1
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Wheaton AM, Chipman JA, Walde RK, Hofstetter H, Berry JF. Chemically Separable Co(II) Spin-State Isomers. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:26926-26935. [PMID: 39297881 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c08097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2024]
Abstract
The phenomenon of spin crossover involves coordination complexes with switchable spin states. This spin state change is accompanied by significant geometric changes such that low and high spin forms of a complex are distinct isomers that exist in equilibrium with one another. Typically, spin-state isomers interconvert rapidly and are similar enough in polarity to prevent their independent separation and isolation. We report here the first example, to our knowledge, of cobalt(II) spin-state isomers that can be physically separated. The reaction of Mo2(dpa)4 (dpa = 2,2'-dipyridylamide) with CoBr2 produces a mixture of two heterometallic compounds with a linear, metal-metal-bonded Mo[Formula: see text]Mo-Co chain. The complexes, SC-[BrMo2(dpa)4Co]Br (SC-2) and HS-[BrMo2(dpa)4CoBr] (HS-2), have identical compositions (Mo2Co(dpa)4Br2) but different ground spin states and coordination geometries of the Co(II) ion. In the solid state, SC-2 undergoes incomplete spin crossover from an S = 1/2 state to an S = 3/2 state, and HS-2 has a high spin, S = 3/2, ground state, as confirmed by SQUID magnetometry and EPR spectroscopy. Crystallographic analyses of SC-2 and HS-2 show that SC-2 has an elongated Co-Br distance relative to HS-2 and is best described as the salt [BrMo2(dpa)4Co]Br. This limits SC-2's solubility in nonpolar solvents and allows for the physical separation of the two isomers. Solution studies of SC-2 and HS-2 indicate that SC-2 and HS-2 interconvert slowly relative to the NMR time scale. Additional solution-state EPR and UV-vis absorption measurements demonstrate that the choice of solvent polarity determines the predominant isomer present in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia M Wheaton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Ave., Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Jill A Chipman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Ave., Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Rebecca K Walde
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Ave., Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Heike Hofstetter
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Ave., Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - John F Berry
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Ave., Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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2
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Hunter NH, Thomas CM. Polarized metal-metal multiple bonding and reactivity of phosphinoamide-bridged heterobimetallic group IV/cobalt compounds. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:15764-15781. [PMID: 39224084 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt02064b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Heterobimetallic complexes are studied for their ability to mimic biological systems as well as active sites in heterogeneous catalysts. While specific interest in early/late heterobimetallic systems has fluctuated, they serve as important models to fundamentally understand metal-metal bonding. Specifically, the polarized metal-metal multiple bonds formed in highly reduced early/late heterobimetallic complexes exemplify how each metal modulates the electronic environment and reactivity of the complex as a whole. In this Perspective, we chronicle the development of phosphinoamide-supported group IV/cobalt heterobimetallic complexes. This combination of metals allows access to a low valent Co-I center, which performs a rich variety of bond activation reactions when coupled with the pendent Lewis acidic metal center. Conversely, the low valent late transition metal is also observed to act as an electron reservoir, allowing for redox processes to occur at the d0 group IV metal site. Most of the bond activation reactions carried out by phosphinoamide-bridged M/Co-I (M = Ti, Zr, Hf) complexes are facilitated by cleavage of metal-metal multiple bonds, which serve as readily accessible electron reservoirs. Comparative studies in which both the number of buttressing ligands as well as the identity of the early metal were varied to give a library of heterobimetallic complexes are summarized, providing a thorough understanding of the reactivity of M/Co-I heterobimetallic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathanael H Hunter
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 W, 18th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Christine M Thomas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 W, 18th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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3
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Kozyreva AI, Yudin VN, Gaifulin YM, Ivanov AA, Yanshole VV, Shestopalov MA, Asanov IP, Evtushok VY, Evtushok DV. Exploring the Frontiers of Heterometallic Systems: the {FeW 5} Octahedral Cluster Complex. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:16128-16133. [PMID: 39171697 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c02594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
This research presents the first examples of heterometallic octahedral cluster complexes incorporating both 5d and 3d metals, specifically, tungsten and iron. The key compound, (TBA)2[FeW5Br14] (TBA = tetrabutylammonium), exhibits selective ligand substitution reactions at the iron site when exposed to various solvents. Several {FeW5}-type anions, namely, [FeW5Br14]2-, [FeW5Br13(L)]- (L = H2O, DMSO, CH3CN), and [(FeW5Br13)2O]4-, were revealed and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The redox properties of [FeW5Br14]2- were studied and compared with those of [W6Br14]2-. Density functional theory calculations demonstrated that the bonding between Fe and W atoms is fundamentally different from the bonding between 4d (Mo-Mo) or 5d (W-W) metals in isotypic {M6} clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia I Kozyreva
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry (NIIC), Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), 3 Acad. Lavrentiev Avenue, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova Strasse, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Vasiliy N Yudin
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry (NIIC), Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), 3 Acad. Lavrentiev Avenue, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Yakov M Gaifulin
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry (NIIC), Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), 3 Acad. Lavrentiev Avenue, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Anton A Ivanov
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry (NIIC), Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), 3 Acad. Lavrentiev Avenue, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Vadim V Yanshole
- Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova Strasse, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- International Tomography Center, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), 3a Institutskaya Strasse, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Michael A Shestopalov
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry (NIIC), Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), 3 Acad. Lavrentiev Avenue, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Igor P Asanov
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry (NIIC), Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), 3 Acad. Lavrentiev Avenue, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Vasilii Yu Evtushok
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), 5 Lavrentieva Avenue, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Darya V Evtushok
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry (NIIC), Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), 3 Acad. Lavrentiev Avenue, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
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4
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Eralie DMT, Ducilon J, Gorden AEV. Uranium Chemistry: Identifying the Next Frontiers†. Inorg Chem 2024. [PMID: 39190695 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c02173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
While uranium is the most extensively studied actinide in terms of chemical properties, there remains much to be explored about its fundamental chemistry. Organometallic and organoactinide chemistry first emerged in the 1950s with research that found inspiration from transition-metal chemistry with the synthesis and characterization of uranocene, expanding new opportunities for organoactinide chemistry. Since then, a significant amount of research has pursued many avenues characterizing the fundamental nature of the f orbitals and their modes of bonding as well as their potential in catalysis. Uranium(III/IV) arene complexes dominate much of uranium organometallic chemistry, with bonding interactions stabilized by δ-back-bonding. Recent additions to this area of chemistry include the first UI and new additions of UII organouranium compounds. Uranium-transition metal complexes are still rare and maintain UIV oxidation states, with variable bond lengths determining the transition-metal oxidation state. Resultant reactivities are discussed as synthetic complexes, and unique bonding and coordination motifs are highlighted. This Viewpoint will focus on significant developments in uranium chemistry from the last 15 years while considering key areas for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan M T Eralie
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79401, United States
| | - John Ducilon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79401, United States
| | - Anne E V Gorden
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79401, United States
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5
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Subasinghe SMS, Mankad NP. Lessons from recent theoretical treatments of Al-M bonds (M = Fe, Cu, Ag, Au) that capture CO 2. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:13709-13715. [PMID: 39106074 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt02018a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
Complexes with Al-M bonds (M = transition metal) have emerged as platforms for discovering new reaction chemistry either through cooperative bond activation behaviour of the heterobinuclear unit or by modifying the properties of the M site through its interaction with the Al centre. Therefore, elucidating the nature of Al-M bonding is critical to advancing this research area and typically involves careful theoretical modelling. This Frontier article reviews selected recent case studies that included theoretical treatments of Al-M bonds, specifically highlighting complexes capable of cooperative CO2 activation and focusing on extracting lessons particular to the Al-M sub-field that will inform future studies with theoretical/computational components.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Neal P Mankad
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA.
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6
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Uemura K, Adachi T, Takamori A, Yoshida M. Antiferromagnetic Interactions through the Thirteen Å Metal-Metal Distances in Heterometallic One-Dimensional Chains. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202408415. [PMID: 38844418 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202408415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
A heterometallic and paramagnetic one-dimensional aligned chain in -Rh(+2)-Rh(+2)- Pt(+2)-Ni(+2)-Pt(+2)- with direct metal-metal bonds was obtained via HOMO-LUMO interactions at the σ* (dz2) orbital between [Rh2(O2CCH3)4] and [Pt2Ni(piam)4(NH3)4] (piam=pivalamidate). The one-dimensional chains had straight backbones attributed to face-to-face stacking of each complex, and the Ni atoms were separated by approximately 13 Å from four different metals. Each Ni atom had two unpaired electrons in the d-orbitals, which strongly exchanged with J=-37.9 cm-1 through the diamagnetic -Pt-Rh-Rh-Pt- bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Uemura
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, Yanagido 1-1, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Tomonori Adachi
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, Yanagido 1-1, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Atsushi Takamori
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, Yanagido 1-1, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Michiyuki Yoshida
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, Yanagido 1-1, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
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7
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Spielvogel KD, Campbell EJ, Chowdhury SR, Benner F, Demir S, Hatzis GP, Petras HR, Sembukuttiarachchige D, Shepherd JJ, Thomas CM, Vlaisavljevich B, Daly SR. Modulation of Fe-Fe distance and spin in diiron complexes using tetradentate ligands with different flanking donors. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:8399-8402. [PMID: 39028006 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc02522a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Here we report the synthesis and characterization of diiron complexes containing triaryl N4 and N2S2 ligands derived from o-phenylenediamine. The complexes display significant differences in Fe-Fe distances and magnetic properties that depend on the identity of the flanking NMe2 and SMe donor groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle D Spielvogel
- The University of Iowa, Department of Chemistry, E331 Chemistry Building, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
| | - Emily J Campbell
- The University of Iowa, Department of Chemistry, E331 Chemistry Building, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
| | - Sabyasachi Roy Chowdhury
- The University of South Dakota, Department of Chemistry, 414 E Clark St., Vermillion SD, 57069, USA
| | - Florian Benner
- Michigan State University, Department of Chemistry, 578 South Shaw Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - Selvan Demir
- Michigan State University, Department of Chemistry, 578 South Shaw Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - Gillian P Hatzis
- The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 100 West 18th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Hayley R Petras
- The University of Iowa, Department of Chemistry, E331 Chemistry Building, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
| | | | - James J Shepherd
- The University of Iowa, Department of Chemistry, E331 Chemistry Building, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
| | - Christine M Thomas
- The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 100 West 18th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Bess Vlaisavljevich
- The University of Iowa, Department of Chemistry, E331 Chemistry Building, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
- The University of South Dakota, Department of Chemistry, 414 E Clark St., Vermillion SD, 57069, USA
| | - Scott R Daly
- The University of Iowa, Department of Chemistry, E331 Chemistry Building, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
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8
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Uemura K, Ikeda Y. Structure and redox behaviour of a paramagnetic Rh-Pt-Cu-Pt-Rh heterometallic-extended metal-atom chain. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:12867-12871. [PMID: 39037487 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt01134a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
A paramagnetic, pentanuclear, metal-metal bonded complex comprising three metals is isolated. The Cu dx2-y2 orbital of the Rh-Pt-Cu-Pt-Rh chain contains an unpaired electron. The close energetic levels and symmetric overlap of the Cu dx2-y2 and Rh-Pt δ* induces a charge-transfer reaction to achieve the diamagnetic Rh-Pt-Cu-Pt-Rh complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Uemura
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, Yanagido 1-1, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan.
| | - Yuya Ikeda
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, Yanagido 1-1, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan.
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9
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Shi J, Yang ZX, Wan H, Li B, Nie J, Huang T, Li L, Huang GF, Leng C, Si Y, Huang WQ. Rapid Construction of Double Crystalline Prussian Blue Analogue Hetero-Superstructure. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2311267. [PMID: 38534041 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202311267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
The controllable construction of complex metal-organic coordination polymers (CPs) merits untold scientific and technological potential, yet remains a grand challenge of one-step construction and modulating simultaneously valence states of metals and topological morphology. Here, a thiocyanuric acid (TCA)-triggered strategy is presented to one-step rapid synthesis a double-crystalline Prussian blue analogue hetero-superstructure (PBA-hs) that comprises a Co3[Fe(CN)6]2 cube overcoated with a KCo[Fe(CN)6] shell, followed by eight self-assembled small cubes on vertices. Unlike common directing surfactants, TCA not only acts as a trigger for the fast growth of KCo[Fe(CN)6] on the Co3[Fe(CN)6]2 phase resulting in a PBA-on-PBA hetero-superstructure, but also serves as a flange-like bridge between them. By combining experiments with simulations, a deprotonation-induced electron transfer (DIET) mechanism is proposed for formation of second phase in PBA-hs, differing from thermally and photo-induced electron transfer processes. To prove utility, the calcined PBA-hs exhibits enhanced oxygen evolution reaction performance. This work provides a new method to design of novel CPs for enriching chemistry and material science. This work offers a practical approach to design novel CPs for enriching chemistry and material science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghui Shi
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Zi-Xuan Yang
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Hui Wan
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Jianhang Nie
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Tao Huang
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Gui-Fang Huang
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Can Leng
- College of Intelligent Manufacture, Hunan First Normal University, Changsha, 410205, P. R. China
- National Supercomputing Center in Changsha, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Yubing Si
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Wei-Qing Huang
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
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10
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Inchausti A, Mollfulleda R, Swart M, Perles J, Herrero S, Baonza VG, Taravillo M, Lobato Á. Torsion Effects Beyond the δ Bond and the Role of π Metal-Ligand Interactions. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2401293. [PMID: 38569515 PMCID: PMC11220682 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202401293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Previous studies on bimetallic paddlewheel compounds have established a direct correlation between metal-metal distance and ligand torsion angles, leading to the rule that higher torsion results in longer metal-metal bond distances. Here, the new discovery based on diarylformamidinate Ru₂⁵⁺ paddlewheel compounds [Ru2Cl(DArF)4] that show an opposite behavior is reported: higher torsions lead to shorter metal-metal distances. This discovery challenges the assumption that internal rotation solely impacts the δ bond. By combining experimental and theoretical techniques, it is demostrated that this trend is associated with previously overlooked π metal-ligand interactions. These π metal-ligand interactions are a direct consequence of the paddlewheel structure and the conjugated nature of the bidentate ligands. This findings offer far-reaching insights into the influence of equatorial ligands and their π-conjugation characteristics on the electronic properties of paddlewheel complexes. That this effect is not exclusive of diruthenium compounds but also occurs in other bimetallic cores such as ditungsten or dirhodium is demonstrated, and with other ligands showing allyl type conjugation. These results provide a novel approach for fine-tuning the properties of these compounds with significant implications for materials design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Almudena Inchausti
- MALTA‐Consolider Team and Departamento de Química FísicaUniversidad Complutense de MadridPlz. Ciencias 2MadridE‐28040Spain
| | - Rosa Mollfulleda
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament de QuímicaUniversitat de Girona, Campus de MontiliviParc UdGCataloniaGironaE–17003Spain
| | - Marcel Swart
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament de QuímicaUniversitat de Girona, Campus de MontiliviParc UdGCataloniaGironaE–17003Spain
- ICREA Pg. Lluís Companys 23Barcelona08010Spain
| | - Josefina Perles
- Laboratorio de Difracción de Rayos X de MonocristalServicio Interdepartamental de Investigación, Universidad Autónoma de MadridMadridE‐28049Spain
| | - Santiago Herrero
- MatMoPol Research Group, Departamento de Química InorgánicaUniversidad Complutense de MadridPlz. Ciencias 2MadridE‐28040Spain
| | - Valentín G. Baonza
- MALTA‐Consolider Team and Departamento de Química FísicaUniversidad Complutense de MadridPlz. Ciencias 2MadridE‐28040Spain
| | - Mercedes Taravillo
- MALTA‐Consolider Team and Departamento de Química FísicaUniversidad Complutense de MadridPlz. Ciencias 2MadridE‐28040Spain
| | - Álvaro Lobato
- MALTA‐Consolider Team and Departamento de Química FísicaUniversidad Complutense de MadridPlz. Ciencias 2MadridE‐28040Spain
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11
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Li S, Li NN, Dong XY, Zang SQ, Mak TCW. Chemical Flexibility of Atomically Precise Metal Clusters. Chem Rev 2024; 124:7262-7378. [PMID: 38696258 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Ligand-protected metal clusters possess hybrid properties that seamlessly combine an inorganic core with an organic ligand shell, imparting them exceptional chemical flexibility and unlocking remarkable application potential in diverse fields. Leveraging chemical flexibility to expand the library of available materials and stimulate the development of new functionalities is becoming an increasingly pressing requirement. This Review focuses on the origin of chemical flexibility from the structural analysis, including intra-cluster bonding, inter-cluster interactions, cluster-environments interactions, metal-to-ligand ratios, and thermodynamic effects. In the introduction, we briefly outline the development of metal clusters and explain the differences and commonalities of M(I)/M(I/0) coinage metal clusters. Additionally, we distinguish the bonding characteristics of metal atoms in the inorganic core, which give rise to their distinct chemical flexibility. Section 2 delves into the structural analysis, bonding categories, and thermodynamic theories related to metal clusters. In the following sections 3 to 7, we primarily elucidate the mechanisms that trigger chemical flexibility, the dynamic processes in transformation, the resultant alterations in structure, and the ensuing modifications in physical-chemical properties. Section 8 presents the notable applications that have emerged from utilizing metal clusters and their assemblies. Finally, in section 9, we discuss future challenges and opportunities within this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Li
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Na-Na Li
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China
| | - Xi-Yan Dong
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China
| | - Shuang-Quan Zang
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Thomas C W Mak
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, SAR 999077, China
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12
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Neumann T, Thompson BC, Hebron D, Graycon DM, Collauto A, Roessler MM, Wilson DWN, Musgrave RA. Heterobimetallic 3d-4f complexes supported by a Schiff-base tripodal ligand. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:9921-9932. [PMID: 38808633 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt03760f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Complexes featuring multiple metal centres are of growing interest regarding metal-metal cooperation and its tuneability. Here the synthesis and characterisation of heterobimetallic complexes of a 3d metal (4: Mn, 5: Co) and lanthanum supported by a (1,1,1-tris[(3-methoxysalicylideneamino)methyl]ethane) ligand is reported, as well as discussion of their electronic structure via electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, electrochemical experiments and computational studies. Competitive binding experiments of the ligand and various metal salts unequivocally demonstrate that in these heterobimetallic complexes the 3d metal (Mn, Co) selectively occupies the κ6-N3O3 binding site of the ligand, whilst La occupies the κ6-O6 metal binding site in line with their relative oxophilicities. EPR spectroscopy supported by density functional theory analysis indicates that the 3d metal is high spin in both cases (S = 5/2 (Mn), 3/2 (Co)). Cyclic voltammetry studies on the Mn/La and Co/La bimetallic complexes revealed a quasi-reversible Mn2+/3+ redox process and poorly-defined irreversible oxidation events respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Till Neumann
- Department of Chemistry, King's College London, Britannia House, 7 Trinity Street, London, SE1 1DB, UK.
| | - Benedict C Thompson
- Department of Chemistry, King's College London, Britannia House, 7 Trinity Street, London, SE1 1DB, UK.
| | - Denny Hebron
- Department of Chemistry, King's College London, Britannia House, 7 Trinity Street, London, SE1 1DB, UK.
| | - Daniel M Graycon
- Department of Chemistry, King's College London, Britannia House, 7 Trinity Street, London, SE1 1DB, UK.
| | - Alberto Collauto
- Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, 82 Wood Lane, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Maxie M Roessler
- Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, 82 Wood Lane, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Daniel W N Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, King's College London, Britannia House, 7 Trinity Street, London, SE1 1DB, UK.
| | - Rebecca A Musgrave
- Department of Chemistry, King's College London, Britannia House, 7 Trinity Street, London, SE1 1DB, UK.
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13
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Skipper HE, Valaydon-Pillay A, Hyre AS, Rheingold AL, Stoian SA, Doerrer LH. Assessment of Iron-Based Spin-Orbit Coupling Effects in Pt-Fe Heterobimetallic Lantern Complexes via 57Fe Mössbauer Spectroscopy. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:10143-10159. [PMID: 38776972 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c04541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
A series of heterobimetallic lantern complexes, [PtFe(SOCR)4(pyX)] where R = Me, X = H (1), X = NH2 (2), X = SMe (3); R = Ph, X = H (4), X = NH2 (5), X = SMe (6), have been prepared and characterized spectroscopically. Compounds 1, 4, and 5 are reported herein for the first time. The high-spin iron(II) sites of 1-6 have been investigated using 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy. Although the isomer shift of these species is nearly identical, their quadrupole splitting exhibits a much larger variation. Moreover, the zero-field Mössbauer spectra of 3-5 show surprising changes over time which are likely indicative of small structural distortions. The field dependent Mössbauer study of 1 and 6 revealed a zero field splitting (ZFS) characterized by a relatively large and positive D value. The combined Density Functional Theory (DFT) and ab initio Complete Active Space Self-Consistent Field (CASSCF) investigation of 1-6 indicates that their ground state is best described using a linear combination of {|xz⟩, |yz⟩} states. Our theoretical analysis suggests that the ZFSs and magnitude of the quadrupole splitting of 1-6 are determined by the spin-orbit coupling of the three lowest orbital states which have a T2g parentage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah E Skipper
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Adam Valaydon-Pillay
- Department of Chemistry, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho 83844, United States
| | - Ariel S Hyre
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Arnold L Rheingold
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Sebastian A Stoian
- Department of Chemistry, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho 83844, United States
| | - Linda H Doerrer
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
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14
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Ma L, Pan X, Hong D, Fang H, Cui P. A scandium metalloligand supported Ni(0) complex with a heterobimetallocycle: versatile reactivity with unsaturated bonds. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:4222-4225. [PMID: 38525969 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc00547c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
A N2-bridged tetranuclear Sc(III)-Ni(0) complex featuring a Ni → Sc interaction and a 4-membered [Sc-N-C-Ni] ring was synthesized and characterized. Bimetallic reactivity was demonstrated via reactions with a series of unsaturated compounds containing NC, CN, CC, CO and NN bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Ma
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, S 189, Jiuhua Road, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaowei Pan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nankai University, No. 38 Tongyan Road, Haihe Education Park, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China.
| | - Dongjing Hong
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, S 189, Jiuhua Road, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, P. R. China.
| | - Huayi Fang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nankai University, No. 38 Tongyan Road, Haihe Education Park, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China.
| | - Peng Cui
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, S 189, Jiuhua Road, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, P. R. China.
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15
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Hess KM, Leach IF, Wijtenhorst L, Lee H, Klein JEMN. Valence Tautomerism Induced Proton Coupled Electron Transfer:X-H Bond Oxidation with a Dinuclear Au(II) Hydroxide Complex. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202318916. [PMID: 38324462 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202318916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
We report the preparation and characterization of the dinuclear AuII hydroxide complex AuII 2(L)2(OH)2 (L=N,N'-bis (2,6-dimethyl) phenylformamidinate) and study its reactivity towards weak X-H bonds. Through the interplay of kinetic analysis and computational studies, we demonstrate that the oxidation of cyclohexadiene follows a concerted proton-coupled electron transfer (cPCET) mechanism, a rare type of reactivity for Au complexes. We find that the Au-Au σ-bond undergoes polarization in the PCET event leading to an adjustment of oxidation levels for both Au centers prior to C(sp3)-H bond cleavage. We thus describe the oxidation event as a valence tautomerism-induced PCET where the basicity of one reduced Au-OH unit provides a proton acceptor and the second more oxidized Au center serves as an electron acceptor. The coordination of these events allows for unprecedented radical-type reactivity by a closed shell AuII complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristopher M Hess
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747, AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Isaac F Leach
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747, AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lisa Wijtenhorst
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747, AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hangyul Lee
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747, AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes E M N Klein
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747, AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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16
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Imperato M, Nicolini A, Borsari M, Briganti M, Chiesa M, Liao YK, Ranieri A, Raza A, Salvadori E, Sorace L, Cornia A. Quantum spin coherence and electron spin distribution channels in vanadyl-containing lantern complexes. Inorg Chem Front 2023; 11:186-195. [PMID: 38221947 PMCID: PMC10782212 DOI: 10.1039/d3qi01806g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
We herein investigate the heterobimetallic lantern complexes [PtVO(SOCR)4] as charge neutral electronic qubits based on vanadyl complexes (S = 1/2) with nuclear spin-free donor atoms. The derivatives with R = Me (1) and Ph (2) give highly resolved X-band EPR spectra in frozen CH2Cl2/toluene solution, which evidence the usual hyperfine coupling with the 51V nucleus (I = 7/2) and an additional superhyperfine interaction with the I = 1/2 nucleus of the 195Pt isotope (natural abundance ca. 34%). DFT calculations ascribe the spin density delocalization on the Pt2+ ion to a combination of π and δ pathways, with the former representing the predominant channel. Spin relaxation measurements in frozen CD2Cl2/toluene-d8 solution between 90 and 10 K yield Tm values (1-6 μs in 1 and 2-11 μs in 2) which compare favorably with those of known vanadyl-based qubits in similar matrices. Coherent spin manipulations indeed prove possible at 70 K, as shown by the observation of Rabi oscillations in nutation experiments. The results indicate that the heavy Group 10 metal ion is not detrimental to the coherence properties of the vanadyl moiety and that Pt-VO lanterns can be used as robust spin-coherent building blocks in materials science and quantum technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Imperato
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche e UdR INSTM, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia via G. Campi 103 41125 Modena Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Informatiche e Matematiche, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia via G. Campi 213/A 41125 Modena Italy
| | - Alessio Nicolini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche e UdR INSTM, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia via G. Campi 103 41125 Modena Italy
| | - Marco Borsari
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche e UdR INSTM, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia via G. Campi 103 41125 Modena Italy
| | - Matteo Briganti
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Ugo Schiff" e UdR INSTM, Università degli Studi di Firenze via della Lastruccia 3 50019 Sesto Fiorentino FI Italy
| | - Mario Chiesa
- Dipartimento di Chimica e NIS Centre, Università degli Studi di Torino via P. Giuria 7 10125 Torino Italy
| | - Yu-Kai Liao
- Dipartimento di Chimica e NIS Centre, Università degli Studi di Torino via P. Giuria 7 10125 Torino Italy
| | - Antonio Ranieri
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia via G. Campi 103 41125 Modena Italy
| | - Arsen Raza
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Ugo Schiff" e UdR INSTM, Università degli Studi di Firenze via della Lastruccia 3 50019 Sesto Fiorentino FI Italy
| | - Enrico Salvadori
- Dipartimento di Chimica e NIS Centre, Università degli Studi di Torino via P. Giuria 7 10125 Torino Italy
| | - Lorenzo Sorace
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Ugo Schiff" e UdR INSTM, Università degli Studi di Firenze via della Lastruccia 3 50019 Sesto Fiorentino FI Italy
| | - Andrea Cornia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche e UdR INSTM, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia via G. Campi 103 41125 Modena Italy
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17
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Scott AG, Galico DA, Bogacz I, Oyala PH, Yano J, Suturina EA, Murugesu M, Agapie T. High-Spin and Reactive Fe 13 Cluster with Exposed Metal Sites. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202313880. [PMID: 37871234 PMCID: PMC10962695 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202313880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Atomically defined large metal clusters have applications in new reaction development and preparation of materials with tailored properties. Expanding the synthetic toolbox for reactive high nuclearity metal complexes, we report a new class of Fe clusters, Tp*4 W4 Fe13 S12 , displaying a Fe13 core with M-M bonds that has precedent only in main group and late metal chemistry. M13 clusters with closed shell electron configurations can show significant stability and have been classified as superatoms. In contrast, Tp*4 W4 Fe13 S12 displays a large spin ground state of S=13. This compound performs small molecule activations involving the transfer of up to 12 electrons resulting in significant cluster rearrangements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna G. Scott
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 (USA)
| | - Diogo Alves Galico
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1 N6 N5 (Canada)
| | - Isabel Bogacz
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley, CA 94720 (USA)
| | - Paul H. Oyala
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 (USA)
| | - Junko Yano
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley, CA 94720 (USA)
| | | | - Muralee Murugesu
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1 N6 N5 (Canada)
| | - Theodor Agapie
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 (USA)
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18
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Reiß A, Reimann MK, Jin C, Wachter-Lehn M, Kremer RK, Pöttgen R, Fink K, Klopper W, Feldmann C. Experimental and computational study of the exchange interaction between the V(III) centers in the vanadium-cyclal dimer. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:17389-17397. [PMID: 37942816 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt03243d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
[V2(HCyclal)2] is prepared by controlled oxidation of vanadium nanoparticles at 50 °C in toluene. The V(0) nanoparticles are synthesized in THF by reduction of VCl3 with lithium naphthalenide. They exhibit very small particle sizes of 1.2 ± 0.2 nm and a high reactivity (e.g. with air or water). By reaction of V(0) nanoparticles with the azacrown ether H4Cyclal, [V2(HCyclal)2] is obtained with deep green crystals and high yield. The title compound exhibits a V(III) dimer (V⋯V: 304.1(1) pm) with two deprotonated [HCyclal]3- ligands as anions. V(0) nanoparticles as well as the sole coordination of V(III) by a crown ether as the ligand and nitrogen as sole coordinating atom are shown for the first time. Magnetic measurements and computational results point to antiferromagnetic coupling within the V(III) couple, establishing an antiferromagnetic spin S = 1 dimer with the magnetic susceptibility determined by the thermal population of the total spin ranging from ST = 0 to ST = 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Reiß
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Maximilian Kai Reimann
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 30, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Chengyu Jin
- Institut für Nanotechnologie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Martha Wachter-Lehn
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 2, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Reinhard K Kremer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Festkörperforschung, Heisenbergstraße 1, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Rainer Pöttgen
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 30, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Karin Fink
- Institut für Nanotechnologie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Wim Klopper
- Institut für Nanotechnologie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 2, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Claus Feldmann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
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19
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Kaluarachchige Don UI, Palmer Z, Ward CL, Lord RL, Groysman S. Combining [Mo VIO 3] and [M 0(CO) 3] (M = Mo, Cr) Fragments within the Same Complex: Synthesis and Reactivity of the Single Oxo-Bridged Heterobimetallics Supported by Xanthene-Based Heterodinucleating Ligands. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:15063-15075. [PMID: 37677846 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c01929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
A functional model of Mo-Cu carbon monoxide dehydrogenase (CODH) enzyme requires the presence of an oxidant (metal-oxo) and a metal-bound carbonyl in close proximity. In this work, we report the synthesis, characterization, and reactivity of a heterobimetallic complex combining Mo(VI) trioxo with Mo(0) tricarbonyl. The formation of the heterobimetallic complex is facilitated by the xanthene-bridged heterodinucleating ligand containing a hard catecholate chelate and a soft iminopyridine chelate. A catechol-coordinated square-pyramidal [MoVIO3] fragment interacts directly with the iminopyridine-bound [Mo0(CO)3] fragment via a single (oxo) bridge, with the overall disposition being related to the proposed first step in the CODH mechanism, where square-pyramidal [MoVIO2S] interacts with the [Cu-CO] via a single sulfido bridge. Our attempt to obtain a sulfido-bridged analogue (using [MoO3S]2- precursor) led to a mixture of products possibly containing different (oxo and sulfido) bridges. Despite a direct interaction between Mo(VI) and Mo(0) segments, no internal redox is observed, with the high lying occupied MOs being mostly d-π orbitals at Mo0(CO)3 and the low lying unoccupied MOs being d-π orbitals at MoVIO3. Due to the overall rigid structure, the heterobimetallic complex was found to be stable up to 100 °C in DMF-d7 (based on 1H NMR). The decomposition of the complex above this temperature does not produce CO2 (based on gas chromatography), dissociating stable Mo(CO)3(DMF)3 instead (based on IR). We also synthesized and studied the reactivity of the Mo(VI)/Cr(0) analogue. While this complex demonstrated more facile decomposition, no CO2 production was observed. Density functional theory calculations suggest that the formation of [CO2]2- and its subsequent reductive elimination is endergonic in the present system, likely due to the stability of fac-Mo0(CO)3 and the relative nucleophilic character of the carbonyl carbon engendered by back donation from Mo(0). The calculations also indicate that the replacement of one oxo by sulfido (both terminal and bridging), replacement of catechol with dithiolene, and replacement of Mo(0) with Cr(0) does not affect significantly the energetics of the process, likely requiring the use a less stable and less π-basic CO anchor.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zsolt Palmer
- Department of Chemistry, Grand Valley State University, 1 Campus Drive, Allendale, Michigan 49401, United States
| | - Cassandra L Ward
- Lumigen Instrument Center, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Richard L Lord
- Department of Chemistry, Grand Valley State University, 1 Campus Drive, Allendale, Michigan 49401, United States
| | - Stanislav Groysman
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Ave. Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
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20
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Pilar Del Río M, Villarroya BE, López JA, Geer AM, Lahoz FJ, Ciriano MA, Tejel C. Mixed-Valence Tetrametallic Iridium Chains. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301438. [PMID: 37402228 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
Neutral [X-{Ir2 }-{Ir2 }-X] (X=Cl, Br, SCN, I) and dicationic [L-{Ir2 }-{Ir2 }-L]2+ (L=MeCN, Me2 CO) tetrametallic iridium chains made by connecting two dinuclear {Ir2 } units ({Ir2 }=[Ir2 (μ-OPy)2 (CO)4 ], OPy=2-pyridonate) by an iridium-iridium bond are described. The complexes exhibit fractional averaged oxidation states of +1.5 and electronic delocalization along the metallic chain. While the axial ligands do not significantly affect the metal-metal bond lengths, the metallic chain has a significant impact on the iridium-L/X bond distances. The complexes show free rotation around the unsupported iridium-iridium bond in solution, with a low-energy transition state for the chloride chain. The absorption spectra of these complexes show characteristic bands at 438-504 nm, which can be fine-tuned by varying the terminal capping ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Pilar Del Río
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, Facultad de Ciencias, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - B Eva Villarroya
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, Facultad de Ciencias, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - José A López
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, Facultad de Ciencias, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ana M Geer
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, Facultad de Ciencias, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Fernando J Lahoz
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, Facultad de Ciencias, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Miguel A Ciriano
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, Facultad de Ciencias, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Cristina Tejel
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, Facultad de Ciencias, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
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21
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Hertler PR, Lewis RA, Wu G, Hayton TW. Measuring Metal-Metal Communication in a Series of Ketimide-Bridged [Fe 2] 6+ Complexes. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:11829-11836. [PMID: 37462407 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c01109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Reaction of Fe(acac)3 with 3 equiv of Li[N═C(R)Ph] (R = Ph, tBu) results in the formation of the [Fe2]6+ complexes, [Fe2(μ-N═C(R)Ph)2(N═C(R)Ph)4] (R = Ph, 1; tBu, 2), in low to moderate yields. Reaction of FeCl2 with 6 equiv of Li(N═C13H8) (HN═C13H8 = 9-fluorenone imine) results in the formation of [Li(THF)2]2[Fe(N═C13H8)4] (3) in good yield. Subsequent oxidation of 3 with ca. 0.8 equiv of I2 generates the [Fe2]6+ complex, [Fe2(μ-N═C13H8)2(N═C13H8)4] (4), along with free fluorenyl ketazine. Complexes 1, 2, and 4 were characterized by 1H NMR spectroscopy, X-ray crystallography, 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy, and SQUID magnetometry. The Fe-Fe distances in 1, 2, and 4 range from 2.803(7) to 2.925(1) Å, indicating that no direct Fe-Fe interaction is present in these complexes. The 57Fe Mössbauer spectra for complexes 1, 2, and 4 are all consistent with the presence of symmetry-equivalent high-spin Fe3+ centers. Finally, all three complexes exhibit a similar degree of antiferromagnetic coupling between the metal centers (J = -26 to -30 cm-1), as ascertained by SQUID magnetometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phoebe R Hertler
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Richard A Lewis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Guang Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Trevor W Hayton
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
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22
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Spentzos AZ, May SR, Confer AM, Gau MR, Carroll PJ, Goldberg DP, Tomson NC. Investigating Metal-Metal Bond Polarization in a Heteroleptic Tris-Ylide Diiron System. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:11487-11499. [PMID: 37428000 PMCID: PMC11071007 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c01068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
This article describes the synthesis, characterization, and S-atom transfer reactivity of a series of C3v-symmetric diiron complexes. The iron centers in each complex are coordinated in distinct ligand environments, with one (FeN) bound in a pseudo-trigonal bipyramidal geometry by three phosphinimine nitrogens in the equatorial plane, a tertiary amine, and the second metal center (FeC). FeC is coordinated, in turn, by FeN, three ylidic carbons in a trigonal plane, and, in certain cases, by an axial oxygen donor. The three alkyl donors at FeC form through the reduction of the appended N═PMe3 arms of the monometallic parent complex. The complexes were studied crystallographically, spectroscopically (NMR, UV-vis, and Mössbauer), and computationally (DFT, CASSCF) and found to be high-spin throughout, with short Fe-Fe distances that belie weak orbital overlap between the two metals. Further, the redox nature of this series allowed for the determination that oxidation is localized to the FeC. S-atom transfer chemistry resulted in the formal insertion of a S atom into the Fe-Fe bond of the reduced diiron complex to form a mixture of Fe4S and Fe4S2 products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariana Z. Spentzos
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University
of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104,
USA
| | - Sam R. May
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University
of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104,
USA
| | - Alex M. Confer
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University
of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104,
USA
| | - Michael R. Gau
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University
of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104,
USA
| | - Patrick J. Carroll
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University
of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104,
USA
| | | | - Neil C. Tomson
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University
of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104,
USA
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23
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Huang P, Meng M, Zhou G, Wang P, Wei W, Li H, Huang R, Liu F, Liu L. Dynamic orbital hybridization triggered spin-disorder renormalization via super-exchange interaction for oxygen evolution reaction. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2219661120. [PMID: 37186826 PMCID: PMC10214196 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2219661120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The oxygen evolution reaction (OER) underpins many aspects of energy storage and conversion in modern industry and technology, but which still be suffering from the dilemma of sluggish reaction kinetics and poor electrochemical performance. Different from the viewpoint of nanostructuring, this work focuses on an intriguing dynamic orbital hybridization approach to renormalize the disordering spin configuration in porous noble-metal-free metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) to accelerate the spin-dependent reaction kinetics in OER. Herein, we propose an extraordinary super-exchange interaction to reconfigure the domain direction of spin nets at porous MOFs through temporarily bonding with dynamic magnetic ions in electrolytes under alternating electromagnetic field stimulation, in which the spin renormalization from disordering low-spin state to high-spin state facilitates rapid water dissociation and optimal carrier migration, leading to a spin-dependent reaction pathway. Therefore, the spin-renormalized MOFs demonstrate a mass activity of 2,095.1 A gmetal-1 at an overpotential of 0.33 V, which is about 5.9 time of pristine ones. Our findings provide a insight into reconfiguring spin-related catalysts with ordering domain directions to accelerate the oxygen reaction kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peilin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing210098, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ming Meng
- School of Physics and Telecommunication Engineering, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou466001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Gang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing210098, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peifang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing210098, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenxian Wei
- Testing Center, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou225009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hao Li
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing210098, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing210098, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fuchi Liu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Nuclear Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guangxi541004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lizhe Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Nanotechnology and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing210093, People’s Republic of China
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Sun X, Hinz A, Schulz S, Zimmermann L, Scheer M, Roesky PW. Snapshots of sequential polyphosphide rearrangement upon metallatetrylene addition. Chem Sci 2023; 14:4769-4776. [PMID: 37181779 PMCID: PMC10171192 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc00806a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Insertion and functionalization of gallasilylenes [LPhSi-Ga(Cl)LBDI] (LPh = PhC(NtBu)2; LBDI = [{2,6-iPr2C6H3NCMe}2CH]) into the cyclo-E5 rings of [Cp*Fe(η5-E5)] (Cp* = η5-C5Me5; E = P, As) are reported. Reactions of [Cp*Fe(η5-E5)] with gallasilylene result in E-E/Si-Ga bond cleavage and the insertion of the silylene in the cyclo-E5 rings. [(LPhSi-Ga(Cl)LBDI){(η4-P5)FeCp*}], in which the Si atom binds to the bent cyclo-P5 ring, was identified as a reaction intermediate. The ring-expansion products are stable at room temperature, while isomerization occurred at higher temperature, and the silylene moiety further migrates to the Fe atom, forming the corresponding ring-construction isomers. Furthermore, reaction of [Cp*Fe(η5-As5)] with the heavier gallagermylene [LPhGe-Ga(Cl)LBDI] was also investigated. All the isolated complexes represent rare examples of mixed group 13/14 iron polypnictogenides, which could only be synthesized by taking advantage of the cooperativity of the gallatetrylenes featuring low-valent Si(ii) or Ge(ii) and Lewis acidic Ga(iii) units/entities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Sun
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Engesserstraße 15 Karlsruhe 76131 Germany
| | - Alexander Hinz
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Engesserstraße 15 Karlsruhe 76131 Germany
| | - Stephan Schulz
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (Cenide), University of Duisburg-Essen Universitätsstraße 5-7 Essen 45117 Germany
| | - Lisa Zimmermann
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Regensburg Universitätsstr. 31 Regensburg 93040 Germany
| | - Manfred Scheer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Regensburg Universitätsstr. 31 Regensburg 93040 Germany
| | - Peter W Roesky
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Engesserstraße 15 Karlsruhe 76131 Germany
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25
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Aristov MM, Geng H, Harris JW, Berry JF. Clarifying the structures of imidines: using crystallographic characterization to identify tautomers and localized systems of π-bonding. Acta Crystallogr C Struct Chem 2023; 79:133-141. [PMID: 36919971 PMCID: PMC10074040 DOI: 10.1107/s2053229623002036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen heterocycles are a class of organic compounds with extremely versatile functionality. Imidines, HN[C(NH)R]2, are a rare class of heterocycles related to imides, HN[C(O)R]2, in which the O atoms of the carbonyl groups are replaced by N-H groups. The useful synthesis of the imidine compounds succinimidine and glutarimidine, as well as their partially hydrolyzed imino-imide congeners, was first described in the mid-1950s, though structural characterization is presented for the first time in this article. In the solid state, these structures are different from the proposed imidine form: succinimidine crystallizes as an imino-amine, 2-imino-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrrol-5-amine, C4H7N2 (1), glutarimidine as 6-imino-3,4,5,6-tetrahydropyridin-2-amine methanol monosolvate, C5H9N3·CH3OH (2), and the corresponding hydrolyzed imino-imide compounds as amino-amides 5-amino-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrrol-2-one, C4H6N2O (3), and 6-amino-4,5-dihydropyridin-2(3H)-one, C5H8N2O (4). Imidine 1 was also determined as the hydrochloride salt solvate 5-amino-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrrol-2-iminium chloride-2-imino-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrrol-5-amine-water (1/1/1), C4H8N3+·Cl-·C4H7N3·H2O (1·HCl). As such, 1 and 2 show alternating short and long C-N bonds across the molecule, revealing distinct imino (C=NH) and amine (C-NH2) groups throughout the C-N backbone. These structures provide definitive evidence for the predominant imino-amine tautomer in the solid state, which serves to enrich the previously proposed imidine-focused structures that have appeared in organic chemistry textbooks since the discovery of this class of compounds in 1883.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael M. Aristov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Ave, Madison, WI 53703, USA
| | - Han Geng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Ave, Madison, WI 53703, USA
| | - James W. Harris
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Ave, Madison, WI 53703, USA
| | - John F. Berry
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Ave, Madison, WI 53703, USA
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26
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Walters DT, Aristov MM, Babadi Aghakhanpour R, SantaLucia DJ, Costa S, Olmstead MM, Berry JF, Balch AL. Self-Assembled Encapsulation of CuX 2- (X = Br, Cl) in a Gold Phosphine Box-like Cavity with Metallophilic Au-Cu Interactions. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:4467-4475. [PMID: 36897254 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c04067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic routes to the crystallization of two new box-like complexes, [Au6(Triphos)4(CuBr2)](OTf)5·(CH2Cl2)3·(CH3OH)3·(H2O)4 (1) and [Au6(Triphos)4 (CuCl2)](PF6)5·(CH2Cl2)4 (2) (triphos = bis(2-diphenylphosphinoethyl)phenylphosphine), have been developed. The two centrosymmetric cationic complexes have been structurally characterized through single-crystal X-ray diffraction and shown to contain a CuX2- (X = Br or Cl) unit suspended between two Au(I) centers without the involvement of bridging ligands. These colorless crystals display green luminescence (λem = 527 nm) for (1) and teal luminescence (λem = 464 nm) for (2). Computational results document the metallophilic interactions that are involved in positioning the Cu(I) center between the two Au(I) ions and in the luminescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel T Walters
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 05616, United States
| | - Michael M Aristov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Reza Babadi Aghakhanpour
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 05616, United States
| | - Daniel J SantaLucia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Sarah Costa
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 05616, United States
| | - Marilyn M Olmstead
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 05616, United States
| | - John F Berry
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Alan L Balch
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 05616, United States
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Uemura K, Ikeda Y, Takamori A, Takeyama T, Iwatsuki S. Asymmetrical Platinum and Rhodium Dinuclear Complex Strongly Bound to Filled d z 2 ${{_{{\rm z}{^{2}}}}}$ Complexes by Unbridged Pt-Metal Bonds: Toward Heterometallic-Extended Metal Atom Chains. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202204057. [PMID: 36585834 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202204057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Heterometallic extended metal atom chains (EMACs) aligned with three types of metal were rationally synthesized by forming unbridged metal-metal bonds based on the interactions between highest occupied and lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals at the d z 2 ${{_{{\rm z}{^{2}}}}}$ orbital. These chains form pentanuclear structures aligned as Rh-Pt-M-Pt-Rh with relatively large formation constants of 5.0×1013 M-2 for M=Pt and 6.3×1011 M-2 for M=Pd, while retaining their backbones in solution. In the case of M=Cu, the original Cu(+2) atoms were reduced to Cu(+1) during the synthetic process. Cu(+1) has an unprecedented trigonal bipyramidal coordination geometry. The reported synthesis based on asymmetrical dinuclear complexes provides a guideline for the synthesis of hetero-EMACs to allow several analogs through judicious combinations realized by tuning the number of metal nuclei and metal species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Uemura
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, Yanagido 1-1, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Yuya Ikeda
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, Yanagido 1-1, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Atsushi Takamori
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, Yanagido 1-1, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Takeyama
- Laboratory for Zero-Carbon Energy Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1N1-32, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan
| | - Satoshi Iwatsuki
- Department of Chemistry, Konan University, Higashinada-ku, Kobe, 658-8501, Japan
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28
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Jin X, Wang G, Zhou M. Mg(I)-Fe(-II) and Mg(0)-Mg(I) covalent bonding in the Mg nFe(CO) 4- ( n = 1, 2) anion complexes: an infrared photodissociation spectroscopic and theoretical study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:7697-7703. [PMID: 36866694 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp05719k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Heteronuclear magnesium-iron carbonyl anion complexes MgFe(CO)4- and Mg2Fe(CO)4- are produced in the gas phase and are detected by mass-selected infrared photodissociation spectroscopy in the carbonyl stretching frequency region. The geometric structures and the metal-metal bonding are discussed with the aid of quantum chemical calculations. Both complexes are characterized to have a doublet electronic ground state with C3v symmetry containing a Mg-Fe bond or a Mg-Mg-Fe bonding unit. Bonding analyses indicate that each complex involves an electron-sharing Mg(I)-Fe(-II) σ bond. The Mg2Fe(CO)4- complex involves a relatively weak covalent Mg(0)-Mg(I) σ bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Jin
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative Materials, Fudan University Shanghai, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Guanjun Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative Materials, Fudan University Shanghai, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Mingfei Zhou
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative Materials, Fudan University Shanghai, Shanghai 200438, China.
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29
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Nicolini A, Anderlini B, Roncaglia F, Cornia A. An efficient transition-metal-free route to oligo- α-pyridylamines via fluoroarenes. CR CHIM 2023. [DOI: 10.5802/crchim.223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
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30
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Li ZY, Chang H, Zhao JJ, Zhang C, Wu DQ, Zhai B. Tunable structures and magnetic / optical properties of six Cd(II)-based coordination polymers by introducing different para- or dia-magnetic metal ions. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2023.135270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
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31
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Antioxidant conjugated metal complexes and their medicinal applications. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2023; 121:319-353. [PMID: 36707139 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2022.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Antioxidants are naturally available and man-made substances have the ability to protect cells from damage due to a number of intracellular redox activities. Moreover, Antioxidants such as α-lipoic acid, curcumin and catechin are good anticancer agents. In recent years, the usage of metal complexes as therapeutic agents is gaining importance due to their useful biological properties. Most of the metal ions act as the essential components in building drug molecules that serve as medicines for cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. In particular, metals like copper, gold, ruthenium, and platinum have adequate anticancer properties at both micro- and nano-levels. Hence, conjugation of antioxidants with metals and metal-based compounds results in hybrid bioactive materials with improved anticancer properties. In this chapter, medicinal applications of antioxidant conjugated metal complexes are reviewed and discussed.
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32
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Govindarajan R, Deolka S, Khusnutdinova JR. Heterometallic bond activation enabled by unsymmetrical ligand scaffolds: bridging the opposites. Chem Sci 2022; 13:14008-14031. [PMID: 36540828 PMCID: PMC9728565 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc04263k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Heterobi- and multimetallic complexes providing close proximity between several metal centers serve as active species in artificial and enzymatic catalysis, and in model systems, showing unique modes of metal-metal cooperative bond activation. Through the rational design of well-defined, unsymmetrical ligand scaffolds, we create a convenient approach to support the assembly of heterometallic species in a well-defined and site-specific manner, preventing them from scrambling and dissociation. In this perspective, we will outline general strategies for the design of unsymmetrical ligands to support heterobi- and multimetallic complexes that show reactivity in various types of heterometallic cooperative bond activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Govindarajan
- Coordination Chemistry and Catalysis Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son 904-0495 Okinawa Japan
| | - Shubham Deolka
- Coordination Chemistry and Catalysis Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son 904-0495 Okinawa Japan
| | - Julia R Khusnutdinova
- Coordination Chemistry and Catalysis Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son 904-0495 Okinawa Japan
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Pathak K, Mishra S, Bairagi S, Rajeshwaree B, Dutta A, Ghosh S. Thiolate-Bridged Heterodinuclear Manganese–Cobalt Complexes with Bridging Hydride Ligands. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kriti Pathak
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Shivankan Mishra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Subhash Bairagi
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - B. Rajeshwaree
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Arnab Dutta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Sundargopal Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
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34
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Uemura K, Takamori A. Recent studies on the magnetic properties of paramagnetic metals linked by diamagnetic second metals. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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35
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Wheaton A, Chipman JA, Roy MD, Berry JF. Metal-Metal Bond Umpolung in Heterometallic Extended Metal Atom Chains. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:15058-15069. [PMID: 36094078 PMCID: PMC9632685 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c02118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the fundamental properties governing metal-metal interactions is crucial to understanding the electronic structure and thereby applications of multimetallic systems in catalysis, material science, and magnetism. One such property that is relatively underexplored within multimetallic systems is metal-metal bond polarity, parameterized by the electronegativities (χ) of the metal atoms involved in the bond. In heterobimetallic systems, metal-metal bond polarity is a function of the donor-acceptor (Δχ) interactions of the two bonded metal atoms, with electropositive early transition metals acting as electron acceptors and electronegative late transition metals acting as electron donors. We show in this work, through the preparation and systematic study of a series of Mo2M(dpa)4(OTf)2 (M = Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, and Ni; dpa = 2,2'-dipyridylamide; OTf = trifluoromethanesulfonate) heterometallic extended metal atom chain (HEMAC) complexes that this expected trend in χ can be reversed. Physical characterization via single-crystal X-ray diffraction, magnetometry, and spectroscopic methods as well as electronic structure calculations supports the presence of a σ symmetry 3c/3e- bond that is delocalized across the entire metal-atom chain and forms the basis of the heterometallic Mo2-M interaction. The delocalized 3c/3e- interaction is discussed within the context of the analogous 3c/3e- π bonding in the vinoxy radical, CH2CHO. The vinoxy comparison establishes three predictions for the σ symmetry 3c/3e- bond in HEMACS: (1) an umpolung effect that causes the Mo-M interactions to become more covalent as Δχ increases, (2) distortion of the σ bonding and non-bonding orbitals to emphasize Mo-M bonding and de-emphasize Mo-Mo bonding, and (3) an increase in Mo spin population with increasing Mo-M covalency. In agreement with these predictions, we find that the Mo2···M covalency increases with increasing Δχ of the Mo and M atoms (ΔχMo-M increases as M = Cr < Mn < Fe < Co < Ni), an umpolung of the trend predicted in the absence of σ delocalization. We attribute the observed trend in covalency to the decreased energic differential (ΔE) between the heterometal d z 2 orbital and the σ bonding molecular orbital of the Mo2 quadruple bond, which serves as an energetically stable, "ligand"-like electron-pair donor to the heterometal ion acceptor. As M is changed from Cr to Ni, the σ bonding and nonbonding orbitals do indeed distort as anticipated, and the spin population of the outer Mo group is increased by at least a factor of 2. These findings provide a predictive framework for multimetallic compounds and advance the current understanding of the electronic structures of molecular heteromultimetallic systems, which can be extrapolated to applications in the context of mixed-metal surface catalysis and multimetallic proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia
M. Wheaton
- Department of Chemistry, University
of Wisconsin−Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Jill A. Chipman
- Department of Chemistry, University
of Wisconsin−Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Michael D. Roy
- Department of Chemistry, University
of Wisconsin−Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - John. F. Berry
- Department of Chemistry, University
of Wisconsin−Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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36
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Suzuki N, Yoneyama S, Sato K, Shiba K, Nakayama T, Uematsu Y, Sakurai K. Synthesis of O,N,O-P-multidentate ligands and their heterobimetallic complexes. J Organomet Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2022.122531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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37
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Synthesis of a Heterometallic [Zn2Ca] Pinwheel Array Stabilized by Amide-Amide Synthons. INORGANICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/inorganics10080118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The rational design of heterometallic compounds bearing s-block metal ions have been a difficult task for chemists owing to their lack of preferential geometries. However, some strategies, such as the design of coordinating pockets with different sizes and/or donor atoms, have offered great results. In this work, this strategy has been tested using Ca(II) as an s-block metal ion and a compound previously obtained by our group with the formula [Zn3(μ-ACA)6(4-phpy)2], which contains tetrahedral N,O- and octahedral O-coordinating pockets as a model structure. From this work, the corresponding heterometallic compound with the formula [Zn2Ca(μ-ACA)6(4-phpy)2]·EtOH (1) has been successfully synthesized, and fully characterized, and its crystal structure has been elucidated. Furthermore, we have compiled all the crystal structures containing [Zn2M] pinwheel secondary building units (SBUs), where M stands for an s-block metal ion, and the observed tendencies, as well as the promising applications as template SBUs for the preparation of 1D–3D coordination polymers, have been discussed. Finally, solid-state UV-Vis and photoluminescence have been recorded and compared with the homometallic [Zn3(μ-ACA)6(4-phpy)2] compound.
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38
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Deka R, Sarkar A, Butcher RJ, Singh HB. Availing the ambiphilicity of an organotellurenyl cation for the synthesis of platinum(II)‐based carboxylate‐bridged heterobimetallic complex: Structure and bonding analysis. Eur J Inorg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202200403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Deka
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Chemistry Chemistry DepartmentIndia Institute of Technology Bombay 400076 Mumbai INDIA
| | - Arup Sarkar
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Chemistry INDIA
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39
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Shaik S, Danovich D, Hiberty PC. On The Nature of the Chemical Bond in Valence Bond Theory. J Chem Phys 2022; 157:090901. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0095953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This perspective outlines a panoramic description of the nature of the chemical bond according to valence bond theory. It describes single bonds, and charge-shift bonds (CSBs) in which the entire/most of the bond energy arises from the resonance between the covalent and ionic structures of the bond. Many CSBs are homonuclear bonds. Hypervalent molecules are CSBs. Then we describe multiply bonded molecules with emphasis on C2 and 3O2. The perspective outlines an effective methodology of peeling the electronic structure to the necessary minimum: a structure with a quadruple bond, and two minor structures with double bonds, which stabilize the quadruple bond by resonance. 3O2 is chosen because it is a persistent diradical. The persistence of 3O2 is due to the large CSB resonance interaction of the π-3-electron bonds. Subsequently, we describe the roles of π vs. σ in the geometric preferences in unsaturated molecules, and their Si-based analogs. Then, the perspective discusses bonding in clusters of univalent metal-atoms, which possess only parallel spins, and are nevertheless bonded due to multiple resonance interactions. The bond energy reaches ~40 kcal/mol for a pair of atoms (in n+1Cun; n~10-12). The final subsection discusses singlet excited states in ethene, ozone and SO2. It demonstrates the capability of the breathing-orbital VB method to yield an accurate description of a variety of excited states using 10 or less VB structures. Furthermore, the method underscores covalent structures which play a key role in the correct description and bonding of these excited states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sason Shaik
- Hebrew University of Jerusalem Institute of Chemistry, Israel
| | - David Danovich
- Hebrew University of Jerusalem Institute of Chemistry, Israel
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40
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Sinhababu S, Mankad NP. Diverse Thermal and Photochemical Reactivity of an Al–Fe Bonded Heterobimetallic Complex. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Soumen Sinhababu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 W. Taylor Street, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Neal P. Mankad
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 W. Taylor Street, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
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41
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Cheng M, Lee G, Lin T, Liu Y, Chiang M, Chen C, Peng S. Metal replacement in the syntheses of
M
A
M
B
M
C
heterometallic metal‐string complexes:
MPdM
'(dpa)
4
Cl
2
. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.202200154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ming‐Chuan Cheng
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Emerging Material and Advanced Devices National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica Taipei Taiwan
| | - Gene‐Hsiang Lee
- Instrumentation Center, College of Science National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Tien‐Sung Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Emerging Material and Advanced Devices National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Yu‐Chiao Liu
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica Taipei Taiwan
| | | | - Chun‐hsien Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Emerging Material and Advanced Devices National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Shie‐Ming Peng
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Emerging Material and Advanced Devices National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica Taipei Taiwan
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42
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Chi XW, Wu QY, Wang CZ, Yu JP, Liu K, Chi RA, Chai ZF, Shi WQ. A Theoretical Study of Unsupported Uranium–Ruthenium Bonds Based on Tripodal Ligands. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Wang Chi
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- School of Resource & Safety Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430073, China
| | - Qun-Yan Wu
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Cong-Zhi Wang
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ji-Pan Yu
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kang Liu
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ru-An Chi
- School of Resource & Safety Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430073, China
| | - Zhi-Fang Chai
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wei-Qun Shi
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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43
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Structural Diversity of Lithium Oligo-α-Pyridylamides. CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/chemistry4020037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lithium oligo-α-pyridylamides are useful intermediates in coordination chemistry. Upon trans-metalation they have afforded a variety of extended metal atom chains (EMACs), which are currently investigated as molecular wires and single-molecule magnets. However, structural information on this class of compounds is scarce. Two trilithium salts of a new, sterically encumbered oligo-α-pyridylamido ligand were isolated in crystalline form and structurally characterized in the solid state and in solution. Lithiation of N2-(trimethylsilyl)-N6-{6-[(trimethylsilyl)amino]pyridin-2-yl}pyridine-2,6-diamine (H3L) with n-BuLi in thf yielded dimeric adduct [Li6L2(thf)6] (1), which was crystallized from n-hexane/thf as 1·C6H14. Crystals of a tetra-thf solvate with formula [Li6L2(thf)4] (2) were also obtained. The compounds feature two twisted L3− ligands exhibiting a cis-cis conformation and whose five nitrogen donors are all engaged in metal coordination. The six Li+ ions per molecule display coordination numbers ranging from 3 to 5. Compound 1·C6H14 was investigated by multinuclear 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy, including 1H DOSY experiments, which indicated retention of the dimeric structure in benzene-d6 solution. To the best of our knowledge, 1 and 2 are the longest-chain lithium oligo-α-pyridylamides structurally authenticated so far, thereby qualifying as appealing intermediates to access high-nuclearity EMACs by trans-metalation.
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44
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Takamori A, Uemura K. Dimerization of Paramagnetic Trinuclear Complexes by Coordination Geometry Changes Showing Mixed Valency and Significant Antiferromagnetic Coupling through -Pt···Pt- Bonds. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:5762-5778. [PMID: 35380821 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c03848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Paramagnetic trinuclear complexes, trans-[Pt2M(piam)4(NH3)4](ClO4)x (t-M; piam = pivalamidate, M = Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu, x = 2 or 3), aligned as Pt-M-Pt were successfully synthesized and characterized. The dihedral angles between the Pt and M coordination planes in t-M are approximately parallel, showing straight metal-metal bonds with distances of approximately 2.6 Å. Except for t-Fe, the trinuclear complexes are dimerized with close contact (approximately 3.9 Å) between the end Pt atoms to form Pt-M-Pt···Pt-M-Pt alignments with high-spin M(+2) containing five (t-Mn), three (t-Co), two (t-Ni), and one (t-Cu) unpaired electrons localized on M atoms. Several physical measurements and calculations revealed that the dimerized structures were maintained in MeCN, where cyclic voltammograms for t-M exhibited two-step oxidation and reduction attributed to Pt-M(+2)-Pt···Pt-M(+2)-Pt ↔ Pt-M(+3)-Pt···Pt-M(+2)-Pt ↔ Pt-M(+3)-Pt···Pt-M(+3)-Pt via mixed-valent states. Magnetic susceptibility measurements for t-M showed antiferromagnetic interaction, t-Mn: J = -0.9 cm-1, t-Co: J = -3.5 cm-1, t-Ni: J = -7.3 cm-1, and t-Cu: J = 0.0 cm-1, between the two M centers with distances of 9.0 Å through Pt···Pt bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Takamori
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, Yanagido 1-1, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Uemura
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, Yanagido 1-1, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
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45
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Zhou Z, McNeely J, Greenough J, Wei Z, Han H, Rouzières M, Rogachev AY, Clérac R, Petrukhina MA. Lanthanide-mediated tuning of electronic and magnetic properties in heterotrimetallic cyclooctatetraenyl multidecker self-assemblies. Chem Sci 2022; 13:3864-3874. [PMID: 35432895 PMCID: PMC8966735 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc00631f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of a novel family of homoleptic COT-based heterotrimetallic self-assemblies bearing the formula [LnKCa(COT)3(THF)3] (Ln(iii) = Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, and Yb) is reported followed by their X-ray crystallographic and magnetic characterization. All crystals conform to the monoclinic P21/c space group with a slight compression of the unit cell from 3396.4(2) Å3 to 3373.2(4) Å3 along the series. All complexes exhibit a triple-decker structure having the Ln(iii) and K(i) ions sandwiched by three COT2- ligands with an end-bound {Ca2+(THF)3} moiety to form a non-linear (153.5°) arrangement of three different metals. The COT2- ligands act in a η8-mode with respect to all metal centers. A detailed structural comparison of this unique set of heterotrimetallic complexes has revealed consistent trends along the series. From Gd to Yb, the Ln to ring-centroid distance decreases from 1.961(3) Å to 1.827(2) Å. In contrast, the separation of K(i) and Ca(ii) ions from the COT-centroid (2.443(3) and 1.914(3) Å, respectively) is not affected by the change of Ln(iii) ions. The magnetic property investigation of the [LnKCa(COT)3(THF)3] series (Ln(iii) = Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, and Tm) reveals that the Dy, Er, and Tm complexes display slow relaxation of their magnetization, in other words, single-molecule magnet (SMM) properties. This behaviour is dominated by thermally activated (Orbach-like) and quantum tunneling processes for [DyKCa(COT)3(THF)3] in contrast to [ErKCa(COT)3(THF)3], in which the thermally activated and Raman processes appear to be relevant. Details of the electronic structures and magnetic properties of these complexes are further clarified with the help of DFT and ab initio theoretical calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York Albany NY 12222 USA
| | - James McNeely
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University Boston MA USA
| | - Joshua Greenough
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York Albany NY 12222 USA
| | - Zheng Wei
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York Albany NY 12222 USA
| | - Haixiang Han
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University Ithaca New York 14853 USA
| | - Mathieu Rouzières
- Univ. of Bordeaux, CNRS, Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal, UMR 5031 F-33600 Pessac France
| | - Andrey Yu Rogachev
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois Institute of Technology Chicago IL 60616 USA
| | - Rodolphe Clérac
- Univ. of Bordeaux, CNRS, Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal, UMR 5031 F-33600 Pessac France
| | - Marina A Petrukhina
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York Albany NY 12222 USA
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46
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The crystal structure of tetrakis(6-phenylpyridine-2-carboxylato-κ 2N,O)-bis(1 H-pyrazol-3-ylamine-κ 2
N:N)dicobalt(II) dihydrate, C 27H 23N 5O 5Co. Z KRIST-NEW CRYST ST 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/ncrs-2022-0065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
C27H23N5O5Co, triclinic,
P
1
‾
$P\bar{1}$
(no. 2), a = 8.6503(7) Å, b = 11.1188(8) Å, c = 13.2711(11) Å, α = 79.185(7)°, β = 71.970(7)°, γ = 87.951(6)°, V = 1191.85(17) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt
(F) = 0.0450, wR
ref
(F
2) = 0.1143, T = 200 K.
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47
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Sinhababu S, Radzhabov MR, Telser J, Mankad NP. Cooperative Activation of CO 2 and Epoxide by a Heterobinuclear Al-Fe Complex via Radical Pair Mechanisms. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:3210-3221. [PMID: 35157448 PMCID: PMC9308047 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c13108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Activation of inert molecules like CO2 is often mediated by cooperative chemistry between two reactive sites within a catalytic assembly, the most common form of which is Lewis acid/base bifunctionality observed in both natural metalloenzymes and synthetic systems. Here, we disclose a heterobinuclear complex with an Al-Fe bond that instead activates CO2 and other substrates through cooperative behavior of two radical intermediates. The complex Ldipp(Me)AlFp (2, Ldipp = HC{(CMe)(2,6-iPr2C6H3N)}2, Fp = FeCp(CO)2, Cp = η5-C5H5) was found to insert CO2 and cyclohexene oxide, producing LdippAl(Me)(μ:κ2-O2C)Fp (3) and LdippAl(Me)(μ-OC6H10)Fp (4), respectively. Detailed mechanistic studies indicate unusual pathways in which (i) the Al-Fe bond dissociates homolytically to generate formally AlII and FeI metalloradicals, then (ii) the metalloradicals add to substrate in a pairwise fashion initiated by O-coordination to Al. The accessibility of this unusual mechanism is aided, in part, by the redox noninnocent nature of Ldipp that stabilizes the formally AlII intermediates, instead giving them predominantly AlIII-like physical character. The redox noninnocent nature of the radical intermediates was elucidated through direct observation of LdippAl(Me)(OCPh2) (22), a metalloradical species generated by addition of benzophenone to 2. Complex 22 was characterized by X-band EPR, Q-band EPR, and ENDOR spectroscopies as well as computational modeling. The "radical pair" pathway represents an unprecedented mechanism for CO2 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumen Sinhababu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 W. Taylor St., Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Maxim R. Radzhabov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 W. Taylor St., Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Joshua Telser
- Department of Biological, Physical and Health Sciences, Roosevelt University, Chicago, Illinois 60605, United States
| | - Neal P. Mankad
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 W. Taylor St., Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
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48
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Evidence of electronic interactions between end platinum atoms of hexanuclear units in heterometallic one-dimensional chains. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.131694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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49
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Zhu Z, Tang J. Metal–metal bond in lanthanide single-molecule magnets. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:9469-9481. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00516f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This review surveys recent critical advances in lanthanide SMMs, highlighting the influences of metal–metal bonds on the magnetization dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jinkui Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
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50
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Du J, He X, Hong D, Zhou S, Fang H, Cui P. Phosphinoamido Ligand Supported Heterobimetallic Rare-Earth Metal-Palladium Complexes: Versatile Structures and Redox Reactivities. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:8777-8785. [DOI: 10.1039/d2dt01084d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Heterobimetallic Ln(III)-Pd(0) complexes (Ln = Y, Sm, Gd, Yb) featuring tetranuclear structures with COD as bridges were obtained via the metallation of tris(phosphinoamido) rare-earth metal complexes [Ph2PNAd]3Ln (Ad = admantyl)...
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