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Wang JQ, Ding X, Zhang YQ, Yu QQ, Cheng Q, Wang QY, Wang XM. Characterization of biomass burning tracers in particulate matter at 12 sites in China: Significant increase of coal combustion emitted levoglucosan in northern China during winter. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 948:174520. [PMID: 38971253 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
Biomass burning (BB) is the largest contributor to carbonaceous aerosols globally. Specific organic tracers can track BB particles and identify BB types. At present, there is limited information on the composition of BB tracers on a continental scale. In this study, we conducted year-round sampling of particulate matter (PM) at 12 sites in China. Nine BB tracers were measured in PM with aerodynamic diameters <1.1 μm (PM<1.1), in the range of 1.1-3.3 μm (PM1.1-3.3), and > 3.3 μm (PM>3.3). The annual average concentration of these nine BB tracers (∑9 BB tracers) in the total PM was 366 ng m-3 with the majority of levoglucosan (66 %). The concentration of ∑9 BB tracers was higher in northern China than in southern China, especially in winter. ∑9 BB tracers were most enriched in PM<1.1 (50-61 % in mass), followed by PM1.1-3.3 and PM>3.3. The highest concentrations of ∑9 BB tracers were observed in winter, while satellite-recorded fire spots were intensive in autumn and spring. The mismatch of seasonal trends between them indicated that the high levels of BB tracers in winter was not due to open BB. The composition of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, syringic acid and vanillic acid suggested that the burning of crop residues and softwoods were the major BB types in China. The ratio of levoglucosan to mannosan could neither identify the major BB types in China nor distinguish between BB and coal combustion. Correlation analysis and the PMF model demonstrated that non-BB sources contributed 7 %-58 % to levoglucosan at the 12 sites, with coal combustion being the predominant non-BB source in China, especially in northern urban sites during winter. Our findings suggest that caution should be taken in application of these organic tracers to identify BB types and estimate BB aerosols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Qi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiang Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geoche mistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Yu-Qing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; School of Environment and Safety Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
| | - Qing-Qing Yu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Guangdong Industry Polytechnic, Guangzhou 510300, China
| | - Qian Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qiao-Yun Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Guangdong Industry Polytechnic, Guangzhou 510300, China
| | - Xin-Ming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geoche mistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou 510640, China
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Holder AL, Sullivan AP. Emissions, Chemistry, and the Environmental Impacts of Wildland Fire. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 39133033 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c07631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
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Moonwiriyakit A, Dinsuwannakol S, Sontikun J, Timpratueang K, Muanprasat C, Khemawoot P. Fine particulate matter PM2.5 and its constituent, hexavalent chromium induce acute cytotoxicity in human airway epithelial cells via inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 107:104416. [PMID: 38492761 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2024.104416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
PM2.5-induced airway injury contributes to an increased rate of respiratory morbidity. However, the relationship between PM2.5 toxicants and acute cytotoxic effects remains poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the mechanisms of PM2.5- and its constituent-induced cytotoxicity in human airway epithelial cells. Exposure to PM2.5 resulted in dose-dependent cytotoxicity within 24 h. Among the PM2.5 constituents examined, Cr(VI) at the dose found in PM2.5 exhibited cytotoxic effects. Both PM2.5 and Cr(VI) cause necrosis while also upregulating the expression of proinflammatory cytokine transcripts. Interestingly, exposure to the conditioned PM, obtained from adsorption in the Cr(VI)-reducing agents, FeSO4 and EDTA, showed a decrease in cytotoxicity. Furthermore, PM2.5 mechanistically enhances programmed pyroptosis through the activation of NLRP3/caspase-1/Gasdermin D pathway and increase of IL-1β. These pyroptosis markers were reduced when exposure to conditioned PM. These findings provide a deeper understanding of mechanisms underlying PM2.5 and Cr(VI) in acute airway toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aekkacha Moonwiriyakit
- Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Samut Prakan 10540, Thailand.
| | - Sasiwimol Dinsuwannakol
- Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Samut Prakan 10540, Thailand
| | - Jenjira Sontikun
- Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Samut Prakan 10540, Thailand
| | - Kanokphorn Timpratueang
- Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Samut Prakan 10540, Thailand
| | - Chatchai Muanprasat
- Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Samut Prakan 10540, Thailand
| | - Phisit Khemawoot
- Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Samut Prakan 10540, Thailand
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Horník Š, Pokorná P, Vodička P, Lhotka R, Sýkora J, Arora S, Poulain L, Herrmann H, Schwarz J, Ždímal V. Positive matrix factorization of seasonally resolved organic aerosol at three different central European background sites based on nuclear magnetic resonance Aerosolomics data. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 916:170303. [PMID: 38272092 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Concentration data derived from 1H NMR analysis of the water-soluble organic compounds from fine aerosol (PM2.5) at three Central European background stations, Košetice, Frýdlant (both in the Czech Republic), and Melpitz (Germany), were used for detailed source apportionment analysis. Two winter and two summer episodes (year 2021) with higher organic concentrations and similar wind directions were selected for NMR analyses. The concentration profiles of 61 water-soluble organic compounds were determined by NMR Aerosolomics and a principal component analysis (PCA) was performed on this dataset. Based on the PCA results, 23 compounds were selected for positive matrix factorization (PMF) analysis in order to identify dominant aerosol sources at rural background sites in Central Europe. Both the PCA and the subsequent PMF analyses clearly distinguished the characteristics of winter and summer aerosol particles. In summer, four factors were identified from PMF and were associated with biogenic aerosol (61-78 %), background aerosol (9-15 %), industrial biomass combustion (7-13 %), and residential heating (5-13 %). In winter, only 3 factors were identified - industrial biomass combustion (33-49 %), residential heating (37-45 %) and a background aerosol (8-30 %). The main difference was observed in the winter season with a stronger contribution of emissions from industrial biomass burning at the Czech stations Košetice and Frýdlant (47-49 %) compared to the Melpitz station (33 %). However, in general, there were negligible differences in identified sources between stations in the given seasons, indicating a certain homogeneity in PM2.5 composition within Central Europe at least during the sampling periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Štěpán Horník
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals, Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 1/135, 165 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Petra Pokorná
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals, Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 1/135, 165 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Vodička
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals, Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 1/135, 165 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Lhotka
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals, Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 1/135, 165 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Sýkora
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Shubhi Arora
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz-Institut für Troposphärenforschung e.V. (TROPOS), Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Laurent Poulain
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz-Institut für Troposphärenforschung e.V. (TROPOS), Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hartmut Herrmann
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz-Institut für Troposphärenforschung e.V. (TROPOS), Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jaroslav Schwarz
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals, Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 1/135, 165 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Ždímal
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals, Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 1/135, 165 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic
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Richa L, Colin B, Pétrissans A, Wolfgram J, Wallace C, Quirino RL, Chen WH, Pétrissans M. Catalytic torrefaction effect on waste wood boards for sustainable biochar production and environmental remediation. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 341:122911. [PMID: 37967712 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Wood boards used in construction are generally treated with toxic chemicals, making them unsuitable for further use and causing environmental pollution. This study evaluates the possibility of using catalytic torrefaction as a pretreatment to improve wood pyrolysis and combustion for greener biochar production. Waste beech boards were impregnated with different K2CO3 solutions (0-0.012 M), then torrefied between 5 and 60 min at 275 °C. The ICP-AES showed that the board's surface held more potassium than the core. Torrefaction coupled with potassium decreased the C-O and -OH stretches. Thermogravimetric analysis of torrefied wood showed that the board's internal heating degraded the core more than the surface. The exothermic reactions made potassium's catalytic action more efficient in the core. Interactions between the potassium content and torrefaction duration decreased the pyrolysis' maximum devolatilization temperature. During combustion, potassium decreased the ignition temperature by up to 9% and 3% at the surface and core, respectively, while the torrefaction increased it. The catalytic torrefaction significantly decreased the devolatilization peak during combustion, thus making the wood's combustion similar to that of coal, having only the char oxidation step. These findings highlight the advantages and challenges of waste wood's catalytic-torrefaction for biochar production to reduce environmental pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Richa
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, LERMaB, F-88000, Epinal, France
| | - Baptiste Colin
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, LERMaB, F-88000, Epinal, France
| | | | - Jasmine Wolfgram
- Chemistry Department, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA-30460, USA
| | - Ciera Wallace
- Chemistry Department, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA-30460, USA
| | - Rafael L Quirino
- Chemistry Department, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA-30460, USA
| | - Wei-Hsin Chen
- Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan; Research Center for Smart Sustainable Circular Economy, Tunghai University, Taichung, 407, Taiwan; Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Chin-Yi University of Technology, Taichung, 411, Taiwan.
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Yassine MM, Dabek-Zlotorzynska E, Celo V, Sofowote UM, Mooibroek D, Hopke PK. Effect of industrialization on the differences in sources and composition of ambient PM 2.5 in two Southern Ontario locations. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 341:123007. [PMID: 38006992 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.123007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
PM2.5 was sampled over a seven-year period (2013-2019) at two locations ∼50 km apart in Southern Ontario (concurrently for five years: 2015-2019). One is a heavily industrialized site (Hamilton), while the other was a rural site (Simcoe). To assess the impact of industrialization on the composition and sources of PM affecting air quality in these two locations, positive matrix factorization coupled with dispersion normalization (DN-PMF) was used to identify six and eight factors at Simcoe and Hamilton, respectively. The Simcoe factors in order of diminishing PM mass contribution were: particulate sulphate (pSO4), secondary organic aerosol (SOA), crustal matter, particulate nitrate (pNO3), biomass burning, and vehicular emissions. At Hamilton, the effects of industrialization were observed by the ∼36% higher average ambient PM2.5 concentration for the study period as well as the presence of factors unique to metallurgy, i.e., coking and steelmaking, compared to Simcoe. The coking and steelmaking factors contributed ∼15% to the PM mass at Hamilton. Seasonal variants of appropriate nonparametric trend tests with the associated slopes (Sen's) were used to assess statistically significant changes in the factor contributions to PM2.5 over time. Specifically at Hamilton, a significant decline in PM contributions was noted for coking (-0.03 μg/m³/yr or -4.1%/yr) while steelmaking showed no statistically significant decline over the study period. Other factors at Hamilton that showed statistically significant declines over the study period were: pSO4 (-0.27 μg/m³/yr or -12.6%/yr), biomass burning (-0.05 μg/m³/yr or -9.02%/yr), crustal matter (-0.03 μg/m³/yr or -5.28%/yr). These factors mainly accounted for the significant decline in PM2.5 over the study period (-0.35 μg/m³/yr or -4.24%/yr). This work shows the importance of long-term monitoring in assessing the unique contributions and temporal changes of industrialization on air quality in Ontario and similarly affected locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud M Yassine
- Analysis and Air Quality Section, Air Quality Research Division, Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 335 River Road, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0H3, Canada
| | - Ewa Dabek-Zlotorzynska
- Analysis and Air Quality Section, Air Quality Research Division, Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 335 River Road, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0H3, Canada
| | - Valbona Celo
- Analysis and Air Quality Section, Air Quality Research Division, Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 335 River Road, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0H3, Canada
| | - Uwayemi M Sofowote
- Environmental Monitoring and Reporting Branch, Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Dennis Mooibroek
- Centre for Environmental Monitoring, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), A. van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, P.O. Box 1, 3720, BA, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Philip K Hopke
- Institute for a Sustainable Environment, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, USA; Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
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Hu Y, Kong S, Cheng Y, Shen G, Liu D, Wang S, Guo L, Fu P. Identification and Parametrization of Key Factors Affecting Levoglucosan Emission During Solid Fuel Burning. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:20043-20052. [PMID: 37992316 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c06206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Levoglucosan (LG) is a pyrolysis product of cellulose and hemicellulose at low combustion temperatures. However, LG release cannot be determined only by considering the contents of cellulose and hemicellulose exclusively due to the complexity of combustion processes and the physical-chemical properties of the fuel. This study detected the emission factors (EFs) of LG from 22 different solid fuel samples (including coal and biomass) by considering 18 different fuel properties and five combustion parameters. The average LGEFs during solid fuel burning varied in a range of 0.03-136 mg kg-1, with a magnitude difference of 1-4 orders. While the variations in cellulose (59.5-368 mg g-1) and hemicellulose (73.5-165 mg g-1) contents of fuel samples were only one- to 6-fold. A short combustion duration (<150 min) and a medium combustion temperature (200-400 °C) influenced by volatile and ash contents are crucial for the generation and accumulation of LG. A random forest coupled with the Akaike information criterion stepwise regression model successfully explained 96% of the total LG emission variation using three variables (ash content, cellulose content, and modified combustion efficiency). The ash content promoted coke formation and LG chain cracking by increasing the pyrolysis temperature and is considered the most important factor. The alkali metal in ash can reduce the energy barrier of intramolecular ring contraction reactions and inhibit the dehydration reactions, which led to additional heat being utilized by the competitive pathways of LG formation. This study provided a method to address the parametrization and release mechanisms of combustion source emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Hu
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Shaofei Kong
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- Research Centre for Complex Air Pollution of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430078, China
| | - Yi Cheng
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Guofeng Shen
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Process, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Dantong Liu
- Department of Atmospheric Science, School of Earth Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Shuxiao Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Limin Guo
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Pingqing Fu
- Institute of Surface Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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Zhao H, Niu Z, Zhou W, Wang S, Feng X, Wu S, Lu X, Du H. Comparing sources of carbonaceous aerosols during haze and nonhaze periods in two northern Chinese cities. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 346:119024. [PMID: 37738728 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Radiocarbon (14C), stable carbon isotope (13C), and levoglucosan in PM2.5 were measured in two northern Chinese cities during haze events and nonhaze periods in January 2019, to ascertain the sources and their differences in carbonaceous aerosols between the two periods. The contribution of primary vehicle emissions (17.8 ± 3.7%) to total carbon in Beijing during that haze event was higher than that of primary coal combustion (7.3 ± 4.2%), and it increased significantly (7.1%) compared to the nonhaze period. The contribution of primary vehicle emissions (4.1 ± 2.8%) was close to that of primary coal combustion (4.3 ± 3.3%) during the haze event in Xi'an, and the contribution of primary vehicle emissions decreased by 5.8% compared to the nonhaze period. Primary biomass burning contributed 21.1 ± 10.5% during the haze event in Beijing and 40.9 ± 6.6% in Xi'an (with an increase of 3.3% compared with the nonhaze period). The contribution of secondary fossil fuel sources to total secondary organic carbon increased by 29.2% during the haze event in Beijing and by 18.4% in Xi'an compared to the nonhaze period. These results indicate that specific management measures for air pollution need to be strengthened in different Chinese cities in the future, that is, controlling vehicle emissions in Beijing and restricting the use of coal and biomass fuels in winter in Xi'an.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyizhe Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710061, China; Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Technology and Application, Xi'an AMS Center, Xi'an, 710061, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhenchuan Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710061, China; Institute of Global Environmental Change, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China; Open Studio for Oceanic-Continental Climate and Environment Changes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266061, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Weijian Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710061, China; Open Studio for Oceanic-Continental Climate and Environment Changes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266061, China; Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Technology and Application, Xi'an AMS Center, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Sen Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xue Feng
- National Observation and Research Station of Regional Ecological Environment Change and Comprehensive Management in the Guanzhong Plain, Shaanxi, China; Xi'an Institute for Innovative Earth Environment Research, Xi'an, China
| | - Shugang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710061, China; Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Technology and Application, Xi'an AMS Center, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Xuefeng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710061, China; Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Technology and Application, Xi'an AMS Center, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Hua Du
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710061, China; Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Technology and Application, Xi'an AMS Center, Xi'an, 710061, China
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Fu M, Li H, Wang L, Tian M, Qin X, Zou X, Chen C, Wang G, Deng C, Huang K. Atmospheric saccharides over the East China Sea: Assessment of the contribution of sea-land emission and the aging of levoglucosan. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 898:165328. [PMID: 37423276 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
A one-year observation of aerosols on a remote island was conducted and saccharides were applied to reveal the behaviors of organic aerosol in the East China Sea (ECS). The seasonal fluctuations of total saccharides were relatively small, with annual mean concentration of 64.82 ± 26.88 ng/m3, contributing 10.20 % and 4.90 % to WSOC and OC, respectively. However, the individual species showed significant seasonal variations due to the differences in both the emission sources and the influencing factors between marine and terrestrial areas. Anhydrosugars was the highest species and showed little diurnal variation in air mass from land areas. Primary sugars and primary sugar alcohols showed higher concentrations in blooming spring and summer and were higher in daytime than nighttime due to intense biogenic emissions both in marine and mainland areas. Accordingly, secondary sugar alcohols showed obvious different diurnal variation with ratios of day/night reducing to 0.86 in summer but even increasing to 1.53 in winter, attributing to the additional impact of secondary transmission process. Source appointment suggested that biomass burning emission (36.41 %) and biogenic emission (43.17 %) were the main causes of organic aerosol, while anthropogenic related secondary process and sea salt injection accounted for 13.57 % and 6.85 %, respectively. We further elucidate that the biomass burning emission might be underestimated, as levoglucosan undergoes degradation processes in the atmosphere, which are affected by various atmospheric physicochemical factors, and the degradation degree is particularly severe in remote areas like the oceans. In addition, significantly low ratio of levoglucosan to mannosan (L/M) occurred in air mass from marine area, indicating that levoglucosan was likely be more fully aged after hovering over a large-scale of oceanic area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxin Fu
- Center for Atmospheric Chemistry Study, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Hao Li
- Center for Atmospheric Chemistry Study, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Lan Wang
- Center for Atmospheric Chemistry Study, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Mengke Tian
- Center for Atmospheric Chemistry Study, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xiaofei Qin
- Center for Atmospheric Chemistry Study, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xuan Zou
- Center for Atmospheric Chemistry Study, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- Center for Atmospheric Chemistry Study, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Guochen Wang
- Center for Atmospheric Chemistry Study, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Congrui Deng
- Center for Atmospheric Chemistry Study, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Institute of Eco-Chongming (IEC), Shanghai 202162, China; IRDR ICoE on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather/Climate Extremes Impact and Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Kan Huang
- Center for Atmospheric Chemistry Study, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Institute of Eco-Chongming (IEC), Shanghai 202162, China; IRDR ICoE on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather/Climate Extremes Impact and Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
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10
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Li Q, Zhang K, Li R, Yang L, Yi Y, Liu Z, Zhang X, Feng J, Wang Q, Wang W, Huang L, Wang Y, Wang S, Chen H, Chan A, Latif MT, Ooi MCG, Manomaiphiboon K, Yu J, Li L. Underestimation of biomass burning contribution to PM 2.5 due to its chemical degradation based on hourly measurements of organic tracers: A case study in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 872:162071. [PMID: 36775179 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Biomass burning (BB) has significant impacts on air quality and climate change, especially during harvest seasons. In previous studies, levoglucosan was frequently used for the calculation of BB contribution to PM2.5, however, the degradation of levoglucosan (Lev) could lead to large uncertainties. To quantify the influence of the degradation of Lev on the contribution of BB to PM2.5, PM2.5-bound biomass burning-derived markers were measured in Changzhou from November 2020 to March 2021 using the thermal desorption aerosol gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (TAG-GC/MS) system. Temporal variations of three anhydro-sugar BB tracers (e.g., levoglucosan, mannosan (Man), and galactosan (Gal)) were obtained. During the sampling period, the degradation level of air mass (x) was 0.13, indicating that ~87 % of levoglucosan had degraded before sampling in Changzhou. Without considering the degradation of levoglucosan in the atmosphere, the contribution of BB to OC were 7.8 %, 10.2 %, and 9.3 % in the clean period, BB period, and whole period, respectively, which were 2.4-2.6 times lower than those (20.8 %-25.9 %) considered levoglucosan degradation. This illustrated that the relative contribution of BB to OC could be underestimated (~14.9 %) without considering degradation of levoglucosan. Compared to the traditional method (i.e., only using K+ as BB tracer), organic tracers (Lev, Man, Gal) were put into the Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) model in this study. With the addition of BB organic tracers and replaced K+ with K+BB (the water-soluble potassium produced by biomass burning), the overall contribution of BB to PM2.5 was enhanced by 3.2 % after accounting for levoglucosan degradation based on the PMF analysis. This study provides useful information to better understand the effect of biomass burning on the air quality in the Yangtze River Delta region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Li
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering (MOE), Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering (MOE), Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Li
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering (MOE), Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liumei Yang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering (MOE), Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanan Yi
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering (MOE), Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiqiang Liu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering (MOE), Shanghai University, Shanghai, China; Jiangsu Changhuan Environment Technology Co., Ltd., Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaojuan Zhang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering (MOE), Shanghai University, Shanghai, China; Jiangsu Changhuan Environment Technology Co., Ltd., Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jialiang Feng
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering (MOE), Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiongqiong Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wu Wang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering (MOE), Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Huang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering (MOE), Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yangjun Wang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering (MOE), Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shunyao Wang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering (MOE), Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Chen
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering (MOE), Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Andy Chan
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Talib Latif
- Department of Earth Science and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Maggie Chel Gee Ooi
- Institute of Climate Change, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kasemsan Manomaiphiboon
- The Joint Graduate School of Energy and Environment, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jianzhen Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Hong Kong, China; Division of Environment & Sustainability, Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Li Li
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering (MOE), Shanghai University, Shanghai, China.
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11
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Sofowote UM, Mooibroek D, Healy RM, Debosz J, Munoz A, Hopke PK. Source apportionment of ambient PM 2.5 in an industrialized city using dispersion-normalized, multi-time resolution factor analyses. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 323:121281. [PMID: 36804563 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) data were collected in the lower City of Hamilton, Ontario to apportion the sources of this pollutant over an 18-month period. Hamilton has complex topographical features that may result in worsened air pollution within the lower city, thus, dispersion-normalized, multi-time resolution factor analysis (DN-MT-FA) was used to identify and quantify contributions of factors in a manner that reduced the influence of local meteorology. These factors were secondary organic aerosols type 1 (SOA_1), particulate nitrate (pNO3), particulate sulphate (pSO4), primary traffic organic matter (PTOM), Steel/metal processing and vehicular road dust emissions (Steel & Mobile) and, secondary organic aerosols type 2 (SOA_2) with origins ranging from mainly regional to mainly local. Factors that were mainly local (PTOM, Steel & Mobile, SOA_2) contributed up to 17% of the average PM2.5 mass while mixed local/regional factors (pNO3, pSO4) made up 43% on average, indicating the potential for further reduction of harmful PM concentrations locally. Of particular interest from a health protection perspective, was the composition of PM2.5 on days when an exceedance of the 24-hr WHO air quality guideline for this pollutant was observed. In general, SOA_1 was found to drive summer exceedances while pNO3 dominated in the winter. During the summer period, SOA_1 was attributable to wildfires in the northern parts of Canada while local traffic sources in winter contributed to the high levels of pNO3. While local, industrial factors only had minor relative mass contributions during exceedances, they are high in highly oxidized organic species (SOA_2) and toxic metals (Steel & Mobile). Thus, they are likely to have more impacts on human health. The methods and results described in this work will be useful in understanding prevalent sources of particulate matter pollution in the ambient air in the presence of complex topography and meteorological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uwayemi M Sofowote
- Environmental Monitoring and Reporting Branch, Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Dennis Mooibroek
- Centre for Environmental Monitoring, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), A. van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, P.O. Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Robert M Healy
- Environmental Monitoring and Reporting Branch, Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jerzy Debosz
- Environmental Monitoring and Reporting Branch, Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks, Toronto, Canada
| | - Anthony Munoz
- Environmental Monitoring and Reporting Branch, Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks, Toronto, Canada
| | - Philip K Hopke
- Center for Air Resources Engineering and Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, USA; Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
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12
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Kaur A, Scott NE, Herisse M, Goddard-Borger ED, Pidot S, Williams SJ. Identification of levoglucosan degradation pathways in bacteria and sequence similarity network analysis. Arch Microbiol 2023; 205:155. [PMID: 37000297 PMCID: PMC10066097 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03506-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
Levoglucosan is produced in the pyrolysis of cellulose and starch, including from bushfires or the burning of biofuels, and is deposited from the atmosphere across the surface of the earth. We describe two levoglucosan degrading Paenarthrobacter spp. (Paenarthrobacter nitrojuajacolis LG01 and Paenarthrobacter histidinolovorans LG02) that were isolated from soil by metabolic enrichment using levoglucosan as the sole carbon source. Genome sequencing and proteomics analysis revealed the expression of a series of genes encoding known levoglucosan degrading enzymes, levoglucosan dehydrogenase (LGDH, LgdA), 3-keto-levoglucosan β -eliminase (LgdB1) and glucose 3-dehydrogenase (LgdC), along with an ABC transporter cassette and an associated solute binding protein. However, no homologues of 3-ketoglucose dehydratase (LgdB2) were evident, while the expressed genes contained a range of putative sugar phosphate isomerases/xylose isomerases with weak similarity to LgdB2. Sequence similarity network analysis of genome neighbours of LgdA revealed that homologues of LgdB1 and LgdC are generally conserved in a range of bacteria in the phyla Firmicutes, Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria. One group of sugar phosphate isomerase/xylose isomerase homologues (named LgdB3) was identified with limited distribution that is mutually exclusive with LgdB2, and we propose that they may fulfil a similar function. LgdB1, LgdB2 and LgdB3 adopt similar predicted 3D folds, suggesting overlapping function in processing intermediates in LG metabolism. Our findings highlight diversity within the LGDH pathway, through which bacteria utilize levoglucosan as a nutrient source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arashdeep Kaur
- School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
- Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Nichollas E Scott
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Victoria, 3000, Australia
| | - Marion Herisse
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Victoria, 3000, Australia
| | - Ethan D Goddard-Borger
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
- ACRF Chemical Biology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Sacha Pidot
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Victoria, 3000, Australia
| | - Spencer J Williams
- School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.
- Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.
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13
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Jiang H, Li J, Zhang R, Pansak W, Zhong G, Li K, Zhao S, Bualert S, Phewnil O, Zhang G. Mapping the Contribution of Biomass Burning to Persistent Organic Pollutants in the Air of the Indo-China Peninsula Based on a Passive Air Monitoring Network. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:2274-2285. [PMID: 36657182 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c06247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Biomass burning (BB) is an important source of atmospheric persistent organic pollutants (POPs) across the world. However, there are few field-based regional studies regarding the POPs released from BB. Due to the current limitations of emission factors and satellites, the contribution of BB to airborne POPs is still not well understood. In this study, with the simultaneous monitoring of BB biomarkers and POPs based on polyurethane foam-based passive air sampling technique, we mapped the contribution of BB to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in the Indo-China Peninsula. Spearman correlations between levoglucosan and 16 PCBs (rs = 0.264-0.767, p < 0.05) and 2 OCPs (rs = 0.250-0.328, p < 0.05) confirmed that BB may facilitate POP emissions. Source apportionment indicated that BB contributed 9.3% to the total PCB and OCP mass. The high contribution of positive matrix factorization-resolved BB to PCBs and OCPs was almost consistent with their concentration distributions in the open BB season but not completely consistent with those in the pre-monsoon and/or monsoon seasons. Their contribution distributions may reflect the use history and geographic distribution in secondary sources of POPs. The field-based contribution dataset of BB to POPs is significant in improving regional BB emission inventories and model prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, and Joint Laboratory of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area for the Environment, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- CAS Centre for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, and Joint Laboratory of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area for the Environment, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- CAS Centre for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Ruijie Zhang
- School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Wanwisa Pansak
- Department of Agricultural Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Guangcai Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, and Joint Laboratory of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area for the Environment, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- CAS Centre for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Kechang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, and Joint Laboratory of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area for the Environment, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- CAS Centre for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Shizhen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, and Joint Laboratory of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area for the Environment, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- CAS Centre for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Surat Bualert
- Faculty of Environment, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Onanong Phewnil
- Faculty of Environment, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Gan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, and Joint Laboratory of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area for the Environment, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- CAS Centre for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640, China
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14
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Jiang H, Li J, Wang J, Jiang H, Mo Y, Tang J, Zhang R, Pansak W, Zhong G, Zhao S, Ning J, Tian C, Zhang G. Regional monitoring of biomass burning using passive air sampling technique reveals the importance of MODIS unresolved fires. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 170:107582. [PMID: 36265357 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Field-based sampling can provide more accurate evaluation than MODIS in regional biomass burning (BB) emissions given the limitations of MODIS on unresolved fires. Polyurethane foam-based passive air samplers (PUF-PASs) are a promising tool for collecting atmospheric monosaccharides. Here, we deployed PUF-PASs to monitor monosaccharides and other BB-related biomarkers and presented a dataset of 31 atmospheric BB-related biomarkers in the Indo-China Peninsula (ICP) and Southwest China. The peak concentrations of monosaccharides in the ICP occurred before monsoon season. The highest concentrations were in the eastern Mekong plain, while the lowest were along the eastern coast. BB-related biomarkers displayed elevated concentrations after April, particularly in the monsoon season; however, fewer active fires were recorded by MODIS. This revealed the importance of MODIS unresolved fires (e.g., indoor biofuel combustion, small-scale BB incidents, and charcoal fires) to the regional atmosphere. The PAS derived levoglucosan concentrations indicated that, with the inclusion of MODIS unresolved fires, the estimated top-down emissions of PM (4194-4974 Gg/yr), OC (1234-1719 Gg/yr) and EC (52-384 Gg/yr) would be higher than previous bottom-up estimations in the ICP. Future studies on these MODIS unresolved fires and regional monitoring data of BB are vital for improving the modeling of regional BB emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, and Joint Laboratory of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area for the Environment, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; CAS Centre for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, and Joint Laboratory of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area for the Environment, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; CAS Centre for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, and Joint Laboratory of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area for the Environment, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; CAS Centre for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Hongxing Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, and Joint Laboratory of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area for the Environment, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; CAS Centre for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yangzhi Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, and Joint Laboratory of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area for the Environment, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; CAS Centre for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jiao Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, and Joint Laboratory of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area for the Environment, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; CAS Centre for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Ruijie Zhang
- School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Wanwisa Pansak
- Department of Agricultural Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Guangcai Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, and Joint Laboratory of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area for the Environment, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; CAS Centre for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Shizhen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, and Joint Laboratory of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area for the Environment, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; CAS Centre for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jicai Ning
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, PR China
| | - Chongguo Tian
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, PR China
| | - Gan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, and Joint Laboratory of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area for the Environment, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; CAS Centre for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640, China.
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15
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Wang X, Chen Y, Guo X, Dai W, Liu Y, Wu F, Li J. Saccharides in atmospheric PM 2.5 in tropical forest region of southwest China: Insights into impacts of biomass burning on organic carbon aerosols. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 308:136251. [PMID: 36055584 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Biomass burning (BB) in South and Southeast Asia has a strong impact on regional air quality, yet its impact on atmospheric PM2.5 of tropical rainforest regions, a background region occupying a large area in South Asia, has rarely been investigated. In this work, we performed one-year PM2.5 sampling during December 2018 to October 2019 at a tropical rainforest site in southwest China. PM2.5 mass concentration, major chemical components, and ten saccharides were determined to study seasonal variations of PM2.5 chemical composition, and further to understand possible impacts of BB to organic carbon (OC) aerosols at this background region. The concentration levels of PM2.5, major PM2.5 components, and total saccharides were significantly higher in dry season than in wet season. Besides, PM2.5, OC, and total saccharides were highly correlated (R2 > 0.64, p < 0.001) during the sampling period, suggesting they might share common sources. Source apportionment of saccharides revealed that BB was the main source in both seasons. Furthermore, the contributions of BB to OC (BB/OC) were estimated using levoglucosan as a molecular tracer while levoglucosan's chemical degradation was considered. It was found that over 80% of LG was degraded in both seasons, suggesting BB sources were largely from the transport of external air mass. The estimated BB/OC were over 50%, indicating BB was an important source of OC and likely of PM2.5 in both seasons. The air-mass backward trajectory analysis and active fire spots data indicate intense BB emission sources were from South and Southeast Asia in dry season and the BB emissions in southern region of China could impact on the studied area in wet season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Yukun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710061, China; State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Xiao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Wenting Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Yali Liu
- Xi'an Institute for Innovative Earth Environment Research, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Feng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710061, China.
| | - Jianjun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710061, China.
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16
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Song W, Zhang YL, Zhang Y, Cao F, Rauber M, Salazar G, Kawichai S, Prapamontol T, Szidat S. Is biomass burning always a dominant contributor of fine aerosols in upper northern Thailand? ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 168:107466. [PMID: 35986983 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Biomass burning (BB) is an important contributor to the air pollution in Southeast Asia (SEA), but the emission sources remain great uncertainty. In this study, PM2.5 samples were collected from an urban (Chiang Mai University, CMU) and a rural (Nong Tao village, NT) site in Chiang Mai, Thailand from February to April (high BB season, HBB) and from June to September (low BB season, LBB) in 2018. Source apportionment of carbonaceous aerosols was carried out by Latin Hypercube Sampling (LHS) method incorporating the radiocarbon (14C) and organic markers (e.g., dehydrated sugars, aromatic acids, etc.). Thereby, carbonaceous aerosols were divided into the fossil-derived elemental carbon (ECf), BB-derived EC (ECbb), fossil-derived primary and secondary organic carbon (POCf, SOCf), BB-derived OC (OCbb) and the remaining OC (OCnf, other). The fractions of ECbb generally prevailed over ECf throughout the year. OCbb was the dominant contributor to total carbon with a clear seasonal trend (65.5 ± 5.8 % at CMU and 79.9 ± 7.6 % at NT in HBB, and 39.1 ± 7.9 % and 42.8 ± 4.6 % in LBB). The distribution of POCf showed a spatial difference with a higher contribution at CMU, while SOCf displayed a temporal variation with a greater fraction in LBB. OCnf, other was originated from biogenic secondary aerosols, cooking emissions and bioaerosols as resolved by the principal component analysis with multiple liner regression model. The OCnf, other contributed within a narrow range of 6.6 %-14.4 %, despite 34.9 ± 7.9 % at NT in LBB. Our results highlight the dominance of BB-derived fractions in carbonaceous aerosols in HBB, and call the attention to the higher production of SOC in LBB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhuai Song
- School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; Atmospheric Environment Center, Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation on Climate and Environmental Change, Ministry of Education (ILCEC), Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences & Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern, 3012, Switzerland
| | - Yan-Lin Zhang
- School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; Atmospheric Environment Center, Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation on Climate and Environmental Change, Ministry of Education (ILCEC), Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.
| | - Yuxian Zhang
- School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; Atmospheric Environment Center, Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation on Climate and Environmental Change, Ministry of Education (ILCEC), Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Fang Cao
- School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; Atmospheric Environment Center, Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation on Climate and Environmental Change, Ministry of Education (ILCEC), Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Martin Rauber
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences & Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern, 3012, Switzerland
| | - Gary Salazar
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences & Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern, 3012, Switzerland
| | - Sawaeng Kawichai
- Research Institute for Health Sciences (RIHES), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Tippawan Prapamontol
- Research Institute for Health Sciences (RIHES), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Sönke Szidat
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences & Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern, 3012, Switzerland
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Lanzafame GM, Bessagnet B, Srivastava D, Jaffrezo JL, Favez O, Albinet A, Couvidat F. Modelling aerosol molecular markers in a 3D air quality model: Focus on anthropogenic organic markers. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 835:155360. [PMID: 35460764 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We developed and implemented in the 3D air quality model CHIMERE the formation of several key anthropogenic aerosol markers including one primary anthropogenic marker (levoglucosan) and 4 secondary anthropogenic markers (nitrophenols, nitroguaiacols, methylnitrocatechols and phthalic acid). Modelled concentrations have been compared to measurements performed at 12 locations in France for levoglucosan in winter 2014-15, and at a sub-urban station in the Paris region over the whole year 2015 for secondary molecular markers. While a good estimation of levoglucosan concentrations by the model has been obtained for a few sites, a strong underestimation was simulated for most of the stations especially for western locations due to a probable underestimation of residential wood burning emissions. The simulated ratio between wood burning organic matter and particulate phase levoglucosan is constant only at high OM values (>10 μg m-3) indicating that using marker contribution ratio may be valid only under certain conditions. Concentrations of secondary markers were well reproduced by the model for nitrophenols and nitroguaiacols but were underestimated for methylnitrocatechols and phthalic acid highlighting missing formation pathways and/or precursor emissions. By comparing modelled to measured Gas/Particle Partitioning (GPP) of markers, the simulated partitioning of Semi-Volatile Organic Compounds (SVOCs) was evaluated. Except for nitroguaiacols and nitrophenols when ideality was assumed, the GPP for all the markers was underestimated and mainly driven by the hydrophilic partitioning. SVOCs GPP, and more generally of all SVOC contributing to the formation of SOA, could therefore be significantly underestimated by air quality models, especially when only the partitioning on the organic phase is considered. Our results show that marker modelling can give insights on some processes (such as precursor emissions or missing mechanisms) involved in SOA formation and could prove especially useful to evaluate the GPP in 3D air quality models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grazia Maria Lanzafame
- INERIS, Parc Technologique Alata, BP 2, 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC, 75252 PARIS cedex 05, France
| | - Bertrand Bessagnet
- INERIS, Parc Technologique Alata, BP 2, 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC, 75252 PARIS cedex 05, France
| | | | - Jean Luc Jaffrezo
- University of Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IRD, INP-G, IGE (UMR 5001), F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Olivier Favez
- INERIS, Parc Technologique Alata, BP 2, 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - Alexandre Albinet
- INERIS, Parc Technologique Alata, BP 2, 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - Florian Couvidat
- INERIS, Parc Technologique Alata, BP 2, 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France.
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18
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Hong Y, Cao F, Fan MY, Lin YC, Gul C, Yu M, Wu X, Zhai X, Zhang YL. Impacts of chemical degradation of levoglucosan on quantifying biomass burning contribution to carbonaceous aerosols: A case study in Northeast China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 819:152007. [PMID: 34856277 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Biomass burning (BB) is an important source of carbonaceous aerosols in Northeast China (NEC). Quantifying the original contribution of BB to organic carbon (OC) [BB-OC] can provide an essential scientific information for the policy-makers to formulate the control measures to improve the air quality in the NEC region. Daily PM2.5 samples were collected in the rural area of Changchun city over the NEC region from May 2017 to May 2018. In addition to carbon contents, BB tracers (e.g., levoglucosan and K+BB, defined as potassium from BB) were also determined, in order to investigate the relative contribution of BB-OC. The results showed that OC was the dominant (28%) components of PM2.5 during the sampling period. Higher concentrations of OC, levoglucosan, and K+BB were observed in the autumn followed by the winter, spring, and summer, indicating that the higher BB activities during autumn and winter in Changchun. By using the Bayesian mixing model, it was found that burning of crop residues were the dominant source (65-79%) of the BB aerosols in Changchun. During the sampling period, the aging in air mass (AAM) ratio was 0.14, indicating that ~86% of levoglucosan in Changchun was degraded. Without considering the degradation of levoglucosan in the atmosphere, the BB-OC ratios were 23%, 28%, 7%, and 4% in the autumn, winter, spring, and summer, respectively, which were 1.4-4.8 time lower than those (14-42%) with consideration of levoglucosan degradation. This illustrated that the relative contribution of BB to OC would be underestimated (~59%) without considering degradation effects of levoglucosan. Although some uncertainty was existed in our estimation, our results did highlight that the control of straw burning was an efficient way to decrease the airborne PM2.5, improving the air quality in the NEC plain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihang Hong
- Yale-NUIST Center on Atmospheric Environment, International Joint Laboratory on Climate and Environment Change, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; Key Laboratory Meteorological Disaster, Ministry of Education & Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disaster, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Meteorology, College of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Fang Cao
- Yale-NUIST Center on Atmospheric Environment, International Joint Laboratory on Climate and Environment Change, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; Key Laboratory Meteorological Disaster, Ministry of Education & Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disaster, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Meteorology, College of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.
| | - Mei-Yi Fan
- Yale-NUIST Center on Atmospheric Environment, International Joint Laboratory on Climate and Environment Change, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; Key Laboratory Meteorological Disaster, Ministry of Education & Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disaster, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Meteorology, College of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Yu-Chi Lin
- Yale-NUIST Center on Atmospheric Environment, International Joint Laboratory on Climate and Environment Change, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; Key Laboratory Meteorological Disaster, Ministry of Education & Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disaster, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Meteorology, College of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Chaman Gul
- Reading Academy, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210044, China
| | - Mingyuan Yu
- Yale-NUIST Center on Atmospheric Environment, International Joint Laboratory on Climate and Environment Change, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; Key Laboratory Meteorological Disaster, Ministry of Education & Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disaster, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Meteorology, College of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Xia Wu
- Yale-NUIST Center on Atmospheric Environment, International Joint Laboratory on Climate and Environment Change, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; Key Laboratory Meteorological Disaster, Ministry of Education & Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disaster, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Meteorology, College of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Xiaoyao Zhai
- Yale-NUIST Center on Atmospheric Environment, International Joint Laboratory on Climate and Environment Change, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; Key Laboratory Meteorological Disaster, Ministry of Education & Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disaster, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Meteorology, College of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Yan-Lin Zhang
- Yale-NUIST Center on Atmospheric Environment, International Joint Laboratory on Climate and Environment Change, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; Key Laboratory Meteorological Disaster, Ministry of Education & Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disaster, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Meteorology, College of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
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19
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Jiang F, Liu J, Cheng Z, Ding P, Xu Y, Zong Z, Zhu S, Zhou S, Yan C, Zhang Z, Zheng J, Tian C, Li J, Zhang G. Dual-carbon isotope constraints on source apportionment of black carbon in the megacity Guangzhou of the Pearl River Delta region, China for 2018 autumn season. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 294:118638. [PMID: 34890747 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Black carbon (BC) aerosol negatively affects air quality and contributes to climate warming globally. However, little is known about the relative contributions of different source control measures to BC reduction owing to the lack of powerful source-diagnostic tools. We combine the fingerprints of dual-carbon isotope using an optimized Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) scheme and for the first time to study the key sources of BC in megacity Guangzhou of the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region, China in 2018 autumn season. The MCMC model-derived source apportionment of BC shows that the dominant contributor is petroleum combustion (39%), followed by coal combustion (34%) and biomass burning (27%). It should be noted that the BC source pattern is highly sensitive to the variations of air masses transported with an enhanced contribution of fossil source from the eastern area, suggesting the important impact of regional atmospheric transportation on the BC source profile in the PRD region. Also, we further found that fossil fuel combustion BC contributed 84% to the total BC reduction during 2013-2018. The response of PM2.5 concentration to the 14C-derived BC source apportionment is successfully fitted (r = 0.90) and the results predicted that it would take ∼6 years to reach the WHO PM2.5 guideline value (10 μg m-3) for the PRD region if the emission control measures keep same as they are at present. Taken together, our findings suggest that dual-carbon isotope is a powerful tool in constraining the source apportionment of BC for the evaluations of air pollution control and carbon emission measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Jiang
- Institute of Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junwen Liu
- Institute of Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Zhineng Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ping Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Isotope Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanqian Xu
- Institute of Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zheng Zong
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, China
| | - Sanyuan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shengzhen Zhou
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Caiqing Yan
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhisheng Zhang
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junyu Zheng
- Institute of Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chongguo Tian
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, China
| | - Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou, China
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