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Harrison DM, Briffa SM, Mazzonello A, Valsami-Jones E. A Review of the Aquatic Environmental Transformations of Engineered Nanomaterials. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2098. [PMID: 37513109 PMCID: PMC10385082 DOI: 10.3390/nano13142098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Once released into the environment, engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) undergo complex interactions and transformations that determine their fate, exposure concentration, form, and likely impact on biota. Transformations are physical, chemical, or biological changes that occur to the ENM or the ENM coating. Over time, these transformations have an impact on their behaviour and properties. The interactions and transformations of ENMs in the environment depend on their pristine physical and chemical characteristics and the environmental or biological compartment into which they are released. The uniqueness of each ENM property or lifecycle results in a great deal of complexity. Even small changes may have a significant impact on their potential transformations. This review outlines the key influences and outcomes of ENM evolution pathways in aquatic environments and provides an assessment of potential environmental transformations, focusing on key chemical, physical, and biological processes. By obtaining a comprehensive understanding of the potential environmental transformations that nanomaterials can undergo, more realistic models of their probable environmental behaviour and potential impact can be developed. This will, in turn, be crucial in supporting regulatory bodies in their efforts to develop environmental policy in the field of nanotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Mark Harrison
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Sophie M Briffa
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
- Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malta, MSD 2080 Msida, Malta
| | - Antonino Mazzonello
- Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malta, MSD 2080 Msida, Malta
| | - Eugenia Valsami-Jones
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
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2
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Thacharon A, Jang W, Kim J, Kang J, Kim Y, Kim SW. Non-Oxidized Bare Metal Nanoparticles in Air: A Rational Approach for Large-Scale Synthesis via Wet Chemical Process. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2201756. [PMID: 35869036 PMCID: PMC9475554 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202201756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Metal nanoparticles (MeNPs) have been used in various industrial applications, owing to their unique physical and chemical properties different from the bulk counterparts. However, the natural oxidation of MeNPs is an imminent hindrance to their widespread applications despite much research efforts to prevent it. Here, a rational approach for non-oxidized bare MeNPs in air, which requires no additional surface passivation treatment is reported. The direct synthetic route uses the [Gd2 C]2+ · 2e- electride as an exceptional electron-donating agent to reduce diverse metal precursors in alcoholic solvents. All synthesized bare Cu, Ag, and Sn nanoparticles are ultra-stable in ambient air, exhibiting no trace of metal oxides even on their outermost atomic layer. This unique resistance to oxidation is ascribed to the accumulation of excess electrons on the surface of bare MeNPs, which originates from the spontaneous transfer of anionic electrons from the electride during the nanoparticle growth process. This approach provides not only a revolutionary scheme to obtain MeNPs with non-passivated and non-oxidized surfaces, but also fundamental knowledge about metal oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athira Thacharon
- Department of Energy ScienceSungkyunkwan UniversitySuwon16419Republic of Korea
| | - Woo‐Sung Jang
- Department of Energy ScienceSungkyunkwan UniversitySuwon16419Republic of Korea
| | - Jihyun Kim
- School of Advanced Materials Science and EngineeringSungkyunkwan UniversitySuwon16419Republic of Korea
| | - Joohoon Kang
- School of Advanced Materials Science and EngineeringSungkyunkwan UniversitySuwon16419Republic of Korea
| | - Young‐Min Kim
- Department of Energy ScienceSungkyunkwan UniversitySuwon16419Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Wng Kim
- Department of Energy ScienceSungkyunkwan UniversitySuwon16419Republic of Korea
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3
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Insights on the Dynamics and Toxicity of Nanoparticles in Environmental Matrices. Bioinorg Chem Appl 2022; 2022:4348149. [PMID: 35959228 PMCID: PMC9357770 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4348149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The manufacturing rate of nanoparticles (10–100 nm) is steadily increasing due to their extensive applications in the fabrication of nanoproducts related to pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, medical devices, paints and pigments, energy storage etc. An increase in research related to nanotechnology is also a cause for the production and disposal of nanomaterials at the lab scale. As a result, contamination of environmental matrices with nanoparticles becomes inevitable, and the understanding of the risk of nanoecotoxicology is getting larger attention. In this context, focusing on the environmental hazards is essential. Hence, this manuscript aims to review the toxic effects of nanoparticles on soil, water, aquatic, and terrestrial organisms. The effects of toxicity on vertebrates, invertebrates, and plants and the source of exposure, environmental and biological dynamics, and the adverse effects of some nanoparticles are discussed.
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Jiang C, Liu S, Zhang T, Liu Q, Alvarez PJJ, Chen W. Current Methods and Prospects for Analysis and Characterization of Nanomaterials in the Environment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:7426-7447. [PMID: 35584364 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c08011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Analysis and characterization of naturally occurring and engineered nanomaterials in the environment are critical for understanding their environmental behaviors and defining real exposure scenarios for environmental risk assessment. However, this is challenging primarily due to the low concentration, structural heterogeneity, and dynamic transformation of nanomaterials in complex environmental matrices. In this critical review, we first summarize sample pretreatment methods developed for separation and preconcentration of nanomaterials from environmental samples, including natural waters, wastewater, soils, sediments, and biological media. Then, we review the state-of-the-art microscopic, spectroscopic, mass spectrometric, electrochemical, and size-fractionation methods for determination of mass and number abundance, as well as the morphological, compositional, and structural properties of nanomaterials, with discussion on their advantages and limitations. Despite recent advances in detecting and characterizing nanomaterials in the environment, challenges remain to improve the analytical sensitivity and resolution and to expand the method applications. It is important to develop methods for simultaneous determination of multifaceted nanomaterial properties for in situ analysis and characterization of nanomaterials under dynamic environmental conditions and for detection of nanoscale contaminants of emerging concern (e.g., nanoplastics and biological nanoparticles), which will greatly facilitate the standardization of nanomaterial analysis and characterization methods for environmental samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanjia Jiang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Rd., Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Songlin Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Rd., Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Rd., Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Qian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Pedro J J Alvarez
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Wei Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Rd., Tianjin 300350, China
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5
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Baalousha M, Sikder M, Poulin BA, Tfaily MM, Hess NJ. Natural organic matter composition and nanomaterial surface coating determine the nature of platinum nanomaterial-natural organic matter corona. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 806:150477. [PMID: 34563904 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Natural organic matter corona (NOM corona) is an interfacial area between nanomaterials (NMs) and the surrounding environment, which gives rise to NMs' unique surface identity. While the importance of the formation of natural organic matter (NOM) corona on engineered nanomaterials (NMs) to NM behavior, fate, and toxicity has been well-established, the understanding of how NOM molecular properties affect NOM corona composition remains elusive due to the complexity and heterogeneity of NOM. This is further complicated by the variation of NOMs from different origins. Here we use eight NOM isolates of different molecular composition and ultrahigh resolution Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance-mass spectrometry (ESI-FT-ICR-MS) to determine the molecular composition of platinum NM-NOM corona as a function of NOM composition and NM surface coating. We observed that the composition of PtNM-NOM corona varied with the composition of the original NOM. The percentage of NOM formulas that formed PVP-PtNM-NOM corona was higher than those formed citrate-PtNM-NOM corona, due to increased sorption of NOM formulas, in particular condensed hydrocarbons, to the PVP coating. The relative abundance of heteroatom formulas (CHON, CHOS, and CHOP) was higher in the PVP-PtNM-NOM corona than in citrate-PtNM-corona which was in turn higher than those in the original NOM isolate, indicating preferential partitioning of heteroatom-rich molecules to NM surfaces. The relative abundance of CHO, CHON, CHOS, CHOP and condensed hydrocarbons in PtNM-NOM corona increased with their increase in NOM isolates. Furthermore, PtNM-NOM corona is rich with compounds with high molecular weight. This study demonstrates that the composition and properties of PtNM-NOM corona depend on NOM molecular properties and PtNM surface coating. The results here provide evidence of molecular interactions between NOM and NMs, which are critical to understanding NM colloidal properties (e.g., surface charge and stability), interaction forces (e.g., van der Waals and hydrophobic), environmental behaviors (e.g., aggregation, dissolution, sulfidation, etc.), and biological effects (e.g., uptake, bioaccumulation, and toxicity).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Baalousha
- South Carolina SmartState Center for Environmental Nanoscience and Risk (CENR), Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.
| | - Mithun Sikder
- South Carolina SmartState Center for Environmental Nanoscience and Risk (CENR), Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Brett A Poulin
- U. S. Geological Survey, Boulder, CO 80303, USA; Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Malak M Tfaily
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA; Department of Environmental Science, University of Arizona, AZ, USA 85721
| | - Nancy J Hess
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
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6
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Pryshchepa O, Pomastowski P, Buszewski B. Silver nanoparticles: Synthesis, investigation techniques, and properties. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 284:102246. [PMID: 32977142 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2020.102246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The unique silver properties, especially in the form of nanoparticles (NPs), allow to utilize them in numerous applications. For instance, Ag NPs can be utilized for the production of electronic and solar energy harvesting devices, in advanced analytical techniques (NALDI, SERS), catalysis and photocatalysis. Moreover, the Ag NPs can be useful in medicine for bioimaging, biosensing as well as in antibacterial and anticancer therapies. The Ag NPs utilization requires comprehensive knowledge about their features regarding the synthesis approaches as well as exploitation conditions. Unfortunately, a large number of scientific articles provide only restricted information according to the objects under investigation. Additionally, the results could be affected by artifacts introduced with exploited equipment, the utilized technique or sample preparation stages. However, it is rather difficult to get information about problems, which may occur during the studies. Thus, the review provides information about novel trends in the Ag NPs synthesis, among which the physical, chemical, and biological approaches can be found. Basic information about approaches for the control of critical parameters of NPs, i.e. size and shape, was also revealed. It was shown, that the reducing agent, stabilizer, the synthesis environment, including trace ions, have a direct impact on the Ag NPs properties. Further, the capabilities of modern analytical techniques for Ag NPs and nanocomposites investigations were shown, among other microscopic (optical, TEM, SEM, STEM, AFM), spectroscopic (UV-Vis, IR, Raman, NMR, electron spectroscopy, XRD), spectrometric (MALDI-TOF MS, SIMS, ICP-MS), and separation (CE, FFF, gel electrophoresis) techniques were described. The limitations and possible artifacts of the techniques were mentioned. A large number of presented techniques is a distinguishing feature, which makes the review different from others. Finally, the physicochemical and biological properties of Ag NPs were demonstrated. It was shown, that Ag NPs features are dependent on their basic parameters, such as size, shape, chemical composition, etc. At the end of the review, the modern theories of the Ag NPs toxic mechanism were shown in a way that has never been presented before. The review should be helpful for scientists in their own studies, as it can help to prepare experiments more carefully.
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7
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Sokołowska K, Luan Z, Hulkko E, Rameshan C, Barrabés N, Apkarian VA, Lahtinen T. Chemically Selective Imaging of Individual Bonds through Scanning Electron Energy-Loss Spectroscopy: Disulfide Bridges Linking Gold Nanoclusters. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:796-799. [PMID: 31939675 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b03496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
As proof-of-principle of chemically selective, spatially resolved imaging of individual bonds, we carry out electron energy-loss spectroscopy in a scanning transmission electron microscopy instrument on atomically precise, thiolate-coated gold nanoclusters linked with 5,5'-bis(mercaptomethyl)-2,2'-bipyridine dithiol ligands. The images allow the identification of bridging disulfide bonds (R-S-S-R) between clusters, and X-ray photoelectron spectra support the finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Sokołowska
- Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center , University of Jyväskylä , P.O. Box 35, 40014 Jyväskylä , Finland
| | - Zhongyue Luan
- Department of Material Science and Engineering , University of California, Irvine , Irvine , California 92697 , United States
| | - Eero Hulkko
- Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center , University of Jyväskylä , P.O. Box 35, 40014 Jyväskylä , Finland
- Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering , Aalto University , P.O. BOX 11000, FI-00076 Espoo , Finland
| | - Christoph Rameshan
- Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Institute of Materials Chemistry , Technische Universität Wien , 1060 Vienna , Austria
| | - Noelia Barrabés
- Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Institute of Materials Chemistry , Technische Universität Wien , 1060 Vienna , Austria
| | - Vartkess A Apkarian
- Department of Chemistry , University of California, Irvine , Irvine , California 92697 , United States
| | - Tanja Lahtinen
- Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center , University of Jyväskylä , P.O. Box 35, 40014 Jyväskylä , Finland
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8
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Carrazco-Quevedo A, Römer I, Salamanca MJ, Poynter A, Lynch I, Valsami-Jones E. Bioaccumulation and toxic effects of nanoparticulate and ionic silver in Saccostrea glomerata (rock oyster). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 179:127-134. [PMID: 31030055 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The increasing production of Ag nanoparticle (AgNP) containing products has inevitably led to a growing concern about their release into the aquatic environment, along with their potential behaviour, toxicity, and bioaccumulation in marine organisms exposed to NPs released from these products. Hence, this study is focused on the effects of AgNPs in Saccostrea glomerata (rock oyster) in artificial seawater (ASW); evaluating the NP's stability, dissolution, and bioaccumulation rate. AgNPs NM300K (20 ± 5 nm) in concentrations of 12.5 μgL-1 and 125 μgL-1 were used to conduct the experiments, and were compared to a blank and a positive control of 12.5 μgL-1 AgNO3. Dissolution in ASW was measured by ICP-OES and stability was assessed by TEM after 1 h and 3, 5, and 7 days of exposure. Bioaccumulation in gills and digestive glands was measured after 7 days of exposure. The higher concentration of AgNPs induced more aggregation, underwent less dissolution, and showed less bioaccumulation, while the lower concentration showed less aggregation, more dissolution and higher bioaccumulation. Five biomarkers (EROD: ethoxyresorufin-o-deethylase, DNA strand breaks, LPO: lipid peroxidation, GST: glutathione S-transferase and GR: glutathione reductase) were analysed at 0, 3, 5 and 7 days. Significant differences compared to the initial day of exposure (day 0) were reported in DNA strand breaks after 5 and 7 days of exposure, GST, from the third day of exposure, in all the Ag samples, and in some samples for LPO and GR biomarkers, while no significant induction of EROD was observed. A combined effect for each type of treatment and time of exposure was also reported for DNA strand breaks and GST biomarkers measured at the digestive glands. In general, the significant inductions measured showed the following trend: 125 μgL-1 AgNPs >12.5 μgL-1 AgNPs ∼12.5 μgL-1 AgNO3 even though bioaccumulation followed the opposite trend.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carrazco-Quevedo
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Isabella Römer
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Maria J Salamanca
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Alexander Poynter
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Iseult Lynch
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Eugenia Valsami-Jones
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
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9
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Ponton DE, Croteau MN, Luoma SN, Pourhoseini S, Merrifield RC, Lead JR. Three-layered silver nanoparticles to trace dissolution and association to a green alga. Nanotoxicology 2019; 13:1149-1160. [PMID: 31284796 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2019.1640912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Core-shell silver nanoparticles (NPs) consisting of an inner Ag core and successive layers of Au and Ag (Ag@Au@Ag) were used to measure the simultaneous association of Ag NPs and ionic Ag by the green alga Chlamydomonas (C.) reinhardtii. Dissolution of the inner Ag core was prevented by a gold (Au) layer, while the outer Ag layer was free to dissolve. In short-term experiments, we exposed C. reinhardtii to a range of environmentally realistic Ag concentrations added as AgNO3 or as NPs. Results provide three lines of evidence for the greater cell-association of NPs compared to dissolved Ag over the concentration range tested, assuming that cell-association comprises both uptake and adsorption. First, the cell-association rate constants (kuw) for total Ag (AgNP+D), NPs (AgNP) and AuNP were similar and 2.2-fold higher than the one from AgD exposure, suggesting predominant association of the particles over the dissolved form. Second, model calculations based on Ag fluxes suggested that only 6-33% of algal burden was from AgD. Third, the significantly lower AgNP/Au ratio measured with the algae after exposure (2.1 ± 0.1) compared to the AgNP/Au ratio of the NPs in the media (2.47 ± 0.05) suggests cell-association of NPs depleted in Ag. Core-shell NPs provide an innovative tool to understand NP behavior and to directly delineate Ag accumulation from ion and NPs in aquatic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic E Ponton
- United State Geological Survey , Menlo Park , CA , USA.,Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Center for Environmental Nanoscience and Risk, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina , Columbia , SC , USA
| | | | - Samuel N Luoma
- United State Geological Survey , Menlo Park , CA , USA.,John Muir Institute of the Environment, University of California Davis , Davis , CA , USA
| | - Sahar Pourhoseini
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Center for Environmental Nanoscience and Risk, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina , Columbia , SC , USA
| | - Ruth C Merrifield
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Center for Environmental Nanoscience and Risk, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina , Columbia , SC , USA
| | - Jamie R Lead
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Center for Environmental Nanoscience and Risk, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina , Columbia , SC , USA
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10
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Römer I, Briffa SM, Arroyo Rojas Dasilva Y, Hapiuk D, Trouillet V, Palmer RE, Valsami-Jones E. Impact of particle size, oxidation state and capping agent of different cerium dioxide nanoparticles on the phosphate-induced transformations at different pH and concentration. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0217483. [PMID: 31173616 PMCID: PMC6555525 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential hazard posed by nanomaterials can be significantly influenced by transformations which these materials undergo during their lifecycle, from manufacturing through to disposal. The transformations may depend on the nanomaterials’ own physicochemical properties as well as the environment they are exposed to. This study focuses on the mechanisms of transformation of cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2 NPs) in laboratory experiments which simulate potential scenarios in which the NPs are exposed to phosphate-bearing media. We have experimented with the transformation of four different kinds of CeO2 NPs, in order to investigate the effects of nanoparticle size, capping agent (three were uncapped and one was PVP capped) and oxidation state (two consisted mostly of Ce4+ and two were a mix of Ce3+/Ce4+). They were exposed to a reaction solution containing KH2PO4, citric acid and ascorbic acid at pH values of 2.3, 5.5 and 12.3, and concentrations of 1mM and 5mM. The transformations were followed by UV-vis, zeta potential and XRD measurements, which were taken after 7 and 21 days, and by transmission electron microscopy after 21 days. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was measured at 5mM concentration after 21 days for some samples. Results show that for pH 5 and 5mM phosphate concentration, CePO4 NPs were formed. Nanoparticles that were mostly Ce4+ did not dissolve at 1mM reagent concentration, and did not produce CePO4 NPs. When PVP was present as a capping agent it proved to be an extra reducing agent, and CePO4 was found under all conditions used. This is the first paper where the transformation of CeO2 NPs in the presence of phosphate has been studied for particles with different size, shapes and capping agents, in a range of different conditions and using many different characterisation methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Römer
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Sophie Marie Briffa
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Yadira Arroyo Rojas Dasilva
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Electron Microscopy Center, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Dimitri Hapiuk
- Nanoscale Physics Research Laboratory, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Vanessa Trouillet
- Institute for Applied Materials (IAM) and Karlsruhe Nano Micro Facility (KNMF), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Richard E. Palmer
- College of Engineering, Swansea University, Bay Campus, Fabian Way, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - Eugenia Valsami-Jones
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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11
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Zhang W, Ke S, Sun C, Xu X, Chen J, Yao L. Fate and toxicity of silver nanoparticles in freshwater from laboratory to realistic environments: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:7390-7404. [PMID: 30673947 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04150-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The fate and risk assessment of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) is an important environmental health issue. The toxic effects, mechanisms, and modes of action of Ag NPs on aquatic organisms have been extensively determined in the laboratory. However, knowledge gaps and discrepancies exist between laboratory studies and realistic environmental research; such inconsistencies hinder the development of health and safety regulations. To bridge these gaps, this review summarizes how environmental conditions and the physicochemical properties of Ag NPs affect the inconsistent findings between laboratory studies and realistic environmental research. Moreover, this paper systematically reviews different toxic effects of Ag NPs in a realistic environment and compares these effects with those in the laboratory, which is helpful for assessing the environmental fate and risk of Ag NPs. The hazardous effects of Ag NPs on the whole aquatic ecosystem with low concentrations (μg L-1) and long-term periods (months to years) are detailed. Furthermore, two perspectives of future toxicity studies of Ag NPs in realistic freshwater environments are emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weicheng Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Water Security for the Water Source Region of Mid-line of the South-to-North Diversion Project of Henan Province, Nanyang Normal University, 1638 Wolong Road, Nanyang, Henan Province, China.
- Henan Key Laboratory of Ecological Security for Water Source Region of Mid-line of South-to-North Diversion Project, Nanyang Normal University, 1638 Wolong Road, Nanyang, Henan Province, China.
| | - Song Ke
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Water Security for the Water Source Region of Mid-line of the South-to-North Diversion Project of Henan Province, Nanyang Normal University, 1638 Wolong Road, Nanyang, Henan Province, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Ecological Security for Water Source Region of Mid-line of South-to-North Diversion Project, Nanyang Normal University, 1638 Wolong Road, Nanyang, Henan Province, China
| | - Caiyun Sun
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Water Security for the Water Source Region of Mid-line of the South-to-North Diversion Project of Henan Province, Nanyang Normal University, 1638 Wolong Road, Nanyang, Henan Province, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Ecological Security for Water Source Region of Mid-line of South-to-North Diversion Project, Nanyang Normal University, 1638 Wolong Road, Nanyang, Henan Province, China
| | - Xin Xu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Water Security for the Water Source Region of Mid-line of the South-to-North Diversion Project of Henan Province, Nanyang Normal University, 1638 Wolong Road, Nanyang, Henan Province, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Ecological Security for Water Source Region of Mid-line of South-to-North Diversion Project, Nanyang Normal University, 1638 Wolong Road, Nanyang, Henan Province, China
| | - Jibao Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Water Security for the Water Source Region of Mid-line of the South-to-North Diversion Project of Henan Province, Nanyang Normal University, 1638 Wolong Road, Nanyang, Henan Province, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Ecological Security for Water Source Region of Mid-line of South-to-North Diversion Project, Nanyang Normal University, 1638 Wolong Road, Nanyang, Henan Province, China
| | - Lunguang Yao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Water Security for the Water Source Region of Mid-line of the South-to-North Diversion Project of Henan Province, Nanyang Normal University, 1638 Wolong Road, Nanyang, Henan Province, China.
- Henan Key Laboratory of Ecological Security for Water Source Region of Mid-line of South-to-North Diversion Project, Nanyang Normal University, 1638 Wolong Road, Nanyang, Henan Province, China.
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12
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Lead JR, Batley GE, Alvarez PJJ, Croteau MN, Handy RD, McLaughlin MJ, Judy JD, Schirmer K. Nanomaterials in the environment: Behavior, fate, bioavailability, and effects-An updated review. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2018; 37:2029-2063. [PMID: 29633323 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 266] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Revised: 01/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The present review covers developments in studies of nanomaterials (NMs) in the environment since our much cited review in 2008. We discuss novel insights into fate and behavior, metrology, transformations, bioavailability, toxicity mechanisms, and environmental impacts, with a focus on terrestrial and aquatic systems. Overall, the findings were that: 1) despite substantial developments, critical gaps remain, in large part due to the lack of analytical, modeling, and field capabilities, and also due to the breadth and complexity of the area; 2) a key knowledge gap is the lack of data on environmental concentrations and dosimetry generally; 3) substantial evidence shows that there are nanospecific effects (different from the effects of both ions and larger particles) on the environment in terms of fate, bioavailability, and toxicity, but this is not consistent for all NMs, species, and relevant processes; 4) a paradigm is emerging that NMs are less toxic than equivalent dissolved materials but more toxic than the corresponding bulk materials; and 5) translation of incompletely understood science into regulation and policy continues to be challenging. There is a developing consensus that NMs may pose a relatively low environmental risk, but because of uncertainty and lack of data in many areas, definitive conclusions cannot be drawn. In addition, this emerging consensus will likely change rapidly with qualitative changes in the technology and increased future discharges. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:2029-2063. © 2018 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie R Lead
- Center for Environmental Nanoscience and Risk, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Graeme E Batley
- Centre for Environmental Contaminants Research, CSIRO Land and Water, Kirrawee, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Pedro J J Alvarez
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | | | | | - Jonathan D Judy
- Soil and Water Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Kristin Schirmer
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Eawag, Dübendorf, Switzerland
- School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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13
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Mourdikoudis S, Pallares RM, Thanh NTK. Characterization techniques for nanoparticles: comparison and complementarity upon studying nanoparticle properties. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:12871-12934. [PMID: 29926865 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr02278j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 587] [Impact Index Per Article: 97.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Nanostructures have attracted huge interest as a rapidly growing class of materials for many applications. Several techniques have been used to characterize the size, crystal structure, elemental composition and a variety of other physical properties of nanoparticles. In several cases, there are physical properties that can be evaluated by more than one technique. Different strengths and limitations of each technique complicate the choice of the most suitable method, while often a combinatorial characterization approach is needed. In addition, given that the significance of nanoparticles in basic research and applications is constantly increasing, it is necessary that researchers from separate fields overcome the challenges in the reproducible and reliable characterization of nanomaterials, after their synthesis and further process (e.g. annealing) stages. The principal objective of this review is to summarize the present knowledge on the use, advances, advantages and weaknesses of a large number of experimental techniques that are available for the characterization of nanoparticles. Different characterization techniques are classified according to the concept/group of the technique used, the information they can provide, or the materials that they are destined for. We describe the main characteristics of the techniques and their operation principles and we give various examples of their use, presenting them in a comparative mode, when possible, in relation to the property studied in each case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanos Mourdikoudis
- Biophysics Group, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
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14
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Lasat MM, Chung KF, Lead J, McGrath S, Owen RJ, Rocks S, Unrine J, Zhang J. Advancing the Understanding of Environmental Transformations, Bioavailability and Effects of Nanomaterials, an International US Environmental Protection Agency-UK Environmental Nanoscience Initiative Joint Program. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 9:385-404. [PMID: 29910967 PMCID: PMC5998674 DOI: 10.4236/jep.2018.94025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Nanotechnology has significant economic, health, and environmental benefits, including renewable energy and innovative environmental solutions. Manufactured nanoparticles have been incorporated into new materials and products because of their novel or enhanced properties. These very same properties also have prompted concerns about the potential environmental and human health hazard and risk posed by the manufactured nanomaterials. Appropriate risk management responses require the development of models capable of predicting the environmental and human health effects of the nanomaterials. Development of predictive models has been hampered by a lack of information concerning the environmental fate, behavior and effects of manufactured nanoparticles. The United Kingdom (UK) Environmental Nanoscience Initiative and the United States (US) Environmental Protection Agency have developed an international research program to enhance the knowledgebase and develop risk-predicting models for manufactured nanoparticles. Here we report selected highlights of the program as it sought to maximize the complementary strengths of the transatlantic scientific communities by funding three integrated US-UK consortia to investigate the transformation of these nanoparticles in terrestrial, aquatic, and atmospheric environment. Research results demonstrate there is a functional relationship between the physicochemical properties of environmentally transformed nanomaterials and their effects and that this relationship is amenable to modeling. In addition, the joint transatlantic program has allowed the leveraging of additional funding, promoting transboundary scientific collaboration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitch M Lasat
- Office of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Washington DC, USA
| | - Kian Fan Chung
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Jamie Lead
- Centre for Environmental Nanoscience and Risk, University of South Carolina, Columbia, USA.,University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, UK
| | | | | | - Sophie Rocks
- Institute for Resilient Futures, Cranfield University, Cranfield, UK
| | - Jason Unrine
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA
| | - Junfeng Zhang
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, USA
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15
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Sikder M, Lead JR, Chandler GT, Baalousha M. A rapid approach for measuring silver nanoparticle concentration and dissolution in seawater by UV-Vis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 618:597-607. [PMID: 28411867 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.04.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Detection and quantification of engineered nanoparticles (NPs) in environmental systems is challenging and requires sophisticated analytical equipment. Furthermore, dissolution is an important environmental transformation process for silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) which affects the size, speciation and concentration of AgNPs in natural water systems. Herein, we present a simple approach for the detection, quantification and measurement of dissolution of PVP-coated AgNPs (PVP-AgNPs) based on monitoring their optical properties (extinction spectra) using UV-vis spectroscopy. The dependence of PVP-AgNPs extinction coefficient (ɛ) and maximum absorbance wavelength (λmax) on NP size was experimentally determined. The concentration, size, and extinction spectra of PVP-AgNPs were characterized during dissolution in 30ppt synthetic seawater. AgNPs concentration was determined as the difference between the total and dissolved Ag concentrations measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS); extinction spectra of PVP-AgNPs were monitored by UV-vis; and size evolution was monitored by atomic force microscopy (AFM) over a period of 96h. Empirical equations for the dependence of maximum absorbance wavelength (λmax) and extinction coefficient (ɛ) on NP size were derived. These empirical formulas were then used to calculate the size and concentration of PVP-AgNPs, and dissolved Ag concentration released from PVP-AgNPs in synthetic seawater at variable particle concentrations (i.e. 25-1500μgL-1) and in natural seawater at particle concentration of 100μgL-1. These results suggest that UV-vis can be used as an easy and quick approach for detection and quantification (size and concentration) of sterically stabilized PVP-AgNPs from their extinction spectra. This approach can also be used to monitor the release of Ag from PVP-AgNPs and the concurrent NP size change. Finally, in seawater, AgNPs dissolve faster and to a higher extent with the decrease in NP concentration toward environmentally relevant concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mithun Sikder
- Center for Environmental Nanoscience and Risk, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Arnold School of Public Health, University South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, United States
| | - Jamie R Lead
- Center for Environmental Nanoscience and Risk, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Arnold School of Public Health, University South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, United States
| | - G Thomas Chandler
- Center for Environmental Nanoscience and Risk, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Arnold School of Public Health, University South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, United States
| | - Mohammed Baalousha
- Center for Environmental Nanoscience and Risk, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Arnold School of Public Health, University South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, United States.
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16
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Zhang W, Xiao B, Fang T. Chemical transformation of silver nanoparticles in aquatic environments: Mechanism, morphology and toxicity. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 191:324-334. [PMID: 29045933 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2017] [Revised: 09/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) have been inevitably introduced into ecological environment during their extensive applications in daily human life. Thermodynamically, Ag NPs are unstable and transform into other species under various aqueous conditions. Ag NPs and their transformation products pose potential threats to environment and humans. However, the complex environmental conditions and transformations of Ag NPs complicate their human health and environmental risk assessment. To bridge the knowledge gap, four essential environmental transformations, oxidative dissolution, sulfidation, chlorination and photoreduction, of Ag NPs are reviewed herein. The mechanism, morphology and size change, as well as the toxicity of Ag NPs during these transformations under certain aqueous conditions are detailed. In particular, these environmental transformations have shown strong correlations that are discussed. The transformation, fate, bioavailability, morphology and toxicity of Ag NPs are critical factors and should be considered in a complete human health and environmental risk assessment of Ag NPs. The fluctuation of these factors in the realistic environment is also vital and should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weicheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Security for Water Source Region of Mid-line of South-to-North Diversion Project of Henan Province, College of Agricultural Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, 473061, China; Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Bangding Xiao
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Tao Fang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China.
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17
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Pettibone JM, Gorham JM, Liu J. Determining surface chemical composition of silver nanoparticles during sulfidation by monitoring the ligand shell. JOURNAL OF NANOPARTICLE RESEARCH : AN INTERDISCIPLINARY FORUM FOR NANOSCALE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2018; 20:10.1007/s11051-018-4410-4. [PMID: 31555056 PMCID: PMC6759992 DOI: 10.1007/s11051-018-4410-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Evaluating the surface and core compositions of transforming nanoparticles (NP) represents a significant measurement challenge but is necessary for predicting performance in applied systems and their toxicity in natural environments. Here, we use X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy to characterize both the surface and core ofpolyvinyl pyrollidone-silver nanoparticles in the presence of two Suwannee River fulvic acid (FA) standards and humic acid (HA) during sulfidation, the predominant transformation pathway in environmental systems. Only by using data from both spectroscopic methods was a clear relationship established between AgNP core composition and FA affinity established, where concomitant loss of FA was observed with Ag2S formation. Using XPS to measure AgNP surface composition, overlapping trends from XPS on FA I desorption from the AgNP surface as function of surface sulfidation were observed with FA II in the ATR-FTIR measurements. The reproducibility of the changing heterogeneous coating as a function of AgNP sulfidation provided a transferable method to determine the extent of Ag sulfidation without further need for the high resolution, high cost measurement tools that underpinned validation of the method. The relationship was not observed for HA, where a lower affinity to the AgNP surface was observed, suggesting distinct binding to the NP.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Pettibone
- Material Measurement Science Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Justin M Gorham
- Material Measurement Science Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Jingyu Liu
- Material Measurement Science Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
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18
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Merrifield RC, Arkill KP, Palmer RE, Lead JR. A High Resolution Study of Dynamic Changes of Ce 2O 3 and CeO 2 Nanoparticles in Complex Environmental Media. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:8010-8016. [PMID: 28618231 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b01130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Ceria nanoparticles (NPs) rapidly and easily cycle between Ce(III) and Ce(IV) oxidation states, making them prime candidates for commercial and other applications. Increased commercial use has resulted in increased discharge to the environment and increased associated risk. Once in complex media such as environmental waters or toxicology exposure media, the same redox transformations can occur, causing altered behavior and effects compared to the pristine NPs. This study used high resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy and electron energy loss spectroscopy to investigate changes in structure and oxidation state of small, polymer-coated ceria suspensions in complex media. NPs initially in either the III or IV oxidation states, but otherwise identical, were used. Ce(IV) NPs were changed to mixed (III, IV) NPs at high ionic strengths, while the presence of natural organic macromolecules (NOM) stabilized the oxidation state and increased crystallinity. The Ce(III) NPs remained as Ce(III) at high ionic strengths, but were modified by the presence of NOM, causing reduced crystallinity and degradation of the NPs. Subtle changes to NP properties upon addition to environmental or ecotoxicology media suggest that there may be small but important effects on fate and effects of NPs compared to their pristine form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth C Merrifield
- Department of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham , Birmingham, U.K
- Center for Environmental Nanoscience and Risk, University of South Carolina , Columbia, South Carolina United States
| | - Kenton P Arkill
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham , Nottingham, U.K
- CSIC UPV/EHU and PiE, University of the Basque Country , Lejona, Spain
| | - Richard E Palmer
- Nanoscale Physics Research Laboratory, Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham , Birmingham, U.K
| | - Jamie R Lead
- Department of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham , Birmingham, U.K
- Center for Environmental Nanoscience and Risk, University of South Carolina , Columbia, South Carolina United States
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19
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Martínez L, Mayoral A, Espiñeira M, Roman E, Palomares FJ, Huttel Y. Core@shell, Au@TiO x nanoparticles by gas phase synthesis. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:6463-6470. [PMID: 28466930 PMCID: PMC5509011 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr01148b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Herein, gas phase synthesis and characterization of multifunctional core@shell, Au@TiOx nanoparticles have been reported. The nanoparticles were produced via a one-step process using a multiple-ion cluster source under a controlled environment that guaranteed the purity of the nanoparticles. The growth of the Au cores (6 nm diameter) is stopped when they pass through the Ti plasma where they are covered by an ultra-thin (1 nm thick) and homogeneous titanium shell that is oxidized in-flight before the soft-landing of the nanoparticles. The Au cores were found to be highly crystalline with icosahedral (44%) and decahedral (66%) structures, whereas the shell, mainly composed of TiO2 (79%), was not ordered. The highly electrical insulating behaviour of the titanium oxide shell was confirmed by the charging effect produced during X-ray photoemission spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Martínez
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), C/Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz, 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
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20
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Merrifield RC, Stephan C, Lead J. Determining the Concentration Dependent Transformations of Ag Nanoparticles in Complex Media: Using SP-ICP-MS and Au@Ag Core-Shell Nanoparticles as Tracers. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:3206-3213. [PMID: 28248517 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b05178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The fate, behavior, and impact of engineered nanoparticles (NPs) in toxicological and environmental media are driven by complex processes which are difficult to quantify. A key limitation is the ability to perform measurements at low and environmentally relevant concentrations, since concentration may be a key factor determining fate and effects. Here, we use single particle inductively coupled mass spectroscopy (SP-ICP-MS) to measure directly NP diameter and particle number concentration of suspensions containing gold-silver core-shell (Au@Ag) NPs in EPA moderately hard water (MHW) and MHW containing 2.5 mg L-1 Suwannee River fulvic acid. The Au core of the Au@Ag NPs acts as an internal standard, and aids in the analysis of the complex Ag transformations. The high sensitivity of SP-ICP-MS, along with the Au@Ag NPs, enabled us to track the NP transformations in the range 0.01 and 50 μg L-1, without further sample preparation. On the basis of the analysis of both Au and Ag parameters (size, size distribution, and particle number), concentration was shown to be a key factor in NP behavior. At higher concentration, NPs were in an aggregation-dominated regime, while at the lower and environmentally representative concentrations, dissolution of Ag was dominant and aggregation was negligible. In addition, further formation of ionic silver as Ag NPs in the form of AgS or AgCl was shown to occur. Between 1 and 10 μg L-1, both aggregation and dissolution were important. The results suggest that, under realistic conditions, the role of NP homoaggregation may be minimal. In addition, the complexity of exposure and dose in dose-response relationships is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth C Merrifield
- CENR, University of South Carolina , Columbia, South Carolina United States
| | - Chady Stephan
- PerkinElmer , 501 Rowntree Dairy Road Unit 6, Woodbridge, Ontario L4L8H1, Canada
| | - Jamie Lead
- CENR, University of South Carolina , Columbia, South Carolina United States
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21
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Effect of nanomaterial and media physicochemical properties on Ag NM aggregation kinetics. J Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 487:192-200. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2016.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 10/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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22
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Liu J, Römer I, Tang SVY, Valsami-Jones E, Palmer RE. Crystallinity depends on choice of iron salt precursor in the continuous hydrothermal synthesis of Fe–Co oxide nanoparticles. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra06647c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of Fe–Co oxide nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by a continuous hydrothermal method using iron nitrate and ammonium iron citrate as alternative iron precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Liu
- Nanoscale Physics Research Laboratory
- School of Physics and Astronomy
- University of Birmingham
- Birmingham B15 2TT
- UK
| | - Isabella Römer
- School of Geography
- Earth and Environmental Sciences
- University of Birmingham
- Birmingham
- UK
| | | | - Eugenia Valsami-Jones
- School of Geography
- Earth and Environmental Sciences
- University of Birmingham
- Birmingham
- UK
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