1
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Chen J, Wei WT, Li Z, Lu Z. Metal-catalyzed Markovnikov-type selective hydrofunctionalization of terminal alkynes. Chem Soc Rev 2024. [PMID: 38904176 DOI: 10.1039/d4cs00167b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Metal-catalyzed highly Markovnikov-type selective hydrofunctionalization of terminal alkynes provides a straightforward and atom-economical route to access 1,1-disubstituted alkenes, which have a wide range of applications in organic synthesis. However, the highly Markovnikov-type selective transformations are challenging due to the electronic and steric effects during the addition process. With the development of metal-catalyzed organic synthesis, different metal catalysts have been developed to solve this challenge, especially for platinum group metal catalysts. In this perspective, we review homogeneous metal-catalyzed Markovnikov-type selective hydrofunctionalization of terminal alkynes according to the classified element types as well as reaction mechanisms. Future avenues for investigation are also presented to help expand this exciting field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieping Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.
| | - Wen-Ting Wei
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Zhejiang, 315211, China
| | - Zhuocheng Li
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.
| | - Zhan Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.
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2
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White NM, Waldie KM. Electrocatalytic formate and alcohol oxidation by hydride transfer at first-row transition metal complexes. Dalton Trans 2024. [PMID: 38896286 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt04304e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
The electrocatalytic oxidation of carbon-based liquid fuels, such as formic acid and alcohols, has important applications for our renewable energy transition. Molecular electrocatalysts based on transition metal complexes provide the opportunity to explore the interplay between precise catalyst design and electrocatalytic activity. Recent advances have seen the development of first-row transition metal electrocatalysts for these transformations that operate via hydride transfer between the substrate and catalyst. In this Frontier article, we present the key contributions to this field and discuss the proposed mechanisms for each case. These studies also reveal the remaining challenges for formate and alcohol oxidation with first-row transition metal systems, for which we provide perspectives on future directions for next-generation electrocatalyst design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navar M White
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA.
| | - Kate M Waldie
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA.
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3
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Singh T, Chakraborty S. Molybdenum-catalyzed hydrogenation of carbon dioxide, bicarbonate, and inorganic carbonates to formates. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:10244-10249. [PMID: 38829152 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt00916a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we report the hydrogenation of carbon dioxide to sodium formate catalyzed by low-valent molybdenum phosphine complexes. The 1,3-bis(diphenylphosphino)propane (DPPP)-based Mo complex was found to be an efficient catalyst in the presence of NaOH affording formate with a TON of 975 at 130 °C in THF/H2O after 24 h utilizing 40 bar (CO2 : H2 = 10 : 30) pressure. The complex was also active in the hydrogenation of sodium bicarbonate and inorganic carbonates to the corresponding formates. Mechanistic investigation revealed that the reaction proceeded via an intermediate formato complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tushar Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Karwar, Jodhpur, 342037, Rajasthan, India.
| | - Subrata Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Karwar, Jodhpur, 342037, Rajasthan, India.
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4
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Karnbrock SBH, Golz C, Alcarazo M. P(V)-bis(amidophenolate) ligand cooperation: stoichiometric CO-bond cleavage in aldehydes and ketones. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024. [PMID: 38864327 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc02202e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
The cooperation between a geometrically constrained, highly electrophilic phosphorus(V) center, and an electronically rich tetradentate bis(amidophenolate) ligand enables the cleavage of the CO bond from typical aldehydes and ketones delivering iminio phosphoramidate species. The amphiphilic nature of these products, which is demonstrated through their reaction with typical Lewis acids and bases, enables their use as a mild source of silylium cations from silanes, allowing the selective reductive coupling of aldehydes to ethers under catalytic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon B H Karnbrock
- Institute of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Christopher Golz
- Institute of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Manuel Alcarazo
- Institute of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
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5
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Neshat A, Mousavizadeh Mobarakeh A, Yousefshahi MR, Varmaghani F, Dusek M, Eigner V, Kucerakova M. Introducing Novel Redox-Active Bis(phenolate) N-Heterocyclic Carbene Proligands: Investigation of Their Coordination to Fe(II)/Fe(III) and Their Catalytic Activity in Transfer Hydrogenation of Carbonyl Compounds. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:25135-25145. [PMID: 38882110 PMCID: PMC11170717 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c02602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
A simple and efficient procedure for synthesizing novel pincer-type tridentate N-heterocyclic carbene bisphenolate ligands is reported. The synthesis of pincer proligands with N,N'-disubstituted imidazoline core, 5 and 6, was carried out via triethylorthoformate-promoted cyclization of either N,N'-bis(2-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert-butylphenyl)cyclohexanediamine, 3, or N,N'-bis(2-hydroxyphenyl)cyclohexanediamine, 4, in the presence of concentrated hydrochloric acid. Cyclic voltammograms of the ligands revealed ligand-centered redox activity, indicating the noninnocent nature of the ligands. The voltammograms of the ligands exhibit two successive one-electron oxidations and two consecutive one-electron reductions. In contrast to previous reports, the redox-active ligands in this study exhibit one-electron oxidation and reduction processes. All products were thoroughly characterized by using 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The base-promoted deprotonation of the proligands and subsequent reaction with iron(II) and iron(III) chlorides yielded compounds 7 and 8. These compounds are binuclear and tetranuclear iron(III) complexes that do not contain carbene functional groups. Complexes 7 and 8 were characterized by using elemental analysis and single-crystal X-ray crystallography. At low catalyst loadings, both 7 and 8 exhibited high catalytic activity in the transfer hydrogenation of selected aldehydes and ketones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdollah Neshat
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), 444 Prof. Sobouti Blvd., Gava Zang, Zanjan 45137-66731, Iran
| | - Ali Mousavizadeh Mobarakeh
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), 444 Prof. Sobouti Blvd., Gava Zang, Zanjan 45137-66731, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Yousefshahi
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), 444 Prof. Sobouti Blvd., Gava Zang, Zanjan 45137-66731, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Varmaghani
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), 444 Prof. Sobouti Blvd., Gava Zang, Zanjan 45137-66731, Iran
| | - Michal Dusek
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Slovance 2, 18221 Prague 8, The Czech Republic
| | - Vaclav Eigner
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Slovance 2, 18221 Prague 8, The Czech Republic
| | - Monika Kucerakova
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Slovance 2, 18221 Prague 8, The Czech Republic
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6
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Koranchalil S, Lobo Justo Pinheiro D, Padilla R, Nielsen M. Homogeneous Catalyzed Direct Conversion of Furfural to Gamma-Valerolactone. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024; 17:e202301608. [PMID: 38415323 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202301608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we report the direct conversion of biomass-derived furfural to γ-valerolactone (GVL) in a one-pot system, using the combination of Ru-MACHO-BH and a Brønsted acid (H3PO4). A GVL yield of 84 % is achieved under mild reaction conditions using 1 mol% of Ru-MACHO-BH and 3.8 M H3PO4(aq) at 100 °C for 7 hours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakhitha Koranchalil
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Kemitorvet 207, DK-2800, Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Rosa Padilla
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Kemitorvet 207, DK-2800, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Martin Nielsen
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Kemitorvet 207, DK-2800, Lyngby, Denmark
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7
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Huang FR, Yao QJ, Zhang P, Teng MY, Chen JH, Jiang LC, Shi BF. Cobalt-Catalyzed Domino Transformations via Enantioselective C-H Activation/Nucleophilic [3 + 2] Annulation toward Chiral Bridged Bicycles. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:15576-15586. [PMID: 38753821 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c04623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Selective synthesis of chiral bridged (hetero)bicyclic scaffolds via asymmetric C-H activation constitutes substantial challenges due to the multiple reactivities of strained bicyclic structures. Herein, we develop the domino transformations through an unprecedented cobalt-catalyzed enantioselective C-H activation/nucleophilic [3 + 2] annulation with symmetrical bicyclic alkenes. The methods offer straightforward access to a wide range of chiral molecules bearing [2.2.1]-bridged bicyclic cores with four and five consecutive stereocenters in a single step. Two elaborate salicyloxazoline (Salox) ligands were synthesized based on the rational design and mechanistic understanding. The well-defined chiral pockets generated from asymmetric coordination around the trivalent cobalt catalyst direct the orientation of bicyclic alkenes, leading to excellent enantioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan-Rui Huang
- Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Qi-Jun Yao
- Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Ming-Ya Teng
- Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Jia-Hao Chen
- Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Lu-Chen Jiang
- Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Bing-Feng Shi
- Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
- College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314001, China
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8
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Birchall N, Nieger M, Gudat D. The Noble Addendum of a Phosphenium Ligand to a Base Metal: Coordination, Activation, and Hydrogenation of Alkenes and Alkynes on a Chromium Complex. Chempluschem 2024; 89:e202400144. [PMID: 38517052 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202400144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
The synthesis of a new bis-NHP complex (NHP=N-heterocyclic phosphenium) of chromium via salt metathesis and studies of its reactivity are reported. Photochemical reactions with H2 and selected olefins give rise to non-isolable H2- and π-alkene complexes identified spectroscopically, while internal alkynes react via activation of the triple bond to yield isolable metalla-phospha-cyclobutenes characterized by spectroscopic and XRD data. DFT studies give a preliminary account of the bonding in H2- and alkene-complexes and explain the different reactivity towards alkenes and alkynes as the consequence of kinetic effects. Photolysis of the bis-NHP-complex in the presence of H2 and olefins or alkenes enables the catalytic hydrogenation of the organic substrates, while the π-ethene complex mediates the catalytic hydrogenation of ethene in a dark reaction. The similarities and differences between both catalytic processes are shortly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Birchall
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70550, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Martin Nieger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O Box 55, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Dietrich Gudat
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70550, Stuttgart, Germany
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9
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Dey K, de Ruiter G. Chemoselective Hydrogenation of α,β-Unsaturated Ketones Catalyzed by a Manganese(I) Hydride Complex. Org Lett 2024; 26:4173-4177. [PMID: 38738936 PMCID: PMC11129310 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Here, we report the chemoselective hydrogenation of α,β-unsaturated ketones catalyzed by a well-defined Mn(I) PCNHCP pincer complex [(PCNHCP)Mn(CO)2H] (1). The reaction is compatible with a wide variety of functional groups that include halides, esters, amides, nitriles, nitro, alkynes, and alkenes, and for most substrates occurs readily at ambient hydrogen pressure (1-2 bar). Mechanistic studies and deuterium labeling experiments reveal a non-cooperative mechanism, which is further discussed in this report.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kartick Dey
- Schulich
Faculty of Chemistry, Technion −
Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, 3200008 Haifa, Israel
| | - Graham de Ruiter
- Schulich
Faculty of Chemistry, Technion −
Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, 3200008 Haifa, Israel
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10
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Hou C, Liu Z, Gan L, Fan W, Huang L, Chen P, Huang Z, Liu G. Palladium-Catalyzed Remote Hydrosulfonamidation of Alkenes: Access to Primary N-Alkyl Sulfamides by the SuFEx Reaction. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:13536-13545. [PMID: 38693624 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c03283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we establish a remote hydrosulfonamidation (HSA) of alkenes using palladium catalysis, where N-fluoro-N-(fluoro-sulfonyl)-carbamate with a sulfur(VI) fluoride moiety is demonstrated as a good amidation reagent. The anti-Markovnikov HSA reaction of terminal alkenes and the remote HSA of internal alkenes are achieved to efficiently yield primary N-alkyl-N-(fluorosulfonyl)-carbamates. In addition, this protocol enables the high-value utilization of alkane by combining the dehydrogenation process. The generated N-alkyl products exhibit a unique reactivity of sulfur(VI) fluorides, which can be directly transferred to N-alkyl sulfamides or amines via the sulfur(VI) fluoride exchange reaction, thereby streamlining their synthesis. Moreover, a (pyridyl) benzazole-type ligand proved to be vital for the excellent chemo- and regioselectivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanqi Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry and Shanghai Hongkong Joint Laboratory in Chemical Synthesis, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhenye Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Lan Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry and Shanghai Hongkong Joint Laboratory in Chemical Synthesis, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wenzheng Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry and Shanghai Hongkong Joint Laboratory in Chemical Synthesis, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry and Shanghai Hongkong Joint Laboratory in Chemical Synthesis, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Pinhong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry and Shanghai Hongkong Joint Laboratory in Chemical Synthesis, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zheng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry and Shanghai Hongkong Joint Laboratory in Chemical Synthesis, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Guosheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry and Shanghai Hongkong Joint Laboratory in Chemical Synthesis, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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11
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Srivastava N, Singh AK. Protic- or anionic-NHCs with a classical-NHC in a single [Ru(CNC)(PPh 3) 2Cl]Cl pincer complex: direct comparison of structure & electronic properties and heterolytic H 2 splitting. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:6870-6874. [PMID: 38597195 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt00623b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we report the first set of pincer complexes 1 and 2 with the general formula [Ru(CNC)(PPh3)2Cl]Cl having a protic- and classical-NHC in the same molecule and nearly identical environments. Deprotonation of the protic-NHC complex 2 with one equivalent of base leads to the formation of anionic-NHC complex 2'. These complexes allow a direct comparison of protic- and anionic-NHCs with the classical-NHC ligand. A comparison of the molecular structure indicated that the metal carbene bond length trend is anionic-NHC > protic-NHC > classical-NHC. The electrochemical investigation revealed the electron donation tendency is classical-NHC > protic-NHC and anionic-NHC > protic-NHC. Cooperation between the metal and the ligand is indicated by the reaction of 2' with H2 gas at 1 atm pressure and 110 °C to give the Ru-hydride complex 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navdeep Srivastava
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology-Indore, Simrol, Khandwa Road, 433552, India.
| | - Amrendra K Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology-Indore, Simrol, Khandwa Road, 433552, India.
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12
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Mondal S, Chakraborty S, Khanra S, Chakraborty S, Pal S, Brandão P, Paul ND. A Phosphine-Free Air-Stable Mn(II)-Catalyst for Sustainable Synthesis of Quinazolin-4(3 H)-ones, Quinolines, and Quinoxalines in Water. J Org Chem 2024; 89:5250-5265. [PMID: 38554095 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
The synthesis, characterization, and catalytic application of a new phosphine-free, well-defined, water-soluble, and air-stable Mn(II)-catalyst [Mn(L)(H2O)2Cl](Cl) ([1]Cl) featuring a 1,10-phenanthroline based tridentate pincer ligand, 2-(1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-1,10-phenanthroline (L), in dehydrogenative functionalization of alcohols to various N-heterocycles such as quinazolin-4(3H)-ones, quinolines, and quinoxalines are reported here. A wide array of multisubstituted quinazolin-4(3H)-ones were prepared in water under air following two pathways via the dehydrogenative coupling of alcohols with 2-aminobenzamides and 2-aminobenzonitriles, respectively. 2-Aminobenzyl alcohol and ketones bearing active methylene group were used as coupling partners for synthesizing quinoline derivatives, and various quinoxaline derivatives were prepared by coupling vicinal diols and 1,2-diamines. In all cases, the reaction proceeded smoothly using our Mn(II)-catalyst [1]Cl in water under air, affording the desired N-heterocycles in satisfactory yields starting from cheap and readily accessible precursors. Gram-scale synthesis of the compounds indicates the industrial relevance of our synthetic strategy. Control experiments were performed to understand and unveil the plausible reaction mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sucheta Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Botanic Garden, Howrah, Shibpur 711103, India
| | - Subhajit Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Botanic Garden, Howrah, Shibpur 711103, India
| | - Subhankar Khanra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Botanic Garden, Howrah, Shibpur 711103, India
| | - Santana Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Botanic Garden, Howrah, Shibpur 711103, India
| | - Shrestha Pal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Botanic Garden, Howrah, Shibpur 711103, India
| | - Paula Brandão
- Departamento de Química/CICECO, Instituto de Materiais de Aveiro, Universidade de Aveiro, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Nanda D Paul
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Botanic Garden, Howrah, Shibpur 711103, India
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13
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Gulyaeva ES, Buhaibeh R, Boundor M, Azouzi K, Willot J, Bastin S, Duhayon C, Lugan N, Filippov OA, Sortais JB, Valyaev DA, Canac Y. Impact of the Methylene Bridge Substitution in Chelating NHC-Phosphine Mn(I) Catalyst for Ketone Hydrogenation. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202304201. [PMID: 38314964 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202304201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Systematic modification of the chelating NHC-phosphine ligand (NHC = N-heterocyclic carbene) in highly efficient ketone hydrogenation Mn(I) catalyst fac-[(Ph2PCH2NHC)Mn(CO)3Br] has been performed and the catalytic activity of the resulting complexes was evaluated using acetophenone as a benchmark substrate. While the variation of phosphine and NHC moieties led to inferior results than for a parent system, the incorporation of a phenyl substituent into the ligand methylene bridge improved catalytic performance by ca. 3 times providing maximal TON values in the range of 15000-20000. Mechanistic investigation combining experimental and computational studies allowed to rationalize this beneficial effect as an enhanced stabilization of reaction intermediates including anionic hydride species fac-[(Ph2PC(Ph)NHC)Mn(CO)3H]- playing a crucial role in the hydrogenation process. These results highlight the interest of such carbon bridge substitution strategy being rarely employed in the design of chemically non-innocent ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina S Gulyaeva
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077, Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds (INEOS), Russian Academy of Sciences, 28/1 Vavilov str., GSP-1, B-334, Moscow, 119334, Russia
| | - Ruqaya Buhaibeh
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077, Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Mohamed Boundor
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077, Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Karim Azouzi
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077, Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Jérémy Willot
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077, Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Stéphanie Bastin
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077, Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Carine Duhayon
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077, Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Noël Lugan
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077, Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Oleg A Filippov
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds (INEOS), Russian Academy of Sciences, 28/1 Vavilov str., GSP-1, B-334, Moscow, 119334, Russia
| | - Jean-Baptiste Sortais
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077, Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, 1 rue Descartes, 75231, Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - Dmitry A Valyaev
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077, Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Yves Canac
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077, Toulouse Cedex 4, France
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14
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Ferrer-Bru C, Ferrer J, Passarelli V, Lahoz FJ, García-Orduña P, Carmona D. Molecular Dihydrogen Activation by (C 5Me 5)M/N (M=Rh, Ir) Transition Metal Frustrated Lewis Pairs: Reversible Proton Migration to, and Proton Abstraction from, the C 5Me 5 Ligand. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202304140. [PMID: 38323731 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202304140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
The masked transition-metal frustrated Lewis pairs [Cp*M(κ3N,N',N''-L)][SbF6] (Cp*=η5-C5Me5; M=Ir, 1, Rh, 2; HL=pyridinyl-amidine ligand) reversibly activate H2 under mild conditions rendering the hydrido derivatives [Cp*MH(κ2N,N'-HL)][SbF6] observed as a mixture of the E and Z isomers at the amidine C=N bond (M=Ir, 3Z, 3E; M=Rh, 4Z, 4E). DFT calculations indicate that the formation of the E isomers follows a Grotthuss type mechanism in the presence of water. A mixture of Rh(I) isomers of formula [(Cp*H)Rh(κ2N,N'-HL)][SbF6] (5 a-d) is obtained by reductive elimination of Cp*H from 4. The formation of 5 a-d was elucidated by means of DFT calculations. Finally, when 2 reacts with D2, the Cp* and Cp*H ligands of the resulting rhodium complexes 4 and 5, respectively, are deuterated as a result of a reversible hydrogen abstraction from the Cp* ligand and D2 activation at rhodium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Ferrer-Bru
- Departamento de Catálisis y Procesos Catalíticos, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC - Universidad de Zaragoza, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Joaquina Ferrer
- Departamento de Catálisis y Procesos Catalíticos, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC - Universidad de Zaragoza, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Vincenzo Passarelli
- Departamento de Catálisis y Procesos Catalíticos, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC - Universidad de Zaragoza, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Fernando J Lahoz
- Departamento de Catálisis y Procesos Catalíticos, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC - Universidad de Zaragoza, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Pilar García-Orduña
- Departamento de Catálisis y Procesos Catalíticos, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC - Universidad de Zaragoza, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Daniel Carmona
- Departamento de Catálisis y Procesos Catalíticos, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC - Universidad de Zaragoza, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
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15
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Karjee P, Debnath B, Mandal S, Saha S, Punniyamurthy T. One-pot C-N/C-C bond formation and oxidation of donor-acceptor cyclopropanes with tetrahydroisoquinolines: access to benzo-fused indolizines. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:4068-4071. [PMID: 38506143 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc00810c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
One-pot C-N/C-C bond formation of donor-acceptor cyclopropanes (DACs) with tetrahydroisoquinolines (THIQs) has been achieved to furnish benzo-fused indolizines. These reactions involve a MgI2-catalyzed ring opening of DACs and oxidative annulation using Mn(OAc)3·2H2O. The substrate scope and functional group diversity are the important practical features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallab Karjee
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati-781039, India.
| | - Bijoy Debnath
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati-781039, India.
| | - Santu Mandal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati-781039, India.
| | - Sharajit Saha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati-781039, India.
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16
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Mondal A, Pal D, Phukan HJ, Roy M, Kumar S, Purkayastha S, Guha AK, Srimani D. Manganese Complex Catalyzed Sequential Multi-component Reaction: Enroute to a Quinoline-Derived Azafluorenes. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024; 17:e202301138. [PMID: 38096176 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202301138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
The development of innovative synthetic strategies for constructing complex molecular structures is the heart of organic chemistry. This significance of novel reactions or reaction sequences would further enhance if they permitted the synthesis of new classes of structural motifs, which have not been previously created. The research on the synthesis of heterocyclic compounds is one of the most active topics in organic chemistry due to the widespread application of N-heterocycles in life and material science. The development of a new catalytic process that employs first-row transition metals to produce a range of heterocycles from renewable raw materials is considered highly sustainable approach. This would be more advantageous if done in an eco-friendly and atom-efficient manner. Herein we introduce, the synthesis of various new quinoline based azafluorenes via sequential dehydrogenative multicomponent reaction (MCR) followed by C(sp3)-H hydroxylation and annulation. Our newly developed, Mn-complexes have the ability to direct the reaction in order to achieve a high amount of desired functionalized heterocycles while minimizing the possibility of multiple side reactions. We also performed a series of control experiments, hydride trapping experiments, reaction kinetics, catalytic intermediate and DFT studies to comprehend the detailed reaction route and the catalyst's function in the MCR sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avijit Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology-Guwahati, Kamrup, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Debjyoti Pal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology-Guwahati, Kamrup, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Hirak Jyoti Phukan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology-Guwahati, Kamrup, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Mithu Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology-Guwahati, Kamrup, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Saurabh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology-Guwahati, Kamrup, Assam, 781039, India
| | | | - Ankur Kanti Guha
- Advanced Computational Chemistry Centre, Cotton University, Guwahati, 781001, India
| | - Dipankar Srimani
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology-Guwahati, Kamrup, Assam, 781039, India
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17
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Ramspoth TF, Kootstra J, Harutyunyan SR. Unlocking the potential of metal ligand cooperation for enantioselective transformations. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:3216-3223. [PMID: 38381077 PMCID: PMC10985679 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00998j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Metal-ligand cooperation, in which both the metal and the ligand of a transition metal complex actively participate in chemical transformations leading to enhanced reactivity or selectivity in chemical reactions, has emerged as a powerful and versatile concept in catalysis. This Viewpoint discusses the development trajectory of transition metal-based complexes as catalysts in (de)hydrogenative processes, in particular those cases where metal-ligand cooperation has been invoked to rationalise the observed high reactivities and excellent selectivities. The historical context, mechanistic aspects and current applications are discussed with the suggestion to explore the potential of the MLC mode of action of such catalysts in enantioselective transformations beyond (de)hydrogenative processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tizian-Frank Ramspoth
- Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen Institution Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Johanan Kootstra
- Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen Institution Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Syuzanna R Harutyunyan
- Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen Institution Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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18
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Luo Z, Li L, Nguyen VT, Kanbur U, Li Y, Zhang J, Nie R, Biswas A, Bud'ko SL, Oh J, Zhou L, Huang W, Sadow AD, Wang B, Scott SL, Qi L. Catalytic Hydrogenolysis by Atomically Dispersed Iron Sites Embedded in Chemically and Redox Non-innocent N-Doped Carbon. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:8618-8629. [PMID: 38471106 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c00741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Atomically dispersed first-row transition metals embedded in nitrogen-doped carbon materials (M-N-C) show promising performance in catalytic hydrogenation but are less well-studied for reactions with more complex mechanisms, such as hydrogenolysis. Their ability to catalyze selective C-O bond cleavage of oxygenated hydrocarbons such as aryl alcohols and ethers is enhanced with the participation of ligands directly bound to the metal ion as well as longer-range contributions from the support. In this article, we describe how Fe-N-C catalysts with well-defined local structures for the Fe sites catalyze C-O bond hydrogenolysis. The reaction is facilitated by the N-C support. According to spectroscopic analyses, the as-synthesized catalysts contain mostly pentacoordinated FeIII sites, with four in-plane nitrogen donor ligands and one axial hydroxyl ligand. In the presence of 20 bar of H2 at 170-230 °C, the hydroxyl ligand is lost when N4FeIIIOH is reduced to N4FeII, assisted by the H2 chemisorbed on the support. When an alcohol binds to the tetracoordinated FeII sites, homolytic cleavage of the O-H bond is accompanied by reoxidation to FeIII and H atom transfer to the support. The role of the N-C support in catalytic hydrogenolysis is analogous to the behavior of chemically and redox-non-innocent ligands in molecular catalysts based on first-row transition metal ions and enhances the ability of M-N-Cs to achieve the types of multistep activations of strong bonds needed to upgrade renewable and recycled feedstocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhicheng Luo
- U.S. DOE Ames National Laboratory, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Li Li
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Vy T Nguyen
- School of Sustainable Chemical, Biological and Materials Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Uddhav Kanbur
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Yuting Li
- U.S. DOE Ames National Laboratory, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Jie Zhang
- U.S. DOE Ames National Laboratory, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Renfeng Nie
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Abhranil Biswas
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Sergey L Bud'ko
- U.S. DOE Ames National Laboratory, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Jinsu Oh
- U.S. DOE Ames National Laboratory, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Lin Zhou
- U.S. DOE Ames National Laboratory, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Wenyu Huang
- U.S. DOE Ames National Laboratory, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Aaron D Sadow
- U.S. DOE Ames National Laboratory, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Bin Wang
- School of Sustainable Chemical, Biological and Materials Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Susannah L Scott
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Long Qi
- U.S. DOE Ames National Laboratory, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
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19
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Ji J, Huo Y, Dai Z, Chen Z, Tu T. Manganese-Catalyzed Mono-N-Methylation of Aliphatic Primary Amines without the Requirement of External High-Hydrogen Pressure. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202318763. [PMID: 38300154 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202318763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
The synthesis of mono-N-methylated aliphatic primary amines has traditionally been challenging, requiring noble metal catalysts and high-pressure H2 for achieving satisfactory yields and selectivity. Herein, we developed an approach for the selective coupling of methanol and aliphatic primary amines, without high-pressure hydrogen, using a manganese-based catalyst. Remarkably, up to 98 % yields with broad substrate scope were achieved at low catalyst loadings. Notably, due to the weak base-catalyzed alcoholysis of formamide intermediates, our novel protocol not only obviates the addition of high-pressure H2 but also prevents side secondary N-methylation, supported by control experiments and density functional theory calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiale Ji
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Yinghao Huo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Zhaowen Dai
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Zhening Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 155 Yangqiao West Road, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Tao Tu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 354 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
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20
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Cai J, Zhao B, Zhang Q, Wang AH, Zhang JH, Liu B, Zeng MH. Mn(II) Promoted Divergent-Convergent Domino Reaction Giving Dinuclear Tetrasubstituted Pyrrole Complex. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303553. [PMID: 38251274 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Domino reaction of benzo[d]thiazole-2-methylamine (S1) has been developed in the presence of MnCl2 ⋅ 4H2O, leading to tetrasubstituted pyrrole coordinated dinuclear Mn(II) complex 1 ([MnClP]2, P-=2,3,4,5-tetrakis(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)pyrrol-1-ide). The reaction process has been studied by assigning a series of intermediates based on time-dependent mass spectrometry, control experiments, crystallography, and density functional theory (DFT) theoretical calculation. A plausible mechanism involving an unprecedented divergent-convergent domino sequence has been proposed. Compound S1 could be activated by MnCl2 ⋅ 4H2O via coordination, which divergently produces two intermediates imine II (1-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-N-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-ylmethyl)methanimine) and alkene C (1,2-bis(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)ethene) through oxidative self-condensation and free radical coupling followed by elimination, respectively. They could then react with each other convergently via formal [3+2] cycloaddition to give deprotonated tetrasubstituted pyrrole coordinated intermediate [MnClP] after aromatization. Dimerization of [MnClP] produces the final product 1. Three C-C bonds and one C-N bond are formed through this six-step domino sequence. The corresponding organic skeleton (HP: 2,2',2'',2'''-(1H-pyrrole-2,3,4,5-tetrayl)tetrakis(benzo[d]thiazole)) has been obtained from 1 and shows a higher fluorescent quantum yield (52 %) than the reported 3,4-diphenyl substituted analogue 2,2'-(3,4-diphenyl-1H-pyrrole-2,5-diyl)bis(benzo[d]thiazole) (DPB) (42 %).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Cai
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, P. R. China
| | - Bing Zhao
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, P. R. China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, P. R. China
| | - Ao-Hua Wang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Hao Zhang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, P. R. China
| | - Bin Liu
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, P. R. China
| | - Ming-Hua Zeng
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, 343000, P. R. China
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21
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Mohite MA, Sheokand S, Mondal D, Balakrishna MS. Catalytic utility of PNN-based Mn I pincer complexes in the synthesis of quinolines and transfer hydrogenation of carbonyl derivatives. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:5580-5591. [PMID: 38433558 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt00001c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
This manuscript describes the synthesis of a triazolyl-pyridine-based phosphine, N-((diphenylphosphaneyl)methyl)-N-methyl-6-(1-phenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)pyridin-2-amine, [2,6-{(PPh2)CH2N(Me)(C5H3N)(C2HN3C6H5)}] (1) (here onwards referred to as PNN) and its cationic and neutral MnI complexes and catalytic applications. The reaction of 1 with Mn(CO)5Br afforded a cationic complex [Mn(CO)3(PNN)]Br (2), which is highly stable in solid state, but in solution it gradually loses one of the CO groups to form a neutral complex [Mn(CO)2(PNN)Br] (3). Complex 2 on treatment with AgBF4 also yielded a cationic complex [Mn(CO)3(PNN)]BF4 (4). These complexes efficiently promoted the synthesis of quinoline derivatives via acceptor-less dehydrogenative coupling of 2-aminobenzyl alcohol and ketones, with complex 3 showing the highest activity with a very low catalyst loading (0.03 mol%) at 110 °C. Complex 3 (0.5 mol%) also showed excellent catalytic activity in the transfer hydrogenation of ketones and aldehydes to form respective secondary and primary alcohols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manali A Mohite
- Phosphorus Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India.
| | - Sonu Sheokand
- Phosphorus Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India.
| | - Dipanjan Mondal
- Phosphorus Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India.
| | - Maravanji S Balakrishna
- Phosphorus Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India.
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22
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Boity B, Sidiqque M, Rit A. Amine-functionalized bifunctional Co III-NHC complexes: highly effective phosphine-free catalysts for the α-alkylation of nitriles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:3142-3145. [PMID: 38328819 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc05454c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Newly developed amine functionalized NHC-supported CoIII-complexes have been identified as highly effective bifunctional catalysts for the α-alkylation of nitriles using a plethora of alcohols, ranging from aliphatic to aromatic and intriguingly, also secondary ones. Comparison of their activities with the non-bifunctional analogues uncovered their extremely high activities although possessing the high-valent CoIII-center due to metal-ligand cooperativity, which has been established by an array of control experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biswaranjan Boity
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India.
| | - Misba Sidiqque
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India.
| | - Arnab Rit
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India.
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23
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Wen J, Huang Y, Zhang Y, Grützmacher H, Hu P. Cobalt catalyzed practical hydroboration of terminal alkynes with time-dependent stereoselectivity. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2208. [PMID: 38467660 PMCID: PMC10928171 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46550-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Stereodefined vinylboron compounds are important organic synthons. The synthesis of E-1-vinylboron compounds typically involves the addition of a B-H bond to terminal alkynes. The selective generation of the thermodynamically unfavorable Z-isomers remains challenging, necessitating improved methods. Here, such a proficient and cost-effective catalytic system is introduced, comprising a cobalt salt and a readily accessible air-stable CNC pincer ligand. This system enables the transformation of terminal alkynes, even in the presence of bulky substituents, with excellent Z-selectivity. High turnover numbers (>1,600) and turnover frequencies (>132,000 h-1) are achieved at room temperature, and the reaction can be scaled up to 30 mmol smoothly. Kinetic studies reveal a formal second-order dependence on cobalt concentration. Mechanistic investigations indicate that the alkynes exhibit a higher affinity for the catalyst than the alkene products, resulting in exceptional Z-selective performance. Furthermore, a rare time-dependent stereoselectivity is observed, allowing for quantitative conversion of Z-vinylboronate esters to the E-isomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinglan Wen
- Institute of Green Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
- Lehn Institute of Functional Materials, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Yahao Huang
- Institute of Green Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
- Lehn Institute of Functional Materials, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Institute of Green Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
- Lehn Institute of Functional Materials, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Hansjörg Grützmacher
- Lehn Institute of Functional Materials, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Peng Hu
- Institute of Green Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
- Lehn Institute of Functional Materials, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, PR China.
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24
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Zhang J, Xu X, Zhao G, You H, Wang R, Li F. Hydrogenation of Quinones to Hydroquinones under Atmospheric Pressure Catalyzed by a Metal-Ligand Bifunctional Iridium Catalyst. Org Lett 2024; 26:1857-1862. [PMID: 38407095 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
A general method for the hydrogenation of quinones to hydroquinones under atmospheric pressure has been developed. In the presence of [Cp*Ir(2,2'-bpyO)(H2O)] (0.5-1 mol %), a range of products were obtained in high yields. Furthemore, the expansion of this catalytic system to the hydrogenation of 1,4-benzoquinone diimines was also presented. Functional groups in the bpy ligand were found to be crucial for the catalytic activity of iridium complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China
| | - Xiangchao Xu
- Key Laboratory for Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China
| | - Guoqiang Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China
| | - Heng You
- Key Laboratory for Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China
| | - Rongzhou Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, P. R. China
| | - Feng Li
- Key Laboratory for Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
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25
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Wang T, Guan Y, Zhang T, Liang Y. Ligand Relay for Nickel-Catalyzed Decarbonylative Alkylation of Aroyl Chlorides. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2306923. [PMID: 38088530 PMCID: PMC10916626 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202306923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Transition metal-catalyzed direct decarboxylative transformations of aromatic carboxylic acids usually require high temperatures, which limit the substrate's scope, especially for late-stage applications. The development of the selective decarbonylative of carboxylic acid derivatives, especially the most fundamental aroyl chlorides, with stable and cheap electrophiles under mild conditions is highly desirable and meaningful, but remains challenging. Herein, a strategy of nickel-catalyzed decarbonylative alkylation of aroyl chlorides via phosphine/nitrogen ligand relay is reported. The simple phosphine ligand is found essential for the decarbonylation step, while the nitrogen ligand promotes the cross-electrophile coupling. Such a ligand relay system can effectively and orderly carry out the catalytic process at room temperature, utilizing easily available aroyl chlorides as an aryl electrophile for reductive alkylation. This discovery provides a new strategy for direct decarbonylative coupling, features operationally simple, mild conditions, and excellent functional group tolerance. The mild approach is applied to the late-stage methylation of various pharmaceuticals. Extensive experiments are carried out to provide insights into the reaction pathway and support the ligand relay process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian‐Zhang Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShandong UniversityJinan250100China
| | - Yu‐Qiu Guan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShandong UniversityJinan250100China
| | - Tian‐Yu Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShandong UniversityJinan250100China
| | - Yu‐Feng Liang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShandong UniversityJinan250100China
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26
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Sansores-Paredes MLG, Lutz M, Moret ME. Cooperative H 2 activation at a nickel(0)-olefin centre. Nat Chem 2024; 16:417-425. [PMID: 38052947 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-023-01380-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Catalytic olefin hydrogenation is ubiquitous in organic synthesis. In most proposed homogeneous catalytic cycles, reactive M-H bonds are generated either by oxidative addition of H2 to a metal centre or by deprotonation of a non-classical metal dihydrogen (M-H2) intermediate. Here we provide evidence for an alternative H2-activation mechanism that instead involves direct ligand-to-ligand hydrogen transfer (LLHT) from a metal-bound H2 molecule to a metal-coordinated olefin. An unusual pincer ligand that features two phosphine ligands and a central olefin supports the formation of a non-classical Ni-H2 complex and the Ni(alkyl)(hydrido) product of LLHT, in rapid equilibrium with dissolved H2. The usefulness of this cooperative H2-activation mechanism for catalysis is demonstrated in the semihydrogenation of diphenylacetylene. Experimental and computational mechanistic investigations support the central role of LLHT for H2 activation and catalytic semihydrogenation. The product distribution obtained is largely determined by the competition between (E)-(Z) isomerization and catalyst degradation by self-hydrogenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- María L G Sansores-Paredes
- Organic Chemistry and Catalysis, Institute for Sustainable and Circular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Martin Lutz
- Structural Biochemistry, Bijvoet Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Marc-Etienne Moret
- Organic Chemistry and Catalysis, Institute for Sustainable and Circular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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27
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Morton M, Tay BY, Mah JJ, White AJ, Nobbs JD, van Meurs M, Britovsek GJ. Hydrogen Activation with Ru-PN 3P Pincer Complexes for the Conversion of C 1 Feedstocks. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:3393-3401. [PMID: 38330919 PMCID: PMC10880058 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c04001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
The hydrogenation of C1 feedstocks (CO and CO2) has been investigated using ruthenium complexes [RuHCl(CO)(PN3P)] as the catalyst. PN3P pincer ligands containing amines in the linker between the central pyridine donor and the phosphorus donors with bulky substituents (tert-butyl (1) or TMPhos (2)) are required to obtain mononuclear single-site catalysts that can be activated by the addition of KOtBu to generate stable five-coordinate complexes [RuH(CO)(PN3P-H)], whereby the pincer ligand has been deprotonated. Activation of hydrogen takes place via heterolytic cleavage to generate [RuH2(CO)(PN3P)], but in the presence of CO, coordination of CO occurs preferentially to give [RuH(CO)2(PN3P-H)]. This complex can be protonated to give the cationic complex [RuH(CO)2(PN3P)]+, but it is unable to activate H2 heterolytically. In the case of the less coordinating CO2, both ruthenium complexes 1 and 2 are highly efficient as CO2 hydrogenation catalysts in the presence of a base (DBU), which in the case of the TMPhos ligand results in a TON of 30,000 for the formation of formate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew
D. Morton
- Department
of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub,
White City Campus, 82 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, United
Kingdom
| | - Boon Ying Tay
- Institute
of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ICSE2), Agency
for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Pesek Road Jurong Island, Singapore 627833, Republic of Singapore
| | - Justin J.Q. Mah
- Institute
of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ICSE2), Agency
for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Pesek Road Jurong Island, Singapore 627833, Republic of Singapore
| | - Andrew J.P. White
- Department
of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub,
White City Campus, 82 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, United
Kingdom
| | - James D. Nobbs
- Institute
of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ICSE2), Agency
for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Pesek Road Jurong Island, Singapore 627833, Republic of Singapore
| | - Martin van Meurs
- Institute
of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ICSE2), Agency
for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Pesek Road Jurong Island, Singapore 627833, Republic of Singapore
| | - George J.P. Britovsek
- Department
of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub,
White City Campus, 82 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, United
Kingdom
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28
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Thiyagarajan S, Diskin-Posner Y, Montag M, Milstein D. Manganese-catalyzed base-free addition of saturated nitriles to unsaturated nitriles by template catalysis. Chem Sci 2024; 15:2571-2577. [PMID: 38362414 PMCID: PMC10866344 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc04935c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The coupling of mononitriles into dinitriles is a desirable strategy, given the prevalence of nitrile compounds and the synthetic and industrial utility of dinitriles. Herein, we present an atom-economical approach for the heteroaddition of saturated nitriles to α,β- and β,γ-unsaturated mononitriles to generate glutaronitrile derivatives using a catalyst based on earth-abundant manganese. A broad range of such saturated and unsaturated nitriles were found to undergo facile heteroaddition with excellent functional group tolerance, in a reaction that proceeds under mild and base-free conditions using low catalyst loading. Mechanistic studies showed that this unique transformation takes place through a template-type pathway involving an enamido complex intermediate, which is generated by addition of a saturated nitrile to the catalyst, and acts as a nucleophile for Michael addition to unsaturated nitriles. This work represents a new application of template catalysis for C-C bond formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subramanian Thiyagarajan
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot 7610001 Israel
| | - Yael Diskin-Posner
- Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot 7610001 Israel
| | - Michael Montag
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot 7610001 Israel
| | - David Milstein
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot 7610001 Israel
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29
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Sinnema EG, Ramspoth TF, Bouma RH, Ge L, Harutyunyan SR. Enantioselective Hydrophosphination of Terminal Alkenyl Aza-Heteroarenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202316785. [PMID: 38133954 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202316785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a Mn(I)-catalysed methodology for the enantioselective hydrophosphination of terminal alkenyl aza-heteroarenes. The catalyst operates through H-P bond activation, enabling successful hydrophosphination of a diverse range of alkenyl-heteroarenes with high enantioselectivity. The presented protocol addresses the inherently low reactivity and the commonly encountered suboptimal enantioselectivities of these challenging substrates. As an important application we show that this method facilitates the synthesis of a non-symmetric tridentate P,N,P-containing ligand like structure in just two synthetic steps using a single catalytic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther G Sinnema
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tizian-Frank Ramspoth
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Reinder H Bouma
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Luo Ge
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Syuzanna R Harutyunyan
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
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30
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Zhou X, Wang Z, Li S, Rong X, Bu J, Liu Q, Ouyang Z. Differentiating enantiomers by directional rotation of ions in a mass spectrometer. Science 2024; 383:612-618. [PMID: 38330101 DOI: 10.1126/science.adj8342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Conventional mass spectrometry does not distinguish between enantiomers, or mirror-image isomers. Here we report a technique to break the chiral symmetry and to differentiate enantiomers by inducing directional rotation of chiral gas-phase ions. Dual alternating current excitations were applied to manipulate the motions of trapped ions, including the rotation around the center of mass and macro movement around the center of the trap. Differences in collision cross section were induced, which could be measured by ion cloud profiling at high resolutions above 10,000. High-field ion mobility and tandem mass spectrometry analyses of the enantiomers were combined and implemented by using a miniature ion trap mass spectrometer. The effectiveness of the developed method was demonstrated with a variety of organic compounds including amino acids, sugars, and several drug molecules, as well as a proof-of-principle ligand optimization study for asymmetric hydrogenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhuofan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shuai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xianle Rong
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jiexun Bu
- PURSPEC Technology (Beijing) Ltd., Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zheng Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
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31
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Gawron M, Gilch F, Schmidhuber D, Kelly JA, Horsley Downie TM, Jacobi von Wangelin A, Rehbein J, Wolf R. Counterion Effect in Cobaltate-Catalyzed Alkene Hydrogenation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202315381. [PMID: 38059406 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202315381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
We show that countercations exert a remarkable influence on the ability of anionic cobaltate salts to catalyze challenging alkene hydrogenations. An evaluation of the catalytic properties of [Cat][Co(η4 -cod)2 ] (Cat=K (1), Na (2), Li (3), (Dep nacnac)Mg (4), and N(n Bu)4 (5); cod=1,5-cyclooctadiene, Dep nacnac={2,6-Et2 C6 H3 NC(CH3 )}2 CH)]) demonstrated that the lithium salt 3 and magnesium salt 4 drastically outperform the other catalysts. Complex 4 was the most active catalyst, which readily promotes the hydrogenation of highly congested alkenes under mild conditions. A plausible catalytic mechanism is proposed based on density functional theory (DFT) investigations. Furthermore, combined molecular dynamics (MD) simulation and DFT studies were used to examine the turnover-limiting migratory insertion step. The results of these studies suggest an active co-catalytic role of the counterion in the hydrogenation reaction through the coordination to cobalt hydride intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Gawron
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, 93040, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Franziska Gilch
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, 93040, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Schmidhuber
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, 93040, Regensburg, Germany
| | - John A Kelly
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, 93040, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Julia Rehbein
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, 93040, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Robert Wolf
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, 93040, Regensburg, Germany
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32
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Maikhuri VK, Mathur D, Chaudhary A, Kumar R, Parmar VS, Singh BK. Transition-Metal Catalyzed Synthesis of Pyrimidines: Recent Advances, Mechanism, Scope and Future Perspectives. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2024; 382:4. [PMID: 38296918 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-024-00451-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Pyrimidine is a pharmacologically important moiety that exhibits diverse biological activities. This review reflects the growing significance of transition metal-catalyzed reactions for the synthesis of pyrimidines (with no discussion being made on the transition metal-catalyzed functionalization of pyrimidines). The effect of different catalysts on the selectivity/yields of pyrimidines and catalyst recyclability (wherever applicable) are described, together with attempts to illustrate the role of the catalyst through mechanisms. Although several methods have been researched for synthesizing this privileged scaffold, there has been a considerable push to expand transition metal-catalyzed, sustainable, efficient and selective synthetic strategies leading to pyrimidines. The aim of the authors with this update (2017-2023) is to drive the designing of new transition metal-mediated protocols for pyrimidine synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vipin K Maikhuri
- Bioorganic Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Divya Mathur
- Bioorganic Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India.
- Department of Chemistry, Daulat Ram College, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India.
| | - Ankita Chaudhary
- Department of Chemistry, Maitreyi College, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, R.D.S College, B.R.A. Bihar University, Muzaffarpur, India
| | - Virinder S Parmar
- Bioorganic Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
- Nanoscience Program, CUNY Graduate Center and Department of Chemistry, City College & Medgar Evers College, The City University of New York, 160 Convent Avenue, New York, NY, 10031, USA
- Institute of Click Chemistry Research and Studies, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201303, India
| | - Brajendra K Singh
- Bioorganic Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
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33
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Tsai CP, Chen CY, Lin YL, Lan JC, Tsai ML. Catalytic Dehydrogenation of Formic Acid Promoted by Triphos-Co Complexes: Two Competing Pathways for H 2 Production. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:1759-1773. [PMID: 38217506 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we reported the synthesis and structural characterization of a triphos-CoII complex [(κ3-triphos)CoII(CH3CN)2]2+ (1) and a triphos-CoI-H complex [(κ2-triphos)HCoI(CO)2] (4). The facile synthetic pathways from 1 to [(κ3-triphos)CoII(κ2-O2CH)]+ (1') and [(κ3-triphos)CoI(CH3CN)]+ (2), respectively, as well as the interconversion between [(κ3-triphos)CoI(CO)2]+ (3) and 4 have been established. The activation energy barrier, associated with the dehydrogenation of a coordinated formate fragment in 1' yielding the corresponding 2 accompanied by the formation of H2 and CO2, was experimentally determined as 23.9 kcal/mol. With 0.01 mol % loading of 1, a maximum TON ∼ 1735 within 18 h and TOF ∼ 483 h-1 for the first 3 h could be achieved. Kinetic isotope effect (KIE) values of 2.25 (kHCOOH/kDCOOH) and 1.36 (kHCOOH/kHCOOD) for the dehydrogenation of formic acid and its deuterated derivatives, respectively, implicate that the H-COOH bond cleavage is likely the rate-determining step. The catalytic mechanism proposed by density functional theory (DFT) calculations coupled with experimental 1H NMR and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis unveils two competing pathways for H2 production; specifically, deprotonating a HCOO-H bond by a proposed Co-H intermediate C and homolytic cleavage of the CoII-H moiety of C, presumably via a dimeric Co intermediate D containing a [Co2(μ-H)2]2+ core, to yield the corresponding 2 and H2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chou-Pen Tsai
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yao Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Lin Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Chen Lan
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Li Tsai
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
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34
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Mondal A, Phukan HJ, Pal D, Kumar S, Roy M, Srimani D. Well-Defined Mn(II)-complex Catalyzed Switchable De(hydrogenative) Csp 3 -H Functionalization of Methyl Heteroarenes: A Sustainable Approach for Diversification of Heterocyclic Motifs. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303315. [PMID: 37933814 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Catalytic activities of Mn(I) complexes derived from expensive MnBr(CO)5 salt have been explored in various dehydrogenative transformations. However, the reactivity and selectivity of inexpensive high spin Mn(II) complexes are uncommon. Herein, we have synthesized four new Mn(II) complexes and explored switchable alkenylation and alkylation of methyl heteroarenes employing a single Mn(II)catalyst. The developed protocol selectively furnishes a series of functionalized E-heteroarenes and C-alkylated heteroarenes with good to excellent yields. Various medicinally and synthetically useful compounds are successfully synthesized using our developed protocol. Various controls and kinetics experiments were executed to shed light on the mechaism,which reveals that α-C-H bond breaking of alcohol is the slowest step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avijit Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology-Guwahati, Kamrup, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Hirak Jyoti Phukan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology-Guwahati, Kamrup, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Debjyoti Pal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology-Guwahati, Kamrup, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Saurabh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology-Guwahati, Kamrup, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Mithu Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology-Guwahati, Kamrup, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Dipankar Srimani
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology-Guwahati, Kamrup, Assam, 781039, India
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35
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Liu D, Ma H, Zhu C, Qiu F, Yu W, Ma LL, Wei XW, Han YF, Yuan G. Molecular Co-Catalyst Confined within a Metallacage for Enhanced Photocatalytic CO 2 Reduction. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:2275-2285. [PMID: 38215226 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c14254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
The construction of structurally well-defined supramolecular hosts to accommodate catalytically active species within a cavity is a promising way to address catalyst deactivation. The resulting supramolecular catalysts can significantly improve the utilization of catalytic sites, thereby achieving a highly efficient chemical conversion. In this study, the Co-metalated phthalocyanine (Pc-Co) was successfully confined within a tetragonal prismatic metallacage, leading to the formation of a distinctive type of supramolecular photocatalyst (Pc-Co@Cage). The host-guest architecture of Pc-Co@Cage was unambiguously elucidated by single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SCXRD), NMR, and ESI-TOF-MS, revealing that the single cobalt active site can be thoroughly isolated within the space-restricted microenvironment. In addition, we found that Pc-Co@Cage can serve as a homogeneous supramolecular photocatalyst that displays high CO2 to CO conversion in aqueous media under visible light irradiation. This supramolecular photocatalyst exhibits an obvious improvement in activity (TONCO = 4175) and selectivity (SelCO = 92%) relative to the nonconfined Pc-Co catalyst (TONCO = 500, SelCO = 54%). The present strategy provided a rare example for the construction of a highly active, selective, and stable photocatalyst for CO2 reduction through a cavity-confined molecular catalyst within a discrete metallacage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan 243032, P. R. China
| | - Huirong Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan 243032, P. R. China
| | - Chao Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan 243032, P. R. China
| | - Fengyi Qiu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan 243032, P. R. China
| | - Weibin Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan 243032, P. R. China
| | - Li-Li Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan 243032, P. R. China
| | - Xian-Wen Wei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan 243032, P. R. China
| | - Ying-Feng Han
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, P. R. China
| | - Guozan Yuan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan 243032, P. R. China
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36
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Li S, Wu D, Wang X, Xiong J, Zhang L, Ma K. Zeolite-encapsulated copper(II) complexes with NNO-tridentate Schiff base ligands: catalytic activity for methylene blue (MB) degradation under near neutral conditions. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:1517-1527. [PMID: 38164102 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt03694d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Three novel copper Schiff base complexes, L1Cu(OAc)-L3Cu(OAc), bearing NNO tridentate ligands were synthesized and successfully entrapped in zeolite. All free and encapsulated complexes were fully characterized through experiments combined with theoretical calculations, and were subsequently employed as catalysts to activate H2O2 for degradation of methylene blue (MB). The catalytic activity of free complexes was tunable by substitution effects. The complex L3Cu(OAc) displayed enhanced efficiency by adopting bulky and donor substitutions due to the lower oxidation states. However, the free complexes exhibited modified structural and catalytic properties upon encapsulation into the zeolite. The constraint from the zeolite holes and coordination geometry caused the alteration of electronic structures and subsequently modified the reactivity. This study revealed that upon encapsulation, the larger molecular dimension of L3Cu(OAc) resulted in additional distorted geometry, leading to higher catalytic efficiency for MB degradation with more blue shifts in the UV-Vis spectrum. There was high catalytic activity by LnCu(OAc)-Y compared to that of the free complex, and high recyclability under near neutral conditions. In addition, the catalytic efficiency of L3Cu(OAc)-Y was higher or equivalent compared to other catalysts. This work provides new complexes with NNO tridentate ligands encapsulated inside zeolite and explains the relationship between the modified structure and functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Control Chemistry and Environmental Functional Materials for Qinghai-Tibet Plateau of the National Ethnic Affairs Commission, School of Chemistry and Environment, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.
- Key Laboratory of General Chemistry of the National Ethnic Affairs Commission, School of Chemistry and Environment, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Die Wu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Control Chemistry and Environmental Functional Materials for Qinghai-Tibet Plateau of the National Ethnic Affairs Commission, School of Chemistry and Environment, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.
- Key Laboratory of General Chemistry of the National Ethnic Affairs Commission, School of Chemistry and Environment, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiting Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Control Chemistry and Environmental Functional Materials for Qinghai-Tibet Plateau of the National Ethnic Affairs Commission, School of Chemistry and Environment, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.
- Key Laboratory of General Chemistry of the National Ethnic Affairs Commission, School of Chemistry and Environment, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiaxing Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Control Chemistry and Environmental Functional Materials for Qinghai-Tibet Plateau of the National Ethnic Affairs Commission, School of Chemistry and Environment, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.
- Key Laboratory of General Chemistry of the National Ethnic Affairs Commission, School of Chemistry and Environment, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Li Zhang
- School of Electronic Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou 545000, Guangxi, China.
| | - Kaili Ma
- Analysis and Testing Center, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, Jiangsu, China.
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37
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Jalwal S, Regina A, Atreya V, Paranjothy M, Chakraborty S. NNN manganese complex-catalyzed α-alkylation of methyl ketones using alcohols: an experimental and computational study. Dalton Trans 2024. [PMID: 38251673 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt04321e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
We present here a phosphine-free, quinoline-based pincer Mn catalyst for α-alkylation of methyl ketones using primary alcohols as alkyl surrogates. The C-C bond formation reaction proceeds via a hydrogen auto-transfer methodology. The sole by-product formed is water, rendering the protocol atom efficient. Electronic structure theory studies corroborated the proposed mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Jalwal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Karwar, Jodhpur, 342030, Rajasthan, India.
| | - Anitta Regina
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Karwar, Jodhpur, 342030, Rajasthan, India.
| | - Vaishnavi Atreya
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Karwar, Jodhpur, 342030, Rajasthan, India.
| | - Manikandan Paranjothy
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Karwar, Jodhpur, 342030, Rajasthan, India.
| | - Subrata Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Karwar, Jodhpur, 342030, Rajasthan, India.
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38
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Luk J, Oates CL, Fuentes Garcia JA, Clarke ML, Kumar A. Manganese-Catalyzed Hydrogenation of Amides and Polyurethanes: Is Catalyst Inhibition an Additional Barrier to the Efficient Hydrogenation of Amides and Their Derivatives? Organometallics 2024; 43:85-93. [PMID: 38274653 PMCID: PMC10806803 DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.3c00399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
The hydrogenation of amides and other less electrophilic carbonyl derivatives with an N-C=O functionality requires significant improvements in scope and catalytic activity to be a genuinely useful reaction in industry. Here, we report the results of a study that examined whether such reactions are further disadvantaged by nitrogen-containing compounds such as aliphatic amines acting as inhibitors on the catalysts. In this case, an enantiomerically pure manganese catalyst previously established to be efficient in the hydrogenation of ketones, N-aryl-imines, and esters was used as a prototype of a manganese catalyst. This was accomplished by doping a model ester hydrogenation with various nitrogen-containing compounds and monitoring progress. Following from this, a protocol for the catalytic hydrogenation of amides and polyurethanes is described, including the catalytic hydrogenation of an axially chiral amide that resulted in low levels of kinetic resolution. The hypothesis of nitrogen-containing compounds acting as an inhibitor in the catalytic hydrogenation process has also been rationalized by using spectroscopy (high-pressure infrared (IR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)) and mass spectrometry studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Luk
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews KY16 9ST, U.K.
| | - Conor L. Oates
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews KY16 9ST, U.K.
| | - José A. Fuentes Garcia
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews KY16 9ST, U.K.
| | - Matthew L. Clarke
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews KY16 9ST, U.K.
| | - Amit Kumar
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews KY16 9ST, U.K.
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39
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Zobernig DP, Luxner M, Stöger B, Veiros LF, Kirchner K. Hydrogenation of Terminal Alkenes Catalyzed by Air-Stable Mn(I) Complexes Bearing an N-Heterocyclic Carbene-Based PCP Pincer Ligand. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202302455. [PMID: 37814821 PMCID: PMC10952557 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Efficient hydrogenations of terminal alkenes with molecular hydrogen catalyzed by well-defined bench stable Mn(I) complexes containing an N-heterocyclic carbene-based PCP pincer ligand are described. These reactions are environmentally benign and atom economic, implementing an inexpensive, earth abundant non-precious metal catalyst. A range of aromatic and aliphatic alkenes were efficiently converted into alkanes in good to excellent yields. The hydrogenation proceeds at 100 °C with catalyst loadings of 0.25-0.5 mol %, 2.5-5 mol % base (KOt Bu) and a hydrogen pressure of 20 bar. Mechanistic insight into the catalytic reaction is provided by means of DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P. Zobernig
- Institute of Applied Synthetic ChemistryTU WienGetreidemarkt 9/163-AC1060WienAustria
| | - Michael Luxner
- Institute of Applied Synthetic ChemistryTU WienGetreidemarkt 9/163-AC1060WienAustria
| | | | - Luis F. Veiros
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular SciencesDepartamento de Engenharia QuímicaInstituto Superior TécnicoUniversidade de LisboaAv. Rovisco Pais1049 001LisboaPortugal
| | - Karl Kirchner
- Institute of Applied Synthetic ChemistryTU WienGetreidemarkt 9/163-AC1060WienAustria
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40
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Chen W, Zuo J, Sang K, Qian G, Zhang J, Chen D, Zhou X, Yuan W, Duan X. Leveraging the Proximity and Distribution of Cu-Cs Sites for Direct Conversion of Methanol to Esters/Aldehydes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202314288. [PMID: 37988201 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202314288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Methanol serves as a versatile building-block for various commodity chemicals, and the development of industrially promising strategies for its conversion remains the ultimate goal in methanol chemistry. In this study, we design a dual Cu-Cs catalytic system that enables a one-step direct conversion of methanol and methyl acetate/ethanol into high value-added esters/aldehydes, with customized chain length and saturation by leveraging the proximity and distribution of Cu-Cs sites. Cu-Cs at a millimeter-scale intimacy triggers methanol dehydrogenation and condensation, involving proton transfer, aldol formation, and aldol condensation, to obtain unsaturated esters and aldehydes with selectivities of 76.3 % and 31.1 %, respectively. Cu-Cs at a micrometer-scale intimacy significantly promotes mass transfer of intermediates across catalyst interfaces and their subsequent hydrogenation to saturated esters and aldehydes with selectivities of 67.6 % and 93.1 %, respectively. Conversely, Cu-Cs at a nanometer-scale intimacy alters reaction pathway with a similar energy barrier for the rate-determining step, but blocks the acidic-basic sites and diverts the reaction to byproducts. More importantly, an unprecedented quadruple tandem catalytic production of methyl methacrylate (MMA) is achieved by further tailoring Cu and Cs distribution across the reaction bed in the configuration of Cu-Cs||Cs, outperforming the existing industrial processes and saving at least 15 % of production costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Ji Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Keng Sang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Gang Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - De Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Xinggui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Weikang Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Xuezhi Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
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41
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Multem AJH, Delaney AR, Kroeger AA, Coote ML, Colebatch AL. Utilising a Proton-Responsive 1,8-Naphthyridine Ligand for the Synthesis of Bimetallic Palladium and Platinum Complexes. Chem Asian J 2023:e202301071. [PMID: 38161148 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202301071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
We present four proton-responsive palladium and platinum complexes, [MCl2 (R PONNHO)] (M=Pd, Pt; R=i Pr, t Bu) synthesised by complexation of PdCl2 or PtCl2 (COD) with the 1,8-naphthyridine ligand R PONNHO. Deprotonation of [MCl2 (tBu PONNHO)] switches ligand coordination from mono- to dinucleating, offering a synthetic pathway to bimetallic PdII and PtII complexes [M2 Cl2 (tBu PONNO)2 ]. Two-electron reduction gives planar MI -MI complexes [M2 (tBu PONNO)2 ] (M=Pd, Pt) containing a metal-metal bond. In contrast to the related nickel system that forms a metallophosphorane [Ni2 (tBu PONNOPONNO)], an unusual phosphinite binding mode is observed in [M2 (tBu PONNO)2 ] containing close phosphinite-naphthyridinone P⋅⋅⋅O interactions, which is investigated spectroscopically, crystallographically and computationally. The presented proton-responsive and structurally-responsive R PONNHO and bimetallic R PONNO complexes offer a novel platform for future explorations of metal-ligand and metal-metal cooperativity with palladium and platinum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arie J H Multem
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Andie R Delaney
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Asja A Kroeger
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
- Institute for Nanoscale Science & Technology, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, 5042, Australia
| | - Michelle L Coote
- Institute for Nanoscale Science & Technology, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, 5042, Australia
| | - Annie L Colebatch
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
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42
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Song X, Bai S, Li Y, Yi T, Long X, Pu Q, Dang T, Ma M, Ren Q, Qin X. Expedient and divergent synthesis of unnatural peptides through cobalt-catalyzed diastereoselective umpolung hydrogenation. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadk4950. [PMID: 38117889 PMCID: PMC10732522 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adk4950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
The development of a reliable method for asymmetric synthesis of unnatural peptides is highly desirable and particularly challenging. In this study, we present a versatile and efficient approach that uses cobalt-catalyzed diastereoselective umpolung hydrogenation to access noncanonical aryl alanine peptides. This protocol demonstrates good tolerance toward various functional groups, amino acid sequences, and peptide lengths. Moreover, the versatility of this reaction is illustrated by its successful application in the late-stage functionalization and formal synthesis of various representative chiral natural products and pharmaceutical scaffolds. This strategy eliminates the need for synthesizing chiral noncanonical aryl alanines before peptide formation, and the hydrogenation reaction does not result in racemization or epimerization. The underlying mechanism was extensively explored through deuterium labeling, control experiments, HRMS identification, and UV-Vis spectroscopy, which supported a reasonable CoI/CoIII catalytic cycle. Notably, acetic acid and methanol serve as safe and cost-effective hydrogen sources, while indium powder acts as the terminal electron source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinjian Song
- Engineering Research Center of Coptis Development and Utilization, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, 2 Tiansheng Road, Chongqing, 400715, P. R. China
| | - Shuangyi Bai
- Engineering Research Center of Coptis Development and Utilization, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, 2 Tiansheng Road, Chongqing, 400715, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Li
- Engineering Research Center of Coptis Development and Utilization, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, 2 Tiansheng Road, Chongqing, 400715, P. R. China
| | - Tong Yi
- Engineering Research Center of Coptis Development and Utilization, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, 2 Tiansheng Road, Chongqing, 400715, P. R. China
| | - Xinyu Long
- Engineering Research Center of Coptis Development and Utilization, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, 2 Tiansheng Road, Chongqing, 400715, P. R. China
| | - Qinghua Pu
- Engineering Research Center of Coptis Development and Utilization, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, 2 Tiansheng Road, Chongqing, 400715, P. R. China
| | - Ting Dang
- Engineering Research Center of Coptis Development and Utilization, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, 2 Tiansheng Road, Chongqing, 400715, P. R. China
| | - Mengjie Ma
- Engineering Research Center of Coptis Development and Utilization, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, 2 Tiansheng Road, Chongqing, 400715, P. R. China
| | - Qiao Ren
- Engineering Research Center of Coptis Development and Utilization, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, 2 Tiansheng Road, Chongqing, 400715, P. R. China
| | - Xurong Qin
- Engineering Research Center of Coptis Development and Utilization, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, 2 Tiansheng Road, Chongqing, 400715, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, No. 94 Wei Jin Road, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
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43
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Duan Y, Zhong W, Zeng Z, Feng J, Xu J, Yang F, Liu J. Iodine-promoted transfer of dihydrogen from ketones to alkenes, triphenylmethyl, and diphenylmethyl derivatives. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 60:75-78. [PMID: 38018515 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc03409g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Herein, a novel class of transfer hydrogenation agent, cycloheptanone, was successfully employed in metal-free hydrogenation facilitated by iodine. A series of alkenes, triphenylmethyl derivatives, and diphenylmethyl derivatives were reduced to the desired compounds in moderate to excellent yields. The transfer hydrodeuteration of alkenes using α-deuterated cyclododecanone exhibited high regioselectivity. Preliminary mechanism studies confirmed the origins of the two hydrogen atoms involved in the reduction of alkenes. The current study paves the way for the use of ketones as unique transfer hydrogenation agents in chemical synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiping Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China
| | - Wenyi Zhong
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China.
| | - Zhaolan Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China
| | - Jiajie Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China
| | - Jinyi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China
| | - Fulai Yang
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China.
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China.
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44
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Sansores-Paredes MG, Nguyen TTT, Lutz M, Moret ME. Reactions of Nickel(0)-Olefin Pincer Complexes with Terminal Alkynes: Cooperative C-H Bond Activation and Alkyne Coupling. Organometallics 2023; 42:3418-3427. [PMID: 38098646 PMCID: PMC10716905 DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.3c00404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Metal-ligand cooperation can facilitate the activation of chemical bonds, opening reaction pathways of interest for catalyst development. In this context, olefins occupying the central position of a diphosphine pincer ligand (PC=CP) are emerging as reversible H atom acceptors, e.g., for H2 activation. Here, we report on the reactivity of nickel complexes of PC=CP ligands with a terminal alkyne, for which two competing pathways are observed. First, cooperative and reversible C-H bond activation generates a Ni(II) alkyl/alkynyl complex as the kinetic product. Second, in the absence of a bulky substituent on the olefin, two alkyne molecules are incorporated in the ligand structure to form a conjugated triene bound to Ni(0). The mechanisms of these processes are studied by density functional theory calculations supported by experimental observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- María
L. G. Sansores-Paredes
- Organic
Chemistry and Catalysis, Institute for Sustainable and Circular Chemistry,
Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Tú T. T. Nguyen
- Organic
Chemistry and Catalysis, Institute for Sustainable and Circular Chemistry,
Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Lutz
- Structural
Biochemistry, Bijvoet Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of
Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3534 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marc-Etienne Moret
- Organic
Chemistry and Catalysis, Institute for Sustainable and Circular Chemistry,
Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
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45
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Gao Y, Smith JM. Enabling Nucleophilic Reactivity in High-Spin Fe(II) Imido Complexes: From Elementary Steps to Cooperative Catalysis. Acc Chem Res 2023; 56:3392-3403. [PMID: 37955993 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.3c00511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
ConspectusTransition metal complexes featuring an M═NR bond have received great attention as critical intermediates in the synthesis of nitrogen-containing compounds. In general, the properties of the imido ligand in these complexes are dependent on the nature of the metal center. Thus, the imido ligand tends to be nucleophilic in early transition metal complexes and electrophilic in late transition metal complexes. Nonetheless, the supporting ligand can have a dramatic effect on its reactivity. For example, there are sporadic examples of nucleophilic late transition metal imido complexes, often based on strongly donating supporting ligands. Building on these earlier works, in this Article, we show that the imido ligand in a low-coordinate high-spin bis(carbene)borate Fe(II) complex is able to access previously unknown reaction pathways, ultimately leading to new catalytic transformations. We first focus on the synthesis, characterization, and stoichiometric reactivity of a highly nucleophilic Fe(II) imido complex. The entry point for this system is the intermediate-spin three-coordinate Fe(III) imido complex, which is generated from the reaction of an Fe(I) synthon with an organic azide. Alkali metal reduction leads to a series of M+ (M = Li, Na, K) coordinated and charge-separated (M = K(18-C-6)) high-spin Fe(II) imido complexes, all of which have been isolated and fully characterized. Combined with the electronic structure calculations, these results reveal that the alkali ions moderately polarize the Fe═N bond according to K+ ≈ Na+ < Li+. As a result, the basicity of the imido ligand increases from the charged separated complex to K+, Na+, and Li+ coordinated complexes, as validated by intermolecular proton transfer equilibria. The impact of the counterion on imido ligand reactivity is demonstrated through protonation, alkylation, and hydrogen atom abstraction reactions. The counterion also directs the outcome of [2 + 2] reactions with benzophenone, where alkali coordination facilitates double bond metathesis. Building from here, we describe how the unusual nucleophilicity of the high-spin Fe(II) imido complex revealed in stoichiometric reactions can be extended to new catalytic transformations. For example, a [2 + 2] cycloaddition reaction serves as the basis for the catalytic guanylation of carbodiimides under mild conditions. More interestingly, this complex also exhibits the first ene-like reactivity of an M═NR bond in reactions with alkynes, nitriles, and alkenes. These transformations form the basis of catalytic alkyne and nitrile α-deuteration and pKa-dictated alkene transposition reactions, respectively. Mechanistic studies reveal the critical role of metal-ligand cooperativity in facilitating these catalytic transformations and suggest the new avenues for transition metal imido complexes in catalysis that extend beyond classical nitrene transfer chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Jeremy M Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
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46
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Singh T, Atreya V, Jalwal S, Anand A, Chakraborty S. Advances in Group VI Metal-Catalyzed Homogeneous Hydrogenation and Dehydrogenation Reactions. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202300758. [PMID: 37815164 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202300758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Transition metal-catalyzed homogeneous hydrogenation and dehydrogenation reactions for attaining plethora of organic scaffolds have evolved as a key domain of research in academia and industry. These protocols are atom-economic, greener, in line with the goal of sustainability, eventually pave the way for numerous novel environmentally benign methodologies. Appealing progress has been achieved in the realm of homogeneous catalysis utilizing noble metals. Owing to their high cost, less abundance along with toxicity issues led the scientific community to search for sustainable alternatives. In this context, earth- abundant base metals have gained substantial attention culminating enormous progress in recent years, predominantly with pincer-type complexes of nickel, cobalt, iron, and manganese. In this regard, group VI chromium, molybdenum and tungsten complexes have been overlooked and remain underdeveloped despite their earth-abundance and bio-compatibility. This review delineates a comprehensive overview in the arena of homogeneously catalysed (de)hydrogenation reactions using group VI base metals chromium, molybdenum, and tungsten till date. Various reactions have been described; hydrogenation, transfer hydrogenation, dehydrogenation, acceptorless dehydrogenative coupling, hydrogen auto transfer, along with their scope and brief mechanistic insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tushar Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Karwar, Jodhpur, 342037, Rajasthan
| | - Vaishnavi Atreya
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Karwar, Jodhpur, 342037, Rajasthan
| | - Sachin Jalwal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Karwar, Jodhpur, 342037, Rajasthan
| | - Aman Anand
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Karwar, Jodhpur, 342037, Rajasthan
| | - Subrata Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Karwar, Jodhpur, 342037, Rajasthan
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47
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Singh A, Kemper G, Weyhermüller T, Kaeffer N, Leitner W. Activated Mn-MACHO Complexes Form Stable CO 2 Adducts. Chemistry 2023:e202303438. [PMID: 38032321 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Manganese(I) carbonyl complexes bearing a MACHO-type ligand (HN(CH2 CH2 PR2 )2 ) readily react in their amido form with CO2 to generate 4-membered {Mn-N-C-O} metallacycles. The stability of the adducts decreases with the steric demand of the R groups at phosphorous (R=isopropyl>adamantyl). The CO2 -adducts display generally a lower reactivity as compared to the parent amido complexes. These adducts can thus be interpretated as masked forms of the active amido catalysts and potentially play important roles as off-loop species or branching points in catalytic transformations of carbon dioxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajeet Singh
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Gregor Kemper
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Thomas Weyhermüller
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Nicolas Kaeffer
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Walter Leitner
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
- Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
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48
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Sun F, Chen X, Wang S, Sun F, Zhao SY, Liu W. Borrowing Hydrogen β-Phosphinomethylation of Alcohols Using Methanol as C1 Source by Pincer Manganese Complex. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:25545-25552. [PMID: 37962982 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c10484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report a manganese-catalyzed three-component coupling of β-H containing alcohols, methanol, and phosphines for the synthesis of γ-hydroxy phosphines via a borrowing hydrogen strategy. In this development, methanol serves as a sustainable C1 source. A variety of aromatic and aliphatic substituted alcohols and phosphines could undergo the dehydrogenative cross-coupling process efficiently and deliver the corresponding β-phosphinomethylated alcohol products in moderate to good yields. Mechanistic studies suggest that this transformation proceeds in a sequential manner including catalytic dehydrogenation, aldol condensation, Michael addition, and catalytic hydrogenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feixiang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China
| | - Xin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China
| | - Siyi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China
| | - Fan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China
| | - Sheng-Yin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China
| | - Weiping Liu
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China
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Papendick M, Gudat D. Reversible Binding of Hydrogen and Styrene Coordination on a Manganese Phosphenium Complex. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202302525. [PMID: 37650872 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
The reactions of two complexes [(R NHP)Mn(CO)4 ] (R NHP=N-arylated N-heterocyclic phosphenium) with H2 at elevated pressure (≈4 bar) were studied by NMR spectroscopy. Irradiation with UV light initialized in one case (5 a, R=Dipp) the unselective formation of (R NHP-H)MnH(CO)4 ] (6 a) via cooperative addition of H2 across the Mn=P double bond. In the other case (5 b, R=Mes), addition of H2 was unobservable and the reaction proceeded via decarbonylation to a dimeric species [(R NHP)2 Mn2 (CO)7 ] (7 b) that was isolated and identified spectroscopically. Taking into account the outcome of further reaction studies under various conditions in the absence and presence of H2 , both transformations can be explained in the context of a common mechanism involving decarbonylation to 7 a,b as the first step, and the different outcome is attributable to the fact that 7 b is unreactive towards both H2 and CO while 7 a is not. DFT studies relate this divergence to deviations in the molecular constitution and stability arising from a different level of steric congestion. Preliminary studies suggest further that 5 a/H2 as well as 6 a enable the photo-induced hydrogenation of styrene to ethyl benzene, even if the mechanism and possibly catalytic nature of this process remain yet unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Papendick
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70550, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Dietrich Gudat
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70550, Stuttgart, Germany
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50
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Gupta R, Kumar A, Mani G. Dipyrromethane-diphosphine: the effect of meso substituents on the formation of nickel complexes and on their performance in the transfer hydrogenation of ketones. Dalton Trans 2023. [PMID: 37999651 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt03163b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Three dipyrromethane-diphosphine ligands containing phenyl (L1H2), ethyl (L2H2) and cyclohexyl (L3H2) groups at their meso positions and their nickel complexes were synthesized and structurally characterized. Treatment of Ph2C(C4H3N)2-1,9-(CH2PPh2)2 (L1H2) with [NiCl2(DME)] gave complex [NiCl2(κ2-P,P-L1H2)] 2a. Conversely, the analogous reactions of L2H2 and L3H2 with [NiCl2(DME)] showed a mixture of products containing both a pyrrolide nitrogen coordinated complex of type [Ni(κ4-P,N,N,P-L)] 3 without an exogenous base and a chelated complex of type 2a. In addition, all three ligands react with [NiCl2(DME)] in the presence of a strong base to give a complex of type 3. Furthermore, a novel binuclear Ni(0) complex bearing L1H2 was characterized by X-ray crystallography. Both complexes 2a and 3 (0.5 mol% of loading) catalyze the transfer hydrogenation of a series of aromatic and aliphatic ketones (20 substrates) to their corresponding secondary alcohols using iPrOH as a hydrogen source in the presence of KOH at 100 °C in 6 h. The kinetic trace of the catalytic reaction shows that the meso-phenyl substituted diphosphine coordinated nickel complexes perform better than the other two ligand coordinated nickel complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721 302 India.
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721 302 India.
| | - Ganesan Mani
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721 302 India.
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