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Wegner KD, Resch-Genger U. The 2023 Nobel Prize in Chemistry: Quantum dots. Anal Bioanal Chem 2024; 416:3283-3293. [PMID: 38478110 PMCID: PMC11106203 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-024-05225-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
The 2023 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to Aleksey I. Ekimov (prize share 1/3), Louis E. Brus (prize share 1/3), and Moungi G. Bawendi (prize share 1/3) for groundbreaking inventions in the field of nanotechnology, i.e., for the discovery and synthesis of semiconductor nanocrystals, also termed quantum dots, that exhibit size-dependent physicochemical properties enabled by quantum size effects. This feature article summarizes the main milestones of the discoveries and developments of quantum dots that paved the road to their versatile applications in solid-state lighting, display technology, energy conversion, medical diagnostics, bioimaging, and image-guided surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- K David Wegner
- Division Biophotonics, Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Richard-Willstaetter-Straße 11, Berlin, 12489, Germany
| | - Ute Resch-Genger
- Division Biophotonics, Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Richard-Willstaetter-Straße 11, Berlin, 12489, Germany.
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Chen Y, Xu S, Fang Wen C, Zhang H, Zhang T, Lv F, Yue Y, Bian Z. Unravelling the Role of Free Radicals in Photocatalysis. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400001. [PMID: 38501217 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Free radicals are increasingly recognized as active intermediate reactive species that can participate in various redox processes, significantly influencing the mechanistic pathways of reactions. Numerous researchers have investigated the generation of one or more distinct photogenerated radicals, proposing various hypotheses to explain the reaction mechanisms. Notably, recent research has demonstrated the emergence of photogenerated radicals in innovative processes, including organic chemical reactions and the photocatalytic dissolution of precious metals. To harness the potential of these free radicals more effectively, it is imperative to consolidate and analyze the processes and action modes of these photogenerated radicals. This conceptual paper delves into the latest advancements in understanding the mechanics of photogenerated radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Shuyang Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Chun Fang Wen
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | | | - Ting Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Fujian Lv
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Qujing Normal University, Qujing, 655400, China
| | - Yinghong Yue
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Zhenfeng Bian
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
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Yan Y, Meng Y, Miu K, Wenk J, Anastasio C, Spinney R, Tang CJ, Xiao R. Direct Determination of Absolute Radical Quantum Yields in Hydroxyl and Sulfate Radical-Based Treatment Processes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:8966-8975. [PMID: 38722667 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c00246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
The absolute radical quantum yield (Φ ) is a critical parameter to evaluate the efficiency of radical-based processes in engineered water treatment. However, measuring Φ is fraught with challenges, as current quantification methods lack selectivity, specificity, and anti-interference capabilities, resulting in significant error propagation. Herein, we report a direct and reliable time-resolved technique to determine Φ at pH 7.0 for commonly used radical precursors in advanced oxidation processes. For H2O2 and peroxydisulfate (PDS), the values of Φ •OH and Φ SO 4 • - at 266 nm were measured to be 1.10 ± 0.01 and 1.46 ± 0.05, respectively. For peroxymonosulfate (PMS), we developed a new approach to determine Φ • OH PMS with terephthalic acid as a trap-and-trigger probe in the nonsteady state system. For the first time, the Φ • OH PMS value was measured to be 0.56 by the direct method, which is stoichiometrically equal to Φ SO 4 • - PMS (0.57 ± 0.02). Additionally, radical formation mechanisms were elucidated by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The theoretical results showed that the highest occupied molecular orbitals of the radical precursors are O-O antibonding orbitals, facilitating the destabilization of the peroxy bond for radical formation. Electronic structures of these precursors were compared, aiming to rationalize the tendency of the Φ values we observed. Overall, this time-resolved technique with specific probes can be used as a reliable tool to determine Φ , serving as a scientific basis for the accurate performance evaluation of diverse radical-based treatment processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqi Yan
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
- Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Yunxiang Meng
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
- Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Kanying Miu
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
- Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Jannis Wenk
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Water Innovation & Research Centre (WIRC@Bath), University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K
| | - Cort Anastasio
- Department of Land, Air, and Water Resource, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Richard Spinney
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Chong-Jian Tang
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
- Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Ruiyang Xiao
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
- Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha 410083, China
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Sedmidubská B, Kočišek J. Interaction of low-energy electrons with radiosensitizers. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:9112-9136. [PMID: 38376461 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp06003a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
We provide an experimentalist's perspective on the present state-of-the-art in the studies of low-energy electron interactions with common radiosensitizers, including compounds used in combined chemo-radiation therapy and their model systems. Low-energy electrons are important secondary species formed during the interaction of ionizing radiation with matter. Their role in the radiation chemistry of living organisms has become an important topic for more than 20 years. With the increasing number of works and reviews in the field, we would like to focus here on a very narrow area of compounds that have been shown to have radio-sensitizing properties on the one hand, and high reactivity towards low-energy electrons on the other hand. Gas phase experiments studying electron attachment to isolated molecules and environmental effects on reaction dynamics are reviewed for modified DNA components, nitroimidazoles, and organometallics. In the end, we provide a perspective on the future directions that may be important for transferring the fundamental knowledge about the processes induced by low-energy electrons into practice in the field of rational design of agents for concomitant chemo-radiation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbora Sedmidubská
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the CAS, Dolejškova 3, 182223 Prague, Czech Republic.
- Department of Nuclear Chemistry, Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Břehová 7, 11519 Prague, Czech Republic
- Institut de Chimie Physique, UMR 8000 CNRS and Faculté des sciences d'Orsay, Université Paris Saclay, F-91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Jaroslav Kočišek
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the CAS, Dolejškova 3, 182223 Prague, Czech Republic.
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Abstract
Endogenous photosensitizers play a critical role in both beneficial and harmful light-induced transformations in biological systems. Understanding their mode of action is essential for advancing fields such as photomedicine, photoredox catalysis, environmental science, and the development of sun care products. This review offers a comprehensive analysis of endogenous photosensitizers in human skin, investigating the connections between their electronic excitation and the subsequent activation or damage of organic biomolecules. We gather the physicochemical and photochemical properties of key endogenous photosensitizers and examine the relationships between their chemical reactivity, location within the skin, and the primary biochemical events following solar radiation exposure, along with their influence on skin physiology and pathology. An important take-home message of this review is that photosensitization allows visible light and UV-A radiation to have large effects on skin. The analysis presented here unveils potential causes for the continuous increase in global skin cancer cases and emphasizes the limitations of current sun protection approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erick L Bastos
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Frank H Quina
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnic School, University of São Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maurício S Baptista
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Lin W, Huang J, Guo S, Zhao M, Chen X, Shang Q, Zhang R, Liao G, Zheng J, Liao Y. A tunable fluorescent probe for superoxide anion detection during inflammation caused by Treponema pallidum. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:4523-4528. [PMID: 37161601 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb00747b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Syphilis, caused by Treponema pallidum (T. pallidum), is associated with the oxidative stress due to its inflammation-like symptom, and detecting the reactive oxygen species (ROS) is crucial for monitoring the infectious process. Herein, we design and synthesize a perylene-based tunable fluorescent probe, PerqdOH, which can detect endogenous O2˙- during T. pallidum infection. The fluorescence peak shifted from 540 nm to 750 nm with increasing O2˙- levels. Besides, both decreased green fluorescence and enhanced red fluorescence could be observed simultaneously during the in vitro infection, providing the real-time monitoring of intracellular O2˙- caused by T. pallidum. Furthermore, the probe exhibited a remarkable signal in the treponemal lesions on the back of a rabbit model. Taken together, our synthesized PerqdOH holds great potential for application in clarifying the infectious process caused by T. pallidum in real time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqiang Lin
- Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center for Infectious Diseases, Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510091, P. R. China.
| | - Jialin Huang
- Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center for Infectious Diseases, Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510091, P. R. China.
| | - Shuang Guo
- Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center for Infectious Diseases, Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510091, P. R. China.
| | - Meijiao Zhao
- Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center for Infectious Diseases, Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510091, P. R. China.
| | - Xu Chen
- Department of Infectious Disease, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, P. R. China
| | - Qiuping Shang
- Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center for Infectious Diseases, Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510091, P. R. China.
| | - Ruoyuan Zhang
- Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center for Infectious Diseases, Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510091, P. R. China.
| | - Guangfu Liao
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, P. R. China.
| | - Judun Zheng
- Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center for Infectious Diseases, Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510091, P. R. China.
| | - Yuhui Liao
- Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center for Infectious Diseases, Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510091, P. R. China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research, Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, P. R. China
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Yuan W, Wang F, Qu X, Wang S, Lei B, Shao J, Wang Q, Lin J, Wang W, Dong X. In situ rapid synthesis of hydrogels based on a redox initiator and persistent free radicals. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2023; 5:1999-2009. [PMID: 36998656 PMCID: PMC10044294 DOI: 10.1039/d3na00038a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The development of fast and economical hydrogel manufacturing methods is crucial for expanding the application of hydrogels. However, the commonly used rapid initiation system is not conducive to the performance of hydrogels. Therefore, the research focuses on how to improve the preparation speed of hydrogels and avoid affecting the properties of hydrogels. Herein, a redox initiation system with nanoparticle-stabilized persistent free radicals was introduced to rapidly synthesize high-performance hydrogels at room temperature. A redox initiator composed of vitamin C and ammonium persulfate rapidly provides hydroxyl radicals at room temperature. Simultaneously, three-dimensional nanoparticles can stabilize free radicals and prolong their lifetime, thereby increasing the free radical concentration and accelerating the polymerization rate. And casein enabled the hydrogel to achieve impressive mechanical properties, adhesion, and electrical conductivity. This method greatly facilitates the rapid and economical synthesis of high-performance hydrogels and presents broad application prospects in the field of flexible electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) Nanjing 211816 China
| | - Fangfang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) Nanjing 211816 China
| | - Xinyu Qu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) Nanjing 211816 China
| | - Siying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) Nanjing 211816 China
| | - Bing Lei
- School of Physical Science and Information Technology, Liaocheng University Liaocheng 252059 China
| | - Jinjun Shao
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) Nanjing 211816 China
| | - Qian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) Nanjing 211816 China
| | - Jianjian Lin
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266042 China
| | - Wenjun Wang
- School of Physical Science and Information Technology, Liaocheng University Liaocheng 252059 China
| | - Xiaochen Dong
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) Nanjing 211816 China
- School of Chemistry & Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University Xuzhou 221116 China
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Peng J, Du K, Sun J, Yang X, Wang X, Zhang X, Song G, Feng F. Photocatalytic Generation of Hydrogen Radical (H⋅) with GSH for Photodynamic Therapy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202214991. [PMID: 36537886 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202214991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
As a reactive hydrogen species, the hydrogen radical (H⋅) scarcely sees applications in tumor biological therapy due to the very limited bio-friendly sources of H⋅. In this work, we report that TAF can act as an organic photosensitizer as well as an efficient photocatalytic H⋅ generator with reduced glutathione (GSH) as a fuel. The photoactivation of TAF leads to cell death in two ways including triple amplification of oxidative stress via ferroptosis-apoptosis under normoxia and apoptosis through biological reductions under hypoxia. TAF presents excellent biosafety with ultrahigh photocytotoxicity index at an order of magnitude of 102 -103 on both normoxic and hypoxic cells. The in vitro data suggest that H⋅ therapy is promising to overcome the challenge of tumor hypoxia at low doses of both photocatalyst and light. In addition, the capability of near-infrared two-photon excitation would benefit broad biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlei Peng
- MOE Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials and Technology, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Ke Du
- MOE Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials and Technology, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Jian Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials and Technology, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China.,Current address: Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Xianli Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Xia Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials and Technology, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoran Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials and Technology, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Gang Song
- MOE Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials and Technology, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China.,Current address: Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Fude Feng
- MOE Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials and Technology, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
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Peng J, Du K, Sun J, Yang X, Wang X, Zhang X, Song G, Feng F. Photocatalytic Generation of Hydrogen Radical (H⋅) with GSH for Photodynamic Therapy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202214991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinlei Peng
- MOE Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials and Technology Department of Polymer Science and Engineering School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Jiangsu Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| | - Ke Du
- MOE Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials and Technology Department of Polymer Science and Engineering School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Jiangsu Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| | - Jian Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials and Technology Department of Polymer Science and Engineering School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Jiangsu Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
- Current address: Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Key Laboratory of Organic Solids Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Xianli Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Jiangsu Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| | - Xia Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials and Technology Department of Polymer Science and Engineering School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Jiangsu Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| | - Xiaoran Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials and Technology Department of Polymer Science and Engineering School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Jiangsu Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| | - Gang Song
- MOE Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials and Technology Department of Polymer Science and Engineering School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Jiangsu Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
- Current address: Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Key Laboratory of Organic Solids Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Fude Feng
- MOE Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials and Technology Department of Polymer Science and Engineering School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Jiangsu Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
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Kobayashi K, Ito YT, Kasu Y, Horitani M, Kozawa T. Intramolecular electron transfer from biopterin to Fe II-O 2 complex in nitric oxide synthases occurs at very different rates between bacterial and mammalian enzymes: Direct observation of a catalytically active intermediate. J Inorg Biochem 2023; 238:112035. [PMID: 36327499 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2022.112035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) is a cytochrome P450-type mono‑oxygenase that catalyzes the oxidation of L-arginine to nitric oxide. We previously observed that intramolecular electron transfer from biopterin to Fe2+-O2 in Deinococcus radiodurans NOS (DrNOS) using pulse radiolysis. However, the rate of electron transfer in DrNOS (2.2 × 103 s-1) contrasts with a reported corresponding rate (11 s-1) in a mammalian NOS determined using rapid freeze-quench (RFQ) EPR. We applied pulse radiolysis to Bacillus subtilis NOS (bsNOS) and to rat neural NOS oxygenase domain NOS (mNOS). Concurrently, RFQ EPR was used to trap a pterin radical during single-turnover enzyme reactions of the enzymes. By using the pulse radiolysis method, hydrated electrons (eaq-) reduced the heme iron of NOS enzymes. Subsequently, ferrous heme reacted with O2 to form a Fe2+-O2 intermediate. In the presence of pterin, the intermediate of bsNOS was found to convert to other intermediate in the time range of milliseconds. A similar process was determined to have occurred after pulse radiolysis of the pterin-bound mNOS, though the rate was much slower. The intermediates of all of the NOS enzymes further converted to the original ferric form in the time range of seconds. When using the RFQ method, pterin radicals were formed very rapidly in both DrNOS and bsNOS in the time range of milliseconds. In contrast, the pterin radical in mNOS was observed to form slowly, at a rate of ∼20 s-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuo Kobayashi
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Mihogaoka 8-1, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan.
| | - Yuko Tsutsui Ito
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Mihogaoka 8-1, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Yuri Kasu
- Department of Applied Biochemistry and Food Science, Saga University, Honjo-machi Saga, 840-8502, Japan
| | - Masaki Horitani
- Department of Applied Biochemistry and Food Science, Saga University, Honjo-machi Saga, 840-8502, Japan; The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kozawa
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Mihogaoka 8-1, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
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11
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Abou-Hamdan A, Mahler R, Grossenbacher P, Biner O, Sjöstrand D, Lochner M, Högbom M, von Ballmoos C. Functional design of bacterial superoxide:quinone oxidoreductase. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOENERGETICS 2022; 1863:148583. [PMID: 35671795 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2022.148583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The superoxide anion - molecular oxygen reduced by a single electron - is produced in large amounts by enzymatic and adventitious reactions. It can perform a range of cellular functions, including bacterial warfare and iron uptake, signalling and host immune response in eukaryotes. However, it also serves as precursor for more deleterious species such as the hydroxyl anion or peroxynitrite and defense mechanisms to neutralize superoxide are important for cellular health. In addition to the soluble proteins superoxide dismutase and superoxide reductase, recently the membrane embedded diheme cytochrome b561 (CybB) from E. coli has been proposed to act as a superoxide:quinone oxidoreductase. Here, we confirm superoxide and cellular ubiquinones or menaquinones as natural substrates and show that quinone binding to the enzyme accelerates the reaction with superoxide. The reactivity of the substrates is in accordance with the here determined midpoint potentials of the two b hemes (+48 and -23 mV / NHE). Our data suggest that the enzyme can work near the diffusion limit in the forward direction and can also catalyse the reverse reaction efficiently under physiological conditions. The data is discussed in the context of described cytochrome b561 proteins and potential physiological roles of CybB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Abou-Hamdan
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Roman Mahler
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Grossenbacher
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Biner
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zürich, 8008 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Dan Sjöstrand
- Stockholm center for Biomembrane Research, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Lochner
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Martin Högbom
- Stockholm center for Biomembrane Research, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christoph von Ballmoos
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
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Direct ionization-driven observational approaches for radical cation formation in solution for pulse radiolysis. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2022.110105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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13
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Lerner A, Meyerstein D, Blahman A, Saphier M, Yardeni G, Maimon E, Kornweitz H, Zilbermann I. On the reactions of Cu(II/I)ATP complexes with methyl radicals. J Inorg Biochem 2022; 234:111883. [PMID: 35717883 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2022.111883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The CuI/IIATP react with methyl radicals to form methane and methanol, where CuIATP reacts with •CH3 in a process that is surprisingly slow. The low-rate constant of this process is attributed to the significant rearrangement of the chelating ligand required for the transient's formation. These results were corroborated by DFT calculations of the relevant compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Lerner
- Chemistry Department, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel; Chemistry Department, Israel Atomic Energy Commission, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Dan Meyerstein
- Chemistry Department, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel; Department of Chemical Sciences, The Radical Research Center and the Schlesinger Family Center for Compact Accelerators, Radiation Sources and Application, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel.
| | - Alex Blahman
- Chemistry Department, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel; Chemistry Department, Israel Atomic Energy Commission, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Magal Saphier
- Chemistry Department, Nuclear Research Centre Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Guy Yardeni
- Chemistry Department, Nuclear Research Centre Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Eric Maimon
- Chemistry Department, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel; Chemistry Department, Nuclear Research Centre Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Haya Kornweitz
- Department of Chemical Sciences, The Radical Research Center and the Schlesinger Family Center for Compact Accelerators, Radiation Sources and Application, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Israel Zilbermann
- Chemistry Department, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel; Chemistry Department, Nuclear Research Centre Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.
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14
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Eady RR, Samar Hasnain S. New horizons in structure-function studies of copper nitrite reductase. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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15
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Kobayashi K, Igarashi J, Kozawa T. Interdomain Electron Transfer in Flavohemoglobin from
Candida norvegensis
with Antibiotic Azole Compounds. FEBS Lett 2022; 596:938-946. [DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuo Kobayashi
- Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research Osaka University Mihogaoka 8‐1 Ibaraki Osaka 567‐0047 Japan
| | - Jotaro Igarashi
- Fukushima Medical University Hikaraigaoka 1 Fukushima 960‐1295 Japan
| | - Takahiro Kozawa
- Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research Osaka University Mihogaoka 8‐1 Ibaraki Osaka 567‐0047 Japan
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16
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Avraham E, Meyerstein D, Lerner A, Yardeni G, Pevzner S, Zilbermann I, Moisy P, Maimon E, Popivker I. Reactions of methyl, hydroxyl and peroxyl radicals with the DOTA chelating agent used in medical imaging. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 180:134-142. [PMID: 34973364 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.12.313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism of reaction of DOTA (1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid) with ·CH3, CH3O2· and ·OH radicals were studied. The radicals were formed in situ radiolytically. The methyl radicals react orders of magnitude slower with DOTA and with MIII(DOTA)- than the hydroxyl radicals. The various final products were identified and mechanisms for their formation are proposed. CH3O2· radicals do not react, or react too slowly to be observed, with DOTA and with MIII(DOTA)- as long as the central cation is not oxidized by the peroxyl radical. The results imply that synthesis of the MIII(DOTA)-(MIII = radioisotope) complexes in a water-organic solvent (ethanol or 2-propanol or acetonitrile) mixture is not only kinetically desired but the so formed complex also decreases the radiolytic decomposition of DOTA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elad Avraham
- Chemistry Department, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Dan Meyerstein
- Department of Chemical Sciences, The Radical Research Center and the Schlesinger Family, Center for Compact Accelerators, Radiation Sources and Application, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel; Chemistry Department, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Ana Lerner
- Chemistry Department, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel; Israel Atomic Energy Commission, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Guy Yardeni
- Chemistry Department, Nuclear Research Centre Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Svetlana Pevzner
- Chemistry Department, Nuclear Research Centre Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Israel Zilbermann
- Chemistry Department, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel; Chemistry Department, Nuclear Research Centre Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Philippe Moisy
- CEA, DES, ISEC, DMRC, Univ Montpellier, Marcoule, France
| | - Eric Maimon
- Chemistry Department, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel; Chemistry Department, Nuclear Research Centre Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Inna Popivker
- Chemistry Department, Nuclear Research Centre Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.
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17
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Radiolysis Studies of Oxidation and Nitration of Tyrosine and Some Other Biological Targets by Peroxynitrite-Derived Radicals. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031797. [PMID: 35163717 PMCID: PMC8836854 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The widespread interest in free radicals in biology extends far beyond the effects of ionizing radiation, with recent attention largely focusing on reactions of free radicals derived from peroxynitrite (i.e., hydroxyl, nitrogen dioxide, and carbonate radicals). These radicals can easily be generated individually by reactions of radiolytically-produced radicals in aqueous solutions and their reactions can be monitored either in real time or by analysis of products. This review first describes the general principles of selective radical generation by radiolysis, the yields of individual species, the advantages and limitations of either pulsed or continuous radiolysis, and the quantitation of oxidizing power of radicals by electrode potentials. Some key reactions of peroxynitrite-derived radicals with potential biological targets are then discussed, including the characterization of reactions of tyrosine with a model alkoxyl radical, reactions of tyrosyl radicals with nitric oxide, and routes to nitrotyrosine formation. This is followed by a brief outline of studies involving the reactions of peroxynitrite-derived radicals with lipoic acid/dihydrolipoic acid, hydrogen sulphide, and the metal chelator desferrioxamine. For biological diagnostic probes such as ‘spin traps’ to be used with confidence, their reactivities with radical species have to be characterized, and the application of radiolysis methods in this context is also illustrated.
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18
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Photo- and Radiation-Induced One-Electron Oxidation of Methionine in Various Structural Environments Studied by Time-Resolved Techniques. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27031028. [PMID: 35164293 PMCID: PMC8915190 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27031028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidation of methionine (Met) is an important reaction that plays a key role in protein modifications during oxidative stress and aging. The first steps of Met oxidation involve the creation of very reactive and short-lived transients. Application of complementary time-resolved radiation and photochemical techniques (pulse radiolysis and laser flash photolysis together with time-resolved CIDNP and ESR techniques) allowed comparing in detail the one-electron oxidation mechanisms initiated either by ●OH radicals and other one-electron oxidants or the excited triplet state of the sensitizers e.g., 4-,3-carboxybenzophenones. The main purpose of this review is to present various factors that influence the character of the forming intermediates. They are divided into two parts: those inextricably related to the structures of molecules containing Met and those related to external factors. The former include (i) the protection of terminal amine and carboxyl groups, (ii) the location of Met in the peptide molecule, (iii) the character of neighboring amino acid other than Met, (iv) the character of the peptide chain (open vs cyclic), (v) the number of Met residues in peptide and protein, and (vi) the optical isomerism of Met residues. External factors include the type of the oxidant, pH, and concentration of Met-containing compounds in the reaction environment. Particular attention is given to the neighboring group participation, which is an essential parameter controlling one-electron oxidation of Met. Mechanistic aspects of oxidation processes by various one-electron oxidants in various structural and pH environments are summarized and discussed. The importance of these studies for understanding oxidation of Met in real biological systems is also addressed.
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19
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Zhong F, Alden SL, Hughes RP, Pletneva EV. Comparing Properties of Common Bioinorganic Ligands with Switchable Variants of Cytochrome c. Inorg Chem 2021; 61:1207-1227. [PMID: 34699724 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c02322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Ligand substitution at the metal center is common in catalysis and signal transduction of metalloproteins. Understanding the effects of particular ligands, as well as the polypeptide surrounding, is critical for uncovering mechanisms of these biological processes and exploiting them in the design of bioinspired catalysts and molecular devices. A series of switchable K79G/M80X/F82C (X = Met, His, or Lys) variants of cytochrome (cyt) c was employed to directly compare the stability of differently ligated proteins and activation barriers for Met, His, and Lys replacement at the ferric heme iron. Studies of these variants and their nonswitchable counterparts K79G/M80X have revealed stability trends Met < Lys < His and Lys < His < Met for the protein FeIII-X and FeII-X species, respectively. The differences in the hydrogen-bonding interactions in folded proteins and in solvation of unbound X in the unfolded proteins explain these trends. Calculations of free energy of ligand dissociation in small heme model complexes reveal that the ease of the FeIII-X bond breaking increases in the series amine < imidazole < thioether, mirroring trends in hardness of these ligands. Experimental rate constants for X dissociation in differently ligated cyt c variants are consistent with this sequence, but the differences between Met and His dissociation rates are attenuated because the former process is limited by the heme crevice opening. Analyses of activation parameters and comparisons to those for the Lys-to-Met ligand switch in the alkaline transition suggest that ligand dissociation is entropically driven in all the variants and accompanied by Lys protonation at neutral pH. The described thiolate redox-linked switches have offered a wealth of new information about interactions of different protein-derived ligands with the heme iron in cyt c model proteins, and we anticipate that the strategy of employing these switches could benefit studies of other redox metalloproteins and model complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Zhong
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
| | - Stephanie L Alden
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
| | - Russell P Hughes
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
| | - Ekaterina V Pletneva
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
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20
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Till NA, Oh S, MacMillan DWC, Bird MJ. The Application of Pulse Radiolysis to the Study of Ni(I) Intermediates in Ni-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Reactions. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:9332-9337. [PMID: 34128676 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c04652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Here we report the use of pulse radiolysis and spectroelectrochemistry to generate low-valent nickel intermediates relevant to synthetically important Ni-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions and interrogate their reactivities toward comproportionation and oxidative addition processes. Pulse radiolysis provided a direct means to generate singly reduced [(dtbbpy)NiBr], enabling the identification of a rapid Ni(0)/Ni(II) comproportionation process taking place under synthetically relevant electrolysis conditions. This approach also permitted the direct measurement of Ni(I) oxidative addition rates with electronically differentiated aryl iodide electrophiles (kOA = 1.3 × 104-2.4 × 105 M-1 s-1), an elementary organometallic step often proposed in nickel-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions. Together, these results hold implications for a number of Ni-catalyzed cross-coupling processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A Till
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Seokjoon Oh
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - David W C MacMillan
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Matthew J Bird
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
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21
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Lisovskaya A, Carmichael I, Harriman A. Pulse Radiolysis Investigation of Radicals Derived from Water-Soluble Cyanine Dyes: Implications for Super-resolution Microscopy. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:5779-5793. [PMID: 34165985 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c03776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Light-induced blinking, an inherent feature of many forms of super-resolution microscopy, has been linked to transient reduction of the fluorescent cyanine dye used as an imaging agent. There is, however, only scant literature information related to one-electron reduced cyanine dyes, especially in an aqueous environment. Here, we examine a small series of cyanine dyes, possessing disparate π-conjugation lengths, under selective reducing or oxidizing conditions. The experiment allows recording of both differential absorption spectra and decay kinetics of the resultant one-electron reduced or oxidized transient species in water. Relative to the ground state, absorption transitions for the various radicals are weak and somewhat broadened but do allow correlation with the π-conjugation length. In all cases, absorption maxima lie to the blue of the main ground-state transition. Under anaerobic conditions, the transient species decay on the microsecond to millisecond time scale, with the mean lifetime depending on molecular structure, radiation dose, and dye concentration. The experimental absorption spectra recorded for the one-electron reduced radicals and the presumed dimer cation radical compare well to spectra obtained from time-dependent density functional theory calculations. The results allow conclusions to be drawn regarding the plausibility of the reduced species being responsible for light-induced blinking in direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Lisovskaya
- Notre Dame Radiation Laboratory, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Ian Carmichael
- Notre Dame Radiation Laboratory, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Anthony Harriman
- Molecular Photonics Laboratory, Bedson Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
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22
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Kobayashi K, Kim J, Fukuda Y, Kozawa T, Inoue T. Fields, biochemistry fast autooxidation of a Bis-Histidyl-ligated globin from the anhydrobiotic tardigrade, ramazzottius varieornatus, by molecular oxygen. J Biochem 2021; 169:663-673. [PMID: 33479760 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvab003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Tardigrades, a phylum of meiofaunal organisms, exhibit extraordinary tolerance to various environmental conditions, including extreme temperatures (-272 to 151 °C) and exposure to ionizing radiation. Proteins from anhydrobiotic tardigrades with homology to known proteins from other organisms are new potential targets for structural genomics. Recently, we reported spectroscopic and structural characterization of a hexacoordinated hemoglobin (Kumaglobin [Kgb]) found in an anhydrobiotic tardigrade. In the absence of its exogenous ligand, Kgb displays hexacoordination with distal and proximal histidines. In this work, we analyzed binding of the molecular oxygen ligand following reduction of heme in Kgb using a pulse radiolysis technique. Radiolytically generated hydrated electrons (eaq-) reduced the heme iron of Kgb within 20 µs. Subsequently, ferrous heme reacted with O2 to form a ferrous-dioxygen intermediate with a second-order rate constant of 3.0 × 106 M-1 s-1. The intermediate was rapidly (within 0.1 s) autooxidized to the ferric form. Redox potential measurements revealed an E'0 of -400 mV (vs. SHE) in the ferric/ferrous couple. Our results suggest that Kgb may serve as a physiological generator of O2·- via redox signaling and/or electron transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuo Kobayashi
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Mihogaoka 8-1, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - JeeEun Kim
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Yohta Fukuda
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kozawa
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Mihogaoka 8-1, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Inoue
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
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23
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Sun J, Cai X, Wang C, Du K, Chen W, Feng F, Wang S. Cascade Reactions by Nitric Oxide and Hydrogen Radical for Anti-Hypoxia Photodynamic Therapy Using an Activatable Photosensitizer. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:868-878. [PMID: 33417765 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c10517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Organelle-targeted activatable photosensitizers are attractive to improve the specificity and controllability of photodynamic therapy (PDT), however, they suffer from a big problem in the photoactivity under both normoxia and hypoxia due to the limited diversity of phototoxic species (mainly reactive oxygen species). Herein, by effectively photocaging a π-conjugated donor-acceptor (D-A) structure with an N-nitrosamine substituent, we established a unimolecular glutathione and light coactivatable photosensitizer, which achieved its high performance PDT effect by targeting mitochondria through both type I and type II (dual type) reactions as well as secondary radicals-participating reactions. Of peculiar interest, hydrogen radical (H•) was detected by electron spin resonance technique. The generation pathway of H• via reduction of proton and its role in type I reaction were discussed. We demonstrated that the synergistic effect of multiple reactive species originated from tandem cascade reactions comprising reduction of O2 by H• to form O2•-/HO2• and downstream reaction of O2•- with •NO to yield ONOO-. With a relatively large two-photon absorption cross section for photoexcitation in the near-infrared region (166 ± 22 GM at 800 nm) and fluorogenic property, the new photosensitizing system is very promising for broad biomedical applications, particularly low-light dose PDT, in both normoxic and hypoxic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Sun
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Xuetong Cai
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Chengjun Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, P. R. China
| | - Ke Du
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Weijian Chen
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China.,Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Fude Feng
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Shu Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
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24
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Derr JB, Tamayo J, Clark JA, Morales M, Mayther MF, Espinoza EM, Rybicka-Jasińska K, Vullev VI. Multifaceted aspects of charge transfer. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:21583-21629. [PMID: 32785306 PMCID: PMC7544685 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp01556c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Charge transfer and charge transport are by far among the most important processes for sustaining life on Earth and for making our modern ways of living possible. Involving multiple electron-transfer steps, photosynthesis and cellular respiration have been principally responsible for managing the energy flow in the biosphere of our planet since the Great Oxygen Event. It is impossible to imagine living organisms without charge transport mediated by ion channels, or electron and proton transfer mediated by redox enzymes. Concurrently, transfer and transport of electrons and holes drive the functionalities of electronic and photonic devices that are intricate for our lives. While fueling advances in engineering, charge-transfer science has established itself as an important independent field, originating from physical chemistry and chemical physics, focusing on paradigms from biology, and gaining momentum from solar-energy research. Here, we review the fundamental concepts of charge transfer, and outline its core role in a broad range of unrelated fields, such as medicine, environmental science, catalysis, electronics and photonics. The ubiquitous nature of dipoles, for example, sets demands on deepening the understanding of how localized electric fields affect charge transfer. Charge-transfer electrets, thus, prove important for advancing the field and for interfacing fundamental science with engineering. Synergy between the vastly different aspects of charge-transfer science sets the stage for the broad global impacts that the advances in this field have.
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Affiliation(s)
- James B Derr
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
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25
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Calvo R, Le Tellier A, Nauser T, Rombach D, Nater D, Katayev D. Synthesis, Characterization, and Reactivity of a Hypervalent-Iodine-Based Nitrooxylating Reagent. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:17162-17168. [PMID: 32530081 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202005720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Herein, the synthesis and characterization of a hypervalent-iodine-based reagent that enables a direct and selective nitrooxylation of enolizable C-H bonds to access a broad array of organic nitrate esters is reported. This compound is bench stable, easy-to-handle, and delivers the nitrooxy (-ONO2 ) group under mild reaction conditions. Activation of the reagent by Brønsted and Lewis acids was demonstrated in the synthesis of nitrooxylated β-keto esters, 1,3-diketones, and malonates, while its activity under photoredox catalysis was shown in the synthesis of nitrooxylated oxindoles. Detailed mechanistic studies including pulse radiolysis, Stern-Volmer quenching studies, and UV/Vis spectroelectrochemistry reveal a unique single-electron-transfer (SET)-induced concerted mechanistic pathway not reliant upon generation of the nitrate radical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxan Calvo
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Antoine Le Tellier
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, Quai Ernest Ansermet 30, 1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Nauser
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - David Rombach
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Darryl Nater
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Dmitry Katayev
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
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26
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Calvo R, Le Tellier A, Nauser T, Rombach D, Nater D, Katayev D. Synthese, Charakterisierung und Reaktivität eines Nitrooxylierungsreagenzes basierend auf einer hypervalenten Iodverbindung. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202005720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roxan Calvo
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences Swiss Federal Institute of Technology ETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2 8093 Zürich Schweiz
| | - Antoine Le Tellier
- Department of Organic Chemistry University of Geneva Quai Ernest Ansermet 30 1211 Geneva 4 Schweiz
| | - Thomas Nauser
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences Swiss Federal Institute of Technology ETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2 8093 Zürich Schweiz
| | - David Rombach
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences Swiss Federal Institute of Technology ETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2 8093 Zürich Schweiz
| | - Darryl Nater
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences Swiss Federal Institute of Technology ETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2 8093 Zürich Schweiz
| | - Dmitry Katayev
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences Swiss Federal Institute of Technology ETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2 8093 Zürich Schweiz
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27
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Xu S, Draksharapu A, Rasheed W, Que L. Acid pKa Dependence in O–O Bond Heterolysis of a Nonheme FeIII–OOH Intermediate To Form a Potent FeV═O Oxidant with Heme Compound I-Like Reactivity. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:16093-16107. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b08442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuangning Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Metals in Biocatalysis, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Apparao Draksharapu
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Metals in Biocatalysis, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Waqas Rasheed
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Metals in Biocatalysis, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Lawrence Que
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Metals in Biocatalysis, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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