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Shams M, Guiney LM, Ramesh M, Hersam MC, Chowdhury I. Effects of sunlight on the fate of graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide nanomaterials in the natural surface water. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 874:162427. [PMID: 36841399 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Graphene nanomaterials have been commercialized for use in the electronic and biomedical industries, increasing their dissemination into surface waters and subsequent transformation in natural aquatic environment. While the photodegradation of graphene oxide nanomaterials has been investigated in the past, previous research did not consider actual natural aquatic environment and also focused on primarily graphene oxide nanomaterials. In this study, photodegradation of graphene nanomaterials with varying oxidation levels, including graphene oxide (GO) and partially reduced graphene oxide (rGO-2 h) are evaluated in Columbia River Water and compared with each other. Our results indicate that both direct and indirect photolysis of graphene-based nanomaterials will occur simultaneously in natural surface water. However, environmentally relevant concentrations of photosensitizers in surface water are not capable of producing sufficient ·OH to initiate degradation of GO via indirect photolysis. For all conditions tested, GO showed more rapid photodegradation compared to rGO. Overall, direct and indirect photodegradation of graphene oxide nanomaterials in natural surface water is minimal and slow indicating that phototransformation of graphene-based nanomaterials will be insignificant in natural surface water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehnaz Shams
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Linda M Guiney
- Departments of Materials Science and Engineering, Chemistry, and Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Mani Ramesh
- Departments of Materials Science and Engineering, Chemistry, and Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Mark C Hersam
- Departments of Materials Science and Engineering, Chemistry, and Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Indranil Chowdhury
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA.
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Xie M, Gao M, Yun Y, Malmsten M, Rotello VM, Zboril R, Akhavan O, Kraskouski A, Amalraj J, Cai X, Lu J, Zheng H, Li R. Antibacterial Nanomaterials: Mechanisms, Impacts on Antimicrobial Resistance and Design Principles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202217345. [PMID: 36718001 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202217345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the biggest threats to the environment and health. AMR rapidly invalidates conventional antibiotics, and antimicrobial nanomaterials have been increasingly explored as alternatives. Interestingly, several antimicrobial nanomaterials show AMR-independent antimicrobial effects without detectable new resistance and have therefore been suggested to prevent AMR evolution. In contrast, some are found to trigger the evolution of AMR. Given these seemingly conflicting findings, a timely discussion of the two faces of antimicrobial nanomaterials is urgently needed. This review systematically compares the killing mechanisms and structure-activity relationships of antibiotics and antimicrobial nanomaterials. We then focus on nano-microbe interactions to elucidate the impacts of molecular initiating events on AMR evolution. Finally, we provide an outlook on future antimicrobial nanomaterials and propose design principles for the prevention of AMR evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maomao Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Meng Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yang Yun
- College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, China
| | - Martin Malmsten
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Physical Chemistry 1, University of Lund, 22100, Lund, Sweden
| | - Vincent M Rotello
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 N. Pleasant St., Amherst, USA
| | - Radek Zboril
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 241/27, Olomouc, 783 71, Czech Republic.,Nanotechnology Centre, Centre of Energy and Environmental Technologies, VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 2172/15, Ostrava-Poruba, 708 00, Czech Republic
| | - Omid Akhavan
- Condensed Matter National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1956838861, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aliaksandr Kraskouski
- Department of Physicochemistry of Thin Film Materials, Institute of Chemistry of New Materials of NAS of Belarus, 36 F. Skaryna Str., 220084, Minsk, Belarus
| | - John Amalraj
- Laboratory of Materials Science, Instituto de Química de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Talca, P.O. Box 747, Talca, Chile
| | - Xiaoming Cai
- School of Public Health, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Jianmei Lu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, National Center for International Research on Intelligent Nano-Materials and Detection Technology in Environmental Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Huizhen Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ruibin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
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Ionization and electron excitation of C 60 in a carbon nanotube: A variable temperature/voltage transmission electron microscopic study. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2200290119. [PMID: 35377799 PMCID: PMC9169795 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2200290119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The destruction of specimen molecules by an electron beam (e-beam) is either beneficial, as in mass spectrometry capitalizing on ion formation, or deleterious, as in electron microscopy. In the latter application, the e-beam not only produces the specimen image, but also causes information loss upon prolonged irradiation. However, the atomistic mechanism of such loss has been unclear. Performing single-molecule kinetic analysis of C60 dimerization in a carbon nanotube (CNT) under variable-temperature/voltage conditions, we identified three reactive species—that is, radical cation, singlet, and triplet excited states—reacting competitively as the voltage and the properties of the CNT were changed. The key enabler was in situ continuous recording of the whole reaction process, suggesting an upcoming new era of “cinematic chemistry.” There is increasing attention to chemical applications of transmission electron microscopy, which is often plagued by radiation damage. The damage in organic matter predominantly occurs via radiolysis. Although radiolysis is highly important, previous studies on radiolysis have largely been descriptive and qualitative, lacking in such fundamental information as the product structure, the influence of the energy of the electrons, and the reaction kinetics. We need a chemically well-defined system to obtain such data and have chosen as a model a variable-temperature and variable-voltage (VT/VV) study of the [2 + 2] dimerization of a van der Waals dimer [60]fullerene (C60) to C120 in a carbon nanotube (CNT), as studied for several hundred individual reaction events at atomic resolution. We report here the identification of five reaction pathways that serve as mechanistic models of radiolysis damage. Two of them occur via a radical cation of the specimen generated by specimen ionization, and three involve singlet or triplet excited states of the specimen, as initiated by electron excitation of the CNT, followed by energy transfer to the specimen. The [2 + 2] product was identified by measuring the distance between the two C60 moieties, and the mechanisms were distinguished by the pre-exponential factor and the Arrhenius activation energy—the standard protocol of chemical kinetic studies. The results illustrate the importance of VT/VV kinetic analysis in the studies of radiation damage and show that chemical ionization and electron excitation are inseparable, but different, mechanisms of radiation damage, which has so far been classified loosely under the single term “ionization.”
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Peng J, Chang Y, Wang Z, Liu J, Wang S, Zhang Y, Shao S, Liu D, Zhang Y, Shi J, Liu H, Yan G, Cao Z, Gao S. Amlodipine removal via peroxymonosulfate activated by carbon nanotubes/cobalt oxide (CNTs/Co 3O 4) in water. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:11091-11100. [PMID: 34532799 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16399-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Amlodipine (AML) is an effective drug that has been widely used for hypertension and angina. However, AML is frequently detected in aqueous environments, posing potential risks to human and ecological health. In this study, the degradation of AML via peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activated by CNTs/Co3O4 was investigated. CNTs/Co3O4 was prepared via a facile method, and multiple characterizations suggested that Co3O4 were uniformly dispersed on the surface of MWCNTs-COOH. Experimental results indicated that complete removal of 10 μM AML was achieved within 30 min by using 2 mg/L CNTs/Co3O4 and 4 μM PMS at 25 °C in PBS buffered solution (pH 7.0). The observed pseudo-first-order rate constant was calculated to be 0.1369 min-1. Interestingly, the presence of 100 mM Cl- resulted in a slight enhancement of AML removal rate from 0.0528 to 0.0642 min-1. The addition of 100 mM HCO3-, 5 mg/L Pony Lake fulvic acid (PLFA), or Suwannee River humic acid (SRHA) retarded AML degradation by 15.5, 0.7, and 1.6 times, respectively. As per the quenching experiments, SO4⦁- rather than ⦁OH were verified to be the dominant reactive oxygen species (ROS). Additionally, ten major intermediates were identified using TOF-LC-MS and three associated reaction pathways including ether bond broken, H-abstraction, and hydroxylation were proposed. We outlook these findings to advance the feasibility of organic contaminants removal via CNTs/Co3O4 + PMS systems that have extremely low-level PMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbiao Peng
- School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environmental and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Xinxiang, 453007, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yu Chang
- School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environmental and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Xinxiang, 453007, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhexi Wang
- School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environmental and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Xinxiang, 453007, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Liu
- School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environmental and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Xinxiang, 453007, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiyin Wang
- School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environmental and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Xinxiang, 453007, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya Zhang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Management and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of China, Nanjing, 210042, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shuai Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Dexin Liu
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yakun Zhang
- School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environmental and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Xinxiang, 453007, People's Republic of China
| | - Jialu Shi
- School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environmental and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Xinxiang, 453007, People's Republic of China
| | - Haijin Liu
- School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environmental and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Xinxiang, 453007, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangxuan Yan
- School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environmental and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Xinxiang, 453007, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiguo Cao
- School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environmental and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Xinxiang, 453007, People's Republic of China
| | - Shixiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
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Flavonoid-Decorated Nano-gold for Antimicrobial Therapy Against Gram-negative Bacteria Escherichia coli. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2021; 193:1727-1743. [PMID: 33713270 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-021-03543-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Nano-gold (Aunps) have emerged as promising options that exhibit unique features discrete from traditional materials suited for biomedical applications. Aunps were synthesized using flavonoid quercetin (Q) as reducing agent, and resultant nanoparticles were further conjugated with the flavonoid. The resultant nano-system was expected to perform a dual role as antibacterial and as antioxidant agent. Nano-gold surface plasmon peaks were recorded at 560 nm with size around 62 nm and having slim distribution pattern. Spherical particle with smooth surface was observed under TEM and AFM studies. TEM micrographs confirmed a homogeneous particle population of size around 30 nm. Quercetin association to nano-gold was corroborated through FTIR and EDAX analysis. Antioxidant nature of nano-gold prevented rapid oxidation of brilliant cresyl blue dye, in presence of sodium hypochlorite. Antimicrobial action of QuAunp was tested against Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli. Nano-gold designed produced a minimum inhibitory concentration of 7.6 μg/ml and minimum bactericidal concentration 10.5 μg/ml against E. coli. Further TEM analysis and membrane permeability studies revealed the impact of QuAunps on bacterial membrane leading to cell damage.
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Deline AR, Frank BP, Smith CL, Sigmon LR, Wallace AN, Gallagher MJ, Goodwin DG, Durkin DP, Fairbrother DH. Influence of Oxygen-Containing Functional Groups on the Environmental Properties, Transformations, and Toxicity of Carbon Nanotubes. Chem Rev 2020; 120:11651-11697. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa R. Deline
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Benjamin P. Frank
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Casey L. Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Leslie R. Sigmon
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Alexa N. Wallace
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Miranda J. Gallagher
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - David G. Goodwin
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - David P. Durkin
- Department of Chemistry, United States Naval Academy, 572M Holloway Road, Annapolis, Maryland 21402, United States
| | - D. Howard Fairbrother
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
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Suhendra E, Chang CH, Hou WC, Hsieh YC. A Review on the Environmental Fate Models for Predicting the Distribution of Engineered Nanomaterials in Surface Waters. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124554. [PMID: 32604975 PMCID: PMC7349326 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure assessment is a key component in the risk assessment of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs). While direct and quantitative measurements of ENMs in complex environmental matrices remain challenging, environmental fate models (EFMs) can be used alternatively for estimating ENMs' distributions in the environment. This review describes and assesses the development and capability of EFMs, focusing on surface waters. Our review finds that current engineered nanomaterial (ENM) exposure models can be largely classified into three types: material flow analysis models (MFAMs), multimedia compartmental models (MCMs), and spatial river/watershed models (SRWMs). MFAMs, which is already used to derive predicted environmental concentrations (PECs), can be used to estimate the releases of ENMs as inputs to EFMs. Both MCMs and SRWMs belong to EFMs. MCMs are spatially and/or temporally averaged models, which describe ENM fate processes as intermedia transfer of well-mixed environmental compartments. SRWMs are spatiotemporally resolved models, which consider the variability in watershed and/or stream hydrology, morphology, and sediment transport of river networks. As the foundation of EFMs, we also review the existing and emerging ENM fate processes and their inclusion in recent EFMs. We find that while ENM fate processes, such as heteroaggregation and dissolution, are commonly included in current EFMs, few models consider photoreaction and sulfidation, evaluation of the relative importance of fate processes, and the fate of weathered/transformed ENMs. We conclude the review by identifying the opportunities and challenges in using EFMs for ENMs.
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Huo X, Zhou P, Zhang J, Liu Y, Cheng X, Liu Y, Li W, Zhang Y. N, S-Doped porous carbons for persulfate activation to remove tetracycline: Nonradical mechanism. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 391:122055. [PMID: 32045799 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Revised: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen and sulfur-codoped porous carbons (SNCs) with porous structures and high surface areas were successfully synthesized employing coffee grounds, sodium bicarbonate and L-cysteine monohydrochloride as precursors. The SNCs were highly efficient for adsorption and exhibited outstanding catalytic performance for the oxidative degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride (TeC) solutions, especially at a calcined temperature of 700 °C (SNCs-700). The radical quenching, advanced in situ electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) technology, PS decomposition rates and Linear Sweep Voltammetry (LSV) indicated that the excellent oxidative effectiveness of the PS/SNCs-700 system originated from the nonradical pathways (singlet oxygen (1O2) and electron transfer). It's supposed that N and S doping can effectively create point defects, which could generate 1O2, while carbonyl groups were determined to be the main active sites contributing to the electron transfer. TeC degradation intermediates were also identified, three degradation pathways, revealing that the pre-adsorption significantly accelerated the nonradical oxidation pathways. This approach provides an innovative method for the large-scale production and application of high-quality catalysts in water treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Huo
- College of Architecture & Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
| | - Peng Zhou
- College of Architecture & Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
| | - Jing Zhang
- College of Architecture & Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China.
| | - Yunxin Liu
- College of Architecture & Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
| | - Xin Cheng
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, 06511, United States
| | - Yang Liu
- College of Architecture & Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
| | - Wenshu Li
- College of Architecture & Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
| | - Yongli Zhang
- College of Architecture & Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
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Moor KJ, Schmitt M, Erickson PR, McNeill K. Sorbic Acid as a Triplet Probe: Triplet Energy and Reactivity with Triplet-State Dissolved Organic Matter via 1O 2 Phosphorescence. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:8078-8086. [PMID: 31268694 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b01787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Sorbic acid (2,4-hexadienoic acid; HDA) is commonly used as a probe and quencher for triplet-excited chromophoric dissolved organic matter (3CDOM*), an important transient species in natural waters, yet much remains unknown about its reactivity with 3CDOM* and its triplet energy. To better understand the quenching behavior of HDA, we measured HDA quenching rate constants for various humic substance isolates and whole waters with singlet oxygen (1O2) phosphorescence and determined the triplet energy of HDA. Low-temperature phosphorescence measurements determined the triplet energy of HDA to be 217 kJ mol-1, whereas a complementary method based on triplet quenching kinetics found a triplet energy of 184 ± 7 kJ mol-1. Time-resolved 1O2 phosphorescence measurements yielded different HDA quenching rate constants depending on the fitting method. Using an approach that considered the reactivity of the entire triplet pool produced values of (∼1-10) × 108 M-1 s-1, while an approach that considered only the reactivity of the high-energy triplets output higher rate constants ((∼7-30) × 108 M-1 s-1). In addition, the model based on high-energy triplet reactivity found that ∼30-60% of 3CDOM* is not quenched by HDA. Findings from this study provide a more comprehensive view on the use of HDA as a probe for 3CDOM*.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle J Moor
- Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics (IBP), Department of Environmental Systems Science , ETH Zurich , 8092 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Markus Schmitt
- Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics (IBP), Department of Environmental Systems Science , ETH Zurich , 8092 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Paul R Erickson
- Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics (IBP), Department of Environmental Systems Science , ETH Zurich , 8092 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Kristopher McNeill
- Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics (IBP), Department of Environmental Systems Science , ETH Zurich , 8092 Zurich , Switzerland
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Cheng X, Guo H, Zhang Y, Korshin GV, Yang B. Insights into the mechanism of nonradical reactions of persulfate activated by carbon nanotubes: Activation performance and structure-function relationship. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 157:406-414. [PMID: 30978663 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.03.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to elucidate the intrinsic mechanisms of PS activation by carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Singlet oxygen generation (1O2) and direct CNTs-mediated electron transfer were hypothesized to be two major pathways of the oxidation of 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) by PS in the presence of both unmodified and modified CNTs. For the first time, roles of CNT active sites responsible for PS activation were determined using CNT derivatization and structural characterization. By selectively deactivating the carbonyl, hydroxyl or carboxylic groups on CNTs surface and linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) analysis, CO groups were determined to be the main active sites contributing to the direct electron transfer oxidation, while singlet oxygen was generated at CNTs defects. Subsequent UV irradiation was shown to cause the recovery of surface defects with ID/IG of CNTs increasing by 21%. This resulted in the regeneration of the performance for the coupled system and allowed for multi-cycle activation of PS by CNTs. These results suggest that CNTs/PS system combined with regeneration based on UV irradiation can be used as an effective alternative process for continuous degradation of recalcitrant aqueous contaminants through the non-radical mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Cheng
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Hongguang Guo
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China; Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Box 352700, Seattle, WA, 98195-2700, United States.
| | - Yongli Zhang
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Gregory V Korshin
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Box 352700, Seattle, WA, 98195-2700, United States
| | - Bo Yang
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
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11
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Chen X, Fang G, Liu C, Dionysiou DD, Wang X, Zhu C, Wang Y, Gao J, Zhou D. Cotransformation of Carbon Dots and Contaminant under Light in Aqueous Solutions: A Mechanistic Study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:6235-6244. [PMID: 31081623 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b07124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the photochemistry of carbon dots (CDs) and their effects on pollutant transformation were systematically examined. Diethyl phthalate (DEP) degradation was strongly enhanced by CDs under UV light, with the observed reaction rate constant ( kobs) increased by 2.4-15.1-fold by CDs at a concentration of 0.5-10 mg/L. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectrometry combined with free radical quenching experiments with various chemical probes indicated the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), including hydroxyl radicals (•OH), singlet oxygen (1O2), and superoxide radical anions (O2•-), and these contributed to the enhanced DEP degradation. Meanwhile, CDs were also degraded to low-molecular-weight species and partially mineralized to CO2 by ROS, as evidenced by Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FTICR-MS) and total organic carbon (TOC) analysis, and transformation of CDs was accelerated by DEP. Furthermore, CDs were degraded rapidly under natural sunlight, accompanied by the formation of •OH and 1O2. Anions such as CO32-, NO3-, and Cl- had limited effects on transformation of CDs, while humic substances greatly inhibited this process. Our results indicate that photoreactions of CDs play an important role in influencing the transformation of pollutants and CDs themselves in the natural aquatic environment. The findings provide invaluable information for evaluating risks associated with the release of CDs into the natural environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiru Chen
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation , Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Nanjing 210008 , P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049 , P.R. China
| | - Guodong Fang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation , Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Nanjing 210008 , P.R. China
| | - Cun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation , Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Nanjing 210008 , P.R. China
| | - Dionysios D Dionysiou
- Environmental Engineering and Science Program, Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering (ChEE) , University of Cincinnati , Cincinnati , Ohio 45221-0071 , United States
| | - Xiaolei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation , Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Nanjing 210008 , P.R. China
| | - Changyin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation , Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Nanjing 210008 , P.R. China
| | - Yujun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation , Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Nanjing 210008 , P.R. China
| | - Juan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation , Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Nanjing 210008 , P.R. China
| | - Dongmei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation , Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Nanjing 210008 , P.R. China
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12
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Chen C, Huang Y. Carbonaceous nanomaterial-initiated reductive transformation of silver ions in the aqueous environment under sunlight. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 644:315-323. [PMID: 29981979 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.06.246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The aquatic systems are among the major sinks for discharged substances, and these substances will likely associate with each other. The present work, therefore, aims to study the transformation of metal ions to nanoparticles by discharged carbonaceous materials of emerging concern (e.g., carbon nanotubes (CNTs)) coexisting in the aqueous environment. Here we undertook a systematic study of the reduction of silver ions by CNT suspensions under sunlight irradiation. The formation rate of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) is suppressed by an increasing amount of dissolved oxygen or strong solution acidity, as well as the presence of other cations. The photoreduction of Ag+ by CNTs involves a charge transfer process between Ag+ and the CNTs. The way in which carbonaceous nanomaterial properties influence the formation kinetics, size, and morphology of the AgNPs was examined. An enhanced sunlight-driven formation of AgNPs with highly monodispersity was observed in CNTs with nitrogen-containing functional groups due to their active electrochemical and stabilizing nature. The compiled results reveal the importance of an understanding of not only the inherent environmental behaviors of individual substances but also their interactions with concurrent substances in the environment. We demonstrated that the transformation of silver under sunlight by carbonaceous materials with different characteristics could alter the properties and potential risks of metallic species in aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiaying Chen
- Department of Environmental Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City 402, Taiwan.
| | - Yu Huang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City 402, Taiwan
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13
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Chen C, Huang Y. Enhanced photoreactivity of amine-functionalized carbon nanotubes under sunlight in the aquatic environment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 636:1577-1584. [PMID: 29913618 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
To overcome the hydrophobic nature of pristine carbonaceous materials such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and to make them available for intended applications, chemically covalent functionalization tailoring these materials is widely applied. However, the addition of surface functional moieties often changes the fundamental properties of the parent materials and introduces great variations that hinder a full understanding of and unified conclusions about their environmental implications. In this work, we studied the photoactivity of covalently functionalized CNTs in the aquatic environment under sunlight irradiation. The results indicate an enhanced photoreactivity of CNTs with amine functional groups resulting from a greater excited triplet state formation and a restored electronic structure after the secondary functionalization. Photogenerated singlet oxygen was produced directly through a photosensitization process in which the photoexcited CNTs transferred energy to oxygen, as well as produced indirectly from the aqueous reactions of superoxide radical. The superior photoreactive behaviors of engineered nanomaterials with amine functionalization in terms of reactive oxygen species generation in aquatic environments not only raise ecological concerns, but also render these functionalized engineered nanomaterials useful as water treatment agents against pollutants or microorganisms that can be destroyed by singlet oxygen or hydroxyl radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiaying Chen
- Department of Environmental Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City 402, Taiwan.
| | - Yu Huang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City 402, Taiwan
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14
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Bais F, Luca RM, Bornman JF, Williamson CE, Sulzberger B, Austin AT, Wilson SR, Andrady AL, Bernhard G, McKenzie RL, Aucamp PJ, Madronich S, Neale RE, Yazar S, Young AR, de Gruijl FR, Norval M, Takizawa Y, Barnes PW, Robson TM, Robinson SA, Ballaré CL, Flint SD, Neale PJ, Hylander S, Rose KC, Wängberg SÅ, Häder DP, Worrest RC, Zepp RG, Paul ND, Cory RM, Solomon KR, Longstreth J, Pandey KK, Redhwi HH, Torikai A, Heikkilä AM. Environmental effects of ozone depletion, UV radiation and interactions with climate change: UNEP Environmental Effects Assessment Panel, update 2017. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2018; 17:127-179. [PMID: 29404558 PMCID: PMC6155474 DOI: 10.1039/c7pp90043k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The Environmental Effects Assessment Panel (EEAP) is one of three Panels of experts that inform the Parties to the Montreal Protocol. The EEAP focuses on the effects of UV radiation on human health, terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, air quality, and materials, as well as on the interactive effects of UV radiation and global climate change. When considering the effects of climate change, it has become clear that processes resulting in changes in stratospheric ozone are more complex than previously held. Because of the Montreal Protocol, there are now indications of the beginnings of a recovery of stratospheric ozone, although the time required to reach levels like those before the 1960s is still uncertain, particularly as the effects of stratospheric ozone on climate change and vice versa, are not yet fully understood. Some regions will likely receive enhanced levels of UV radiation, while other areas will likely experience a reduction in UV radiation as ozone- and climate-driven changes affect the amounts of UV radiation reaching the Earth's surface. Like the other Panels, the EEAP produces detailed Quadrennial Reports every four years; the most recent was published as a series of seven papers in 2015 (Photochem. Photobiol. Sci., 2015, 14, 1-184). In the years in between, the EEAP produces less detailed and shorter Update Reports of recent and relevant scientific findings. The most recent of these was for 2016 (Photochem. Photobiol. Sci., 2017, 16, 107-145). The present 2017 Update Report assesses some of the highlights and new insights about the interactive nature of the direct and indirect effects of UV radiation, atmospheric processes, and climate change. A full 2018 Quadrennial Assessment, will be made available in 2018/2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Bais
- Aristotle Univ. of Thessaloniki, Laboratory of Atmospheric Physics, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - R. M. Luca
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National Univ., Canberra, Australia
| | - J. F. Bornman
- Curtin Univ., Curtin Business School, Perth, Australia
| | | | - B. Sulzberger
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - A. T. Austin
- Univ. of Buenos Aires, Faculty of Agronomy and IFEVA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - S. R. Wilson
- School of Chemistry, Centre for Atmospheric Chemistry, Univ. of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - A. L. Andrady
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - G. Bernhard
- Biospherical Instruments Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - P. J. Aucamp
- Ptersa Environmental Consultants, Faerie Glen, South Africa
| | - S. Madronich
- National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - R. E. Neale
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Royal Brisbane Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - S. Yazar
- Univ. of Western Australia, Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Lions Eye Institute, Perth, Australia
| | | | - F. R. de Gruijl
- Department of Dermatology, Leiden Univ. Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - M. Norval
- Univ. of Edinburgh Medical School, UK
| | - Y. Takizawa
- Akita Univ. School of Medicine, National Institute for Minamata Disease, Nakadai, Itabashiku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - P. W. Barnes
- Department of Biological Sciences and Environment Program, Loyola Univ., New Orleans, USA
| | - T. M. Robson
- Research Programme in Organismal and Evolutionary Biology, Viikki Plant Science Centre, Univ. of Helsinki, Finland
| | - S. A. Robinson
- Centre for Sustainable Ecosystem Solutions, School of Biological Sciences, Univ. of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - C. L. Ballaré
- Univ. of Buenos Aires, Faculty of Agronomy and IFEVA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - S. D. Flint
- Dept of Forest, Rangeland and Fire Sciences, Univ. of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA
| | - P. J. Neale
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, Maryland, USA
| | - S. Hylander
- Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial model Systems, Linnaeus Univ., Kalmar, Sweden
| | - K. C. Rose
- Dept of Biological Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
| | - S.-Å. Wängberg
- Dept Marine Sciences, Univ. of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - D.-P. Häder
- Friedrich-Alexander Univ. Erlangen-Nürnberg, Dept of Biology, Möhrendorf, Germany
| | - R. C. Worrest
- CIESIN, Columbia Univ., New Hartford, Connecticut, USA
| | - R. G. Zepp
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - N. D. Paul
- Lanter Environment Centre, Lanter Univ., LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - R. M. Cory
- Earth and Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - K. R. Solomon
- Centre for Toxicology, School of Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - J. Longstreth
- The Institute for Global Risk Research, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - K. K. Pandey
- Institute of Wood Science and Technology, Bengaluru, India
| | - H. H. Redhwi
- Chemical Engineering Dept, King Fahd Univ. of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - A. Torikai
- Materials Life Society of Japan, Kayabacho Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - A. M. Heikkilä
- Finnish Meteorological Institute R&D/Climate Research, Helsinki, Finland
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15
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Heterogeneous activation of persulfate for Rhodamine B degradation with 3D flower sphere-like BiOI/Fe3O4 microspheres under visible light irradiation. Sep Purif Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2017.09.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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16
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Bouchard D, Knightes C, Chang X, Avant B. Simulating Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube Transport in Surface Water Systems Using the Water Quality Analysis Simulation Program (WASP). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:11174-11184. [PMID: 28876918 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b01477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA), the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is required to perform new chemical reviews of nanomaterials identified in premanufacture notices. However, environmental fate models developed for traditional contaminants are limited in their ability to simulate nanomaterials' environmental behavior by incomplete understanding and representation of the processes governing nanomaterial distribution in the environment and by scarce empirical data quantifying the interaction of nanomaterials with environmental surfaces. In this study, the well-known Water Quality Analysis Simulation Program (WASP) was updated to incorporate particle collision rate and particle attachment efficiency to simulate multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) fate and transport in surface waters. Heteroaggregation attachment efficiencies (αhet) values derived from sediment attachment studies are used to parametrize WASP for simulation of MWCNTs transport in Brier Creek, a coastal plain river located in central eastern Georgia, and a tributary to the Savannah River. Simulations using a constant MWCNT load of 0.1 kg d-1 in the uppermost Brier Creek water segment showed that MWCNTs were present predominantly in the Brier Creek water column, while downstream MWCNT surface and deep sediment concentrations exhibited a general increase with time and distance from the source, suggesting that MWCNT releases could have increasing ecological impacts in the benthic region over long time frames.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dermont Bouchard
- USEPA Office of Research and Development, National Exposure Research Laboratory , 960 College Station Road, Athens, Georgia 30605, United States
| | - Christopher Knightes
- USEPA Office of Research and Development, National Exposure Research Laboratory , 960 College Station Road, Athens, Georgia 30605, United States
| | - Xiaojun Chang
- National Research Council Research Associate , Athens, Georgia 30605, United States
| | - Brian Avant
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education , Athens, Georgia 30605, United States
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17
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Luo T, Chen J, Song B, Ma H, Fu Z, Peijnenburg WJGM. Time-gated luminescence imaging of singlet oxygen photoinduced by fluoroquinolones and functionalized graphenes in Daphnia magna. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2017; 191:105-112. [PMID: 28810137 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2017.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Singlet oxygen (1O2) can be photogenerated by photoactive xenobiotics and is capable of causing adverse effects due to its electrophilicity and its high reactivity with biological molecules. Detection of the production and distribution of 1O2 in living organisms is therefore of great importance. In this study, a luminescent probe ATTA-Eu3+ combined with time-gated luminescence imaging was adopted to detect the distribution and temporal variation of 1O2 photoinduced by fluoroquinolone antibiotics and carboxylated/aminated graphenes in Daphnia magna. Results show that the xenobiotics generate 1O2 in living daphnids under simulated sunlight irradiation (SSR). The photogeneration of 1O2 by carboxylated/aminated graphenes was also confirmed by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. The strongest luminescence signals of 1O2 were observed in the hindgut of daphnids, and the signals in different areas of the daphnids (gut, thoracic legs and post-abdominal claw) displayed a similar trend of enhancement over irradiation time. Mean 1O2 concentrations at different regions of daphnids within one hour of SSR irradiation were estimated to be in the range of 0.5∼4.8μM. This study presented an efficient method for visualizing and quantifying the temporal and spatial distribution of 1O2 photogenerated by xenobiotics in living organisms, which can be employed for phototoxicity evaluation of xenobiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianlie Luo
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Jingwen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Bo Song
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Hua Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Zhiqiang Fu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Willie J G M Peijnenburg
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands; National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Center for the Safety of Substances and Products, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
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18
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Boyes WK, Thornton BLM, Al-Abed SR, Andersen CP, Bouchard DC, Burgess RM, Hubal EAC, Ho KT, Hughes MF, Kitchin K, Reichman JR, Rogers KR, Ross JA, Rygiewicz PT, Scheckel KG, Thai SF, Zepp RG, Zucker RM. A comprehensive framework for evaluating the environmental health and safety implications of engineered nanomaterials. Crit Rev Toxicol 2017; 47:767-810. [DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2017.1328400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- William K. Boyes
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Brittany Lila M. Thornton
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Souhail R. Al-Abed
- National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Christian P. Andersen
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Dermont C. Bouchard
- National Exposure Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Robert M. Burgess
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Narragansett, RI, USA
| | - Elaine A. Cohen Hubal
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Kay T. Ho
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Narragansett, RI, USA
| | - Michael F. Hughes
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Kirk Kitchin
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Jay R. Reichman
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Kim R. Rogers
- National Exposure Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Jeffrey A. Ross
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Paul T. Rygiewicz
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Kirk G. Scheckel
- National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Sheau-Fung Thai
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Richard G. Zepp
- National Exposure Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Robert M. Zucker
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
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19
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Cheng X, Guo H, Zhang Y, Wu X, Liu Y. Non-photochemical production of singlet oxygen via activation of persulfate by carbon nanotubes. WATER RESEARCH 2017; 113:80-88. [PMID: 28199865 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 371] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 01/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The reaction between persulfate (PS) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) for the degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) was investigated. It was demonstrated that CNTs could efficiently activate PS for the degradation of 2,4-DCP. Results suggested that the neither hydroxyl radical (OH) nor sulfate radical (SO4-) was produced therein. For the first time, the generation of singlet oxygen (1O2) was proved by several methods including electron paramagnetic resonance spectrometry (EPR) and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry measurements. Moreover, the generation of the superoxide radical as a precursor of the singlet oxygen was also confirmed by using certain scavengers and EPR measurement, in which the presence of molecular oxygen was not required as a precursor of 1O2. The efficient generation of 1O2 using the PS/CNTs system without any light irradiation can be employed for the selective oxidation of aqueous organic compounds under neutral conditions with the mineralization and toxicity evaluated. A kinetic model was developed to theoretically evaluate the adsorption and oxidation of 2,4-DCP on the CNTs. Accordingly, a catalytic mechanism was proposed involving the formation of a dioxirane intermediate between PS and CNTs, and the subsequent decomposition of this intermediate into 1O2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Cheng
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Hongguang Guo
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Clean Technology of Leather Manufacture, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Yongli Zhang
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Xiao Wu
- College of Historical Culture and Tourism, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, China
| | - Yang Liu
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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20
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Wohlleben W, Kingston C, Carter J, Sahle-Demessie E, Vázquez-Campos S, Acrey B, Chen CY, Walton E, Egenolf H, Müller P, Zepp R. NanoRelease: Pilot interlaboratory comparison of a weathering protocol applied to resilient and labile polymers with and without embedded carbon nanotubes. CARBON 2017; 113:346-360. [PMID: 30147114 PMCID: PMC6104645 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2016.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
A major use of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) is as functional fillers embedded in a solid matrix, such as plastics or coatings. Weathering and abrasion of the solid matrix during use can lead to environmental releases of the MWCNTs. Here we focus on a protocol to identify and quantify the primary release induced by weathering, and assess reproducibility, transferability, and sensitivity towards different materials and uses. We prepared 132 specimens of two polymer-MWCNT composites containing the same grade of MWCNTs used in earlier OECD hazard assessments but without UV stabilizer. We report on a pilot inter-laboratory comparison (ILC) with four labs (two US and two EU) aging by UV and rain, then shipping for analysis. Two labs (one US and one EU) conducted the release sampling and analysis by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Inductively Coupled Plasma- Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS), UltravioleteVisible Spectroscopy (UVeVis), Analytical Ultracentrifugation (AUC), and Asymmetric Flow Field Flow Fractionation (AF4). We compare results between aging labs, between analysis labs and between materials. Surprisingly, we found quantitative agreement between analysis labs for TEM, ICP-MS, UVeVis; low variation between aging labs by all methods; and consistent rankings of release between TEM, ICP-MS, UVeVis, AUC. Significant disagreement was related primarily to differences in aging, but even these cases remained within a factor of two.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendel Wohlleben
- BASF SE, Dept. Material Physics and Analytics, 67056, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | | | - Janet Carter
- Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), USA
| | - E. Sahle-Demessie
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Office of Research and Development (ORD), National Risk Management Research Laboratory (NRMRL), Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | | | - Brad Acrey
- EPA, ORD, National Exposure Research Laboratory (NERL), 960 College Station Rd., Athens, GA, USA
- Student Services Associate
| | - Chia-Ying Chen
- EPA, ORD, National Exposure Research Laboratory (NERL), 960 College Station Rd., Athens, GA, USA
- National Research Council Associate
| | - Ernest Walton
- EPA, Region 4, Science and Ecosystem Support Division (SESD), Athens, GA, USA
| | - Heiko Egenolf
- BASF SE, Dept. Material Physics and Analytics, 67056, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Philipp Müller
- BASF SE, Dept. Material Physics and Analytics, 67056, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Richard Zepp
- EPA, ORD, National Exposure Research Laboratory (NERL), 960 College Station Rd., Athens, GA, USA
- Corresponding author. (R. Zepp)
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21
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McNeill K, Canonica S. Triplet state dissolved organic matter in aquatic photochemistry: reaction mechanisms, substrate scope, and photophysical properties. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2016; 18:1381-1399. [PMID: 27722628 DOI: 10.1039/c6em00408c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Excited triplet states of chromophoric dissolved organic matter (3CDOM*) play a major role among the reactive intermediates produced upon absorption of sunlight by surface waters. After more than two decades of research on the aquatic photochemistry of 3CDOM*, the need for improving the knowledge about the photophysical and photochemical properties of these elusive reactive species remains considerable. This critical review examines the efforts to date to characterize 3CDOM*. Information on 3CDOM* relies mainly on the use of probe compounds because of the difficulties associated with directly observing 3CDOM* using transient spectroscopic methods. Singlet molecular oxygen (1O2), which is a product of the reaction between 3CDOM* and dissolved oxygen, is probably the simplest indicator that can be used to estimate steady-state concentrations of 3CDOM*. There are two major modes of reaction of 3CDOM* with substrates, namely triplet energy transfer or oxidation (via electron transfer, proton-coupled electron transfer or related mechanisms). Organic molecules, including several environmental contaminants, that are susceptible to degradation by these two different reaction modes are reviewed. It is proposed that through the use of appropriate sets of probe compounds and model photosensitizers an improved estimation of the distribution of triplet energies and one-electron reduction potentials of 3CDOM* can be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristopher McNeill
- Institute for Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zurich, Universitaetstrasse 16, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Silvio Canonica
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 133, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
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22
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Feng Y, Chen W, Jia Y, Tian Y, Zhao Y, Long F, Rui Y, Jiang X. N-Heterocyclic molecule-capped gold nanoparticles as effective antibiotics against multi-drug resistant bacteria. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:13223-13227. [PMID: 27355451 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr03317b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate that N-heterocyclic molecule-capped gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) have broad-spectrum antibacterial activity. Optimized antibacterial activity can be achieved by using different initial molar ratios (1 : 1 and 10 : 1) of N-heterocyclic prodrugs and the precursor of Au NPs (HAuCl4). This work opens up new avenues for antibiotics based on Au NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Feng
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, 2 YuanMingYuan West Road, HaiDian District, Beijing 100193, China.
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23
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Hou WC, He CJ, Wang YS, Wang DK, Zepp RG. Phototransformation-Induced Aggregation of Functionalized Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes: The Importance of Amorphous Carbon. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:3494-3502. [PMID: 26928260 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b04727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) with proper functionalization are desirable for applications that require dispersion in aqueous and biological environments, and functionalized SWCNTs also serve as building blocks for conjugation with specific molecules in these applications. In this study, we examined the phototransformation of carboxylated SWCNTs and associated amorphous carbon impurities in the presence or absence of H2O2 under simulated sunlight conditions. We found that while carboxylated SWCNTs were rather unreactive with respect to direct solar photolysis, they photoreacted in the presence of H2O2, forming CO2 and strongly aggregated SWCNT products that precipitated. Photoreaction caused SWCNTs to lose oxygen-containing functionalities, and interestingly, the resulting photoproducts had spectral characteristics similar to those of parent carboxylated SWCNTs whose amorphous carbon was removed by base washing. These results indicated that photoreaction of the amorphous carbon was likely involved. The removal of amorphous carbon after indirect photoreaction was confirmed with thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Further studies using carboxylated SWCNTs with and without base washing indicate that amorphous carbon reduced the extent of aggregation caused by photoreaction. The second-order rate constant for carboxylated SWCNTs reacting with (•)OH was estimated to be in the range of 1.7-3.8 × 10(9) MC(-1) s(-1). The modeled phototransformation half-lives fall in the range of 2.8-280 days in typical sunlit freshwaters. Our study indicates that photosensitized reactions involving (•)OH may be a transformation and removal pathway of functionalized SWCNTs in the aquatic environment, and that the residual amorphous carbon associated with SWCNTs plays a role in SWCNT stabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Che Hou
- Department of Environmental Engineering, National Cheng Kung University , Tainan City, Taiwan 70101
| | - Chen-Jing He
- Department of Environmental Engineering, National Cheng Kung University , Tainan City, Taiwan 70101
| | - Yi-Sheng Wang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, National Cheng Kung University , Tainan City, Taiwan 70101
| | - David K Wang
- FIMLab-Films and Inorganic Membrane Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland , Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia
| | - Richard G Zepp
- National Exposure Research Laboratory, Exposure Methods & Measurement Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency , Athens, Georgia 30605, United States
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