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Chen D, Wen Y, Li P, Wang Y, Dong T. Magnetically Modulated Differential Quartz Crystal Microbalances for Rapid, Ultrasensitive, and Direct Probing of Prostate-Specific Antigens Conjugated with Magnetic Beads. ACS Sens 2023; 8:4031-4041. [PMID: 37943682 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c00342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence and development of diseases are closely related to overexpression of specific biomarkers in the serum of patients. Rapid and sensitive biomarker detection is beneficial for early diagnosis and treatment. However, the current laboratory processes and assays for biomarker detection are expensive and time-consuming, and their operation also requires a large number of professionals. We developed a magnetically modulated differential quartz crystal microbalance (MMD-QCM) method combined with magnetic bead (MB) labels for rapid and highly sensitive quantitative detection of prostate-specific antigen (PSA). Because MBs exhibit magnetized rotation motion under an applied AC magnetic field, a pair of QCMs are utilized to measure the difference between the magnetic motion intensities of the MBs and the MB-PSA immune complex to determine the PSA concentration. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can be adopted to determine the PSA concentration in a wide range of 0.01-1000 ng/mL as well as exhibit a low detection limit of 0.065 ng/mL. In addition, the proposed scheme enables fast detection and low sample consumption. The single detection process takes less than 4 h and requires only 113 μL of sample solution. The proposed detection strategy is superior to the existing detection method and can be effectively used in early screening and prognostic diagnosis of cancer and other related diseases owing to its simplicity, low cost, and high speed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyu Chen
- School of Electronic, Information and Electrical Eng., Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Dongchuan Road 800, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yumei Wen
- School of Electronic, Information and Electrical Eng., Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Dongchuan Road 800, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Ping Li
- School of Electronic, Information and Electrical Eng., Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Dongchuan Road 800, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yao Wang
- School of Electronic, Information and Electrical Eng., Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Dongchuan Road 800, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Tao Dong
- Department of Microsystems, Norwegian Centre of Expertise on Micro-Nanotechnology, Faculty of Technology, Natural Sciences and Maritime Sciences, University of South-Eastern Norway, 3603 Kongsberg, Norway
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2
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Gowda HN, Kido H, Wu X, Shoval O, Lee A, Lorenzana A, Madou M, Hoffmann M, Jiang SC. Development of a proof-of-concept microfluidic portable pathogen analysis system for water quality monitoring. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 813:152556. [PMID: 34952082 PMCID: PMC8837627 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Waterborne diseases cause millions of deaths worldwide, especially in developing communities. The monitoring and rapid detection of microbial pathogens in water is critical for public health protection. This study reports the development of a proof-of-concept portable pathogen analysis system (PPAS) that can detect bacteria in water with the potential application in a point-of-sample collection setting. A centrifugal microfluidic platform is adopted to integrate bacterial cell lysis in water samples, nucleic acid extraction, and reagent mixing with a droplet digital loop mediated isothermal amplification assay for bacteria quantification onto a single centrifugal disc (CD). Coupled with a portable "CD Driver" capable of automating the assay steps, the CD functions as a single step bacterial detection "lab" without the need to transfer samples from vial-to-vial as in a traditional laboratory. The prototype system can detect Enterococcus faecalis, a common fecal indicator bacterium, in water samples with a single touch of a start button within 1 h and having total hands-on-time being less than 5 min. An add-on bacterial concentration cup prefilled with absorbent polymer beads was designed to integrate with the pathogen CD to improve the downstream quantification sensitivity. All reagents and amplified products are contained within the single-use disc, reducing the opportunity of cross contamination of other samples by the amplification products. This proof-of-concept PPAS lays the foundation for field testing devices in areas needing more accessible water quality monitoring tools and are at higher risk for being exposed to contaminated waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamsa N Gowda
- Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617, USA
| | - Horacio Kido
- Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617, USA
| | - Xunyi Wu
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Oren Shoval
- Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617, USA
| | - Adrienne Lee
- Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617, USA
| | - Albert Lorenzana
- Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617, USA
| | - Marc Madou
- Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617, USA
| | - Michael Hoffmann
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Sunny C Jiang
- Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617, USA.
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3
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Brester C, Ryzhikov I, Siponen S, Jayaprakash B, Ikonen J, Pitkänen T, Miettinen IT, Torvinen E, Kolehmainen M. Potential and limitations of a pilot-scale drinking water distribution system for bacterial community predictive modelling. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 717:137249. [PMID: 32092807 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Waterborne disease outbreaks are a persistent and serious threat to public health according to reported incidents across the globe. Online drinking water quality monitoring technologies have evolved substantially and have become more accurate and accessible. However, using online measurements alone is unsuitable for detecting microbial regrowth, potentially including harmful species, ahead of time in the distribution systems. Alternatively, observational data could be collected periodically, e.g. once per week or once per month and it could include a representative set of variables: physicochemical water characteristics, disinfectant concentrations, and bacterial abundances, which would be a valuable source of knowledge for predictive modelling that aims to reveal pathogen-related threats. In this study, we utilised data collected from a pilot-scale drinking water distribution system. A data-driven random forest model was used for predictive modelling and was trained for nowcasting and forecasting abundances of bacterial groups. In all the experiments, we followed the realistic crossline scenario, which means that when training and testing the models the data is collected from different pipelines. In spite of the more accurate results of the nowcasting, the 1-week forecasting still provided accurate predictions of the most abundant bacteria, their rapid increase and decrease. In the future predictive modelling might be used as a tool in designing control measures for opportunistic pathogens which are able to multiply in the favourable conditions in drinking water distribution systems (DWDS). Eventually, the forecasting information will be able to produce practically helpful data for controlling the DWDS regrowth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Brester
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Ivan Ryzhikov
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Sallamaari Siponen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Balamuralikrishna Jayaprakash
- Department of Health Security, Expert Microbiology Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, P.O. Box 95, FI-70701 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jenni Ikonen
- Department of Health Security, Expert Microbiology Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, P.O. Box 95, FI-70701 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tarja Pitkänen
- Department of Health Security, Expert Microbiology Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, P.O. Box 95, FI-70701 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ilkka T Miettinen
- Department of Health Security, Expert Microbiology Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, P.O. Box 95, FI-70701 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Eila Torvinen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mikko Kolehmainen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
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Abstract
As the nanotechnological applications have taken over in different fields, their applications for water and wastewater treatment is also surfacing as a fast-developing and very promising area. Recent advancements in nanotechnological science and engineering advise that many of the waterborne pathogens could be culminated or debilitated using nanobiosorbents, nanocatalysts, bioactive nanoparticles, nanostructured catalytic membranes, nanobioreactors, nanoparticle-enhanced filtration among other products, and processes resulting from the development of nanotechnology. A detailed insight has been provided for advanced techniques such as photochemical (photocatalytic and advanced oxidation processes) applications of metal oxide nanoparticles, nanomembrane technology, bioinspired nanomaterials, and nanotechnological innovations (nano-Ag, fullerenes, nanotubes, and molecularly imprinted polymers, etc.), which prove to be highly potential as well as promising and cost-effective. However, there are still some shortcomings and challenges that must be overcome which will be looked upon in this chapter.
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Sai-Anand G, Sivanesan A, Benzigar MR, Singh G, Gopalan AI, Baskar AV, Ilbeygi H, Ramadass K, Kambala V, Vinu A. Recent Progress on the Sensing of Pathogenic Bacteria Using Advanced Nanostructures. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2019. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20180280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gopalan Sai-Anand
- Global Innovative Center for Advanced Nanomaterials, Faculty of Built Environment and Engineering, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan 2308, New South Wales, Australia
- Future Industries Institute, Division of Information Technology, Engineering and Environment, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, South Australia 5095, Australia
| | - Arumugam Sivanesan
- Future Industries Institute, Division of Information Technology, Engineering and Environment, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, South Australia 5095, Australia
- Metrohm Australia, 56 Buffalo Road, Gladesville, NSW 2111, Australia
| | - Mercy R Benzigar
- Future Industries Institute, Division of Information Technology, Engineering and Environment, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, South Australia 5095, Australia
| | - Gurwinder Singh
- Global Innovative Center for Advanced Nanomaterials, Faculty of Built Environment and Engineering, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan 2308, New South Wales, Australia
- Future Industries Institute, Division of Information Technology, Engineering and Environment, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, South Australia 5095, Australia
| | - Anantha-Iyengar Gopalan
- Research Institute of Advanced Energy Technology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Arun Vijay Baskar
- Global Innovative Center for Advanced Nanomaterials, Faculty of Built Environment and Engineering, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan 2308, New South Wales, Australia
- Future Industries Institute, Division of Information Technology, Engineering and Environment, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, South Australia 5095, Australia
| | - Hamid Ilbeygi
- Future Industries Institute, Division of Information Technology, Engineering and Environment, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, South Australia 5095, Australia
| | - Kavitha Ramadass
- Global Innovative Center for Advanced Nanomaterials, Faculty of Built Environment and Engineering, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan 2308, New South Wales, Australia
- Future Industries Institute, Division of Information Technology, Engineering and Environment, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, South Australia 5095, Australia
| | - Venkata Kambala
- Hudson Marketing Pty Ltd, Level 2/131 Macquarie St, Sydney NSW 2000, Australia
| | - Ajayan Vinu
- Global Innovative Center for Advanced Nanomaterials, Faculty of Built Environment and Engineering, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan 2308, New South Wales, Australia
- Future Industries Institute, Division of Information Technology, Engineering and Environment, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, South Australia 5095, Australia
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Kumar N, Hu Y, Singh S, Mizaikoff B. Emerging biosensor platforms for the assessment of water-borne pathogens. Analyst 2018; 143:359-373. [PMID: 29271425 DOI: 10.1039/c7an00983f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pathogens are key contaminants in water that are responsible for the generation of various water-borne diseases, and include viruses, fungi, bacteria, and protozoan parasites. The pathogenic effects of these species in water depend on their shape, size, composition, and structure. The resulting water-borne diseases are a serious threat to the environment, including to humans and animals, and are directly responsible for environmental deterioration and pollution. The potential presence of these pathogens requires sensitive, powerful, efficient, and ideally real-time monitoring methods for their reproducible quantification. Conventional methods for pathogen detection mainly rely on time-consuming enrichment steps followed by biochemical identification strategies, which require assay times ranging from 24 h to up to a week. However, in recent years, significant efforts have been made towards the development of biosensing technologies enabling rapid and close-to-real-time detection of water-borne pathogens. This review summarizes recent developments in biosensors and sensing systems based on a variety of transducer technologies for water-quality monitoring, with specific focus on rapid pathogen detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishant Kumar
- CSIR-Central Scientific Instruments Organisation, Chandigarh, India.
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7
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Jiang M, Qi Y, Liu H, Chen Y. The Role of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnologies in Wastewater Treatment: a Bibliometric Analysis. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2018; 13:233. [PMID: 30097816 PMCID: PMC6086776 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-018-2649-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Nanomaterials and nanotechnologies (NNs) have been shaping the wastewater treatment process unprecedentedly. Bibliometric methods are regarded as an indispensable light to guide direction in scientific domain. The present study aims to investigate the role of NNs in wastewater treatment with bibliometric techniques based on SCI databases from 1997 to 2016. Results showed that China (962), USA (324) and Iran (140) are the most productive countries. Chinese Academy of Sciences (149), Tongji University (49), and Harbin Institute of Technology (40) from China are the most contributive institutions. China and USA played central roles in cross-national cooperation, but the top three Chinese institutions displayed limited vitality in overseas communication. Rsc Advances (108) was the most productive journal followed by Desalination (97) and Desalination and Water Treatment (96). The research direction of NNs in wastewater treatment was bound up with new NNs. Novel preparation methods and nanostructures were powerful impetus for its progress. Nanomaterials like graphene, nanotube, magnetic nanoparticle, and silver nanoparticle were hotpots in this field. Current and potential application of NNs in wastewater treatment as well as challenges were reviewed based on bibliometric results. This study also provided researchers future-minded advice about research topic selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092 China
| | - Yun Qi
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, No. 92, Weijin Rd., Nankai District, Tianjin, 300072 China
| | - Huan Liu
- China’ Three Gorges Projects Development Co., Ltd, No. 288, Fucheng Avenue, High-tech District, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan China
| | - Yinguang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092 China
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8
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Choi Y, Hwang JH, Lee SY. Recent Trends in Nanomaterials-Based Colorimetric Detection of Pathogenic Bacteria and Viruses. SMALL METHODS 2018; 2:1700351. [PMID: 32328530 PMCID: PMC7169612 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.201700351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Rapid, sensitive, selective, convenient, and cost-effective pathogen diagnosis is important to prevent further spread of pandemic diseases, minimize social and economic losses, and to facilitate right clinical therapy. Over the past few years, various sensor-based diagnostic systems outperforming conventional pathogenic diagnostic assays have been developed. Among them, colorimetric biosensors detecting target molecules by the naked eye have attracted much attention due to their simplicity, practicality, and cost-effectiveness. Recently, nanomaterials have been adopted as a versatile signal transduction and amplification tool for rapid and sensitive detection of pathogenic bacteria and viruses. Here, recent trends and advances are reviewed in detecting and diagnosing pathogenic bacteria and viruses using colorimetric biosensors employing various nanomaterials. In addition, it is discussed how nanomaterials and bioreceptors can be better integrated together to develop rapid and sensitive colorimetric detection system in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoojin Choi
- Metabolic and Biomolecular Engineering National Research LaboratoryDepartment of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21 Plus Program), and Institute for the BioCenturyKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology291 Daehak‐roYuseong‐guDaejeon34141Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyeon Hwang
- Metabolic and Biomolecular Engineering National Research LaboratoryDepartment of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21 Plus Program), and Institute for the BioCenturyKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology291 Daehak‐roYuseong‐guDaejeon34141Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Yup Lee
- Metabolic and Biomolecular Engineering National Research LaboratoryDepartment of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21 Plus Program), and Institute for the BioCenturyKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology291 Daehak‐roYuseong‐guDaejeon34141Republic of Korea
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9
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Zhu B, Xia X, Zhang S, Tang Y. Attenuation of bacterial cytotoxicity of carbon nanotubes by riverine suspended solids in water. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 234:581-589. [PMID: 29223815 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.11.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The impact of solid particles on ecotoxicity of nanomaterials in water environments is poorly understood. This study investigated the effect of natural riverine suspended solids (SPS) on the cytotoxicity of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) towards a bacterium, Ochrobactrum sp. in water. Compared with SWCNT suspension without SPS, the presence of SPS at different concentrations ranging from 20 to 400 mg L-1 markedly increased the survival rates of bacteria exposed to 50 mg L-1 SWCNTs and bacterial survival rates increased with SPS concentrations by a power law. Sedimentation experiments and field emission scanning electron microscopy revealed the occurrence of heteroaggregation between SWCNTs and SPS, probably responsible for the reduced SWCNT toxicity. Furthermore, the extended Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (ExDLVO) calculation showed the mitigated toxicity might also result from the decreased SWCNT-bacterium interaction energy with the increased SPS concentrations and the stronger SPS-SWCNT interaction than the SWCNT-bacterium interaction. This work provides new insights into our understanding of environmental hazards of engineered nanomaterials in aquatic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baotong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xinghui Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Sibo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yuchen Tang
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol BS82AA, United Kingdom
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10
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Lee BY, Kim J, Kim WJ, Kim JK. Dual functional membrane capable of both visual sensing and blocking of waterborne virus. J Memb Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2017.10.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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11
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Wang L, Dandy DS. High-Throughput Inertial Focusing of Micrometer- and Sub-Micrometer-Sized Particles Separation. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2017; 4:1700153. [PMID: 29051857 PMCID: PMC5644225 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201700153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 04/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The ability to study individual bacteria or subcellular organelles using inertial microfluidics is still nascent. This is due, in no small part, to the significant challenges associated with concentrating and separating specific sizes of micrometer and sub-micrometer bioparticles in a microfluidic format. In this study, using a rigid polymeric microfluidic network with optimized microchannel geometry dimensions, it is demonstrated that 2 µm, and even sub-micrometer, particles can be continuously and accurately focused to stable equilibrium positions. Suspensions have been processed at flow rates up to 1400 µL min-1 in an ultrashort 4 mm working channel length. A wide range of suspension concentrations-from 0.01 to 1 v/v%-have been systematically investigated, with yields greater than 97%, demonstrating the potential of this technology for large-scale implementation. Additionally, the ability of this chip to separate micrometer- and sub-micrometer-sized particles and to focus bioparticles (cyanobacteria) has been demonstrated. This study pushes the microfluidic inertial focusing particle range down to sub-micrometer length scales, enabling novel routes for investigation of individual microorganisms and subcellular organelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- School of Biomedical EngineeringColorado State University80523Fort CollinsCOUSA
| | - David S. Dandy
- School of Biomedical EngineeringColorado State University80523Fort CollinsCOUSA
- Chemical and Biological EngineeringColorado State University80523Fort CollinsCOUSA
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12
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Rajwani A, Restall B, Muller NJ, Roebuck S, Willerth SM. An Affordable Microsphere-Based Device for Visual Assessment of Water Quality. BIOSENSORS 2017; 7:E31. [PMID: 28783063 PMCID: PMC5618037 DOI: 10.3390/bios7030031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2017] [Revised: 07/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This work developed a prototype of an affordable, long-term water quality detection device that provides a visual readout upon detecting bacterial contamination. This device prototype consists of: (1) enzyme-releasing microspheres that lyse bacteria present in a sample, (2) microspheres that release probes that bind the DNA of the lysed bacteria, and (3) a detector region consisting of gold nanoparticles. The probes bind bacterial DNA, forming complexes. These complexes induce aggregation of the gold nanoparticles located in the detector region. The nanoparticle aggregation process causes a red to blue color change, providing a visual indicator of contamination being detected. Our group fabricated and characterized microspheres made of poly (ε-caprolactone) that released lysozyme (an enzyme that degrades bacterial cell walls) and hairpin DNA probes that bind to regions of the Escherichiacoli genome over a 28-day time course. The released lysozyme retained its ability to lyse bacteria. We then showed that combining these components with gold nanoparticles followed by exposure to an E. coli-contaminated water sample (concentrations tested-10⁶ and 10⁸ cells/mL) resulted in a dramatic red to blue color change. Overall, this device represents a novel low-cost system for long term detection of bacteria in a water supply and other applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azra Rajwani
- Biomedical Engineering program, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada.
| | - Brendon Restall
- Biomedical Engineering program, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada.
| | - Nathan J Muller
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada.
| | - Scott Roebuck
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada.
| | - Stephanie M Willerth
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada.
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada.
- Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada.
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Size- and shape-controlled synthesis of well-organised carbon nanotubes using nanoporous anodic alumina with different pore diameters. J Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 491:375-389. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2016.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Revised: 12/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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14
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Porous Silicon-Based Biosensors: Towards Real-Time Optical Detection of Target Bacteria in the Food Industry. Sci Rep 2016; 6:38099. [PMID: 27901131 PMCID: PMC5128872 DOI: 10.1038/srep38099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapid detection of target bacteria is crucial to provide a safe food supply and to prevent foodborne diseases. Herein, we present an optical biosensor for identification and quantification of Escherichia coli (E. coli, used as a model indicator bacteria species) in complex food industry process water. The biosensor is based on a nanostructured, oxidized porous silicon (PSi) thin film which is functionalized with specific antibodies against E. coli. The biosensors were exposed to water samples collected directly from process lines of fresh-cut produce and their reflectivity spectra were collected in real time. Process water were characterized by complex natural micro-flora (microbial load of >107 cell/mL), in addition to soil particles and plant cell debris. We show that process water spiked with culture-grown E. coli, induces robust and predictable changes in the thin-film optical interference spectrum of the biosensor. The latter is ascribed to highly specific capture of the target cells onto the biosensor surface, as confirmed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The biosensors were capable of selectively identifying and quantifying the target cells, while the target cell concentration is orders of magnitude lower than that of other bacterial species, without any pre-enrichment or prior processing steps.
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15
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Gold nanoprobe functionalized with specific fusion protein selection from phage display and its application in rapid, selective and sensitive colorimetric biosensing of Staphylococcus aureus. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 82:195-203. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.03.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2016] [Revised: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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