Erlangen D-91058, Germany
| | - Dominik Munz
- Coordination Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus C4.1, Saarbrücken D-66123, Germany.
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Inorganic and General Chemistry, Egerlandstr. 1, Erlangen D-91058, Germany
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46
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Kastrati A, Jaquier V, Garbo M, Besnard C, Mazet C. Pd-Catalyzed Regioselective Cyclopropanation of 2-Substituted 1,3-Dienes. ACS ORGANIC & INORGANIC AU 2023; 3:291-298. [PMID: 37810406 PMCID: PMC10557126 DOI: 10.1021/acsorginorgau.3c00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
A Pd-catalyzed 3,4-regioselective cyclopropanation of 2-substituted 1,3-dienes by decomposition of diazo esters is reported. The vinylcyclopropanes generated are isolated in practical chemical yields with high levels of regioselectivity but low diastereoselectivity. The system operates under mild reaction conditions, is scalable, and tolerates various sensitive functional groups. A series of original postcatalytic derivatizations is presented to highlight the synthetic potential of the catalytic method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agonist Kastrati
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest Ansermet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Jaquier
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest Ansermet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Michele Garbo
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest Ansermet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Céline Besnard
- Laboratory
of Crystallography, University of Geneva, 24 Quai Ernest Ansermet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Clément Mazet
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest Ansermet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
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47
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Basak S, Paul T, Punniyamurthy T. A redox-neutral weak carbonyl chelation assisted C4-H allylation of indoles with vinylcyclopropanes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:11568-11571. [PMID: 37682283 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc03614f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
A weak acyl chelation-assisted distal C4-H allylation of indoles has been accomplished using vinylcyclopropanes as an allylating agent under redox-neutral ruthenium(II) catalysis. The regioselectivity, removable directing group, substrate scope and diastereoselectivity are the important practical features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhajit Basak
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati-781039, India.
| | - Tripti Paul
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati-781039, India.
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48
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Zhao H, Zhao Y. Engaging Isatins and Amino Acids in Multicomponent One-Pot 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition Reactions-Easy Access to Structural Diversity. Molecules 2023; 28:6488. [PMID: 37764264 PMCID: PMC10536439 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28186488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Multicomponent reactions (MCRs) have undoubtedly emerged as the most indispensable tool for organic chemists worldwide, finding extensive utility in the synthesis of intricate natural products, heterocyclic molecules with significant bioactivity, and pharmaceutical agents. The multicomponent one-pot 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions, which were initially conceptualized by Rolf Huisgen in 1960, find extensive application in contemporary heterocyclic chemistry. In terms of green synthesis, the multicomponent 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition is highly favored owing to its numerous advantages, including high step- and atom-economies, remarkable product diversity, as well as excellent efficiency and diastereoselectivity. Among the numerous pieces of research, the most fascinating reaction involves the utilization of azomethine ylides generated from isatins and amino acids that can be captured by various dipolarophiles. This approach offers a highly efficient and convenient method for constructing spiro-pyrrolidine oxindole scaffolds, which are crucial building blocks in biologically active molecules. Consequently, this review delves deeper into the dipolarophiles utilized in the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of isatins and amino acids over the past six years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zhao
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Qian Xuesen Collaborative Research Center of Astrochemistry and Space Life Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
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49
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Eckart-Frank IK, Wilkerson-Hill SM. Palladium-Catalyzed Trans-Selective Synthesis of Spirocyclic Cyclobutanes Using α,α-Dialkylcrotyl- and Allylhydrazones. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:18591-18597. [PMID: 37552631 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c05699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we demonstrate the use of E/Z mixtures of α,α-disubstituted crotylhydrazones to obtain spirocyclic vinylcyclobutanes in a diastereoselective fashion. We show 24 examples of a 1,1-insertion/4-exo-trig tandem process to produce these motifs. Additionally, spirocyclic alkylidene cyclobutanes can be obtained by using α,α-disubstituted allylated hydrazones (11 examples). In this study, we show that the aryl migrating group has a dramatic impact on the course of the reaction. Specifically, allylic C-H insertion products can be obtained in good yields using bromoenones as reaction partners. When Pd(0) is used with no aryl or alkenyl bromide, an intramolecular cyclopropanation reaction takes place to afford [2.1.0]-bicycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaiah K Eckart-Frank
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Sidney M Wilkerson-Hill
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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50
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Xu L, Shi H. Ruthenium-Catalyzed Activation of Nonpolar C-C Bonds via π-Coordination-Enabled Aromatization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202307285. [PMID: 37379224 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202307285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Activation of C-C bonds allows editing of molecular skeletons, but methods for selective activation of nonpolar C-C bonds in the absence of a chelation effect or a driving force derived from opening of a strained ring are scarce. Herein, we report a method for ruthenium-catalyzed activation of nonpolar C-C bonds of pro-aromatic compounds by means of π-coordination-enabled aromatization. This method was effective for cleavage of C-C(alkyl) and C-C(aryl) bonds and for ring-opening of spirocyclic compounds, providing an array of benzene-ring-containing products. The isolation of a methyl ruthenium complex intermediate supports a mechanism involving ruthenium-mediated C-C bond cleavage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou, 310030, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Hang Shi
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou, 310030, Zhejiang Province, China
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
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