1
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Son JY, Choe S, Jang YJ, Kim H. Waste paper-derived porous carbon via microwave-assisted activation for energy storage and water purification. Chemosphere 2024; 355:141798. [PMID: 38548074 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The reuse of waste papers by conversion into valuable carbon materials has received considerable attention for diverse applications such as energy storage and water purification. However, traditional methods for converting waste papers into materials with suitable properties for specific applications are often complex and ineffective, involving consecutive carbonization and activation steps. Herein, we propose a simple one-step microwave (MW)-assisted synthesis for preparing waste paper-derived porous carbons (WPCs) for energy storage and water purification. Through a 30-min synthesis, WPCs with graphitic structure and high specific surface area were successfully produced. The fabricated WPCs exhibited outstanding charge storage capability with a maximum specific capacitance of 237.7 F g-1. Additionally, the WPC demonstrates a high removal efficiency for various dyes, achieving a maximum removal efficiency of 95.0% for methylene blue. The developed one-step MW synthesis not only enables the production of porous carbon from waste paper, but also offers a viable approach to address solid waste management challenges while simultaneously yielding valuable materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josue Yaedalm Son
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Seokwoo Choe
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn Jeong Jang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyejeong Kim
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea; Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, Am Faßberg 17, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.
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2
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Wu CS, Wang SS, Wu DY, Ke CY. A sustainable packaging composite of waste paper and poly(butylene succinate-co-lactate) with high biodegradability. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 262:129911. [PMID: 38320640 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
The challenge of global climate change has drawn people's attention to the issue of carbon emissions. Reducing the use of petroleum-derived materials and increasing the use of biodegradable materials is a current focus of research, especially in the packaging materials industry. This study focused on the use of environmentally friendly plastics and waste paper as the main materials for packaging films. Poly(butylene succinate-co-lactate) (PBSL) was modified with maleic anhydride (MA) to form a biobased compatibilizer (MPBSL), which was then blended with a mixture (WPS) of waste-paper powder (WP) and silica aerogel powder (SP) to form the designed composite (MPBSL/WPS). The modification of PBSL with MA improved interfacial adhesion between PBSL and WPS. The structure, thermal, and mechanical properties, water vapor/oxygen barrier, toxicity, freshness, and biodegradability of MPBSL/WPS films were evaluated. Compared with the PBSL/WP film, the MPBSL/WPS film exhibited increased tensile strength at break of 4-13.5 MPa, increased initial decomposition loss at 5 wt% of 14-35 °C, and decreased water/oxygen permeabilities of 18-105 cm3/m2·d·Pa. In the water absorption test, the MPBSL/WPS film displayed about 2-6 % lower water absorption than that of the PBSL/WP film. In the cytocompatibility test, both MPBSL/WPS and PBSL/WP membrane were nontoxic. In addition, compared with PBSL/WP film and the control, the MPBSL/WPS film significantly reduced moisture loss, extended the shelf life, and prevented microbial growth in vegetable and meat preservation tests. Both MPBSL/WPS and PBSL/WP films were biodegradable in a 60-day soil biodegradation test; the degradation rate was 50 % when the WP or WPS content was 40 wt%. Our findings indicate that the composites would be suitable for environmentally sustainable packaging materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-San Wu
- Department of Cosmetology and Health Care, Kao Yuan University, Kaohsiung County 82101, Taiwan.
| | - Shan-Shue Wang
- Department of Cosmetology and Health Care, Kao Yuan University, Kaohsiung County 82101, Taiwan
| | - Dung-Yi Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Chu-Yun Ke
- Department of Chemical Engineering, I Shou University, Kaohsiung County 84001, Taiwan
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3
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Sun H, Feng J, Feng J, Sun M, Feng Y, Sun M. Carbon aerogels derived from waste paper for pipette-tip solid-phase extraction of triazole fungicides in tomato, apple and pear. Food Chem 2022; 395:133633. [PMID: 35816989 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
In order to develop environmentally friendly, economical and facile preparation method of carbon aerogels (CAs), the waste printing paper as the raw material was combined with graphene oxide and carboxylic multi-walled carbon nanotubes to produce CAs (ρ = 44 mg cm-3). The CAs with different composition were investigated, the addition of graphene oxide led to the reduction of adsorption sites and the reduction of extraction performance. But the carbon nanotubes made CAs have a better pore structure. The CAs as adsorbent were loaded into a pipette-tip for solid-phase extraction of hexaconazole and diniconazole. Coupled with gas chromatography, an analytical method was established under the optimized conditions. The limits of detection were between 0.08 and 0.32 mg kg-1, the linear ranges were 0.96-200.0 mg kg-1 and 0.24-200.0 mg kg-1. The relative recoveries were in the range of 81.0-119%. The results indicated that the method had potential application for the determination of triazole fungicides.
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4
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Gao M, Remón J, Ding W, Jiang Z, Shi B. Green and sustainable 'Al-Zr-oligosaccharides' tanning agents from the simultaneous depolymerization and oxidation of waste paper. Sci Total Environ 2022; 837:155570. [PMID: 35504371 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Developing chrome-free and sustainable tanning agents is extremely important to the sustainability of the leather industry. Herein, we have synthesized an Al-Zr-oligosaccharides tanning agent via a simultaneous degradation and oxidation of cellulose in waste paper. The influence of the temperature and the concentrations of AlCl3 and H2O2 during the synthesis were thoroughly investigated on the properties of the tanning agent and the leather produced. The synthesis temperature and the concentration of AlCl3 were the factors primarily affecting the effective depolymerization of cellulose. They controlled the conversion of waste paper into oligosaccharides with an appropriate molecular weight to efficiently penetrate the leather matrix. In parallel, the H2O2 concentration substantially influenced the tanning performance of the Al-Zr-oligosaccharides, diminishing the chromaticity of the tanning liquid via oxidation and promoting the conversion of C2/C3/C6-OH moieties into -CHO/-COOH. These functional groups increased the surface charge of the oligosaccharides allowing more effective coordination with Al/Zr, which facilitated the penetration of Al/Zr species into the leather matrix. Once inside the leather matrix, Al and Zr were released and reacted with the collagen fibers in leather, which resulted in effective leather tanning. The process optimization revealed that up to 57% of waste paper could be converted into a low-chromaticity (4350 AU) liquid hydrolysate with the synthesis conducted at 177 °C in a system comprising 47 mM AlCl3 and 5 vol% H2O2. The application of this liquid for tanning provided leather with a shrinkage temperature (86.5 °C) sufficiently high for commercial applications. These excellent results, combined with the intrinsic green nature of our approach, exemplify a step forward to simultaneously reduce pollution and hazards in leather industries giving a second life to waste paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Gao
- Department of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China; National Engineering Research Center of Clean Technology in Leather Industry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
| | - Javier Remón
- Instituto de Carboquímica, CSIC, Zaragoza 50018, Spain
| | - Wei Ding
- China Leather and Footwear Research Institute Co. Ltd, Beijing 100015, PR China
| | - Zhicheng Jiang
- Department of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China; National Engineering Research Center of Clean Technology in Leather Industry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China.
| | - Bi Shi
- Department of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China; National Engineering Research Center of Clean Technology in Leather Industry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
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5
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Inkoua S, Li C, Kontchouo FMB, Sun K, Zhang S, Gholizadeh M, Wang Y, Hu X. Activation of waste paper: Influence of varied chemical agents on product properties. Waste Manag 2022; 146:94-105. [PMID: 35588650 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2022.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Waste paper (WP) is rich in cellulose, which can be activated to produce porous carbon, bio-oil, and combustible gases. During chemical activation of WP, the use of varied chemical agents not only generates activated carbon of distinct pore structure but also bio-oil/gases of different property. In this study, the activation of WP with varied chemical agents was conducted. The distinct characteristics of activated carbon and also bio-oil/gases were correlated with the different nature of the used chemical agents. The results indicated that H3PO4 and ZnCl2 catalyzed polymerization reactions for producing more bio-oil while less gases owing to their Brønsted and Lewis acidic sites. K2C2O4 showed high activity for cracking/gasification reactions, forming bio-oil with higher abundance of organics with smaller π-conjugated structures. In addition, ZnCl2 could create a very coarse porous structure with abundant macropores via destroying fiber structure in WP and promoting the growth of graphitic crystals. In comparison, K2C2O4 hindered the aromatization and facilitated the formation of amorphous activated carbon. K2C2O4 and ZnCl2 were much more effective than H3PO4 for creating micropores and mesopores from WP, the derived activated carbon showed superior performances as the electrode of supercapacitor and adsorbent for adsorption of oxytetracycline from aqueous solution. In addition, K2C2O4 as activating agent showed lower environmental impact than ZnCl2 in terms of energy consumption, environmental pollution and the greenhouse effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stelgen Inkoua
- School of Material Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, PR China
| | - Chao Li
- School of Material Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, PR China
| | | | - Kai Sun
- School of Material Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, PR China
| | - Shu Zhang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, PR China
| | - Mortaza Gholizadeh
- Faculty of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Xun Hu
- School of Material Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, PR China.
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6
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Liu F, Hua S, Wang C, Hu B. Insight into the performance and mechanism of persimmon tannin functionalized waste paper for U(VI) and Cr(VI) removal. Chemosphere 2022; 287:132199. [PMID: 34555582 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Herein, using dialdehyde waste paper (DAWP) as a cross-linking agent to immobilize persimmon tannin (PT) was first used to remove the U(VI) and Cr(VI) via the "waste control by waste" concept. The microscopic and macroscopic surface properties of the as-prepared adsorbent was characterized by the advanced characterization techniques. Factors that affected the elimination process such as variable pH, coexistence ions and equilibrium time were investigated by batch techniques. The results showed that the maximal removal capacities of U(VI) and Cr(VI) on DAWP-PT were 242.3 mg/g (pH = 6.0) and 178.7 mg/g (pH = 2.0) at 298 K, which exhibited competitiveness with most of the reported solid materials. Meanwhile, adsorption data were fitted perfectly to the Langmuir and Pseudo-second-order equations, which indicated that the monolayer and homogenous chemisorption dominated the removal process. The SEM-EDX, DFT and XPS analysis conformed that adsorption of U(VI) was mainly via surface complexation, while the elimination of Cr(VI) was a redox reaction process, and about 65.33% of Cr(III) and 34.67% of Cr(VI) co-existed onto the surface of DAWP-PT. Thus, this study would provide a high-efficiency and low-cost adsorbent for radionuclide and heavy metal treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenglei Liu
- School of Life Science, Shaoxing University, Huancheng West Road 508, Shaoxing, 312000, PR China
| | - Shan Hua
- School of Life Science, Shaoxing University, Huancheng West Road 508, Shaoxing, 312000, PR China
| | - Chao Wang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Baowei Hu
- School of Life Science, Shaoxing University, Huancheng West Road 508, Shaoxing, 312000, PR China.
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7
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Shome A, Rather AM, Borbora A, Srikrishnarka P, Baidya A, Pradeep T, Manna U. Design of a Waste Paper-Derived Chemically 'Reactive' and Durable Functional Material with Tailorable Mechanical Property Following an Ambient and Sustainable Chemical Approach. Chem Asian J 2021; 16:1988-2001. [PMID: 34061458 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202100475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Controlled tailoring of mechanical property and wettability is important for designing various functional materials. The integration of these characteristics with waste materials is immensely challenging to achieve, however, it can provide sustainable solutions to combat relevant environmental pollutions and other relevant challenges. Here, the strategic conversion of discarded and valueless waste paper into functional products has been introduced following a catalyst-free chemical approach to tailor both the mechanical property and water wettability at ambient conditions for sustainable waste management and controlling the relevant environmental pollution. In the current design, the controlled and appropriate silanization of waste paper allowed to modulate both the a) porosity and b) compressive modulus of the paper-derived sponges. Further, the association of 1,4-conjugate addition reaction between amine and acrylate groups allowed to obtain an unconventional waste paper-derived chemically 'reactive' sponge. The appropriate covalent modification of the residual reactive acrylate groups with selected alkylamines at ambient conditions provided a facile basis to tailor the water wettability from moderate hydrophobicity, adhesive superhydrophobicity to non-adhesive superhydrophobicity. The embedded superhydrophobicity in the waste paper-derived sponge was capable of sustaining large physical deformations, severe physical abrasions, prolonged exposure to harsh aqueous conditions, etc. Further, the waste paper-derived, extremely water-repellent sponges and membranes were successfully extended for proof-of-concept demonstration of a practically relevant outdoor application, where the repetitive remediation of oil spillages has been demonstrated following both selective absorption (25 times) of oils and gravity-driven filtration-based (50 times) separation of oils from oil/water mixtures at different harsh aqueous scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpita Shome
- Bio-Inspired Polymeric Materials Lab, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology-Guwahati, Kamrup, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Adil M Rather
- Bio-Inspired Polymeric Materials Lab, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology-Guwahati, Kamrup, Assam, 781039, India.,Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, USA
| | - Angana Borbora
- Bio-Inspired Polymeric Materials Lab, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology-Guwahati, Kamrup, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Pillalamarri Srikrishnarka
- Department of Chemistry, DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS) and Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE), Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India
| | - Avijit Baidya
- Department of Chemistry, DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS) and Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE), Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India
| | - Thalappil Pradeep
- Department of Chemistry, DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS) and Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE), Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India
| | - Uttam Manna
- Bio-Inspired Polymeric Materials Lab, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology-Guwahati, Kamrup, Assam, 781039, India.,Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology-Guwahati, Kamrup, Assam, 781039, India
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8
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Oliva C, Huang W, El Badri S, Lee MAL, Ronholm J, Chen L, Wang Y. Concentrated sulfuric acid aqueous solution enables rapid recycling of cellulose from waste paper into antimicrobial packaging. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 241:116256. [PMID: 32507215 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Waste paper is a major contributor to municipal and industrial waste, and its recycle and reuse are a current challenge. The aim of this research is to convert waste paper into value-added cellulose films through rapid dissolution in pre-cooled H2SO4 aqueous solution. Two types of waste paper, office paper and cardboard, could be dissolved within 210 s. The regenerated office paper films were transparent, and exhibited excellent mechanical properties (tensile strength: 77.55 ± 6.52 MPa, elongation at break: 2.67 ± 0.30 %, and Young's modulus: 5451.67 ± 705.23 MPa), which were comparable to those of cellulose films prepared from spruce pulp in the same solvent. The mixed paper films showed a dramatically reduced UV transmittance due to the existence of lignin. Moreover, the regenerated films were a promising matrix to load antimicrobial compounds, and thus inhibited the growth of pathogenic bacteria. Therefore, this work provides a convenient way to directly convert waste paper into biodegradable antimicrobial packaging materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camelia Oliva
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, Ste Anne de Bellevue, QC, H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Weijuan Huang
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Souhaïla El Badri
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, Ste Anne de Bellevue, QC, H9X 3V9, Canada; Institut Polytechnique Lasalle Beauvais Campus, Beauvais, 60026, France
| | - Maria Ai Lan Lee
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, Ste Anne de Bellevue, QC, H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Jennifer Ronholm
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, Ste Anne de Bellevue, QC, H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Lingyun Chen
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Yixiang Wang
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, Ste Anne de Bellevue, QC, H9X 3V9, Canada.
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9
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Yang G, Zhou C, Wang W, Ma S, Liu H, Liu Y, Zhao Z. Recycling sustainability of waste paper industry in Beijing City: An analysis based on value chain and GIS model. Waste Manag 2020; 106:62-70. [PMID: 32197206 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2020.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
China established a self-organized and market-driven recycling system, which was dominated by the informal sectors. In recent years, the amount of domestically-recycled waste paper grew slower than expectation in China, which may be resulted from a decline in economic sustainability of current recycling system. For understanding the waste paper recycling system in most cities in China, the economic mechanism remains unclear and the city-level data is extremely insufficient. In this work, an index of recycling sustainability (IRS, benefit divided by cost) is analyzed with a resolution of 1 km2 grid in Beijing City, by adopting value chain and GIS methodology. Five degrees of IRS are defined, from high-degree (IRS > 1.10) to low-degree (IRS < 0.95). Different stakeholders in the informal waste paper recycling system were interviewed to fill the data gap. Results show that: (1) from 2015 to 2018, the informal recycling of waste paper accounted for approximate 80% in Beijing; (2) the number of informal recyclables distribution sites decreased from 27 to 11, and their average distance to the city-center rose from 27.5 km to 40.9 km; (3) in 2015 and 2018, the grids with high-degree IRS accounted for 99.5% and 89.2%, respectively, indicating a sustainable waste paper recycling industry in Beijing; and (4) according to the scenario analysis, if the operating cost rises by 30%, the grids with low-degree IRS accounts for 98.5%, indicating a nontrivial challenges when the recycling cost keeps increasing in the future. Policy recommendations are put forward for a more sustainable paper waste recycling system in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Yang
- Stake Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chuanbin Zhou
- Stake Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Wenlai Wang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Shijun Ma
- Stake Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hongju Liu
- Ningbo Capital Kitchen Waste Treatment Company Limited, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province 315156, China
| | - Yijie Liu
- Stake Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Zhilan Zhao
- Stake Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
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10
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Kumar V, Pathak P, Bhardwaj NK. Waste paper: An underutilized but promising source for nanocellulose mining. Waste Manag 2020; 102:281-303. [PMID: 31704510 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2019.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Nanocellulose has achieved an inimitable place and value in nano-materials research sector. Promising and exclusive physical, chemical and biological properties of nanocellulose make it an attractive and ideal material for various high end-user applications. Conventionally, the base material for nanocellulose i.e. cellulose is being extracted from various lignocellulosic raw materials (like wood, agro-industrial-residues, etc.) using pulping followed by bleaching sequences. As an alternate to lignocellulosic raw materials, waste paper also showed potential as a competent raw material due to its abundant availability and high cellulosic content (60-70%) with comparatively less hemicelluloses (10-20%) and lignin (5-10%) without any harsh treatments. The production yields of nanocellulose were reported to vary from 1.5% to 64% depending upon the waste papers and treatments given. The diameters of these nanocelluloses were reported in the range of 2-100 nm and crystallinity range around 54-95%. Thermal degradation of waste paper nanocellulose was varied from 187 °C to 371 °C. Although these properties are comparable with the nanocellulose obtained from lignocellulosic raw materials, yet waste paper is an underutilized source for nanocellulose preparation due to its ordinary fate of recycling, dumping and incineration. In the sight of necessity and possibility of waste paper utilization, this article reviews the outcomes of research carried out for preparation of nanocellulose using waste paper as a source of cellulose. There is a need of sincere investigation to convert this valuable waste to wealth i.e. waste papers to nanocellulose, which will be helpful in solid waste management to protect environment in economical way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varun Kumar
- Nanotechnology and Advanced Biomaterials Group, Avantha Centre for Industrial Research & Development, Paper Mill Campus, Yamuna Nagar 135001, India
| | - Puneet Pathak
- Nanotechnology and Advanced Biomaterials Group, Avantha Centre for Industrial Research & Development, Paper Mill Campus, Yamuna Nagar 135001, India
| | - Nishi Kant Bhardwaj
- Avantha Centre for Industrial Research & Development, Paper Mill Campus, Yamuna Nagar 135001, India.
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11
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Bergamonti L, Potenza M, Haghighi Poshtiri A, Lorenzi A, Sanangelantoni AM, Lazzarini L, Lottici PP, Graiff C. Ag-functionalized nanocrystalline cellulose for paper preservation and strengthening. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 231:115773. [PMID: 31888832 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Waste paper is an environmentally friendly source of cellulosic material. Here we propose a new treatment based on nanocrystalline cellulose (CNC) for paper preservation and consolidation. Suspensions of CNC were prepared by sulfuric acid hydrolysis using waste paper as cellulose source (CNCWP) and compared with CNC from cotton linter (CNCCL). Both CNCs were obtained with good yield, showing high crystallinity index and comparable morphology, as demonstrated by DLS-ELS, XRD, FTIR, Raman and TEM analyses. CNCs were mixed with silver nanoparticles (CNC/Ag) and their biocidal activity was tested against Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis, measuring the minimum inhibitory concentration. CNCs were exploited as treatments for biocidal activity and consolidation on Whatman paper. The presence of silver nanoparticles doesn't affect aesthetic appearance of the original paper and prevents the growth of Aspergillus niger fungus. Mechanical tests demonstrated that the coatings by CNC based products improve stretch and toughness of the paper support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Bergamonti
- Department of Chemistry, Life Science and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, Parma, Italy
| | - Marianna Potenza
- Department of Chemistry, Life Science and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, Parma, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Lorenzi
- Department of Chemistry, Life Science and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, Parma, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Sanangelantoni
- Department of Chemistry, Life Science and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, Parma, Italy
| | - Laura Lazzarini
- Istituto dei Materiali per l'Elettronica ed il Magnetismo, IMEM, Consiglio delle Ricerche, Parco Area delle Scienze 37/A, Parma, Italy
| | - Pier Paolo Lottici
- Department of Mathematical, Physical and Computer Sciences, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 7/A, Parma, Italy
| | - Claudia Graiff
- Department of Chemistry, Life Science and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, Parma, Italy.
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12
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Takizawa S, Baba Y, Tada C, Fukuda Y, Nakai Y. Preservation of rumen fluid for the pretreatment of waste paper to improve methane production. Waste Manag 2019; 87:672-678. [PMID: 31109569 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2019.02.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
It is necessary to preserve rumen fluid for transport from slaughterhouses to the pretreatment facilities for use in treating lignocellulosic biomass. In this study, we investigated how the preservation of rumen fluid at various temperatures affects its use in hydrolysis of waste paper. Rumen fluid was preserved anaerobically at 4, 20, and 35 °C for 7 days. The number of protozoa and fibrolytic enzyme activity after preservation at 4 °C were significantly higher than that after preservation at either 20 or 35 °C. Waste paper was subsequently treated with preserved rumen fluid at 37 °C for 48 h. Preservation at 20 °C remarkedly decreased the hydrolysis of waste paper. Xylanase activity in rumen fluid preserved at 35 °C increased during the treatment, which enhanced the solubilization of waste paper as comparable to the control and preservation at 4 °C. Pretreatment of waste paper with rumen fluid preserved at 4 °C showed that the fluid retained high fibrolytic activity, and reduced the loss of organic carbon as substrate for methanogens. Our results suggest that preservation of rumen fluid at 4 °C is most suitable for efficient pretreatment and methane fermentation of waste paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhei Takizawa
- Laboratory of Sustainable Animal Environment, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Yomogida 232-3, Naruko-onsen, Osaki, Miyagi 989-6711, Japan
| | - Yasunori Baba
- Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Suematsu 1-308, Nonoichi, Ishikawa 921-8836, Japan
| | - Chika Tada
- Laboratory of Sustainable Animal Environment, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Yomogida 232-3, Naruko-onsen, Osaki, Miyagi 989-6711, Japan.
| | - Yasuhiro Fukuda
- Laboratory of Sustainable Animal Environment, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Yomogida 232-3, Naruko-onsen, Osaki, Miyagi 989-6711, Japan
| | - Yutaka Nakai
- Department of Agro-Food Science, Niigata Agro-Food University, Hiranedai 2416, Tainai, Niigata 959-2702, Japan.
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13
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Amare DE, Ogun MK, Körner I. Anaerobic treatment of deinking sludge: Methane production and organic matter degradation. Waste Manag 2019; 85:417-424. [PMID: 30803596 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2018.12.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Deinking sludge (DS) is a residue from the waste paper recycling industry. It is a by-product originating from the deinking process which is designed to remove inks and other impurities from waste papers to recover usable fibers. The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of anaerobic digestion (AD) of DS in order to produce methane (CH4) by degrading organic matter. DS differs clearly from common AD substrates due to its specific composition. The focus was laid on comparing various inocula in order to find appropriate microbial consortia. Three inocula from different origins were investigated. After sludge and inocula characterization, batch AD at a mesophilic (37 °C) condition was performed for 21 days to determine biogas and CH4 potentials as well as sludge biodegradability in comparison to cellulose. The highest average CH4 yield achieved in the 21 days of the batch experiment was 167 NmL/g organic dry matter (oDM). However, the CH4 potentials from all experiments did not have a wide range (average 160 NmL/g oDM; standard deviation ±5.0 NmL/g oDM). The highest organic matter degradation achieved was 31%. It can be stated that conventional AD inocula are usable to degrade DS, but that a significant part of the oDM was anaerobically not degradable. The overall CH4 yields were lower compared to top AD substrates such as energy crops, but in a similar range like residue-based AD substrates such as manure. Since actual DS management is cost-intensive and affecting the profitability of waste paper industry significantly, AD as a management option with an energetically valuable output is a very promising option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagnachew Eyachew Amare
- Hamburg University of Technology, Institute of Wastewater Management and Water Protection, 21073 Hamburg, Germany; University of Gondar, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, P.O. Box. 196, Gondar, Ethiopia.
| | - Moses Kolade Ogun
- Hamburg University of Technology, Institute of Wastewater Management and Water Protection, 21073 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ina Körner
- Hamburg University of Technology, Institute of Wastewater Management and Water Protection, 21073 Hamburg, Germany
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14
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Žgajnar Gotvajn A, Kalčíková G. Delamination of plastic-coated waste paper by enzymes of the white rot fungus Dichomitus squalens. J Environ Manage 2018; 228:165-168. [PMID: 30218903 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.08.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Many paper products are coated with plastic to improve their quality and stability. However, this limits recycling and recovery options and the plastic-coated waste paper is mostly disposed in landfills. Such practices are uneconomical and contrary to sustainable waste management. In this work enzymes of the white rot fungus Dichomitus squalens were investigated for possible delamination of plastic-coated waste paper. Enzymes were found capable to release the polyethylene foil from plastic-coated paper which resulted in 88.6-91.5% mass loss. The delamination rate, however, was depended on the ratio between plastic-coated paper and volume of enzyme filtrate. Results of a consequent experiment showed that enzymes are also efficient when plastic-coated paper is treated in a sequencing batch reactor resulting in 88.2-90.6% mass loss. The system was fully functional up to the 5th cycle; afterwards, the delamination rate reduced due to high thickness of the waste paper sludge. The enzyme activity, however, was still very high; with the laccase activity at the end of the experiment above 900 U/L and manganese peroxidase above 250 U/L. Our results demonstrated, that plastic-coated waste paper has the potential to be efficiently recovered instead of being disposed in landfills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreja Žgajnar Gotvajn
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, 113 Večna pot, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Gabriela Kalčíková
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, 113 Večna pot, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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15
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Xiu M, Stevanovic S, Rahman MM, Pourkhesalian AM, Morawska L, Thai PK. Emissions of particulate matter, carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides from the residential burning of waste paper briquettes and other fuels. Environ Res 2018; 167:536-543. [PMID: 30142630 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Using waste paper as fuel for domestic heating is a beneficial recycling option for small island developing states where there are lacks of resources for energy and waste treatment. However, there are concerns about the impact of air pollutants emitted from the burning of the self-made paper briquettes as household air pollution is recognised as the greatest environmental risk for human. In this study, combustion tests were carried out for paper briquettes made in one Pacific island and three commercial fuels in Australia including wood briquettes, kindling firewood and coal briquettes in order to: 1) characterise the emissions of three criteria air pollutants including particulate matters, CO and NOx including their emission factors (EF) from the tested fuels; and 2) compare the EFs among the tested fuels and with others reported in the literature. The results showed that waste paper briquettes burned quickly and generated high temperature but the heat value is relatively low. Paper briquettes and coal briquettes produced higher CO concentration than the others while paper briquettes generated the highest NOx level. Only PM2.5 concentration emitted from paper briquettes was similar to kindling firewood and lower than wood briquettes. Burning of paper briquettes and wood briquettes produced particulate matter with large average count median diameter (72 and 68 nm) than coal briquette and kindling firewood (45 and 51 nm). The EFs for CO, NOx and PM2.5 of paper briquettes were within the range of EFs reported in this study as well as in the literature. Overall, the results suggested that using paper briquettes as fuel for domestic heating will not likely to generate higher level of three major air pollutants compared to other traditional fuels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Xiu
- Queensland University of Technology, International Laboratory for Air Quality & Health, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Svetlana Stevanovic
- Queensland University of Technology, International Laboratory for Air Quality & Health, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; School of Engineering, Deakin University, VIC 3216, Australia
| | | | | | - Lidia Morawska
- Queensland University of Technology, International Laboratory for Air Quality & Health, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Phong K Thai
- Queensland University of Technology, International Laboratory for Air Quality & Health, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
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16
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Yue X, Zhang T, Yang D, Qiu F, Li Z, Wei G, Qiao Y. Ag nanoparticles coated cellulose membrane with high infrared reflection, breathability and antibacterial property for human thermal insulation. J Colloid Interface Sci 2018; 535:363-370. [PMID: 30316123 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2018.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
To maintain personal thermal comfort in cold weather, indoor heating consumes large amount of energy and is a primary source of greenhouse gas emission. Traditional clothes are too thick for thermal comfort in cold outdoor environment, resulting the lower wearing comfort. In this work, a multifunctional Ag nanoparticles/cellulose fibers thermal insulation membrane starting from waste paper cellulose fibers was prepared via simple silver mirror reaction and subsequent vacuum filtration process to improve the infrared reflection properties of membranes for human thermal insulation. The sphere-like Ag nanoparticles were tightly anchored on surface of waste paper cellulose fibers, forming an Ag nanoparticles infrared radiation reflection coating with high infrared reflectance, resulting in high thermal insulation capacity of the thermal insulation membrane. In addition, Ag nanoparticles endow the thermo insulation membrane with excellent antibacterial activity, and the thermo insulation membranes can effectively inhibit the growth of both Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. In this thermal insulation system, the thermo insulation membranes show superhydrophilicity and porosity, which allow the membranes to be breathable for comfortable wearing feeling. These promising results including high infrared reflection for high thermal insolating, high breathability for wearing comfort, and excellent antibacterial activity make the Ag/cellulose thermo insulation membranes promising candidates for applications in human thermal management, energy regulation and other facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejie Yue
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Dongya Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Fengxian Qiu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Zhangdi Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Gengyao Wei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yu Qiao
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066000, Hebei Province, China
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17
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Hietala M, Varrio K, Berglund L, Soini J, Oksman K. Potential of municipal solid waste paper as raw material for production of cellulose nanofibres. Waste Manag 2018; 80:319-326. [PMID: 30455013 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2018.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
When aiming for higher resource efficiency, greater utilization of waste streams is needed. In this work, waste paper separated from mixed municipal solid waste (MSW) was studied as a potential starting material for the production of cellulose nanofibres (CNFs). The waste paper was treated using three different techniques, namely pulping, flotation and washing, after which it was subjected to an ultrafine grinding process to produce CNFs. The energy consumption of the nanofibrillation and nanofibre morphology, as well as properties of the prepared nanofibers, were analysed. Despite the varying amounts of impurities in the waste fibres, all samples could be fibrillated into nanoscale fibres. The tensile strengths of the CNF networks ranged from 70 to 100 MPa, while the stiffness was ∼7 GPa; thus, their mechanical strength can be adequate for applications in which high purity is not required. The contact angles of the CNF networks varied depending on the used treatment method: the flotation-treated networks were more hydrophilic (contact angle 52.5°) and the washed networks were more hydrophobic (contact angle 72.6°).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maiju Hietala
- Fibre and Particle Engineering Research Unit, Faculty of Technology, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 4300, 90014 Oulu, Finland.
| | - Kalle Varrio
- Fibre and Particle Engineering Research Unit, Faculty of Technology, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 4300, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Linn Berglund
- Division of Materials Science, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Luleå University of Technology, 97187 Luleå, Sweden
| | - Jaakko Soini
- Fortum Recycling and Waste Solutions, Kiviharjunlenkki 6, 90220 Oulu, Finland
| | - Kristiina Oksman
- Fibre and Particle Engineering Research Unit, Faculty of Technology, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 4300, 90014 Oulu, Finland; Division of Materials Science, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Luleå University of Technology, 97187 Luleå, Sweden
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18
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Li W, Ji P, Zhou Q, Hua C, Han C. Insights into the Synergistic Biodegradation of Waste Papers Using a Combination of Thermostable Endoglucanase and Cellobiohydrolase from Chaetomium thermophilum. Mol Biotechnol 2018; 60:49-54. [PMID: 29192396 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-017-0043-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Enzymatic hydrolysis is considered an efficient and environmental strategy for the degradation of organic waste materials. Compared to mesophilic cellulases, thermostable cellulases with considerable activity are more advantageous in waste paper hydrolysis, particularly in terms of their participation in synergistic action. In this study, the synergistic effect of two different types of thermostable Chaetomium thermophilum cellulases, the endoglucanase CTendo45 and the cellobiohydrolase CtCel6, on five common kinds of waste papers was investigated. CtCel6 significantly enhanced the bioconversion process, and CTendo45 synergistically increased the degradation, with a maximum degree of synergistic effect of 1.67 when the mass ratio of CTendo45/CtCel6 was 5:3. The synergistic degradation products of each paper material were also determined. Additionally, the activities of CTendo45 and CtCel6 were found to be insensitive to various metals at 2 mM and 10 mM ion concentrations. This study gives an initial insight into a satisfactory synergistic effect of C. thermophilum thermostable cellulases for the hydrolysis of different paper materials, which provides a potential combination of enzymes for industrial applications, including environmentally friendly waste management and cellulosic ethanol production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiguang Li
- Department of Mycology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Peng Ji
- Department of Mycology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Qinzheng Zhou
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Chengyao Hua
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Chao Han
- Department of Mycology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shandong, China. .,College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shandong, China.
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19
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Yang S, Yu H, You Y, Li X, Jiang J. Effective lactic acid production from waste paper using Streptococcus thermophilus at low enzyme loading assisted by Gleditsia saponin. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 200:122-7. [PMID: 30177148 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.07.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Waste paper has considerable potential as a raw material for lactic acid (LA) production due to high cellulose content, abundance and low cost. In this study, four kinds of waste papers were used for LA production through simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) by Streptococcus thermophilus. The SSF of office paper achieved the highest LA concentration (39.71 g/L), while the highest LA yield was observed for magazine (99.56%), followed by office paper (82.85%). High LA concentration is unfavorable to total LA conversion because of product inhibition. However, the addition of Gleditsia saponin (GS) could obtain both high yield and high concentration of LA at a low enzyme loading, indicating that product inhibition could be moderated. A lactic acid yield of 86.30% was obtained from office paper at an enzyme loading of 9 FPU/g-cellulose with GS, which was higher than that of without GS at a higher loading of 18 FPU/g-cellulose.
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20
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Rodriguez C, Alaswad A, El-Hassan Z, Olabi AG. Mechanical pretreatment of waste paper for biogas production. Waste Manag 2017; 68:157-164. [PMID: 28688546 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2017.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In the anaerobic digestion of lignocellulosic materials such as waste paper, the accessibility of microorganisms to the fermentable sugars is restricted by their complex structure. A mechanical pretreatment with a Hollander beater was assessed in order to reduce the biomass particle size and to increase the feedstock' specific surface area available to the microorganisms, and therefore improve the biogas yield. Pretreatment of paper waste for 60min improves the methane yield by 21%, from a value of 210ml/gVS corresponding to untreated paper waste to 254ml/gVS. 30min pretreatment have no significant effect on the methane yield. A response surface methodology was used to evaluate the effect of the beating time and feedstock/inoculum ratio on the methane yield. An optimum methane yield of 253ml/gVS was achieved at 55min of beating pretreatment and a F/I ratio of 0.3.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Rodriguez
- Institute of Engineering and Energy Technologies, School of Engineering and Computing, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley PA1 2BE, UK.
| | - A Alaswad
- School of Engineering and the Built Environment, Birmingham City University, Birmingham B5 5JU, UK
| | - Z El-Hassan
- Institute of Engineering and Energy Technologies, School of Engineering and Computing, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley PA1 2BE, UK
| | - A G Olabi
- Institute of Engineering and Energy Technologies, School of Engineering and Computing, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley PA1 2BE, UK
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21
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Nishimura H, Tan L, Kira N, Tomiyama S, Yamada K, Sun ZY, Tang YQ, Morimura S, Kida K. Production of ethanol from a mixture of waste paper and kitchen waste via a process of successive liquefaction, presaccharification, and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation. Waste Manag 2017; 67:86-94. [PMID: 28527862 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2017.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 02/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Efficient ethanol production from waste paper requires the addition of expensive nutrients. To reduce the production cost of ethanol from waste paper, a study on how to produce ethanol efficiently by adding kitchen waste (potentially as a carbon source, nutrient source, and acidity regulator) to waste paper was performed and a process of successive liquefaction, presaccharification, and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (L+PSSF) was developed. The individual saccharification performances of waste paper and kitchen waste were not influenced by their mixture. Liquefaction of kitchen waste at 90°C prior to presaccharification and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (PSSF) was essential for efficient ethanol fermentation. Ethanol at concentrations of 46.6 or 43.6g/l was obtained at the laboratory scale after fermentation for 96h, even without pH adjustment and/or the addition of extra nutrients. Similarly, ethanol at a concentration of 45.5g/l was obtained at the pilot scale after fermentation for 48h. The ethanol concentration of L+PSSF of the mixture of waste paper and kitchen waste was comparable to that of PSSF of waste paper with added nutrients (yeast extract and peptone) and pH adjustment using H2SO4, indicating that kitchen waste is not only a carbon source but also an excellent nutrient source and acidity regulator for fermentation of the mixture of waste paper and kitchen waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroto Nishimura
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan; Hitachi Zosen Corporation, 1-7-89 Nankokita, Suminoe-ku, Osaka 559-8559, Japan
| | - Li Tan
- Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 9 Section 4, Renmin Nan Road, Chengdu 610041, China; College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, No. 24 South Section 1, First Ring Road, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Noriko Kira
- Hitachi Zosen Corporation, 1-7-89 Nankokita, Suminoe-ku, Osaka 559-8559, Japan
| | - Shigeo Tomiyama
- Hitachi Zosen Corporation, 1-7-89 Nankokita, Suminoe-ku, Osaka 559-8559, Japan
| | - Kazuo Yamada
- Global Environment Policy Office, Kyoto City, 488, Teramachi-Oike, Nakagyo-ku, Kyoto 604-8571, Japan
| | - Zhao-Yong Sun
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, No. 24 South Section 1, First Ring Road, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yue-Qin Tang
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, No. 24 South Section 1, First Ring Road, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Shigeru Morimura
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
| | - Kenji Kida
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan; College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, No. 24 South Section 1, First Ring Road, Chengdu 610065, China.
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22
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Varghese LM, Agrawal S, Sharma D, Mandhan RP, Mahajan R. Cost-effective screening and isolation of xylano-cellulolytic positive microbes from termite gut and termitarium. 3 Biotech 2017; 7:108. [PMID: 28567621 PMCID: PMC5451357 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-017-0733-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, screening and isolation of xylano-cellulolytic enzymes producing positive microbes from termitarium and termite gut microbiome were done using cost-effective agricultural wastes. The enrichment of xylano-cellulolytic microbes was done in three steps using wheat bran and waste paper. The qualitative screening of xylanase and cellulase producing micro-organisms was done on nutrient agar plates containing wheat bran and waste paper, respectively. Xylanase and cellulase positive colonies were analysed by observing the zone of substrate (wheat bran and waste paper) hydrolysis around the colonies. A total of 30 bacterial isolates were obtained from termite gut and termitarium, respectively. Xylan and cellulose degrading potential of the positive isolates was also quantitatively estimated using agro-wastes-based medium. All the bacterial isolates displayed cellulase and xylanase activities in the range of 0.45-6.80 and 51-380 IU/ml, respectively. This is the first report mentioning the isolation of xylano-cellulolytic microbes from termite gut and termitarium using very simple cost-effective methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sharad Agrawal
- Department of Biotechnology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, 136119, India
| | - Divya Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, 136119, India
| | - Rishi Pal Mandhan
- Department of Biotechnology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, 136119, India.
| | - Ritu Mahajan
- Department of Biotechnology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, 136119, India
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23
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Ravindran B, Mnkeni PNS. Bio-optimization of the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio for efficient vermicomposting of chicken manure and waste paper using Eisenia fetida. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2016; 23:16965-16976. [PMID: 27197657 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6873-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The main objective of the present study was to determine the optimum C/N ratio for converting waste paper and chicken manure to nutrient-rich manure with minimum toxicity. Six treatments of C/N ratio 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, and 70 (T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, and T6, respectively) achieved by mixing chicken manure with shredded paper were used. The study involved a composting stage for 20 days followed by vermicomposting with Eisenia fetida for 7 weeks. The results revealed that 20 days of composting considerably degraded the organic waste mixtures from all treatments and a further 7 weeks of vermiculture significantly improved the bioconversion and nutrient value of all treatments. The C/N ratio of 40 (T3) resulted in the best quality vermicompost compared to the other treatments. Earthworm biomass was highest at T3 and T4 possibly due to a greater reduction of toxic substances in these waste mixtures. The total N, total P, and total K concentrations increased with time while total carbon, C/N ratio, electrical conductivity (EC), and heavy metal content gradually decreased with time during the vermicomposting process. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed the intrastructural degradation of the chicken manure and shredded paper matrix which confirmed the extent of biodegradation of treatment mixtures as result of the composting and vermicomposting processes. Phytotoxicity evaluation of final vermicomposts using tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum), radish (Raphanus sativus), carrot (Daucus carota), and onion (Allium cepa) as test crops showed the non-phytotoxicity of the vermicomposts to be in the order T3 > T4 > T2 > T1 > T5 > T6. Generally, the results indicated that the combination of composting and vermicomposting processes is a good strategy for the management of chicken manure/paper waste mixtures and that the ideal C/N ratio of the waste mixture is 40 (T3).
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Affiliation(s)
- B Ravindran
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Fort Hare, PBX1314, Alice, 5700, South Africa
| | - P N S Mnkeni
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Fort Hare, PBX1314, Alice, 5700, South Africa.
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Brummer V, Jurena T, Hlavacek V, Omelkova J, Bebar L, Gabriel P, Stehlik P. Enzymatic hydrolysis of pretreated waste paper--source of raw material for production of liquid biofuels. Bioresour Technol 2014; 152:543-7. [PMID: 24314601 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Revised: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Enzymatic hydrolysis of waste paper is becoming a perspective way to obtain raw material for production of liquid biofuels. Reducing sugars solutions that arise from the process of saccharification are a precursors for following or simultaneous fermentation to ethanol. Different types of waste paper were evaluated, in terms of composition and usability, in order to select the appropriate type of the waste paper for the enzymatic hydrolysis process. Novozymes® enzymes NS50013 and NS50010 were used in a laboratory scale trials. Technological conditions, which seem to be the most suitable for hydrolysis after testing on cellulose pulp and filter paper, were applied to hydrolysis of widely available waste papers - offset paper, cardboard, recycled paper in two qualities, matte MYsol offset paper and for comparison again on model materials. The highest yields were achieved for the cardboard, which was further tested using various pretreatment combinations in purpose of increasing the hydrolysis yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Brummer
- Institute of Process and Environmental Engineering, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 2896/2, 616 69 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Tomas Jurena
- Institute of Process and Environmental Engineering, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 2896/2, 616 69 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Viliam Hlavacek
- Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 118, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jirina Omelkova
- Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 118, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ladislav Bebar
- Institute of Process and Environmental Engineering, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 2896/2, 616 69 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Gabriel
- VUCHZ, a.s., Krizikova 70, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Stehlik
- Institute of Process and Environmental Engineering, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 2896/2, 616 69 Brno, Czech Republic
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