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Lin Y, Li G, Rivera MS, Jiang T, Cotto I, Carpenter CMG, Rich SL, Giese RW, Helbling DE, Padilla IY, Rosario-Pabón Z, Alshawabkeh AN, Pinto A, Gu AZ. Long-term impact of Hurricane Maria on point-of-use drinking water quality in Puerto Rico and associated potential adverse health effects. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 265:122213. [PMID: 39173351 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.122213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
Drinking water security in Puerto Rico (PR) is increasingly challenged by both regulated and emerging anthropogenic contaminants, which was exacerbated by the Hurricane Maria (HM) due to impaired regional water cycle and damaged water infrastructure. Leveraging the NIEHS PROTECT (Puerto Rico Testsite for Exploring Contamination Threats) cohort, this study assessed the long-term tap water (TW) quality changes from March 2018 to November 2018 after HM in PR, by innovatively integrating two different effect-based quantitative toxicity assays with a targeted analysis of 200 organic and 22 inorganic pollutants. Post-hurricane PR TW quality showed recovery after >6-month period as indicated by the decreased number of contaminants showing elevated average concentrations relative to pre-hurricane samples, with significant difference of both chemical and toxicity levels between northern and southern PR. Molecular toxicity profiling and correlation revealed that the HM-accelerated releases of certain pesticides and PPCPs could exert increased cellular oxidative and/or AhR (aryl hydrocarbon receptor)-mediated activities that may persist for more than six months after HM. Maximum cumulative ratio and adverse outcome pathway (AOP) assessment identified the top ranked detected TW contaminants (Cu, Sr, V, perfluorooctanoic acid) that potentially associated with different adverse health effects such as inflammation, impaired reproductive systems, cancers/tumors, and/or organ toxicity. These insights can be incorporated into the regulatory framework for post-disaster risk assessment, guiding water quality control and management for public health protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yishan Lin
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, China; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Guangyu Li
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Maria Sevillano Rivera
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Irmarie Cotto
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Corey M G Carpenter
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Stephanie L Rich
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Roger W Giese
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Damian E Helbling
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Ingrid Y Padilla
- Department of Civil Engineering and Surveying, University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez, Puerto Rico 00682, United States
| | - Zaira Rosario-Pabón
- University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00936, United States
| | - Akram N Alshawabkeh
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ameet Pinto
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - April Z Gu
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States.
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2
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Jiang T, Hou L, Rahman SM, Gong Z, Bai X, Vulpe C, Fasullo M, Gu AZ. Amplified and distinctive genotoxicity of titanium dioxide nanoparticles in transformed yeast reporters with human cytochrome P450 (CYP) genes. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 474:134850. [PMID: 38850947 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (nTiO2) have been considered a possible carcinogen to humans, but most existing studies have overlooked the role of human enzymes in assessing the genotoxicity of nTiO2. Here, a toxicogenomics-based in vitro genotoxicity assay using a GFP-fused yeast reporter library was employed to elucidate the genotoxic potential and mechanisms of nTiO2. Moreover, two new GFP-fused yeast reporter libraries containing either human CYP1A1 or CYP1A2 genes were constructed by transformation to investigate the potential modulation of nTiO2 genotoxicity in the presence of human CYP enzymes. This study found a lack of appreciable nTiO2 genotoxicity as indicated by the yeast reporter library in the absence of CYP expression but a significantly elevated indication of genotoxicity in either CYP1A1- or CYP1A2-expressing yeast. The intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) measurement indicated significantly higher ROS in yeast expressing either enzyme. The detected mitochondrial DNA damage suggested mitochondria as one of the target sites for oxidative damage by nTiO2 in the presence of either one of the CYP enzymes. The results thus indicated that the genotoxicity of nTiO2 was enhanced by human CYP1A1 or CYP1A2 enzyme and was associated with elevated oxidative stress, which suggested that the similar mechanisms could occur in human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Jiang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Environmental and Sustainable Engineering, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12222, USA
| | - Liyuan Hou
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA; Utah Water Research Laboratory, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA
| | - Sheikh Mokhlesur Rahman
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Civil Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, BUET Central Road, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Zixuan Gong
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London LND SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Xueke Bai
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Christopher Vulpe
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Michael Fasullo
- Department of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12222, USA
| | - April Z Gu
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
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3
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Xue B, Yang Q, Jin Y, Zhu Q, Lan J, Lin Y, Tan J, Liu L, Zhang T, Chirwa EMN, Zhou X. Genotoxicity Assessment of Haloacetaldehyde Disinfection Byproducts via a Simplified Yeast-Based Toxicogenomics Assay. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:16823-16833. [PMID: 37874250 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c04956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Haloacetaldehydes (HALs) represent the third-largest category of disinfection byproducts (DBPs) in drinking water in terms of weight. As a subset of unregulated DBPs, only a few HALs have undergone assessment, yielding limited information regarding their genotoxicity mechanisms. Herein, we developed a simplified yeast-based toxicogenomics assay to evaluate the genotoxicity of five specific HALs. This assay recorded the protein expression profiles of eight Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains fused with green fluorescent protein, including all known DNA damage and repair pathways. High-resolution real-time pathway activation data and protein expression profiles in conjunction with clustering analysis revealed that the five HALs induced various DNA damage and repair pathways. Among these, chloroacetaldehyde and trichloroacetaldehyde were found to be positively associated with genotoxicity, while dichloroacetaldehyde, bromoacetaldehyde, and tribromoacetaldehyde displayed negative associations. The protein effect level index, which are molecular end points derived from a toxicogenomics assay, exhibited a statistically significant positive correlation with the results of traditional genotoxicity assays, such as the comet assay (rp = 0.830 and p < 0.001) and SOS/umu assay (rp = 0.786 and p = 0.004). This yeast-based toxicogenomics assay, which employs a minimal set of gene biomarkers, can be used for mechanistic genotoxicity screening and assessment of HALs and other chemical compounds. These results contribute to bridging the knowledge gap regarding the molecular mechanisms underlying the genotoxicity of HALs and enable the categorization of HALs based on their distinct DNA damage and repair mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyuan Xue
- State Key Joint Laboratory of ESPC, Center for Sensor Technology of Environment and Health, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qian Yang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of ESPC, Center for Sensor Technology of Environment and Health, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yushi Jin
- State Key Joint Laboratory of ESPC, Center for Sensor Technology of Environment and Health, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qian Zhu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of ESPC, Center for Sensor Technology of Environment and Health, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jiaqi Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yishan Lin
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
| | - Jisui Tan
- State Key Joint Laboratory of ESPC, Center for Sensor Technology of Environment and Health, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Lanhua Liu
- School of Ecology & Environmental Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | | | - Xiaohong Zhou
- State Key Joint Laboratory of ESPC, Center for Sensor Technology of Environment and Health, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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4
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Qi L, Zhu YX, Wang YK, Tang XX, Li KJ, He M, Sui Y, Wang PM, Zheng DQ, Zhang K. Nonlethal Furfural Exposure Causes Genomic Alterations and Adaptability Evolution in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0121623. [PMID: 37395645 PMCID: PMC10434202 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01216-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Furfural is a major inhibitor found in lignocellulosic hydrolysate, a promising feedstock for the biofermentation industry. In this study, we aimed to investigate the potential impact of this furan-derived chemical on yeast genome integrity and phenotypic evolution by using genetic screening systems and high-throughput analyses. Our results showed that the rates of aneuploidy, chromosomal rearrangements (including large deletions and duplications), and loss of heterozygosity (LOH) increased by 50-fold, 23-fold, and 4-fold, respectively, when yeast cells were cultured in medium containing a nonlethal dose of furfural (0.6 g/L). We observed significantly different ratios of genetic events between untreated and furfural-exposed cells, indicating that furfural exposure induced a unique pattern of genomic instability. Furfural exposure also increased the proportion of CG-to-TA and CG-to-AT base substitutions among point mutations, which was correlated with DNA oxidative damage. Interestingly, although monosomy of chromosomes often results in the slower growth of yeast under spontaneous conditions, we found that monosomic chromosome IX contributed to the enhanced furfural tolerance. Additionally, terminal LOH events on the right arm of chromosome IV, which led to homozygosity of the SSD1 allele, were associated with furfural resistance. This study sheds light on the mechanisms underlying the influence of furfural on yeast genome integrity and adaptability evolution. IMPORTANCE Industrial microorganisms are often exposed to multiple environmental stressors and inhibitors during their application. This study demonstrates that nonlethal concentrations of furfural in the culture medium can significantly induce genome instability in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Notably, furfural-exposed yeast cells displayed frequent chromosome aberrations, indicating the potent teratogenicity of this inhibitor. We identified specific genomic alterations, including monosomic chromosome IX and loss of heterozygosity of the right arm of chromosome IV, that confer furfural tolerance to a diploid S. cerevisiae strain. These findings enhance our understanding of how microorganisms evolve and adapt to stressful environments and offer insights for developing strategies to improve their performance in industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Qi
- Donghai Laboratory, Zhoushan, China
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, China
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Ye-Ke Wang
- Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | | | - Ke-Jing Li
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Min He
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Yang Sui
- Donghai Laboratory, Zhoushan, China
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Pin-Mei Wang
- Donghai Laboratory, Zhoushan, China
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Dao-Qiong Zheng
- Donghai Laboratory, Zhoushan, China
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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5
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Zhang B, Li F, Shen L, Chen L, Xia Z, Ding J, Li M, Guo LH. A cathodic photoelectrochemical immunoassay with dual signal amplification for the ultrasensitive detection of DNA damage biomarkers. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 224:115052. [PMID: 36603285 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.115052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Toxicity screening and risk assessment of an overwhelmingly large and ever-increasing number of chemicals are vitally essential for ecological safety and human health. Genotoxicity is particularly important because of its association with mutagenicity, carcinogenicity and cancer. Phosphorylated histone H2AX (γH2AX) is an early sensitive genotoxic biomarker. It is therefore highly desirable to develop analytical methods for the detection of trace γH2AX to enable screening and assessment of genotoxicity. Here, we developed a novel cathodic photoelectrochemical (PEC) immunoassay with dual signal amplification for the rapid and ultrasensitive detection of γH2AX in cell lysates. A sandwich immuno-reaction targeting γH2AX was first carried out on a 96-well plate, using a secondary antibody/gold nanoparticle/glucose oxidase conjugate as the labeled detection antibody. The conjugate increased the production of H2O2 and thus provided the first mechanism of signal amplification. The immuno-reaction product containing H2O2 was then detected on a photocathode prepared from Bi2+xWO6 rich in oxygen vacancies, with H2O2 acting as electron acceptor. The oxygen vacancies acted as both adsorption and activation sites of H2O2 and thus enhanced the photocurrent, which provided another mechanism of signal amplification. As a result, an ultrasensitive immunoassay for γH2AX determination was established with a limit of detection of 6.87 pg/mL (S/N = 3) and a wide linear range from 0.01 to 500 ng/mL. The practicability of this assay was verified by detecting γH2AX in cell lysates exposed to known genotoxic chemicals. Our work offers a promising tool for the screening of genotoxic chemicals and opening a new avenue toward environmental risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bihong Zhang
- College of Quality and Safety Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, PR China; Institute of Environmental and Health Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, PR China
| | - Fangfang Li
- College of Quality and Safety Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, PR China; Institute of Environmental and Health Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, PR China
| | - Linyu Shen
- College of Quality and Safety Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, PR China; Institute of Environmental and Health Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, PR China
| | - Lu Chen
- Institute of Environmental and Health Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, PR China; College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, PR China
| | - Zhiqiang Xia
- College of Quality and Safety Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, PR China; Institute of Environmental and Health Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, PR China
| | - Jinjian Ding
- College of Quality and Safety Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, PR China; Institute of Environmental and Health Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, PR China
| | - Minjie Li
- College of Quality and Safety Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, PR China; Institute of Environmental and Health Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, PR China.
| | - Liang-Hong Guo
- College of Quality and Safety Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, PR China; Institute of Environmental and Health Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, PR China.
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6
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Tian M, Xia P, Yan L, Gou X, Yu H, Zhang X. Human functional genomics reveals toxicological mechanism underlying genotoxicants-induced inflammatory responses under low doses exposure. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 314:137658. [PMID: 36584827 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the toxicological mechanisms of chemicals is essential for accurate assessments of environmental health risks. Inflammation could play a critical role in the adverse health outcomes caused by genotoxicants; however, the toxicological mechanisms underlying genotoxicants-induced inflammatory response are still limited. Here, functional genomics CRISPR screens were performed to enhance the mechanistic understanding of the genotoxicants-induced inflammatory response at low doses exposure. Key genes and pathways associated with the activities of immune cells and the production of cytokines were identified by CRISPR screens of 6 model genotoxicants. Gene network analysis revealed that three genes (TLR10, HCAR2 and TRIM6) were involved in the regulation of neutrophil apoptosis and cytokine release, and TLR10 shared a similar functional pattern with HCAR2 and TRIM6. Furthermore, adverse outcome pathway (AOP) network analysis revealed that TLR10 was involved in the molecular initiating events (MIEs) or key events (KEs) in the inflammatory response AOPs of all the 6 genotoxicants, which provided mechanistic links between TLR10 and genotoxicants-induced inflammation and respiratory diseases. Finally, functional validation tests demonstrated that TLR10 exhibited inhibitory effects on genotoxicants-induced inflammatory responses in both epithelial and immune cells. This study highlights the powerful utility of the integration of CRISPR screen and AOP network analysis in illuminating the toxicological causal mechanisms of environmental chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Pu Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Gou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongxia Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Province Ecology and Environment Protection Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety and Health Risk, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China.
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7
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Li X, Yang H, Pan J, Liu T, Cao X, Ma H, Wang X, Wang YF, Wang Y, Lu S, Tian J, Gao L, Zheng X. Variation of the toxicity caused by key contaminants in industrial wastewater along the treatment train of Fenton-activated sludge-advanced oxidation processes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 858:159856. [PMID: 36374753 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Industrial wastewater contains a mixture of refractory and hazardous pollutants that have comprehensive toxic effects. We investigated the treatment of a long-chain industrial wastewater treatment train containing Fenton, biological anoxic/oxic (AO), and heterogeneous ozone catalytic oxidation (HOCO) processes, and evaluated their detoxification effect based on the analysis of the genic toxicity of some key contaminants. The results showed that although the effluent met the discharge standard in terms of traditional quality parameters, the long-chain treatment process could not effectively detoxify the industrial wastewater. The analysis results of summer samples showed that the Fenton process increased the total toxicity and genotoxicity of the organics, concerned metals, and non-volatile pollutants, whereas the A/O process increased the toxicity of the organics and non-volatile pollutants, and the HOCO process led to higher toxicity caused by metals and non-volatile pollutants. The outputs of the winter samples indicated that the Fenton process reduced the total toxicity and genotoxicity caused by non-volatile pollutants but increased that of the organics and concerned metals. The effect of the A/O process on the effluent toxicity in winter was the same as that in summer, whereas the HOCO process increased the total toxicity and genotoxicity of the metals in winter samples. Correlation analysis showed that various toxicity stresses were significantly correlated with the variation of these key pollutants in wastewater. Our results could provide a reference for the optimization of industrial wastewater treatment plants (IWTPs) by selecting more suitable treatment procedures to reduce the toxicity of different contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydraulics in North West Arid Region of China, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China
| | - Heyun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydraulics in North West Arid Region of China, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China
| | - Jian Pan
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Tong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydraulics in North West Arid Region of China, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China
| | - Xin Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydraulics in North West Arid Region of China, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China
| | - Hao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydraulics in North West Arid Region of China, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China
| | - Xingliang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydraulics in North West Arid Region of China, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China
| | - Yi-Fan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydraulics in North West Arid Region of China, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China
| | - Yifan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydraulics in North West Arid Region of China, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China
| | - Sijia Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydraulics in North West Arid Region of China, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China
| | - Jiayu Tian
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Lei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydraulics in North West Arid Region of China, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China
| | - Xing Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydraulics in North West Arid Region of China, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China; Resource Recovery and Low-carbon Environmental Protection Engineering Center in Coal Chemical Industry, Yulin, Shaanxi, China.
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8
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Yang H, Li X, Zheng X, Zhi H, Tang G, Ke Y, Liu B, Ma H. Comparing the toxicity of iodinated X-ray contrast media on eukaryote- and prokaryote-based quantified microarray assays. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 240:113678. [PMID: 35653977 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study compared the toxicity mechanisms of four X-ray-based iodinated contrast media (ICM) on Escherichia coli (E. coli) and yeast microarray assays, aiming to determine the diverse toxicity mechanisms among different exposed organisms and the relationship between toxicity and their physical and chemical characteristics. The conventional phenotypic endpoint cytotoxicity and the change in reactive oxygen species (ROS) level were employed in conjunction with toxicogenomics to quantify changes in the gene/protein biomarker level in the regulation of different damage/repair pathways. The results showed that molecular toxicity endpoints, named transcriptional effect level index (TELI) and protein effect level index (PELI) for E. coli and yeast, respectively, correlated well with the phenotypic endpoints. Temporal altered gene/protein expression profiles revealed dynamic and complex damage/toxic mechanisms. In particular, compared with E. coli cells, yeast cells exposed to ICM exhibited significantly higher stress intensity and diverse stress types, resulting in stress or damage to the organism. The toxic mechanisms of ICM are concentration/property-dependent and relevant to the cellular structure and defense systems in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. In particular, the toxicity of ionic ICM is higher than that of non-ionic ICM, and eukaryotes are more susceptible than prokaryotes to ICM exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heyun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in North west Arid Region, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China
| | - Xiaoliang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in North west Arid Region, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China
| | - Xing Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in North west Arid Region, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China.
| | - Hegang Zhi
- College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Davis 95616, United States
| | - Gang Tang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Yanchun Ke
- Aerospace Kaitian environmental technology co. ltd., Changsha 410100, China
| | - Bao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in North west Arid Region, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China
| | - Hao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in North west Arid Region, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China
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9
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Tian M, Xia P, Gou X, Yan L, Yu H, Zhang X. CRISPR screen identified that UGT1A9 was required for bisphenols-induced mitochondria dyshomeostasis. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 205:112427. [PMID: 34861229 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to bisphenols chemicals could cause various adverse health effects, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which have been associated with cellular mitochondria stress. However, the biological mechanism underlying the mitochondria stress-mediated cell death by bisphenols was poorly understood. Here, CRISPR screens were performed to identify the critical genes which were involved in cell death caused by exposure to four bisphenols (BPA, BPB, BPE and BPS). Results of CRISPR screens showed that UGT1A9 was the primary genetic factor facilitating cell death induced by all of the four bisphenols. Systematic toxicological tests demonstrated that UGT1A9 was required for BPA-induced mitochondria dyshomeostasis in vitro and in vivo, and UGT1A9-mediated mitochondria dyshomeostasis was an important cause of facilitating cell death. Liver injury caused by exposure to BPA in wild-type mice was accompanied with suppression of mitophagy and increased expression of C-Caspase 3, but UGT1A9 knockout attenuated these adverse effects induced by BPA. Finally, molecular epidemiology analysis suggested that the five genetic variants of UGT1A9 could be potential genetic risk factors of NAFLD when people were exposed to BPA. The biological mechanism uncovered here provided mechanistic evidence for identification of susceptible populations of liver injury associated with exposure to BPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Pu Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Gou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongxia Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China.
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10
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Rahman SM, Lan J, Kaeli D, Dy J, Alshawabkeh A, Gu AZ. Machine learning-based biomarkers identification from toxicogenomics - Bridging to regulatory relevant phenotypic endpoints. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 423:127141. [PMID: 34560480 PMCID: PMC9628282 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
One of the major challenges in realization and implementations of the Tox21 vision is the urgent need to establish quantitative link between in-vitro assay molecular endpoint and in-vivo regulatory-relevant phenotypic toxicity endpoint. Current toxicomics approach still mostly rely on large number of redundant markers without pre-selection or ranking, therefore, selection of relevant biomarkers with minimal redundancy would reduce the number of markers to be monitored and reduce the cost, time, and complexity of the toxicity screening and risk monitoring. Here, we demonstrated that, using time series toxicomics in-vitro assay along with machine learning-based feature selection (maximum relevance and minimum redundancy (MRMR)) and classification method (support vector machine (SVM)), an "optimal" number of biomarkers with minimum redundancy can be identified for prediction of phenotypic toxicity endpoints with good accuracy. We included two case studies for in-vivo carcinogenicity and Ames genotoxicity prediction, using 20 selected chemicals including model genotoxic chemicals and negative controls, respectively. The results suggested that, employing the adverse outcome pathway (AOP) concept, molecular endpoints based on a relatively small number of properly selected biomarker-ensemble involved in the conserved DNA-damage and repair pathways among eukaryotes, were able to predict both Ames genotoxicity endpoints and in-vivo carcinogenicity in rats. A prediction accuracy of 76% with AUC = 0.81 was achieved while predicting in-vivo carcinogenicity with the top-ranked five biomarkers. For Ames genotoxicity prediction, the top-ranked five biomarkers were able to achieve prediction accuracy of 70% with AUC = 0.75. However, the specific biomarkers identified as the top-ranked five biomarkers are different for the two different phenotypic genotoxicity assays. The top-ranked biomarkers for the in-vivo carcinogenicity prediction mainly focused on double strand break repair and DNA recombination, whereas the selected top-ranked biomarkers for Ames genotoxicity prediction are associated with base- and nucleotide-excision repair The method developed in this study will help to fill in the knowledge gap in phenotypic anchoring and predictive toxicology, and contribute to the progress in the implementation of tox 21 vision for environmental and health applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheikh Mokhlesur Rahman
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Civil Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Jiaqi Lan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - David Kaeli
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jennifer Dy
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Akram Alshawabkeh
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - April Z Gu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, 263 Hollister Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
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11
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Jiang T, Amadei CA, Lin Y, Gou N, Rahman SM, Lan J, Vecitis CD, Gu AZ. Dependence of Graphene Oxide (GO) Toxicity on Oxidation Level, Elemental Composition, and Size. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910578. [PMID: 34638921 PMCID: PMC8508828 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The mass production of graphene oxide (GO) unavoidably elevates the chance of human exposure, as well as the possibility of release into the environment with high stability, raising public concern as to its potential toxicological risks and the implications for humans and ecosystems. Therefore, a thorough assessment of GO toxicity, including its potential reliance on key physicochemical factors, which is lacking in the literature, is of high significance and importance. In this study, GO toxicity, and its dependence on oxidation level, elemental composition, and size, were comprehensively assessed. A newly established quantitative toxicogenomic-based toxicity testing approach, combined with conventional phenotypic bioassays, were employed. The toxicogenomic assay utilized a GFP-fused yeast reporter library covering key cellular toxicity pathways. The results reveal that, indeed, the elemental composition and size do exert impacts on GO toxicity, while the oxidation level exhibits no significant effects. The UV-treated GO, with significantly higher carbon-carbon groups and carboxyl groups, showed a higher toxicity level, especially in the protein and chemical stress categories. With the decrease in size, the toxicity level of the sonicated GOs tended to increase. It is proposed that the covering and subsequent internalization of GO sheets might be the main mode of action in yeast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Jiang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (T.J.); (N.G.); (S.M.R.); (J.L.)
| | - Carlo Alberto Amadei
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; (C.A.A.); (C.D.V.)
| | - Yishan Lin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (T.J.); (N.G.); (S.M.R.); (J.L.)
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210046, China
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (A.Z.G.)
| | - Na Gou
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (T.J.); (N.G.); (S.M.R.); (J.L.)
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Sheikh Mokhlesur Rahman
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (T.J.); (N.G.); (S.M.R.); (J.L.)
- Department of Civil Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Jiaqi Lan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (T.J.); (N.G.); (S.M.R.); (J.L.)
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Chad D. Vecitis
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; (C.A.A.); (C.D.V.)
| | - April Z. Gu
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (A.Z.G.)
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12
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Jiang T, Lin Y, Amadei CA, Gou N, Rahman SM, Lan J, Vecitis CD, Gu AZ. Comparative and mechanistic toxicity assessment of structure-dependent toxicity of carbon-based nanomaterials. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 418:126282. [PMID: 34111749 PMCID: PMC10631494 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The wide application of carbon-based nanomaterials (CNMs) has resulted in the ubiquity of CNMs in the natural environment and they potentially impose adverse consequences on ecosystems and human health. In this study, we comprehensively evaluated and compared potential toxicological effects and mechanisms of seven CNMs in three representative types (carbon blacks, graphene nanoplatelets, and fullerenes), to elucidate the correlation between their physicochemical/structural properties and toxicity. We employed a recently-developed quantitative toxicogenomics-based toxicity testing system with GFP-fused yeast reporter library targeting main cellular stress response pathways, as well as conventional phenotype-based bioassays. The results revealed that DNA damage, oxidative stress, and protein stress were the major mechanisms of action for all the CNMs at sub-cytotoxic concentration levels. The molecular toxicity nature were concentration-dependent, and they exhibited both similarity within the same structural group and distinctiveness among different CNMs, evidencing the structure-driven toxicity of CNMs. The toxic potential based on toxicogenomics molecular endpoints revealed the remarkable impact of size and structure on the toxicity. Furthermore, the phenotypic endpoints derived from conventional phenotype-based bioassays correlated with quantitative molecular endpoints derived from the toxicogenomics assay, suggesting that the selected protein biomarkers captured the main cellular effects that are associated with phenotypic adverse outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Jiang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Yishan Lin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, United States; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Carlo Alberto Amadei
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, United States
| | - Na Gou
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, United States; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, 220 Hollister Dr., Ithaca, NY 14853, United States
| | - Sheikh Mokhlesur Rahman
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, United States; Department of Civil Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, BUET Central Road, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Jiaqi Lan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, United States; Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Chad D Vecitis
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, United States
| | - April Z Gu
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, 220 Hollister Dr., Ithaca, NY 14853, United States.
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13
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He Y, Ding H, Xia X, Qi W, Wang H, Liu W, Zheng F. GFP-fused yeast cells as whole-cell biosensors for genotoxicity evaluation of nitrosamines. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:5607-5616. [PMID: 34228183 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11426-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Nitrosamine compounds, represented by N-nitrosodimethylamine, are regarded as potentially genotoxic impurities (PGIs) due to their hazard warning structure, which has attracted great attention of pharmaceutical companies and regulatory authorities. At present, great research gaps exist in genotoxicity assessment and carcinogenicity comparison of nitrosamine compounds. In this work, a collection of GFP-fused yeast cells representing DNA damage repair pathways were used to evaluate the genotoxicity of eight nitrosamine compounds (10-6-105 μg/mL). The high-resolution expression profiles of GFP-fused protein revealed the details of the DNA damage repair of nitrosamines. Studies have shown that nitrosamine compounds can cause extensive DNA damage and activate multiple repair pathways. The evaluation criteria based on the total expression level of protein show a good correlation with the mammalian carcinogenicity data TD50, and the yeast cell collection can be used as a potential reliable criterion for evaluating the carcinogenicity of compounds. The assay based on DNA damage pathway integration has high sensitivity and can be used as a supplementary method for the evaluation of trace PGIs in actual production. KEY POINTS: • The genotoxicity mechanism of nitrosamines was systematically studied. • The influence of compound structure on the efficacy of genotoxicity was explored. • GFP-fused yeast cells have the potential to evaluate impurities in production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying He
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, China.,Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Haotian Ding
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, China.,Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Xingya Xia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, China.,Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Wenyi Qi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, China.,Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Huaisong Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Wenyuan Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Feng Zheng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, China. .,Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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14
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Treatment of cooling tower blowdown water by using adsorption-electrocatalytic oxidation: Technical performance, toxicity assessment and economic evaluation. Sep Purif Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.117484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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15
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Lin Y, Rivera MS, Jiang T, Li G, Cotto I, Vosloo S, Carpenter CM, Larese-Casanova P, Giese RW, Helbling DE, Padilla IY, Rosario-Pabón Z, Vega CV, Cordero JF, Alshawabkeh AN, Pinto A, Gu AZ. Impact of Hurricane Maria on Drinking Water Quality in Puerto Rico. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:9495-9509. [PMID: 32640159 PMCID: PMC7837318 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c01655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
This study performed a comprehensive assessment of the impact of Hurricane Maria (HM) on drinking water quality in Puerto Rico (PR) by integrating targeted chemical analysis of both inorganic (18 trace elements) and organic trace pollutants (200 micropollutants) with high-throughput quantitative toxicogenomics and in vitro biomarkers-based toxicity assays. Average concentrations of 14 detected trace elements and 20 organic micropollutants showed elevation after HM. Arsenic, sucralose, perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), atrazine-2-hydroxy, benzotriazole, acesulfame, and prometon were at significantly (p < 0.05) higher levels in the post-HM than in the pre-HM samples. Thirteen micropollutants, including four pesticides, were only detected in posthurricane samples. Spatial comparison showed higher pollutant and toxicity levels in the samples from northern PR (where eight Superfund sites are located) than in those from southern PR. Distinctive pathway-specific molecular toxicity fingerprints for water extracts before and after HM and at different locations revealed changes in toxicity nature that likely resulted from the impact of HM on drinking water composition. Correlation analysis and Maximum Cumulative Ratio assessment suggested that metals (i.e., arsenic) and PFOA were the top ranked pollutants that have the potential to cause increased risk after HM, providing a possible direction for future water resource management and epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yishan Lin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | | | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA
| | - Guangyu Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA
| | - Irmarie Cotto
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA
| | - Solize Vosloo
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA
| | | | | | - Roger W. Giese
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA
| | - Damian E. Helbling
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Ingrid Y. Padilla
- Department of Civil Engineering and Surveying, University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez, PR
| | | | | | - José F. Cordero
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Akram N. Alshawabkeh
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA
| | - Ameet Pinto
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA
| | - April Z. Gu
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
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16
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Zheng X, Liu T, Guo M, Li D, Gou N, Cao X, Qiu X, Li X, Zhang Y, Sheng G, Pan B, Gu AZ, Li Z. Impact of heavy metals on the formation and properties of solvable microbiological products released from activated sludge in biological wastewater treatment. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 179:115895. [PMID: 32450462 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.115895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the acute impact of heavy metals on activated sludge with respect to the amount properties of biopolymers and other solvable microbiological products (SMPs) released from the sludge. Ten heavy metals were selected for the evaluation. Under the experimental conditions, exposing activated sludge to different metals led to an increase in SMPs, with a more significant increase in nitrogenous organics than in carbonaceous ones, where Hg2+, Ag+, Cu2+, and Cr6+ led to the highest increase in SMP species, while Cd2+, Ni2+, Mn2+, Pb2+, and Co2+ caused limited increase in the middle and small SMP molecules, and Zn2+ and Cr3+ resulted in a decrease in SMP content. To probe the molecular impact of heavy metals and the association between cellular stress and SMP formation, the toxicity of heavy metals was evaluated using a toxicogenomics assay. Based on a correlation analysis between the increase in SMP and the molecular toxicity index-transcriptional effect level index (TELI) of different genes under corresponding stress conditions, eight genes demonstrated a strong correlation with SMP properties and were pre-assumed to have the most significant influence on the increment in SMPs. We further validated the correlation equation established to predict SMP production based on the molecular disturbance of the eight key biomarkers, using arsenic As3+ and vanadium V5+ as tests, and by quantifying the amount of SMPs released from the activated sludge under the influence of these metals using a TELI-derived equation. In addition, the heavy metals that generated greater amounts of reactive oxygen species also caused larger increases in SMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, 710048, China.
| | - Tong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, 710048, China
| | - Menghan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, 710048, China
| | - Dong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, 710048, China
| | - Na Gou
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, 710048, China
| | - Xin Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, 710048, China
| | - Xiaopeng Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, 710048, China
| | - Xiaoliang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, 710048, China
| | - Yaozhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, 710048, China
| | - Guoping Sheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Chemistry, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Baozhu Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, 710048, China
| | - April Z Gu
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
| | - Zhanbin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, 710048, China.
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17
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Wilde S, Queisser N, Sutter A. Image analysis of mechanistic protein biomarkers for the characterization of genotoxicants: Aneugens, clastogens, and reactive oxygen species inducers. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2020; 61:534-550. [PMID: 32297368 DOI: 10.1002/em.22374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The early detection of genotoxicity contributes to cutting-edge drug discovery and development, requiring effective identification of genotoxic hazards posed by drugs while providing mode of action (MoA) information in a high throughput manner. In other words, there is a need to complement standard genotoxicity testing according to the test battery given in ICH S2(R1) with new in vitro tools, thereby contributing to a more in-depth analysis of genotoxic effects. Here, we report on a proof-of-concept MoA approach based on post-translational modifications of proteins (PTMs) indicative of clastogenic and aneugenic effects in TK6 cells using imaging technology (with automated analysis). Cells were exposed in a 96-well plate format with a panel of reference (geno)toxic compounds and subsequently analyzed at 4 and 24 hr to detect dose-dependent changes in PTMs, relevant for mechanistic analysis. All tested compounds that interfere with the spindle apparatus yielded a BubR1 (S640) (3/3) and phospho-histone H3 (S28) (7/9) positive dose-response reflecting aneugenicity, whereas compounds inducing DNA double-strand-breaks were associated with positive FANCD2 (S1404) and 53BP1 (S1778) responses pointing to clastogenicity (2/3). The biomarker p53 (K373) was able to distinguish genotoxicants from non-genotoxicants (2/4), while the induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), potentially causing DNA damage, was associated with a positive Nrf2 (S40) response (2/2). This work demonstrates that genotoxicants and non-genotoxicants induce different biomarker responses in TK6 cells which can be used for reliable classification into MoA groups (aneugens/clastogens/non-genotoxicants/ROS inducers), supporting a more in-depth safety assessment of drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Wilde
- Fraunhofer ITEM, Preclinical Pharmacology and In Vitro Toxicology, Hannover, Germany
- Bayer AG, Investigational Toxicology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nina Queisser
- Bayer AG, Investigational Toxicology, Berlin, Germany
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18
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Jiang T, Amadei CA, Gou N, Lin Y, Lan J, Vecitis CD, Gu AZ. Toxicity of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (SWCNTs): Effect of Lengths, Functional Groups and Electronic Structures Revealed by a Quantitative Toxicogenomics Assay. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. NANO 2020; 7:1348-1364. [PMID: 33537148 PMCID: PMC7853656 DOI: 10.1039/d0en00230e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are a group of widely used carbon-based nanomaterials (CNMs) with various applications, which raise increasing public concerns associated with their potential toxicological effect and risks on human and ecosystems. In this report, we comprehensively evaluated the nanotoxicity of SWCNTs with their relationship to varying lengths, functional groups and electronic structures, by employing both newly established quantitative toxicogenomics test, as well as conventional phenotypic bioassays. The objective is to reveal potential cellular toxicity and mechanisms of SWCNTs at the molecular level, and to probe their potential relationships with their morphological, surface, and electronic properties. The results indicated that DNA damage and oxidative stress were the dominant mechanisms of action for all SWCNTs and, the toxicity level and characteristics varied with length, surface functionalization and electronic structure. Distinguishable molecular toxicity fingerprints were revealed for the two SWCNTs with varying length, with short SWCNT exhibiting higher toxicity level than the long one. In terms of surface properties, SWCNT functionalization, namely carboxylation and hydroxylation, led to elevated overall toxicity, especially genotoxicity, as compared to unmodified SWCNT. Carboxylated SWCNT induced a greater toxicity than the hydroxylated SWCNT. The nucleus is likely the primary target site for long, short, and carboxylated SWCNTs and mechanical perturbation is likely responsible for the DNA damage, specifically related to degradation of the DNA double helix structure. Finally, dramatically different electronic structure-dependent toxicity was observed with metallic SWCNT exerting much higher toxicity than the semiconducting one that exhibited minimal toxicity among all SWCNTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Jiang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Carlo Alberto Amadei
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - Na Gou
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, 220 Hollister Dr., Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Yishan Lin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, 220 Hollister Dr., Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Jiaqi Lan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
- Corresponding authors: ,
| | - Chad D. Vecitis
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - April Z. Gu
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, 220 Hollister Dr., Ithaca, NY 14853
- Corresponding authors: ,
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19
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Danforth C, Chiu WA, Rusyn I, Schultz K, Bolden A, Kwiatkowski C, Craft E. An integrative method for identification and prioritization of constituents of concern in produced water from onshore oil and gas extraction. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 134:105280. [PMID: 31704566 PMCID: PMC7547527 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.105280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
In the United States, onshore oil and gas extraction operations generate an estimated 900 billion gallons of produced water annually, making it the largest waste stream associated with upstream development of petroleum hydrocarbons. Management and disposal practices of produced water vary from deep well injection to reuse of produced water in agricultural settings. However, there is relatively little information with regard to the chemical or toxicological characteristics of produced water. A comprehensive literature review was performed, screening nearly 16,000 published articles, and identifying 129 papers that included data on chemicals detected in produced water. Searches for information on the potential ecotoxicological or mammalian toxicity of these chemicals revealed that the majority (56%) of these compounds have not been a subject of safety evaluation or mechanistic toxicology studies and 86% lack data to be used to complete a risk assessment, which underscores the lack of toxicological information for the majority of chemical constituents in produced water. The objective of this study was to develop a framework to identify potential constituents of concern in produced water, based on available and predicted toxicological hazard data, to prioritize these chemicals for monitoring, treatment, and research. In order to integrate available evidence to address gaps in toxicological hazard on the chemicals in produced water, we have catalogued available information from ecological toxicity studies, toxicity screening databases, and predicted toxicity values. A Toxicological Priority Index (ToxPi) approach was applied to integrate these various data sources. This research will inform stakeholders and decision-makers on the potential hazards in produced water. In addition, this work presents a method to prioritize compounds that, based on hazard and potential exposure, may be considered during various produced water reuse strategies to reduce possible human health risks and environmental impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cloelle Danforth
- Environmental Defense Fund, 2060 Broadway, Suite 300, Boulder, CO 80302, USA.
| | - Weihsueh A Chiu
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, 4458 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
| | - Ivan Rusyn
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, 4458 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
| | - Kim Schultz
- The Endocrine Disruption Exchange, PO Box 54, Eckert, CO 81418, USA.
| | - Ashley Bolden
- The Endocrine Disruption Exchange, PO Box 54, Eckert, CO 81418, USA.
| | - Carol Kwiatkowski
- The Endocrine Disruption Exchange, PO Box 54, Eckert, CO 81418, USA.
| | - Elena Craft
- Environmental Defense Fund, 301 Congress Ave #1300, Austin, TX 78701, USA.
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20
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Atwood ST, Lunn RM, Garner SC, Jahnke GD. New Perspectives for Cancer Hazard Evaluation by the Report on Carcinogens: A Case Study Using Read-Across Methods in the Evaluation of Haloacetic Acids Found as Water Disinfection By-Products. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2019; 127:125003. [PMID: 31854200 PMCID: PMC6957284 DOI: 10.1289/ehp5672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to the large number of chemicals not yet tested for carcinogenicity but to which people are exposed, the limited number of human and animal cancer studies conducted each year, and the frequent need for a timely response, mechanistic data are playing an increasingly important role in carcinogen hazard identification. OBJECTIVES To provide a targeted approach to identify relevant mechanistic data in our cancer evaluation of haloacetic acids (HAAs), we used several approaches including systematic review, the 10 key characteristics of carcinogens (KCs), and read-across methods. Our objective in this commentary is to discuss the strengths, limitations, and challenges of these approaches in a cancer hazard assessment. METHODS A cancer hazard assessment for 13 HAAs found as water disinfection by-products was conducted. Literature searches for mechanistic studies focused on the KCs and individual HAAs. Studies were screened for relevance and categorized by KCs and other relevant data, including chemical properties, toxicokinetics, and biological effects other than KCs. Mechanistic data were organized using the KCs, and strength of evidence was evaluated; this information informed potential modes of action (MOAs) and read-across-like approaches. Three read-across options were considered: evaluating HAAs as a class, as subclass(es), or as individual HAAs (analog approach). DISCUSSION Because of data limitations and uncertainties, listing as a class or subclass(es) was ruled out, and an analog approach was used. Two brominated HAAs were identified as target (untested) chemicals based on their metabolism and similarity to source (tested) chemicals. In addition, four HAAs with animal cancer data had sufficient evidence for potential listing in the Report on Carcinogens (RoC). This is the first time that the KCs and other relevant data, in combination with read-across principles, were used to support a recommendation to list chemicals in the RoC that did not have animal cancer data. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP5672.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanley T Atwood
- Contractor in Support of National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) Report on Carcinogens, Integrated Laboratory Systems, Inc. (ILS), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ruth M Lunn
- Office of the Report on Carcinogens, Division of the National Toxicology Program, NIEHS, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Sanford C Garner
- Contractor in Support of National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) Report on Carcinogens, Integrated Laboratory Systems, Inc. (ILS), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Gloria D Jahnke
- Office of the Report on Carcinogens, Division of the National Toxicology Program, NIEHS, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
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21
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Aguayo-Orozco A, Taboureau O, Brunak S. The use of systems biology in chemical risk assessment. CURRENT OPINION IN TOXICOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cotox.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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22
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Liu H, Shi L, Giesy JP, Yu H. Polychlorinated diphenyl sulfides can induce ROS and genotoxicity via the AhR-CYP1A1 pathway. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 223:165-170. [PMID: 30776761 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.01.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated diphenyl sulfides (PCDPSs) are a group of chemicals that can interact and activate the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). Previous studies have shown that PCDPSs can cause oxidative stress in livers. However, information on genotoxicity of PCDPSs is limited. In this study, it is hypothesized that PCDPSs can produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) by activating the AhR and inducing expression of CYP1A1, which subsequently causes genotoxicity. HepG2 cells (transfected with AhR and CYP1A1 siRNA or not) were exposed to six PCDPSs. ROS and expression of five genes were measured to confirm relationships between genotoxicity and signaling along AhR pathway. After 24 h, a significant concentration-dependent ROS was observed. Production of ROS varied with the number of Cl atoms. And the formation of ROS decreases with the increase of the number of Cl atoms, which was consistent with results observed for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Most of the tested PCDPSs up-regulated expression of CYP1A1 enzyme via signaling AhR pathways. The exposure to 2,3',4,5-tetra-CDPS at 10 μM up-regulated the CYP1A1 mRNA in HepG2 cells to 29-fold. Expression of CYP1A1 mRNA was related to the number of substituted Cl, probably due to the stronger ability of more chlorinated PCDPSs to bind to and activate the AhR. However, there was no significant quantitative relationship between expression of CYP1A1 and concentrations of ROS, probably due to other oxidases' influence. Furthermore, PCDPSs also caused induction of OGG1 and XRS2 more than 2 times, indicates oxidation of bases and breaks of strands. The transfection of cells with siRNA to silence expression of the CYP1A1 gene results in ROS at background levels, further supporting the proposed mechanism PCDPSs inducing ROS and DNA damage via the AhR-mediated pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongling Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China.
| | - Laihao Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - John P Giesy
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China; Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3, Canada; Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3, Canada
| | - Hongxia Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
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23
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Muenter MM, Aiken A, Akanji JO, Baig S, Bellou S, Carlson A, Conway C, Cowell CM, DeLateur NA, Hester A, Joshi C, Kramer C, Leifer BS, Nash E, Qi MH, Travers M, Wong KC, Hu M, Gou N, Giese RW, Gu AZ, Beuning PJ. The response of Escherichia coli to the alkylating agents chloroacetaldehyde and styrene oxide. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2019; 840:1-10. [PMID: 30857727 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
DNA damage is ubiquitous and can arise from endogenous or exogenous sources. DNA-damaging alkylating agents are present in environmental toxicants as well as in cancer chemotherapy drugs and are a constant threat, which can lead to mutations or cell death. All organisms have multiple DNA repair and DNA damage tolerance pathways to resist the potentially negative effects of exposure to alkylating agents. In bacteria, many of the genes in these pathways are regulated as part of the SOS reponse or the adaptive response. In this work, we probed the cellular responses to the alkylating agents chloroacetaldehyde (CAA), which is a metabolite of 1,2-dichloroethane used to produce polyvinyl chloride, and styrene oxide (SO), a major metabolite of styrene used in the production of polystyrene and other polymers. Vinyl chloride and styrene are produced on an industrial scale of billions of kilograms annually and thus have a high potential for environmental exposure. To identify stress response genes in E. coli that are responsible for tolerance to the reactive metabolites CAA and SO, we used libraries of transcriptional reporters and gene deletion strains. In response to both alkylating agents, genes associated with several different stress pathways were upregulated, including protein, membrane, and oxidative stress, as well as DNA damage. E. coli strains lacking genes involved in base excision repair and nucleotide excision repair were sensitive to SO, whereas strains lacking recA and the SOS gene ybfE were sensitive to both alkylating agents tested. This work indicates the varied systems involved in cellular responses to alkylating agents, and highlights the specific DNA repair genes involved in the responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark M Muenter
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115 USA
| | - Ariel Aiken
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115 USA
| | - Jadesola O Akanji
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115 USA
| | - Samir Baig
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115 USA
| | - Sirine Bellou
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115 USA
| | - Alyssa Carlson
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115 USA
| | - Charles Conway
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115 USA
| | - Courtney M Cowell
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115 USA
| | - Nicholas A DeLateur
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115 USA
| | - Alexis Hester
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115 USA
| | - Christopher Joshi
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115 USA
| | - Caitlin Kramer
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115 USA
| | - Becky S Leifer
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115 USA
| | - Emma Nash
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115 USA
| | - Macee H Qi
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115 USA
| | - Meghan Travers
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115 USA
| | - Kelly C Wong
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115 USA
| | - Man Hu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115 USA
| | - Na Gou
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115 USA; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
| | - Roger W Giese
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115 USA
| | - April Z Gu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115 USA; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
| | - Penny J Beuning
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115 USA.
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24
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Lan J, Rahman SM, Gou N, Jiang T, Plewa MJ, Alshawabkeh A, Gu AZ. Genotoxicity Assessment of Drinking Water Disinfection Byproducts by DNA Damage and Repair Pathway Profiling Analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:6565-6575. [PMID: 29660283 PMCID: PMC6941474 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b06389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Genotoxicity is considered a major concern for drinking water disinfection byproducts (DBPs). Of over 700 DBPs identified to date, only a small number has been assessed with limited information for DBP genotoxicity mechanism(s). In this study, we evaluated genotoxicity of 20 regulated and unregulated DBPs applying a quantitative toxicogenomics approach. We used GFP-fused yeast strains that examine protein expression profiling of 38 proteins indicative of all known DNA damage and repair pathways. The toxicogenomics assay detected genotoxicity potential of these DBPs that is consistent with conventional genotoxicity assays end points. Furthermore, the high-resolution, real-time pathway activation and protein expression profiling, in combination with clustering analysis, revealed molecular level details in the genotoxicity mechanisms among different DBPs and enabled classification of DBPs based on their distinct DNA damage effects and repair mechanisms. Oxidative DNA damage and base alkylation were confirmed to be the main molecular mechanisms of DBP genotoxicity. Initial exploration of QSAR modeling using moleular genotoxicity end points (PELI) suggested that genotoxicity of DBPs in this study was correlated with topological and quantum chemical descriptors. This study presents a toxicogenomics-based assay for fast and efficient mechanistic genotoxicity screening and assessment of a large number of DBPs. The results help to fill in the knowledge gap in the understanding of the molecular mechanisms of DBP genotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Lan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Sheikh Mokhlesur Rahman
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Na Gou
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Micheal J. Plewa
- Safe Global Water Institute and Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Akram Alshawabkeh
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - April Z. Gu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
- Corresponding Author:
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25
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Yeast-based genotoxicity tests for assessing DNA alterations and DNA stress responses: a 40-year overview. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:2493-2507. [PMID: 29423630 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-8783-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
By damaging DNA molecules, genotoxicants cause genetic mutations and also increase human susceptibility to cancers and genetic diseases. Over the past four decades, several assays have been developed in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae to screen potential genotoxic substances and provide alternatives to animal-based genotoxicity tests. These yeast-based genotoxicity tests are either DNA alteration-based or DNA stress-response reporter-based. The former, which came first, were developed from the genetic studies conducted on various types of DNA alterations in yeast cells. Despite their limited throughput capabilities, some of these tests have been used as short-term genotoxicity tests in addition to bacteria- or mammalian cell-based tests. In contrast, the latter tests are based on the emergent transcriptional induction of DNA repair-related genes via activation of the DNA damage checkpoint kinase cascade triggered by DNA damage. Some of these reporter assays have been linked to DNA damage-responsive promoters to assess chemical carcinogenicity and ecotoxicity in environmental samples. Yeast-mediated genotoxicity tests are being continuously improved by increasing the permeability of yeast cell walls, by the ectopic expression of mammalian cytochrome P450 systems, by the use of DNA repair-deficient host strains, and by integrating them into high-throughput formats or microfluidic devices. Notably, yeast-based reporter assays linked with the newer toxicogenomic approaches are becoming powerful short-term genotoxicity tests for large numbers of compounds. These tests can also be used to detect polluted environmental samples, and as effective screening tools during anticancer drug development.
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26
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Zhang L, Duan X, He N, Chen X, Shi J, Li W, Xu L, Li H. Exposure to lethal levels of benzo[a]pyrene or cadmium trigger distinct protein expression patterns in earthworms (Eisenia fetida). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 595:733-742. [PMID: 28407590 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Different pollutants induce distinct toxic responses in earthworms (Eisenia fetida). Here, we used proteomics techniques to compare the responses of E. fetida to exposure to the 10% lethal concentration (14d-LC10) of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) or cadmium (Cd) in natural red soil (China). BaP exposure markedly induced the expression of oxidation-reduction proteins, whereas Cd exposure mainly induced the expression of proteins involved in transcription- and translation-related processes. Furthermore, calmodulin-binding proteins were differentially expressed upon exposure to different pollutants. The calcium (Ca2+)-binding cytoskeletal element myosin was down-regulated upon BaP treatment, whereas the Ca2+-binding cytoskeletal element tropomyosin-1 was up-regulated upon Cd treatment. Some proteins exhibited opposite responses to the two pollutants. For instance, catalase (CAT) and heat shock protein 70 were up-regulated upon BaP treatment and down-regulated upon Cd treatment. A significant (p<0.05, one-way ANOVA with least-significant difference (LSD) test) increase in the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and CAT activity further showed that BaP mainly induces oxidative stress. Real-time PCR analysis showed that mRNA expression often did not correlate well with protein expression in earthworms subjected to Cd or BaP treatment. In addition, the expression of the gene encoding the protein metallothionein, which was not detected in the protein analysis, was induced upon Cd treatment, but slightly reduced upon BaP treatment. Therefore, BaP and Cd have distinct effects on the protein profile of E. Fetida with BaP markedly inducing ROS activity, and Cd mainly triggering genotoxicity. CAPSULE SUMMARY Distinct patterns of protein expression are induced in earthworms upon exposure to different pollutants; BaP markedly induces high levels of ROS, while Cd resultes in genotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihao Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing 210014, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaochen Duan
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China; College of Resources, Environment, and Planning, Dezhou University, Dezhou 253023, People's Republic of China
| | - Nannan He
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Chen
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinli Shi
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiming Li
- Nanjing Scientific Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Xu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing 210014, People's Republic of China.
| | - Huixin Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China.
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27
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Plewa MJ, Wagner ED, Richardson SD. TIC-Tox: A preliminary discussion on identifying the forcing agents of DBP-mediated toxicity of disinfected water. J Environ Sci (China) 2017; 58:208-216. [PMID: 28774611 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2017.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The disinfection of drinking water is a major public health achievement; however, an unintended consequence of disinfection is the generation of disinfection by-products (DBPs). Many of the identified DBPs exhibit in vitro and in vivo toxicity, generate a diversity of adverse biological effects, and may be hazards to the public health and the environment. Only a few DBPs are regulated by several national and international agencies and it is not clear if these regulated DBPs are the forcing agents that drive the observed toxicity and their associated health effects. In this study, we combine analytical chemical and biological data to resolve the forcing agents associated with mammalian cell cytotoxicity of drinking water samples from three cities. These data suggest that the trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids may be a small component of the overall cytotoxicity of the organic material isolated from disinfected drinking water. Chemical classes of nitrogen-containing DBPs, such as the haloacetonitriles and haloacetamides, appear to be the major forcing agents of toxicity in these samples. These findings may have important implications for the design of epidemiological studies that primarily rely on the levels of THMs to define DBP exposure among populations. The TIC-Tox approach constitutes a beginning step in the process of identifying the forcing agents of toxicity in disinfected water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Plewa
- Safe Global Water Institute, and the Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801, United States.
| | - Elizabeth D Wagner
- Safe Global Water Institute, and the Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801, United States
| | - Susan D Richardson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, United States
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28
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Comet assay: an essential tool in toxicological research. Arch Toxicol 2016; 90:2315-36. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-016-1767-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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29
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Yamane J, Aburatani S, Imanishi S, Akanuma H, Nagano R, Kato T, Sone H, Ohsako S, Fujibuchi W. Prediction of developmental chemical toxicity based on gene networks of human embryonic stem cells. Nucleic Acids Res 2016; 44:5515-28. [PMID: 27207879 PMCID: PMC4937330 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkw450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Predictive toxicology using stem cells or their derived tissues has gained increasing importance in biomedical and pharmaceutical research. Here, we show that toxicity category prediction by support vector machines (SVMs), which uses qRT-PCR data from 20 categorized chemicals based on a human embryonic stem cell (hESC) system, is improved by the adoption of gene networks, in which network edge weights are added as feature vectors when noisy qRT-PCR data fail to make accurate predictions. The accuracies of our system were 97.5–100% for three toxicity categories: neurotoxins (NTs), genotoxic carcinogens (GCs) and non-genotoxic carcinogens (NGCs). For two uncategorized chemicals, bisphenol-A and permethrin, our system yielded reasonable results: bisphenol-A was categorized as an NGC, and permethrin was categorized as an NT; both predictions were supported by recently published papers. Our study has two important features: (i) as the first study to employ gene networks without using conventional quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSARs) as input data for SVMs to analyze toxicogenomics data in an hESC validation system, it uses additional information of gene-to-gene interactions to significantly increase prediction accuracies for noisy gene expression data; and (ii) using only undifferentiated hESCs, our study has considerable potential to predict late-onset chemical toxicities, including abnormalities that occur during embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junko Yamane
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
| | - Sachiyo Aburatani
- Computational Biology Research Center, Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 2-4-7 Aomi, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-0064, Japan
| | - Satoshi Imanishi
- Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
| | - Hiromi Akanuma
- Research Center for Environmental Risk, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan
| | - Reiko Nagano
- Research Center for Environmental Risk, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Kato
- Department of Computer Science, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin-cho, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
| | - Hideko Sone
- Research Center for Environmental Risk, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan
| | - Seiichiroh Ohsako
- Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
| | - Wataru Fujibuchi
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan Computational Biology Research Center, Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 2-4-7 Aomi, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-0064, Japan
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