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Shi YL, Chen WQ, Zhu YG. Direct, Embedded, and Embodied Trade of Arsenic: 1990-2019. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:12008-12017. [PMID: 38920967 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c04715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
International arsenic trade, physical and virtual, has resulted in considerable transfer of arsenic pollution across regions. However, no study has systematically captured, estimated, and compared physical and virtual arsenic trade and its relevant impacts. This study combines material flow analysis and embodied emission factors to estimate embedded (including direct and indirect trade) and embodied arsenic trade during 1990-2019, encompassing 18 arsenic-containing products among 244 countries. Global embedded arsenic trade increased considerably from 47 ± 7.3 to 450 ± 68 kilotonnes (kt) during this time and was dominated by indirect arsenic trade, contributing 94 and 90% to global arsenic trade in 1990 and 2019, respectively. Since the 1990s, global arsenic trade centers and the main flows have shifted from European and American markets to developing countries. The mass of arsenic involved in embodied trade increased from 87.5 ± 26 kt in 1990 to 800 ± 236 kt in 2019. Direct trade and indirect trade aggravate arsenic environmental emissions in major importing countries, like China, while embodied trade aggravates arsenic environmental emissions in major exporting countries, like Peru and Chile. The trade-related arsenic pollution transfer calls for a rational arsenic emission responsibility-sharing mechanism and corresponding policy recommendations for different trading countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Lan Shi
- College of Tourism, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou, Fujian 362021, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Qiang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Guan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, People's Republic of China
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2
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K AK, Jujaru M, Panwar J, Gupta S. Non-derivatizing solvent assisted waste-derived cellulose/ MOF composite porous matrix for efficient metal ion removal: comprehensive analysis of batch and continuous packed-bed column sorption studies. RSC Adv 2024; 14:20254-20277. [PMID: 38953057 PMCID: PMC11215655 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra02566k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The use of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) for wastewater treatment in continuous operation is a major challenge. To address this, the present study demonstrates the eco-friendly and economic synthesis of Ca-MOF immobilized cellulose beads (Ca-MOF-CB) derived from paper waste. The synthesized Ca-MOF-CB were characterized using standard analytical techniques. Batch sorption studies were performed to check the effect of cellulose composition (wt%), Ca-MOF loading, contact time, and initial metal ion (Pb2+, Cd2+, and Cu2+) concentration. Ca-MOF-CB beads exhibited outstanding equilibrium sorption capacities for Pb2+, Cd2+, and Cu2+, with estimated values of 281.22 ± 7.8, 104.01 ± 10.58, and 114.21 ± 9.68 mg g-1, respectively. Different non-linear isotherms and kinetic models were applied which confirmed the spontaneous, endothermic reactions for the physisorption of Pb2+, Cd2+, and Cu2+. Based on the highest equilibrium sorption capacity for Pb2+ ion, in-depth parametric column studies were conducted in an indigenously developed packed-bed column set-up. The effect of packed-bed height (10 and 20 cm), inlet flow rate (5 and 10 mL min-1), and inlet Pb2+ ion concentration (200, 300, and 500 mg L-1) were studied. The breakthrough curves obtained at different operating conditions were fitted with the empirical models viz. the bed depth service time (BDST), Yoon-Nelson, Thomas, and Yan to estimate the column design parameters. In order to determine the financial implications at large-scale industrial operations, an affordable synthesis cost of 1 kg of Ca-MOF-CB was estimated. Conclusively, the present study showed the feasibility of the developed Ca-MOF-CB for the continuous removal of metal ions at an industrial scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Kumar K
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani 333 031 India
| | - Mohan Jujaru
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani 333 031 India
| | - Jitendra Panwar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani 333 031 India
| | - Suresh Gupta
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani 333 031 India
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Xu Z, Zhuo L, Feng B, Li M, Wang W, Huang H, Wu P. Carbon reduction and water saving potentials for growing corrugated boxes for express delivery services in China. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2318425121. [PMID: 38557182 PMCID: PMC11009682 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2318425121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Corrugated packaging for express grew by 90 times to 16.5 Mt y-1 in China, where 81% of recent global express delivery growth occurred. However, the environmental impacts of production, usage, disposal, and recycling of corrugated boxes under the entire supply chain remain unclear. Here, we estimate the magnitudes, drivers, and mitigation potentials of cradle-to-grave life-cycle carbon footprint (CF) and three colors of water footprints (WFs) for corrugated cardboard packaging in China. Over 2007 to 2021, CF, blue and gray WFs per unit package decreased by 45%, 60%, and 84%, respectively, while green WF increased by 23% with growing imports of virgin pulp and China's waste ban. National total CF and WFs were 21 to 102 folded with the scale effects. Only a combination of the supply chain reconstruction, lighter single-piece packaging, and increased recycling rate can possibly reduce the environmental footprints by 24 to 44% by 2035.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zenghui Xu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Crop Water Use and College of Soil and Water Conservation Science and Engineering, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling712100, China
| | - La Zhuo
- National Engineering Laboratory for Crop Water Use and College of Soil and Water Conservation Science and Engineering, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling712100, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Water Saving Irrigation at Yangling, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling712100, China
| | - Bianbian Feng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Crop Water Use and College of Soil and Water Conservation Science and Engineering, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling712100, China
| | - Meng Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Crop Water Use and College of Soil and Water Conservation Science and Engineering, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling712100, China
| | - Wei Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Water Saving Irrigation at Yangling, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling712100, China
- The Research Center of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Hongrong Huang
- College of Environment and Civil Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan523808, China
| | - Pute Wu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Crop Water Use and College of Soil and Water Conservation Science and Engineering, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling712100, China
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Poon JPH, Peng P, Atkinson JD. Industrial and textile waste trade: Multilayer network and environmental policy effects. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2024; 177:146-157. [PMID: 38325015 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2024.01.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Waste management is an international enterprise, and it is important to understand global flows of recyclable materials. The Pollution Haven Hypothesis (PHH) suggests that waste moves from high income nations with stringent environmental policy to low income nations with less environmentally stringent policy, by exploiting low labor and regulatory costs. This paper assesses the PHH thesis for slag/dross and textiles (SDT) wastes in PHH through novel integration of the multilayer network and gravity models. The multilayer network model generates network effect that quantifies interlayer connections of multiple waste trade networks. Instead of North-South movement of waste, North-North, South-South, and even South-North are shown. Results from the gravity model indicate that stringent waste management policies reduce both waste exports and imports. PHH is not found for slags/dross where high income countries are importing the waste, contradicting PHH. On the other hand, PHH is more evident between highly connected hubs and havens in SDT waste trade networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessie P H Poon
- Department of Geography, University at Buffalo-SUNY, Buffalo, NY 14261, USA
| | - Peng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Resources and ENational nvironmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - John D Atkinson
- Department of Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering, University at Buffalo-SUNY, Buffalo, NY 14261, USA
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Liu M, Tong S, Tong Z, Guan Y, Sun Y. A strong, biodegradable and transparent cellulose‐based bioplastic stemmed from waste paper. J Appl Polym Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Liu
- Key laboratory of Bio‐based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering Northeast Forestry University Harbin China
| | - Shoudi Tong
- School of Automation Harbin University of Science and Technology Harbin China
| | - Zhihan Tong
- Key laboratory of Bio‐based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering Northeast Forestry University Harbin China
| | - Yuewen Guan
- Key laboratory of Bio‐based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering Northeast Forestry University Harbin China
| | - Yinan Sun
- Key laboratory of Bio‐based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering Northeast Forestry University Harbin China
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Gao M, Remón J, Ding W, Jiang Z, Shi B. Green and sustainable 'Al-Zr-oligosaccharides' tanning agents from the simultaneous depolymerization and oxidation of waste paper. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 837:155570. [PMID: 35504371 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Developing chrome-free and sustainable tanning agents is extremely important to the sustainability of the leather industry. Herein, we have synthesized an Al-Zr-oligosaccharides tanning agent via a simultaneous degradation and oxidation of cellulose in waste paper. The influence of the temperature and the concentrations of AlCl3 and H2O2 during the synthesis were thoroughly investigated on the properties of the tanning agent and the leather produced. The synthesis temperature and the concentration of AlCl3 were the factors primarily affecting the effective depolymerization of cellulose. They controlled the conversion of waste paper into oligosaccharides with an appropriate molecular weight to efficiently penetrate the leather matrix. In parallel, the H2O2 concentration substantially influenced the tanning performance of the Al-Zr-oligosaccharides, diminishing the chromaticity of the tanning liquid via oxidation and promoting the conversion of C2/C3/C6-OH moieties into -CHO/-COOH. These functional groups increased the surface charge of the oligosaccharides allowing more effective coordination with Al/Zr, which facilitated the penetration of Al/Zr species into the leather matrix. Once inside the leather matrix, Al and Zr were released and reacted with the collagen fibers in leather, which resulted in effective leather tanning. The process optimization revealed that up to 57% of waste paper could be converted into a low-chromaticity (4350 AU) liquid hydrolysate with the synthesis conducted at 177 °C in a system comprising 47 mM AlCl3 and 5 vol% H2O2. The application of this liquid for tanning provided leather with a shrinkage temperature (86.5 °C) sufficiently high for commercial applications. These excellent results, combined with the intrinsic green nature of our approach, exemplify a step forward to simultaneously reduce pollution and hazards in leather industries giving a second life to waste paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Gao
- Department of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China; National Engineering Research Center of Clean Technology in Leather Industry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
| | - Javier Remón
- Instituto de Carboquímica, CSIC, Zaragoza 50018, Spain
| | - Wei Ding
- China Leather and Footwear Research Institute Co. Ltd, Beijing 100015, PR China
| | - Zhicheng Jiang
- Department of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China; National Engineering Research Center of Clean Technology in Leather Industry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China.
| | - Bi Shi
- Department of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China; National Engineering Research Center of Clean Technology in Leather Industry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
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Gao Z, Geng Y, Xiao S, Zhuang M. Mapping the Global Anthropogenic Chromium Cycle: Implications for Resource Efficiency and Potential Supply Risk. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:10904-10915. [PMID: 35822514 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c00709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Chromium (Cr) is a critical metal due to its non-substitutable application in the metallurgy industry and highly uneven distribution of global reserve. However, there is a lack of in-depth analysis of global Cr flow patterns and its trade networks among individual cycles, which leaves the potential barriers and opportunities unexplored for improving chromium resource efficiency. Here, we employ a trade-linked multilevel material flow analysis (MFA) to map the global anthropogenic Cr cycle for year 2019. Social network analysis is also used to identify the key countries involved in the global Cr trade network. The results highlight that the global Cr cycle depends substantially on international trade in different forms, of which stainless steel is the leading application. Although South Africa, Kazakhstan, and Turkey are the major Cr primary resource suppliers, China and India play substantial roles in manufacturing Cr-containing products. Regional disparities exist in the scrap contents of individual country cycles, varying from 7% (uncertainty ranges from 4 to 11%) in China to 88% (uncertainty ranges from 87 to 89%) in India. Additionally, several countries are essential in the global Cr redistribution and in the connectivity of the Cr trade network, which may lead to their strong import dependence and even supply disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyan Gao
- School of International and Public Affairs, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Yong Geng
- School of International and Public Affairs, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- China Institute for Urban Governance, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 1954, Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Shijiang Xiao
- School of International and Public Affairs, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Mufan Zhuang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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Mihai RA, Melo Heras EJ, Florescu LI, Catana RD. The Edible Gray Oyster Fungi Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq. ex Fr.) P. Kumm a Potent Waste Consumer, a Biofriendly Species with Antioxidant Activity Depending on the Growth Substrate. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8030274. [PMID: 35330276 PMCID: PMC8956126 DOI: 10.3390/jof8030274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, climate change is not the only threat facing our planet. There are also other types of pollution such as waste that poisons soils and water and kills plants, harming humans and animals. Sustainability represents a key issue for the actual Global Citizen. For this reason, our article is dedicated to offering biofriendly solutions to decrease wastes, give them a positive meaning, such as a substrate for an edible oyster fungus with nutritive and biological properties usefully for humans. Three types of wastes such as coconut coir, pine sawdust, and paper waste-representative symbols of pollution in Ecuador-have been tested as suitable growing substrate for the edible fungi Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq. ex Fr.) P. Kumm by analyzing parameters such as Biological Efficiency, Mushroom Yield, and Productive Rate. The influence of these "waste" substrates on the nutritive (protein content), biological characteristic (antioxidant activity), and the content of human-health-sustaining compounds (phenols, flavonoids) were also evaluated using the Kjeldahal, DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, and Folin-Ciocalteu methods. The results indicate that all the waste products represent desirable substrates for growing the edible fungi, with more focus on coconut coir waste (one of the principal pollution problems in Ecuador), but that also achieved the increase in the fungi's desirable characteristics. Coconut coir waste could be an environmentally friendly solution that also offers for humans additional nutritive and healthy benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raluca A. Mihai
- CICTE, Department of Life Science and Agriculture, Universidad de Las Fuerzas Armadas—ESPE, Av. General Rumiñahui s/n y, Sangolqui 171103, Ecuador;
- Correspondence:
| | - Erly J. Melo Heras
- CICTE, Department of Life Science and Agriculture, Universidad de Las Fuerzas Armadas—ESPE, Av. General Rumiñahui s/n y, Sangolqui 171103, Ecuador;
| | - Larisa I. Florescu
- Taxonomy, Ecology and Nature Conservation Department, Institute of Biology Bucharest of Romanian Academy, 296 Splaiul Independentei, 060031 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Rodica D. Catana
- Developmental Biology Department, Institute of Biology Bucharest of Romanian Academy, 296 Splaiul Independentei, 060031 Bucharest, Romania;
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