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Feng Y, Xie T, Li F. New challenge: Mitigation and control of antibiotic resistant genes in aquatic environments by biochar. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 946:174385. [PMID: 38960194 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Revised: 06/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
With an increase of diverse contaminants in the environment, particularly antibiotics, the maintenance and propagation of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) are promoted by co-selection mechanisms. ARGs are difficult to degrade, cause long-lasting pollution, and are widely transmitted in aquatic environments. Biochar is frequently used to remove various pollutants during environmental remediation. Thus, this review provides a thorough analysis of the current state of ARGs in the aquatic environment as well as their removal by using biochar. This article summarizes the research and application of biochar and modified biochar to remove ARGs in aquatic environments, in order to refine the following contents: 1) fill gaps in the research on the various ARG behaviors mediated by biochar and some influence factors, 2) further investigate the mechanisms involved in effects of biochar on extracellular ARGs (eARGs) and intracellular ARGs (iARGs) in aquatic environments, including direct and the indirect effects, 3) describe the propagation process and resistance mechanisms of ARGs, 4) propose the challenges and prospects of feasibility of application and subsequent treatment in actual aquatic environment. Here we highlight the most recent research on the use of biochar to remove ARGs from aquatic environments and suggest future directions for optimization, as well as current perspectives to guide future studies on the removal of ARGs from aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimeng Feng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, China; Key Laboratory of Pollution Process and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, China Tianjin Engineering Center of Environmental Diagnosis and Contamination Remediation, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Tong Xie
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, China; Key Laboratory of Pollution Process and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, China Tianjin Engineering Center of Environmental Diagnosis and Contamination Remediation, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Fengxiang Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, China; Key Laboratory of Pollution Process and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, China Tianjin Engineering Center of Environmental Diagnosis and Contamination Remediation, Tianjin 300350, China.
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2
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Long XX, Yu ZN, Liu SW, Gao T, Qiu RL. A systematic review of biochar aging and the potential eco-environmental risk in heavy metal contaminated soil. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 472:134345. [PMID: 38696956 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Biochar is widely accepted as a green and effective amendment for remediating heavy metals (HMs) contaminated soil, but its long-term efficiency and safety changes with biochar aging in fields. Currently, some reviews have qualitatively summarized biochar aging methods and mechanisms, aging-induced changes in biochar properties, and often ignored the potential eco-environmental risk during biochar aging process. Therefore, this review systematically summarizes the study methods of biochar aging, quantitatively compares the effects of different biochar aging process on its properties, and discusses the potential eco-environmental risk due to biochar aging in HMs contaminated soil. At present, various artificial aging methods (physical aging, chemical aging and biological aging) rather than natural field aging have been applied to study the changes of biochar's properties. Generally, biochar aging increases specific surface area (SSA), pore volume (PV), surface oxygen-containing functional group (OFGs) and O content, while decreases pH, ash, H, C and N content. Chemical aging method has a greater effect on the properties of biochar than other aging methods. In addition, biochar aging may lead to HMs remobilization and produce new types of pollutants, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs) and colloidal/nano biochar particles, which consequently bring secondary eco-environmental risk. Finally, future research directions are suggested to establish a more accurate assessment method and model on biochar aging behavior and evaluate the environmental safety of aged biochar, in order to promote its wider application for remediating HMs contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Xian Long
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural & Rural Pollution Abatement and Environmental Safety, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China; Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Ze-Ning Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural & Rural Pollution Abatement and Environmental Safety, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Shao-Wen Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural & Rural Pollution Abatement and Environmental Safety, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Ting Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural & Rural Pollution Abatement and Environmental Safety, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Rong-Liang Qiu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural & Rural Pollution Abatement and Environmental Safety, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China; Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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3
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Li A, Lu T, Zhang Y, Deng S, Duan X, Qiu G. Mechanisms for synergistically enhancing cadmium remediation performance of biochar: Silicon activation and functional group effects. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 404:130913. [PMID: 38821426 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
This work proposes an advanced biochar material (β-CD@SiBC) for controllable transformation of specific silicon (Si) forms through endogenous Si activation and functional group introduction for efficient cadmium (Cd) immobilization and removal. The maximum adsorption capacity of β-CD@SiBC for Cd(II) reached 137.6 mg g-1 with a remarkable removal efficiency of 99 % for 200 mg L-1Cd(II). Moreover, the developed β-CD@SiBC flow column exhibited excellent performance at the environmental Cd concentration, with the final concentration meeting the environmental standard for surface water quality (0.05 mg L-1). The remediation mechanism of β-CD@SiBC could be mainly attributed to mineral precipitation and ion exchange, which accounted for 42 % and 29 % of the remediation effect, respectively, while functional group introduction enhanced its binding stability with Cd. Overall, this work proposes the role and principle of transformation of Si forms within biochar, providing new strategies for better utilizing endogenous components in biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anyu Li
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Green Remediation, Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Resources and Environment, Interdisciplinary Sciences Institute, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Tao Lu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Green Remediation, Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Resources and Environment, Interdisciplinary Sciences Institute, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Yutong Zhang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Green Remediation, Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Resources and Environment, Interdisciplinary Sciences Institute, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Shengjun Deng
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Green Remediation, Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Resources and Environment, Interdisciplinary Sciences Institute, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Xianjie Duan
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Green Remediation, Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Resources and Environment, Interdisciplinary Sciences Institute, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Guohong Qiu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Green Remediation, Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Resources and Environment, Interdisciplinary Sciences Institute, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei Province, China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei Province, China; Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China.
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Liu X, Chen Z, Lu S, Shi X, Qu F, Cheng D, Wei W, Shon HK, Ni BJ. Persistent free radicals on biochar for its catalytic capability: A review. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 250:120999. [PMID: 38118258 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Biochar is an economical carbon material for water pollution control, which shows great promise to be applied in the up-scale wastewater remediation processes. Previous studies demonstrate that persistent free radicals (PFRs) on biochar are critical to its reactivity for wastewater remediation. A series of studies have revealed the important roles of PFRs when biochar was applied for organic pollutants degradation as well as the removal of Cr (VI) and As (III) from wastewater. Therefore, this review comprehensively concludes the significance of PFRs for the catalytic capabilities of biochar in advanced oxidation processes (AOPs)-driven organic pollutant removal, and applied in redox processes for Cr (VI) and As (III) remediation. In addition, the mechanisms for PFRs formation during biochar synthesis are discussed. The detection methods are reviewed for the quantification of PFRs on biochar. Future research directions were also proposed on underpinning the knowledge base to forward the applications of biochar in practical real wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Liu
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Zhijie Chen
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Shun Lu
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China.
| | - Xingdong Shi
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Fulin Qu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dongle Cheng
- College of Safety and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266590, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Ho Kyong Shon
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Bing-Jie Ni
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; UNSW Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
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Ma W, Han R, Zhang W, Zhang H, Chen L, Zhu L. Magnetic biochar enhanced copper immobilization in agricultural lands: Insights from adsorption precipitation and redox. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 352:120058. [PMID: 38219671 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Biochar has exceeded expectations for heavy metal immobilization and has been prepared from widely available sources and inexpensive materials. In this research, coconut shell biochar (CSB), bamboo biochar (BC), magnetic coconut shell charcoal (MCSB), and magnetic bamboo biochar (MBC) were manufactured via co-pyrolysis, and their adsorption properties were tested. The pseudo-secondary (R2 = 0.980-0.985) adsorption kinetic fittings for the four biochas were superior to the pseudo-primary kinetics (R2 = 0.969-0.982). Unmodified biochar adsorption isotherms were more consistent with the Freundlich model, while magnetic biochar fitted Langmuir models better. The maximum adsorption capacity of MCSB for Cu(Ⅱ) reached 371.50 mg g-1. The adsorption mechanisms quantitatively analysis of the biochar indicated that chemical precipitation and ion exchange contributed to the adsorption, in which the magnetic biochar metal-π complexation also enhanced the adsorption. The pot experiment revealed that MCSB (2.0 %DW) significantly enhanced the biomass of lettuce, and facilitated the immobilization of DTPA-Cu (p < 0.05). SEM-EDS, XPS, and FTIR were utilized for morphological characterization and functional group identification, and the increased active adsorption sites (-OH, -COOH, CO, and Fe-O) of MCSB enhanced chemisorption and π-π EDA complexation with Cu(Ⅱ). EEM-PARAFAC and RDA analysis further elucidated that magnetic biochar immobilized copper and reduced biotoxicity (efficiency: 76.12%) by adjusting soil pH, phosphate, and SOM release (negative correlation). The presence of iron oxides (FeOx) promoted in situ adsorption of metallic copper and offered new insights into soil remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wucheng Ma
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development of Shallow Lakes, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China.
| | - Rui Han
- CSD Water Service Co., Ltd. Jiangsu Branch, Nanjing, 210000, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development of Shallow Lakes, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development of Shallow Lakes, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development of Shallow Lakes, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Liang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development of Shallow Lakes, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China.
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Jiao Y, Huang J, Hu J, Weatherley AJ, Liu W, Li C, Ma Z, Han B. Abating ammonia emission from poultry manure by Pt/TiO 2 modified corn straw. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 350:119621. [PMID: 38007929 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Poultry manure is a significant source of ammonia (NH3) emissions, which not only poses detrimental impacts on human well-being and the ecological system, but also leads to economic losses in the agricultural industry. Herein, we modified corn straw (CS) with 1 wt% Pt/TiO2 catalysts using a low-temperature partial-oxidation technology to mitigate NH3 emissions from poultry manure. It was found that Pt/TiO2 can enable exothermic processes to occur at lower temperatures by reducing the activation energy. Under optimal modification conditions of 220 °C, the NH3 uptakes of modified CS samples were markedly greater compared to those of the original CS. Addition of 20-50% modified CS to poultry manure resulted in significant reductions of 54.1-98.6% in NH3 emissions compared to the control. Mechanistic studies indicate that NH3 adsorption on the modified CS is mainly driven by the presence of acidic and alkaline functional groups, while surface area and pore structure have a negligible effect. XPS combined with NH3-TPD reveals that the formation of amide and amine bonds contributes to the excellent stability of adsorbed NH3. H2-TPR, O2-TPD, and d-band theory suggest that strong metal-support interactions between Pt and TiO2 could be particularly crucial in catalyzing CS modification. This study proposes an environmentally sustainable and economically viable solution for abating NH3 emissions from poultry manure, thereby addressing crucial environmental and economic concerns in the agricultural sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhong Jiao
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, PR China
| | - Jie Huang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, PR China
| | - Jing Hu
- School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Anthony J Weatherley
- School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Wei Liu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, PR China
| | - Chaoyu Li
- Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, Architecture and Information Technology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.
| | - Zhiling Ma
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, PR China
| | - Bing Han
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, PR China; School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; School of Engineering, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3216, Australia.
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7
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Yang H, Chen N, Wang Z, Liu J, Qin J, Zhu K, Jia H. Biochar-Associated Free Radicals Reduce Soil Bacterial Diversity: New Insight into Ecoenzymatic Stoichiometry. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:20238-20248. [PMID: 37976412 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c06864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
The toxicity of environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs), often generated during biochar production, on soil bacteria is still not truly reflected when considering the conditions in real soil. Herein, the influence of free radicals within biochar on soil bacteria was investigated from the perspectives of enzyme activity, community structure, and ecoenzymatic stoichiometry. Biochar addition enhanced the contents of EPFRs and derived hydroxyl radicals (•OH) in the soil, while it reduced bacterial alpha diversity by 5.06-35.44%. The results of redundancy analysis and inhibition experiments collectively demonstrated the key role of EPFRs and •OH in reducing the bacterial alpha diversity. Specifically, EPFRs and •OH increased the stoichiometric imbalance by promoting the release of dissolved organic carbon and ammonium N, thus aggravating the P limitation in soil. This was further confirmed by increased alkaline phosphatase activity from 702 to 874 nmol g-1 h-1. The P limitation induced by EPFRs and •OH decreased the bacterial alpha diversity, as evidenced by the negative correlation between P limitation and bacterial alpha diversity (r2 = -0.931 to -0.979, P < 0.01) and the structural equation model. The obtained results demonstrate a ubiquitous but previously overlooked mechanism for bacterial toxicity of biochar-associated free radicals, providing scientific guidance for safe utilization of biochar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiqiang Yang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Green Agriculture in Northwestern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Na Chen
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Green Agriculture in Northwestern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Green Agriculture in Northwestern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Jinbo Liu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Green Agriculture in Northwestern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Jianjun Qin
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Green Agriculture in Northwestern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Kecheng Zhu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Green Agriculture in Northwestern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Hanzhong Jia
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Green Agriculture in Northwestern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling 712100, China
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He M, Cao Y, Fan Y, Mašek O, Clark JH, Tsang DCW. Revealing roles of CO 2 and N 2 in pressurized hydrothermal carbonization process for enhancing energy recovery and carbon sequestration. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 385:129429. [PMID: 37392964 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
In this study, CO2- and N2-pressurized hydrothermal carbonization processes were investigated to understand the catalytic effects of CO2 on hydrochar production and its quality (e.g., surface properties, energy recovery, and combustion behaviour). Both CO2- and N2-pressurized HTC processes could enhance the energy recovery (from 61.5% to 63.0-67.8%) in hydrochar by enhancing the dehydration reactions. Nonetheless, the two systems exhibited contrasting trends in volatile release, oxygen removal, and combustion performance as a function of increasing pressure. High N2 pressure enhanced deoxygenation reaction, facilitating the release of volatiles and increasing the hydrochar aromaticity and combustion activation energy (172.7 kJ/mol for HC/5N). Without the contribution of CO2, excessively high pressure may cause an adverse impact on the fuel performance owing to higher oxidation resistance. This study presents an important and feasible strategy to utilise CO2-rich flue gas in the HTC process to produce high-quality hydrochar for renewable energy and carbon recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjing He
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yang Cao
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yinzheng Fan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ondřej Mašek
- UK Biochar Research Centre, School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Alexander Crum Brown Road, Crew Building, EH9 3FF, Edinburgh, UK
| | - James H Clark
- Circa Renewable Chemistry Institute, Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence, University of York, York YO105DD, UK
| | - Daniel C W Tsang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
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Zhang K, Wang L, Qin M, Mulder J, Hou D. Mercury reduction by black carbon under dark conditions. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 242:120241. [PMID: 37392509 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
An accurate depiction of mercury (Hg) reduction is important to predict Hg biogeochemistry in both aquatic and soil systems. Although the photoreduction of Hg is well documented, reduction in the dark is poorly known and is thus the focus of this work. Black carbon (BC), an important constituent of organic matter in environments, can reduce Hg2+ in dark and oxygen-deficient conditions. Fast removal of Hg2+ in BC/Hg2+ solution was observed, with 4.99-86.88 L mg-1h-1 of the reaction rate constant, which could be ascribed to the combined actions of adsorption and reduction. Meanwhile, slow Hg reduction was obtained, compared to Hg removal, with 0.06-2.16 L mg-1h-1 of the reaction rate constant. Thus, in the initial stage, Hg2+ removal was mainly triggered by adsorption, rather than reduction. Afterward, the adsorbed Hg2+ on black carbon was converted into Hg0. Dissolved black carbon and aromatic CH on particulate black carbon were dominant triggers of Hg reduction for black carbon. During Hg reduction, the intastable intermediate, formed in the complex between aromatic CH and Hg2+, behaved as persistent free radicals, which could be detected by in situ electron paramagnetic resonance. Subsequently, the intastable intermediate was mainly converted into CO on black carbon and Hg0. Corresponding results of the present study highlight the important role of black carbon in the Hg biogeochemical cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaikai Zhang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Liuwei Wang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Muhan Qin
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jan Mulder
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, 1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Deyi Hou
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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Liu L, Wang J, Yang H, Gao D, Cui Y, Chen H, Qin Y, Ye R, Ding X. The critical impacts of pyrochar during 2,4,6-trichlorophenol photochemical remediation process: Cooperation between persistent free radicals and oxygenated functional groups. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 330:121813. [PMID: 37178952 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The widespread use of polychlorophenols poses enormous environmental challenges. Biochar has the potential to accelerate the transformation of polychlorophenols. But the biochar-triggered photochemical decomposition mechanism of polychlorophenols still remains unclear. Herein, the photochemical behavior of pyrochar was comprehensively investigated in 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (TCP) remediation. Researches revealed that persistent free radicals (PFRs) and oxygenated functional groups (OFGs) on the surface of pyrochar cooperatively promoted ROS generation for TCP degradation. PFRs performed a key role of electron-donating and energy transfer in ROS conversion, especially in the activation of H2O2 into •OH. The hydroxyl groups of photosensitive components of pyrochar were photo-excited and provided electrons for enhanced ROS formation as well. With photogenerated ROS involved, more TCP was decomposed through dechlorination under light irradiation than that in the dark, in which 1O2, •OH, and •O2- were the dominant active species. During this process, stronger light intensities (3 W/m2) and shorter light wavelengths (400 nm) can provide more energy for the activation of PFRs and OFGs, promoting the decomposition of TCP. This work casts a new light on the environmental roles of pyrochar in the photochemical removal of polychlorophenol pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Liu
- College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Jian Wang
- College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Huijuan Yang
- College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Di Gao
- College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Yaya Cui
- College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Hao Chen
- College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Yaxin Qin
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430205, PR China
| | - Ranfeng Ye
- College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China.
| | - Xing Ding
- College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
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Chu G, Wang W, Zhao J, Zhou D. Transformation of phosphorus species during phosphoric acid-assisted pyrolysis of lignocellulose. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 866:161010. [PMID: 36549532 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Phosphoric acid-assisted pyrolysis (PAAP) is a pyrolysis technique with potential for the engineered and environmental application. Nevertheless, the volatilisation, immobilisation, and dissolution of phosphorus (P) species have been neglected during PAAP of lignocellulose. Therefore, we compared the transformation of P species with direct-pyrolysis and PAAP system, using multiple techniques including gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (GCMS) and 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). It was also investigated that the properties of pyrogenic and modified carbons obtained from lignocellulose pyrolysis at 200-650 °C. As the temperature increased, volatile P species evolved into gas-phase during PAAP, inhibiting the formation of the macromolecular volatile components. Compared with pyrogenic carbons, modified carbons with more aromatic structures experienced a higher degree of dehydration and cyclisation via catalytic crosslinking reaction. PAAP system facilitated more generation of persistent free radical (PFR) below 500 °C and the attenuation of PFR signals was observed at 500-650 °C, which may be associated with the sequestration and elimination of P species between carbon matrix. Notably, three configurations of C3PO, CPO, and COP were the major combinations of P and C elements on modified carbons. Increased gaseous P and decreased soluble P were observed with elevated temperatures in PAAP system. The species proportion of immobilised P clearly demonstrated the transformation of partial P species from inorganic to organic through pyrolysis. The immobilised P could serve as a potential sustained-release source participating in P biogeochemical cycles. These findings are fundamental for the technical design of lignocellulose pyrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Chu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention, Faculty of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Wangmin Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention, Faculty of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Carbon Sequestration and Pollution Control, Faculty of Environmental Science & Engineering, Kunming University of Science & Technology, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China.
| | - Dandan Zhou
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Carbon Sequestration and Pollution Control, Faculty of Environmental Science & Engineering, Kunming University of Science & Technology, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China
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Liu J, Zhan L, Xu Z. Debromination with Bromine Recovery from Pyrolysis of Waste Printed Circuit Boards Offers Economic and Environmental Benefits. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:3496-3504. [PMID: 36794988 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c06448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Bromine is an important resource that is widely used in medical, automotive, and electronic industries. Waste electronic products containing brominated flame retardants can cause serious secondary pollution, which is why catalytic cracking, adsorption, fixation, separation, and purification have gained significant attention. However, the bromine resources have not been effectively reutilized. The application of advanced pyrolysis technology could help solve this problem via converting bromine pollution into bromine resources. Coupled debromination and bromide reutilization during pyrolysis is an important field of research in the future. This prospective paper presents new insights in terms of the reorganization of different elements and adjustment of bromine phase transition. Furthermore, we proposed some research directions for efficient and environmentally friendly debromination and reutilization of bromine: 1) precise synergistic pyrolysis should be further explored for efficient debromination, such as using persistent free radicals in biomass, polymer hydrogen supply, and metal catalysis, 2) rematching of Br elements and nonmetal elements (C/H/O) will be a promising direction for synthesizing functionalized adsorption materials, 3) oriented control of the bromide migration path should be further studied to obtain different forms of bromine resources, and 4) advanced pyrolysis equipment should be well developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangshan Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Lu Zhan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zhenming Xu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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