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Gao C, Long J, Yue Y, Li B, Huang Y, Wang Y, Zhang J, Zhang L, Qian G. Degradation and regeneration inhibition of PCDD/Fs in incineration fly ash by low-temperature thermal technology. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 477:135315. [PMID: 39096638 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024]
Abstract
Low-temperature thermal degradation of PCDD/Fs for incineration fly ash (IFA), as a novel and emerging technology approach, offers promising features of high degradation efficiency and low energy consumption, presenting enormous potential for application in IFA resource utilization processes. This review summarizes the concentrations, congener distributions, and heterogeneity characteristics of PCDD/Fs in IFA from municipal, medical, and hazardous waste incineration. A comparative analysis of five PCDD/Fs degradation technologies is conducted regarding their characteristics, industrial potential, and applicability. From the perspective of low-temperature degradation mechanisms, pathways to enhance PCDD/Fs degradation efficiency and inhibit their regeneration reactions are discussed in detail. Finally, the challenges to achieve low-temperature degradation of PCDD/Fs for IFA with high-efficiency are prospected. This review seeks to explore new opportunities for the detoxification and resource utilization of IFA by implementing more efficient and viable low-temperature degradation technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenqi Gao
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Jisheng Long
- Shanghai SUS Environment Co., LTD., Shanghai 201703, China
| | - Yang Yue
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Bin Li
- Shanghai SUS Environment Co., LTD., Shanghai 201703, China
| | - Yiru Huang
- Shanghai SUS Environment Co., LTD., Shanghai 201703, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Jia Zhang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Lingen Zhang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Guangren Qian
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
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Yang D, Kow KW, Wang W, Meredith W, Zhang G, Mao Y, Xu M. Co-treatment of municipal solid waste incineration fly ash and alumina-/silica-containing waste: A critical review. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 479:135677. [PMID: 39226688 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2024] [Revised: 08/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
Municipal solid waste incineration fly ash (MSWI-FA) is a hazardous by-product of the incineration process, characterized by elevated levels of heavy metals, chlorides, and dioxins. With a composition high in calcium but low in silicon/aluminum, MSWI-FA exhibits a poor immobilization effect, high energy demands, and limited pozzolanic activity when it is disposed of or reutilized alone. Conversely, alumina-/silica-containing waste (ASW) presents a chemical composition rich in SiO2 and/or Al2O3, offering an opportunity for synergistic treatment with MSWI-FA to facilitate its harmless disposal and resource recovery. Despite the growing interest in co-treatment of MSWI-FA and ASW in recent years, a comprehensive evaluation of ASW's roles in this process remains absent from the existing literature. Therefore, this study endeavors to examine the advancement in the co-treatment of MSWI-FA and ASW, with the focus on three key aspects, i.e., elucidating the immobilization mechanisms by which ASW improves the solidification/stabilization of MSWI-FA, exploring the synergies between MSWI-FA and ASW in various thermal and mechanochemical treatments, and highlighting the benefits of incorporating ASW in the production of MSWI-FA-based building materials. Additionally, in the pursuit of sustainable solid waste management, this review identifies research gaps and delineates future prospects for the co-treatment of MSWI-FA and ASW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daokui Yang
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, and New Materials Institute, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Carbonaceous Waste Processing and Process Intensification of Zhejiang Province, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, Zhejiang, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Reducing Emissions from Coal Combustion, Engineering Research Center of Environmental Thermal Technology of Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Carbon Reduction and Resource Utilization, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250061, China
| | - Kien-Woh Kow
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, and New Materials Institute, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Carbonaceous Waste Processing and Process Intensification of Zhejiang Province, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenlong Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Reducing Emissions from Coal Combustion, Engineering Research Center of Environmental Thermal Technology of Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Carbon Reduction and Resource Utilization, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250061, China
| | - Will Meredith
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, England, UK
| | - Guanlin Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, and New Materials Institute, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Carbonaceous Waste Processing and Process Intensification of Zhejiang Province, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanpeng Mao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Reducing Emissions from Coal Combustion, Engineering Research Center of Environmental Thermal Technology of Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Carbon Reduction and Resource Utilization, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250061, China.
| | - Mengxia Xu
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, and New Materials Institute, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Carbonaceous Waste Processing and Process Intensification of Zhejiang Province, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, Zhejiang, China.
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Liu S, Liu G, Wang M, Qin L, Guo Q, Li D, Yang L, Zheng M. Free radical mechanisms of ammonium sulfate as intensively used industrial materials on suppressing organic pollutants. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 951:175644. [PMID: 39168350 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Revised: 08/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Organic free radicals are critical intermediates for the generation and inhibition of organic pollutants during industrial processes. Clarifying the free radical mechanism of pollutant inhibition is significant for their efficient control. Ammonium sulfate is intensively used in industrial materials to suppress organic pollutants. In this study, organic free radical intermediate species in metal-catalyzed reactions inhibited by ammonium sulfate were identified using continuous-wave electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, providing direct evidence for the free radical mechanisms of organic pollutants inhibition. The transverse (T2) and longitudinal (T1) relaxation time variations catalyzed by different metal catalysts in the presence of ammonium sulfate were compared using pulsed-wave EPR. Consequently, after the addition of ammonium sulfate, the observed increase in T2 suggests that ammonium sulfate leads to radical concentration reduction. A decrease in the T1 relaxation time suggests the enhanced interaction between organic radicals and metals, which is an obstacle to subsequent radical reactions. Therefore, ammonium sulfate dominantly changed the free radical intermediates species, concentrations, and their reactivity, and then inhibited the organic pollutants formations. The inhibition mechanisms of ammonium sulfate on metal-catalyzed pollutants were then proposed combining EPR analysis, X-ray characterization, and high-resolution mass spectrometry screening. As a result, (1) occupying the active sites of metal catalysis and (2) inhibiting free radical intermediates are the two main intrinsic inhibition mechanisms of ammonium sulfate. The findings provide new perspectives on the efficient inhibition of organic pollutants in industrial processes involving various metal catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuting Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China; College of Resource and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guorui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China; College of Resource and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Mingxuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China; College of Resource and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Linjun Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China; College of Resource and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qingyu Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China; College of Resource and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Da Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
| | - Lili Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China; College of Resource and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Minghui Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China; College of Resource and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310000, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Fume and Dust Pollution Control, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
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Hung CM, Cheng JW, Chen CW, Huang CP, Dong CD. Pyrolysis processes affecting polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon profile of pineapple leaf biochar exemplified by atmosphere/temperature and heteroatom doping. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 379:129047. [PMID: 37059342 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in pineapple leaf biochar was examined as a function of pyrolysis atmosphere (CO2 or N2), pyrolysis temperature (300-900 °C), and heteroatom (N, B, O, P, NP, or NS) doping. Without doping, the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon production was maximal (1332 ± 27 ng/g) in CO2 at 300 °C and minimal (157 ± 2 ng/g) in N2 at 700 °C. The main components naphthalene and acenaphthylene accounted for about 91% of the total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon in the biochar prepared under CO2 at 300 °C. Under the maximal polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon production conditions (CO2, 300 °C), doping decreased the total hydrocarbon content by 49% (N), 61% (B), 73% (O), 92% (P), 93% (NB), and 96% (NS). The results shed new light on the management of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in BC production by controlling the pyrolysis atmosphere and temperature in addition to heteroatom doping. Results significantly contributed to the development of circular bioeconomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Mao Hung
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan; Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, College of Hydrosphere Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan.
| | - Jia-Wei Cheng
- Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, College of Hydrosphere Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Wen Chen
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Pao Huang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, USA
| | - Cheng-Di Dong
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan; Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, College of Hydrosphere Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan.
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Chen T, Xiang W, Wu A, Lin X, Chen Z, Li X, Yan J. Suppression on PCDD/Fs formation by a novel inhibition system consisting of phosphorous-based compounds coupled with a chlorine-deactivation material. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 156:33-43. [PMID: 36436406 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2022.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The SN-containing inhibitors are effective for suppressing the formation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) in the post-combustion zone of municipal solid waste incineration systems, but the industrial application of the SN-containing inhibitors is restricted by the high cost and the generation of corrosive by-products (e.g., SOx). To develop cost-effective and environmentally friendly inhibitors, a new inhibition system consisting of P-based compounds (i.e., NH4H2PO4 (ADP) and KH2PO4 (PDP)) and a chlorine-deactivation material (CaO) was proposed in this study. Also, the performance of this inhibition system in terms of suppressing PCDD/Fs formation was evaluated in an experimental system which simulated PCDD/Fs generation in the post-combustion zone. Generally, the formation of PCDD/Fs was effectively suppressed by over 95 % by the mixed inhibitors (ADP/CaO and PDP/CaO) and the individual inhibitor of ADP. Based on the observation on PCDD/F-fingerprints and the chemical speciation of Cl and Cu, the mechanisms of inhibitors were identified as: (i) passivating metal catalyst by converting the speciation of Cu from chlorides and Cu2+ with high reactivities to phosphates, oxides, and Cu+ with low reactivities, and (ii) deactivating Cl by CaO to prevent the formation of organic Cl which was critical for PCDD/Fs formation. In addition, both mechanisms were supported by (i) the better performance of inhibitors on suppressing the PCDD/F-congeners formed via de novo pathway than congeners synthesized from chlorophenols and (ii) lower degrees of chlorination of PCDD/Fs for reaction systems with CaO involved than other systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Weican Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Angjian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Xiaoqing Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Zhiliang Chen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA.
| | - Xiaodong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Jianhua Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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Ren M, Zhang H, Fan Y, Zhou H, Cao R, Gao Y, Chen J. Suppressing the formation of chlorinated aromatics by inhibitor sodium thiocyanate in solid waste incineration process. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 798:149154. [PMID: 34333438 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Suppressing the formation of chlorinated aromatics (Cl-aromatics) by chemical inhibitors is an important measure to reduce dioxin emission from the solid waste incineration plants. In this study, we first investigated the reduction effect of a novel inhibitor sodium thiocyanate (NaSCN) on the emission of dioxins in 2 full-scale solid waste incineration systems. Injection of NaSCN solution into the higher temperature flue gas resulted in about 60% reduction in the concentration of total tetra- to octa-chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in stack flue gas. The suppression effect was further verified by a laboratory study on the chlorination of naphthalene over model fly ashes with or without NaSCN addition. By characterizing the reaction products between NaSCN and key catalysts Cu and Fe chlorides, two main suppression mechanisms were proposed: (i) reduction of highly active cupric chloride (CuCl2) and ferric chloride (FeCl3) to less active cuprous chloride (CuCl) and ferrous chloride (FeCl2), (ii) sulfidation of Cu chlorides. The laboratory study indicated that the unreacted NaSCN in the combustion flue gas could be mainly decomposed into Na2S, C3N4, Na2S2O3, NaS2, Na2SO4, CO2, SO2, NO2 and COS. These decomposition products are low toxic or can be effectively removed by the air pollution control devices. CAPSULE: NaSCN suppressed the formation of chlorinated aromatics in combustion flue gas mainly through inducing the reduction of highly active Cu (II) and Fe (III) chlorides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meihui Ren
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Haijun Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China.
| | - Yun Fan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Hongquan Zhou
- Shanghai Environmental Sanitation Engineering Design Institute Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200232, China
| | - Rong Cao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Jiping Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
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Chen Z, Lin X, Zhang S, Xiangbo Z, Li X, Lu S, Yan J. Thermal cotreatment of municipal solid waste incineration fly ash with sewage sludge for PCDD/Fs decomposition and reformation suppression. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 416:126216. [PMID: 34492973 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Thermal treatment of municipal solid waste incineration fly ash (FA) is an effective method to detoxicate FA and produce secondary material with good utilization properties, but the high temperature induced migration of carbon, chlorine, and catalytic metals from FA to flue gases can result in a considerable reformation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs). Herein, two typical fly ashes were thermally cotreated with sewage sludge (SS), respectively, and the decomposition and reformation of PCDD/Fs were systematically investigated. Thermal treatment effectively decomposed PCDD/Fs in all samples to a low level well meeting the reutilization criterion of 50 ng WHO-TEQ g-1. Cleavage of the oxygen bridge was identified as the primary decomposition pathway. Compared to mono-treating FA, cotreating FA with SS resulted in a better CaO-Al2O3-SiO2 ternary system for vitrification and effectively suppressed the reformation of PCDD/Fs in off-gases with inhibition efficiencies up to 96%. Based on the variation of chemical speciation of N, P, and S in SS after thermal treatment, SS appeared to be a S-N-containing inhibitor which passivated catalytic metals to suppress PCDD/Fs synthesis. The better suppression on de novo pathway than on chlorophenol-route identified by monitoring PCDD/F-fingerprints evolution further verified the suppression mechanism of passivating catalytic metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiliang Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37215, United States
| | - Xiaoqing Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Sheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Zou Xiangbo
- Guangdong Energy Group Science and Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Xiaodong Li
- State Key Laboratory for Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Shengyong Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Jianhua Yan
- State Key Laboratory for Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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