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Xu C, Goranov AI, Kaplan DI, Lin P, Yeager CM, Patterson N, Jiang H, Hatcher PG, Santschi PH. Molecular features of uranium-binding natural organic matter in a riparian wetland determined by ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 948:174867. [PMID: 39032753 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Tims Branch riparian wetland located in South Carolina, USA has immobilized 94 % of the U released >50 years ago from a nuclear fuel fabrication facility. Sediment organic matter (OM) has been shown to play an important role in immobilizing U. Yet, uranium-OM-mineral interactions at the molecular scale have never been investigated at ambient concentrations. The objectives of this study were to extract, purify, and concentrate U-bound sediment OM along the stream water pathway and perform molecular characterization using Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FTICRMS). Out of 9614 identified formulas, 715 contained U. These U-containing formulas were enriched with Fe, N, and/or S compared to the total OM. Lignin-like and protein-like molecules accounted for 40 % and 19 % of the U-containing formulas, respectively. Phosphorus-containing formulas were found to exert an insignificant influence on complexing U. U-containing formulas in the 'mobile' (groundwater extractable) OM fraction had lower (reduced) nominal oxidation states of carbon (NOSC); and less aromatic moieties than OM recovered from the 'immobile' (sodium pyrophosphate extractable) OM fraction. U-containing formulas in the redox interfacial zones (stream banks) compared to those in nearby up-slope zones tended to have smaller molecular weights; lower NOSC; higher contents of COO and/or CONO functional groups; and higher abundance of Fe-containing formulas. Fe was present in 38 % of the U-containing formulas but only 20 % of the total OM formulas. It is postulated that Fe played an important role in stabilizing the structure of sedimentary OM, especially U-containing compounds. The identification for the first time of hundreds of Fe-U-OM formulas demonstrates the complexity of such system is much greater than commonly believed and numerically predicting U binding behavior in OM-rich systems may require greater use of statistical or artificial intelligence approaches rather than deterministic approaches limited to measuring metal complexation with well-defined individual analogue organic ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Xu
- Department of Marine and Coastal Environmental Science, Texas A & M University, Galveston Campus, Galveston, TX 77553, USA.
| | - Aleksandar I Goranov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA
| | - Daniel I Kaplan
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, University of Georgia, Aiken, SC 29802, USA
| | - Peng Lin
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, University of Georgia, Aiken, SC 29802, USA
| | - Chris M Yeager
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - Nicole Patterson
- Department of Marine and Coastal Environmental Science, Texas A & M University, Galveston Campus, Galveston, TX 77553, USA
| | - Helen Jiang
- Department of Marine and Coastal Environmental Science, Texas A & M University, Galveston Campus, Galveston, TX 77553, USA
| | - Patrick G Hatcher
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA
| | - Peter H Santschi
- Department of Marine and Coastal Environmental Science, Texas A & M University, Galveston Campus, Galveston, TX 77553, USA
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2
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Benz PP, Zito P, Osborn E, Goranov AI, Hatcher PG, Seivert MD, Jeffrey WH. Effects of burning and photochemical degradation of Macondo surrogate oil on its composition and toxicity. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2024; 26:1205-1215. [PMID: 38842096 DOI: 10.1039/d4em00023d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Petroleum products in the environment can produce significant toxicity through photochemically driven processes. Burning surface oil and photochemical degradation were two mechanisms for oil removal after the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico. After burning, residual oil remains in the environment and may undergo further weathering, a poorly understood fate. Although photochemistry was a major degradation pathway of the DWH oil, its effect on burned oil residue in the environment is under studied. Here, we ignited Macondo surrogate crude oil and allowed it to burn to exhaustion. Water-accommodated fractions (WAFs) of the burn residue were created in full sunlight to determine the effects of photochemical weathering on the burned oil residue. Our findings show that increased dissolved organic carbon concentrations (DOC) for the light unburned and light burned after sunlight exposure positively correlated to decreased microbial growth and production inhibition (i.e. more toxic) when compared to the dark controls. Optical and molecular analytical techniques were used to identify the classes of compounds contributing to the toxicity in the dark and light burned and dark and light unburned WAFs. After light exposure, the optical composition between the light unburned and light burned differed significantly (p < 0.05), revealing key fluorescence signatures commonly identified as crude oil degradation products. Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) analysis showed more condensed aromatic, reduced oxygenated compounds present in the light burned than in the light unburned. FT-ICR MS also showed an increase in the percent relative abundance of carboxyl-rich alicyclic molecules (CRAM) like compounds in the light burned compared to light unburned. The increase in CRAM suggests that the composition of the light burned is more photorefractory, i.e., reduced, explaining the residual toxicity observed in microbial activity. Overall, these data indicate burning removes some but not all toxic compounds, leaving behind compounds which retain considerable toxicity. This study shows that burn oil residues are photolabile breaking down further into complex reduced compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela P Benz
- Department of Chemistry, University of West Florida, 11000 University Parkway, Pensacola, FL 32514, USA.
| | - Phoebe Zito
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Analysis & Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, LA 70148, USA
| | - Ed Osborn
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Analysis & Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, LA 70148, USA
| | - Aleksandar I Goranov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA
| | - Patrick G Hatcher
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA
| | - Matthew D Seivert
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, 140 Cedar Street, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Wade H Jeffrey
- Center for Environmental Diagnostics and Bioremediation, University of West Florida, 11000 University Parkway, Pensacola, FL 32514, USA
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3
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Tang L, Yan J, Zhou X, Wang J, Gao Y, Mosa A, Czech B, Oleszczuk P, Ling W. Dissolved organic matter influences the indigenous bacterial community and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons biodegradation in soils. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 924:171662. [PMID: 38485009 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
In polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) contaminated soils, bioremediation is superior to other strategies owing to its low cost and environmental friendliness. However, dissolved organic matter (DOM) and indigenous bacterial communities can affect the efficiency of PAH-degrading bacteria (PDB). This study found that exogenous PDB (C1) including the genera Acinetobacter, Stenotrophomonas, and Comamonas, decreased the bacterial diversity of Alfisol, Ultisol, Inceptisol, and Mollisol, and DOM enhanced the diffusion of PDB and the bioavailability of PAH. In addition, bacteria preferred to ingest low molecular weight DOM fractions, and the abundances of lipid-like and protein-like substances decreased by 0.12-3.03 % and 1.73-4.60 %. The DOM fractions had a more marked influence on the indigenous bacteria than the exogenous PDB, and PDB dominated the PAH biodegradation process in the soils. More COO functional groups promoted the utilization of higher molecular weight-related homologue fractions by bacteria, and lower molecular weight fractions carrying more CH2 functional groups declined during biodegradation. This study investigated the variations in bacterial communities during biodegradation and revealed the effects of DOM fractions on biodegradation in PAH-contaminated soils at the molecular level. These results will promote the development of bioremediation strategies for organics-contaminated soil and provide guidance for prediction models of soil biodegradation kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Tang
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jiayi Yan
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xian Zhou
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yanzheng Gao
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ahmed Mosa
- Soils Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, 35516 Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Bozena Czech
- Department of Radiochemistry and Environmental Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
| | - Patryk Oleszczuk
- Department of Radiochemistry and Environmental Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
| | - Wanting Ling
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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Carneiro Barreto MS, Wani RP, Goranov AI, Sowers TD, Fischel M, Douglas TA, Hatcher PG, Sparks DL. Carbon Fate, Iron Dissolution, and Molecular Characterization of Dissolved Organic Matter in Thawed Yedoma Permafrost under Varying Redox Conditions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:4155-4166. [PMID: 38385246 PMCID: PMC11152146 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c08219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Permafrost soils store ∼50% of terrestrial C, with Yedoma permafrost containing ∼25% of the total C. Permafrost is undergoing degradation due to thawing, with potentially hazardous effects on landscape stability and water resources. Complicating ongoing efforts to project the ultimate fate of deep permafrost C is the poorly constrained role of the redox environment, Fe-minerals, and its redox-active phases, which may modulate organic C-abundance, composition, and reactivity through complexation and catalytic processes. We characterized C fate, Fe fractions, and dissolved organic matter (DOM) isolates from permafrost-thaw under varying redox conditions. Under anoxic incubation conditions, 33% of the initial C was lost as gaseous species within 21 days, while under oxic conditions, 58% of C was lost. Under anoxic incubation, 42% of the total initial C was preserved in a dissolved fraction. Lignin-like compounds dominated permafrost-thaw, followed by lipid- and protein-like compounds. However, under anoxic incubation conditions, there was accumulation of lipid-like compounds and reduction in the nominal oxidation state of C over time, regardless of the compound classes. DOM dynamics may be affected by microbial activity and abiotic processes mediated by Fe-minerals related to selective DOM fractionation and/or its oxidation. Chemodiversity DOM signatures could serve as valuable proxies to track redox conditions with permafrost-thaw.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rucha P Wani
- Department of Plant & Soil Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
- Department of Earth Sciences, Spatial Sciences Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Aleksandar I Goranov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Old Dominion University, 4501 Elkhorn Avenue, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, United States
| | - Tyler D Sowers
- Department of Plant & Soil Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
- Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, Office of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, Durham, North Carolina 27711, United States
| | - Matthew Fischel
- Department of Plant & Soil Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
- USDA-ARS: Sustainable Agriculture Systems Lab, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, United States
| | - Thomas Alexander Douglas
- U.S. Army Cold Regions Research & Engineering Laboratory, Fort Wainwright, Fairbanks, Alaska 99703, United States
| | - Patrick G Hatcher
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Old Dominion University, 4501 Elkhorn Avenue, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, United States
| | - Donald L Sparks
- Department of Plant & Soil Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
- Hagler Institute Fellow, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77840, United States
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5
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Mallick SP, Patel HV, Gawande S, Wadee A, Chen H, McKenna AM, Brazil B, Yu W, Zhao R. Using landfill leachate to indicate the chemical and biochemical activities in elevated temperature landfills. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 351:119719. [PMID: 38043306 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Landfill leachate properties contain important information and can be a unique indicator for the chemical and biochemical activities in landfills. In the recent decade, more landfills are experiencing elevated temperature, causing an imbalance in the decomposition of solid waste and affecting the properties of the landfill leachate. This study analyzes the properties of leachate from two landfills that were experiencing elevated temperature (ETLFs), samples were collected from both elevated temperature impacted and non-impacted areas in each landfill. The accumulation of volatile fatty acids (VFA) in leachates from elevated temperature impacted areas of both landfill sites revealed that methanogenesis was inhibited by the elevated temperature, which was further confirmed by the more acidic pH, higher H/C elemental ratio, and lower degree of aromaticity of the elevated temperature impacted leachates. Also, carbohydrates depletion indicated possible enhancement of hydrolysis and acidogenesis by elevated temperature, which was supported by compositional comparison of isolated acidic species by negative-ion electrospray ionization (ESI) Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICRMS) at 21 T derived from both elevated temperature impacted and non-impacted areas in the same landfill site. Furthermore, leachate organics fractionation showed that leachates not impacted by elevated temperature contain less hydrophilic fraction and more humic fraction than elevated temperature-impacted leachates for both ETLFs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Harsh V Patel
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC, 27411, USA
| | - Sailee Gawande
- Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ), Fort Worth, TX, 76118, USA
| | | | - Huan Chen
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, 1800 East Paul Dirac Drive, Tallahassee, FL, 32310-4205, USA
| | - Amy M McKenna
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, 1800 East Paul Dirac Drive, Tallahassee, FL, 32310-4205, USA; Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Brian Brazil
- Waste Management Inc. Gaithersburg, MD, 20878, USA
| | - Wenzheng Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Renzun Zhao
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC, 27411, USA.
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6
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Lin C, Tang Y, Sun J, Dong B, Zuxin X. Tracking of the conversion and transformation pathways of dissolved organic matter in sludge hydrothermal liquids during Cr(VI) reduction using FT-ICR MS. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 466:133566. [PMID: 38246056 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
In this study, the remediation effects of two types of sludge (ferric-based flocculant and non-ferric-based flocculant) on Cr(VI)-polluted wastewater were evaluated to clarify the key components in sludge hydrothermal solutions responsible for reducing Cr(VI) and understand the underlying molecular-level transformation mechanisms. The results revealed that the primary reactions during the hydrothermal processes were deamination and decarboxylation reactions. Correlation analysis highlighted proteins, reducing sugars, amino groups, and phenolic hydroxyl groups as the major contributors. In-depth analysis of the transformation process of functional groups within dissolved organic matter (DOM) and synergistic redox process between Cr(VI) and DOM in hydrothermal solutions demonstrated that phenolic hydroxyl and amino groups gradually underwent oxidation during reduction of Cr(VI) by DOM, forming aldehyde and carboxyl groups, among the others. Time-dependent density functional theory calculations revealed notable shift of reducing functional groups from ground state to excited state following iron complexation, ultimately facilitating reduction reaction. Subsequent investigations, including soil column leaching and seed germination rate tests, indicated that synergistic redox interaction between Cr(VI) and DOM significantly reduced waterborne heavy metal and toxic organic pollution. These findings carry substantial implications for sludge treatment and remediation of heavy metal pollution in wastewater, offering valuable insights into effective environmental remediation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanjin Lin
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, No. 1239, Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Tongji University, No. 1239, Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yanfei Tang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, No. 1239, Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Tongji University, No. 1239, Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jing Sun
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, No. 1239, Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Tongji University, No. 1239, Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Bin Dong
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, No. 1239, Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Tongji University, No. 1239, Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China; YANGTZE Eco-Environment Engineering Research Center, China Three Gorges Corporation, Beijing 100038, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541006, China.
| | - Xu Zuxin
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, No. 1239, Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Tongji University, No. 1239, Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
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7
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Goranov AI, Sleighter RL, Yordanov DA, Hatcher PG. TEnvR: MATLAB-based toolbox for environmental research. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2023; 15:5390-5400. [PMID: 37807701 DOI: 10.1039/d3ay00750b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
With the advancements in science and technology, datasets become larger and more multivariate, which warrants the need for programming tools for fast data processing and multivariate statistical analysis. Here, the MATLAB-based Toolbox for Environmental Research "TEnvR" (pronounced "ten-ver") is introduced. This novel toolbox includes 44 open-source codes for automated data analysis from a multitude of techniques, such as ultraviolet-visible, fluorescence, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopies, as well as from ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry. Provided are codes for processing data (e.g., spectral corrections, formula assignment), visualization of figures, calculation of metrics, multivariate statistics, and automated work-up of large datasets. TEnvR allows for efficient data analysis with minimal "by-hand" manual work by the user, which allows scientists to do research more efficiently. This manuscript is supplemented with a detailed tutorial, example data, and screenshots, which collectively provide instructions on how to use all codes. TEnvR is novice-friendly and experience in programming with MATLAB is not required. TEnvR fulfills the need for a concise MATLAB-based toolbox for working with environmental data and will be updated annually to keep pace with the latest advances and needs for computational work in the environmental sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandar I Goranov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Old Dominion University, 4501 Elkhorn Avenue, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA.
| | - Rachel L Sleighter
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Old Dominion University, 4501 Elkhorn Avenue, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA.
- FBSciences, Inc. R&D Laboratory, 349 Southport Circle, Suite 102, Virginia Beach, VA 23452, USA
| | | | - Patrick G Hatcher
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Old Dominion University, 4501 Elkhorn Avenue, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA.
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Cai S, Zhang Y, Hu A, Liu M, Wu H, Wang D, Zhang W. Dissolved organic matter transformation mechanisms and process optimization of wastewater sludge hydrothermal humification treatment for producing plant biostimulants. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 235:119910. [PMID: 37001233 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.119910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the composition, transformation and bioactivity of dissolved organic matter (DOM) at the molecular level is crucial for investigating the hydrothermal humification process of wastewater sludge and producing ecological fertilizers. In this study, DOM transformation pathways under alkali-thermal humification treatment (AHT) were characterized by Fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) in conjunction with molecular reaction network analysis. The effects of DOM on plant growth were examined using hydroponics and transcriptomic analysis. In the wastewater sludge humification process, AHT produced maximum amounts of protein (3260.56 mg/L) and humic acid (5788.24 mg/L) after 12 h. FT-ICR MS results indicated that protein-like structures were prone to continuous oxidation and were ultimately transformed into aromatic N-containing compounds resembling humic substances. Several reactive fragments (such as -C2H2O2, -C3H4O2, and -C4H6O2) formed by the Maillard reaction (MR) were identified as potential precursors to humic acid (HA). In terms of biological effects, DOM12h showed the highest rice germination and growth activity, whereas that produced by AHT for a longer period (> 12 h) displayed phytotoxicity owing to the accumulation of toxic substances. Plant biostimulants (such as amino acids and HAs) in DOM improved energy metabolism and carbohydrate storage in rice seedlings by upregulating the "starch and sucrose metabolism" pathways. Toxic substances (such as pyrrole, pyridine, and melanoidin) in DOM can activate cell walls formation to inhibit abiotic stimuli in rice seedlings through the biosynthesis of phenylpropanoid pathway. These findings provide a theoretical basis for optimizing sludge hydrothermal humification and recovering high-quality liquid fertilizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siying Cai
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Aibin Hu
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Ming Liu
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Hanjun Wu
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Dongsheng Wang
- Department of environmental engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weijun Zhang
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China; National Engineering Laboratory of High Concentration Refractory Organic Wastewater Treatment Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
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9
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Zhao P, Du Z, Fu Q, Ai J, Hu A, Wang D, Zhang W. Molecular composition and chemodiversity of dissolved organic matter in wastewater sludge via Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry: Effects of extraction methods and electrospray ionization modes. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 232:119687. [PMID: 36758353 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.119687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
High-resolution mass spectrometry was extensively applied in molecular composition and transformation pathways of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in wastewater sludge treatments. Sample pretreatment methods and electrospray ionization (ESI) modes significant affect the accuracy of molecular characterization for DOM. This study investigated the effects of pretreatment methods (styrene divinyl benzene polymer (PPL), octadecyl (C18), and electrodialysis (ED)) on molecular characteristics of DOM in two typical wastewater sludges (waste activated sludge (WAS) and anaerobic digestion sludge (ADS)) analyzed by FT-ICR MS in both positive ESI (ESI (+)) and negative ESI (ESI (-)) modes. The results indicated that ED pretreatment exhibited the highest recovery rate of 70% ‒ 95% for sludge-derived DOM. ED and PPL performed well in recovering the different sludge-derived DOM with a high similarity of molecular characteristics (e.g., lipids, proteins/aliphatic, and lignins/CRAM-like), and the C18 method was ineffective in extracting carbohydrates, unsaturated hydrocarbons, and amino sugars. In addition, compared with single ESI (-) analysis mode, the molecular number identified by ESI (+) analysis mode was increased by 200%, especially, more unsaturated hydrocarbons and N-containing compounds were detected. Except for biogenic DOM, plenty of emerging containments (ECs) in sludge-derived DOM were identified; ESI (-) mode was more effectively in recognizing the alkyl benzene sulfonic acids (e.g., anionic surfactants); and ESI (+) mode was more effectively for plasticizers identification, for example, dioctyl terephthalate and dibutyl phthalate. This study illustrated that ED pretreatment coupled with FT-ICR MS in dual ESI modes could give more insights in complexed molecular information for DOM in wastewater sludge, and provides a theoretical basis for subsequent sludge treatments and disposals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Zhao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Yangtze Catchment Environmental Aquatic Science, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Zhengliang Du
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Yangtze Catchment Environmental Aquatic Science, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Qinglong Fu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Yangtze Catchment Environmental Aquatic Science, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China.
| | - Jing Ai
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Yangtze Catchment Environmental Aquatic Science, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Aibin Hu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Yangtze Catchment Environmental Aquatic Science, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Dongsheng Wang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Weijun Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Yangtze Catchment Environmental Aquatic Science, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China; National Engineering Laboratory of High Concentration Refractory Organic Wastewater Treatment Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
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10
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Goranov AI, Tadini AM, Martin-Neto L, Bernardi ACC, Oliveira PPA, Pezzopane JRM, Milori DMBP, Mounier S, Hatcher PG. Comparison of Sample Preparation Techniques for the (-)ESI-FT-ICR-MS Analysis of Humic and Fulvic Acids. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:12688-12701. [PMID: 35969691 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c01125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Soil organic matter (SOM) plays a key role in the global carbon and nitrogen cycles. Soil biogeochemistry is regularly studied by extracting the base-soluble fractions of SOM: acid-insoluble humic acid (HA) and acid-soluble fulvic acid (FA). Electrospray ionization-Fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance-mass spectrometry (ESI-FT-ICR-MS) is commonly utilized for molecularly characterizing these fractions. Different sample preparation techniques exist for the analysis of HA and FA though questions remain regarding data comparability following different preparations. Comparisons of different sample preparation techniques here revealed that the negative-mode ESI-FT-ICR-MS analytical window can be skewed to detect different groups of molecules, with primary differences in oxygenation, aromaticity, and molecular weight. It was also observed that HA and FA from soils versus an aquatic matrix behaved very differently. Thus, we conclude that sample preparation techniques determined to be "most optimal" in our study are in no way universal. We recommend that future studies of HA and FA involve similar comparative studies for determining the most suitable sample preparation technique for their particular type of HA or FA matrices. This will enhance data comparability among different studies and environmental systems and ultimately allow us to better understand the complex composition of environmental matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandar I Goranov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Old Dominion University, 4501 Elkhorn Avenue, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, United States
| | - Amanda M Tadini
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Old Dominion University, 4501 Elkhorn Avenue, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, United States
- Embrapa Instrumentação, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation - Embrapa, Street XV de Novembro, 1452, São Carlos, São Paulo 13560-970, Brazil
| | - Ladislau Martin-Neto
- Embrapa Instrumentação, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation - Embrapa, Street XV de Novembro, 1452, São Carlos, São Paulo 13560-970, Brazil
| | - Alberto C C Bernardi
- Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation - Embrapa, Rodovia Washington Luiz, Km 234 s/n°, Fazenda Canchim São Carlos, São Paulo 13560-970, Brazil
| | - Patricia P A Oliveira
- Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation - Embrapa, Rodovia Washington Luiz, Km 234 s/n°, Fazenda Canchim São Carlos, São Paulo 13560-970, Brazil
| | - José R M Pezzopane
- Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation - Embrapa, Rodovia Washington Luiz, Km 234 s/n°, Fazenda Canchim São Carlos, São Paulo 13560-970, Brazil
| | - Débora M B P Milori
- Embrapa Instrumentação, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation - Embrapa, Street XV de Novembro, 1452, São Carlos, São Paulo 13560-970, Brazil
| | - Stéphane Mounier
- Unité mixte 110, Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (MIO), Université de Toulon, Avenue de l'Université - Bat. R, Toulon 83041, France
- Unité mixte 110, MIO, Aix Marseille Université, 163 Avenue de Luminy, Marseille 13288, France
- Unité mixte 110, MIO, Institut de la Recherche et du Développement, 163 Avenue de Luminy, Marseille 13288, France
- Unité mixte 110, MIO, Institut des Sciences de l'Univers, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 163 Avenue de Luminy, Marseille 13288, France
| | - Patrick G Hatcher
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Old Dominion University, 4501 Elkhorn Avenue, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, United States
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