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Dong P, Liang Y, Shen C, Jiang E, Bradford SA. Dual roles of goethite coating on the transport of plastic nanoparticles in heterogeneous porous media: The significance of collector surface roughness. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 470:134153. [PMID: 38593658 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
This study systematically examines the roles of positive goethite on the retention and release of negative plastic nanoparticles (PSNPs) with different surface functional groups (Blank, -COOH, and -NH2). It provides the first evidence for the dual roles of goethite coatings on colloid transport; e.g., increased transport caused by surface morphology modification or decreased transport due to increased surface roughness and charge heterogeneity. Although previous work has shown that goethite-coated sand increases the retention of negative colloids, this work demonstrates that collector surface roughness can also reduce the retention of PSNPs due to increased interaction energy profiles. Nonmonotonic retention of all the different functionalized PSNPs was observed in goethite-coated rough sand, and the magnitude of variations was contingent on the PSNP functionalization, the solution ionic strength (IS), and the goethite coating. The release of PSNPs with IS decrease (phase I) and pH increase (phase II) varied significantly due to differences in energy barriers to detachment, e.g., release in phase I was inhibited in both goethite-coated sands, whereas release in phase II was enhanced in coated smooth sand but completely inhibited in rough sand. The findings of this study provide innovative insight into transport mechanisms for colloidal and colloid-associated contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Dong
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Emerging Contaminants Monitoring, Early Warning and Environmental Health Risk Assessment, Nanning, China
| | - Yan Liang
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Emerging Contaminants Monitoring, Early Warning and Environmental Health Risk Assessment, Nanning, China.
| | - Chongyang Shen
- Department of Soil and Water Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Erxiao Jiang
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Emerging Contaminants Monitoring, Early Warning and Environmental Health Risk Assessment, Nanning, China
| | - Scott A Bradford
- USDA, ARS, Sustainable Agricultural Water Systems Unit, Davis, CA 95616, United States
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2
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Xie Y, Zhang M, Ma L, Du T, Zhou D, Fu ML, Yuan B, Li XY, Hu YB. Overlooked encounter process that affects physical behaviors of stabilized nanoscale zero-valent iron during in situ groundwater remediation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 461:132547. [PMID: 37717448 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic encountering between groundwater matrices and nanoscale zero-valent iron (NZVI) injected for in situ subsurface remediation affects NZVI's mobility and has not been well recognized. Polyacrylic acid (PAA)-stabilized NZVI (NZVI-PAA) and Mg(OH)2-coated NZVI (NZVI@Mg(OH)2) were investigated as representative NZVIs stabilized by enhanced electrostatic repulsion and reduced magnetic attraction, respectively. Encounters with divalent cations and humic acid (HA) induced the drastic aggregation and sedimentation (presedimentation) of NZVI-PAA owing to Lewis acid-base interactions and heteroaggregation. In addition, encountered groundwater electrolytes could not effectively provide electrostatic repulsion for NZVI-PAA, resulting in breakthrough ripening dynamics. The presedimentation and ripening behaviors of NZVI-PAA were eliminated and unheeded after mixing the NZVI slurry with groundwater by sonication. In comparison, the encountering process barely impacted NZVI@Mg(OH)2, for which settling was hindered. Although the particle-collector attraction promoted NZVI@Mg(OH)2 adsorption on pristine and hybrid-coated sands, the Langmuirian blocking dynamics of the NZVI@Mg(OH)2 breakthrough demonstrated its high mobility after adsorption sites of sand surface were exhausted. Extended Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek analysis and transport modeling provided insights into overlooked effects of encountering on physical behaviors of different stabilized NZVIs, which should be considered during practical applications under diverse subsurface conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Xie
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Municipal and Industrial Solid Waste Utilization and Pollution Control, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China
| | - Miaoyue Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Lihang Ma
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Municipal and Industrial Solid Waste Utilization and Pollution Control, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China
| | - Ting Du
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Municipal and Industrial Solid Waste Utilization and Pollution Control, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China
| | - Dan Zhou
- College of Ecology and Environment, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China
| | - Ming-Lai Fu
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Municipal and Industrial Solid Waste Utilization and Pollution Control, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China
| | - Baoling Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Songliao Aquatic Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin Jianzhu University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Li
- Environmental Engineering Research Centre, Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yi-Bo Hu
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Municipal and Industrial Solid Waste Utilization and Pollution Control, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China.
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Jin Y, Chen J, Zhang Q, Farooq U, Lu T, Wang B, Qi Z, Chen W. Biosurfactant-affected mobility of oxytetracycline and its variations with surface chemical heterogeneity in saturated porous media. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 244:120509. [PMID: 37634454 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Herein, the influences of rhamnolipid (a typical biosurfactant) on oxytetracycline (OTC) transport in the porous media and their variations with the surface heterogeneities of the media (uncoated sand, goethite (Goe)-, and humic acid (HA)-coated sands) were explored. Compared to uncoated sand, goethite and HA coatings suppressed OTC mobility by increasing deposition sites. Interestingly, rhamnolipid-affected OTC transport strongly depended on the chemical heterogeneities of aquifers and biosurfactant concentrations. Concretely, adding rhamnolipid (1-3 mg/L) inhibited OTC mobility through sand columns because of the bridging effect of biosurfactant between sand and OTC. Unexpectedly, rhamnolipid of 10 mg/L did not further improve the inhibition of OTC transport owing to the fact that the deposition capacity of rhamnolipid reached its maximum. OTC mobility in Goe-coated sand columns was inhibited by 1 mg/L rhamnolipid. However, the inhibitory effect decreased with the increasing rhamnolipid concentration (3 mg/L) and exhibited a promoted effect at 10 mg/L rhamnolipid. This surprising observation was that the increased rhamnolipid molecules gradually occupied the favorable deposition sites (i.e., the positively charged sites). In comparison, rhamnolipid facilitated OTC transport in the HA-coated sand column. The promotion effects positively correlated with rhamnolipid concentrations because of the high electrostatic repulsion and deposition site competition induced by the deposited rhamnolipid. Another interesting phenomenon was that rhamnolipid's enhanced or inhibitory effects on OTC transport declined with the increasing solution pH because of the decreased rhamnolipid deposition on porous media surfaces. These findings benefit our understanding of the environmental behaviors of antibiotics in complex soil-water systems containing biosurfactants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinhan Jin
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Jiuyan Chen
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Eco-physiology, College of Geographical Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Ecology institute of the Shandong Academy of Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Usman Farooq
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Taotao Lu
- College of Hydraulic Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Zhichong Qi
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
| | - Weifeng Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Eco-physiology, College of Geographical Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China.
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Wan Q, Liu B, Zhang M, Zhao M, Dai Y, Liu W, Ding K, Lin Q, Ni Z, Li J, Wang S, Jin C, Tang Y, Qiu R. Co-transport of biochar nanoparticles (BC NPs) and rare earth elements (REEs) in water-saturated porous media: New insights into REE fractionation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 453:131390. [PMID: 37060752 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the co-transport behavior of three REEs3+ (La3+, Gd3+, and Yb3+) with and without biochar nanoparticles (BC NPs) in water-saturated porous media. The presence of REEs3+ enhanced the retention of BC NPs in quartz sand (QS) due to decreased electrostatic repulsion between BC NPs and QS, enhanced aggregation of BC NPs, and the contribution of straining. The distribution coefficients (KD) in packed columns in the co-transport of BC NPs and three REEs3+ were much smaller than in batch experiments due to the different hydrodynamic conditions. In addition, we, for the first time, found that REE fractionation in the solid-liquid phase occurred during the co-transport of REEs3+ in the presence and absence of BC NPs. Note that the REE fractionation during the co-transport, which is helpful for the tracing application during earth surface processes, was driven by the interaction of REEs3+ with QS and BC NPs. This study elucidates novel insights into the fate of BC NPs and REEs3+ in porous media and indicates that (i) mutual effects between BC NPs and REE3+ should be considered when BC was applied to REE contaminated aquatic and soil systems; and (ii) REE fractionation provides a useful tool for identifying the sources of coexisting substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Wan
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural & Rural Pollution Abatement and Environmental Safety, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Beibei Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Miaoyue Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Heavy Metal Contaminated Soil Remediation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Man Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Heavy Metal Contaminated Soil Remediation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yuan Dai
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wenshen Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Heavy Metal Contaminated Soil Remediation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Kengbo Ding
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Heavy Metal Contaminated Soil Remediation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qingqi Lin
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural & Rural Pollution Abatement and Environmental Safety, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhuobiao Ni
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural & Rural Pollution Abatement and Environmental Safety, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jingjing Li
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural & Rural Pollution Abatement and Environmental Safety, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Shizhong Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Heavy Metal Contaminated Soil Remediation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Chao Jin
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Heavy Metal Contaminated Soil Remediation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yetao Tang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Heavy Metal Contaminated Soil Remediation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Rongliang Qiu
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural & Rural Pollution Abatement and Environmental Safety, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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5
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Chen B, Lv N, Xu W, Gong L, Sun T, Liang L, Gao B, He F. Transport of nanoscale zero-valent iron in saturated porous media: Effects of grain size, surface metal oxides, and sulfidation. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 313:137512. [PMID: 36495971 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge of the fate and transport of nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) in saturated porous media is crucial to the development of in situ remediation technologies. This work systematically compared the retention and transport of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) modified nZVI (CMC-nZVI) and sulfidated nZVI (CMC-S-nZVI) particles in saturated columns packed with quartz sand of various grain sizes and different surface metal oxide coatings. Grain size reduction had an inhibitory effect on the transport of CMC-S-nZVI and CMC-nZVI due to increasing immobile zone deposition and straining in the columns. Metal oxide coatings had minor effect on the transport of CMC-S-nZVI and CMC-nZVI because the sand surface was coated by the free CMC in the suspensions, reducing the electrostatic attraction between the nZVI and surface metal oxides. CMC-S-nZVI displayed greater breakthrough (C/C0 = 0.82-0.90) and higher mass recovery (84.9%-89.3%) than CMC-nZVI (C/C0 = 0.70-0.80 and mass recovery = 70.9%-79.6%, respectively) under the same experimental conditions. A mathematical model based on the advection-dispersion equation simulated the experimental data of nZVI breakthrough curves very well. Findings of this study suggest sulfidation could enhance the transport of CMC-nZVI in saturated porous media with grain and surface heterogeneities, promoting its application in situ remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Chen
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Neng Lv
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Wenfeng Xu
- Hangzhou Environmental Protection Science Research&Design Coltd, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Li Gong
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Taoyu Sun
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Liyuan Liang
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, United States
| | - Bin Gao
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, United States
| | - Feng He
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
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Xia T, Xie Y, Bai S, Guo X, Zhu L, Zhang C. Ionic specificity mediates the transport and retention of graphene-based nanomaterials in saturated porous media. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 854:158724. [PMID: 36108856 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Transport of graphene-based nanomaterials in porous media is closely related to background cations. This study examines the impacts of ionic specificity on the mobility of graphene oxide (GO) and reduced GO (RGOs) in saturated quartz sand. The transport of GO/RGOs as affected by monovalent cation Na+ followed extended Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (XDLVO) theory, whereas in solutions containing multivalent cations Zn2+ and Al3+, cation bridging effect played a dominant role in the transport inhibition. Moreover, the adverse effects of the divalent cations on GO/RGOs migration obeyed the Hofmeister series, i.e. following the order of Pb2+ > Cd2+ > Zn2+. Batch adsorption experiments and DFT calculations further confirmed that cations of higher valences, and of the same valence but with larger ionic radii (smaller hydrated radii) interacted more strongly with GO/RGOs and sand grains via forming inner-sphere complexes. Thus, more favorable retention was observed through cation bridging between particles and collectors, and also via enhanced straining caused by particles aggregation. Furthermore, the sulfide-reduced GO (SR-GO) that contained more surface O-functional groups was impacted more remarkably by strong complexing cations than the pristine GO (P-GO), while the mobility of poorly functionalized irradiation-reduced GO (IR-GO) was less affected by cation bridging effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianjiao Xia
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-Environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yao Xie
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Sai Bai
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xuetao Guo
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-Environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Lingyan Zhu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-Environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Chi Zhang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-Environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
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Jin Y, Liu M, Zhang Q, Farooq U, Chen W, Lu T, Qi Z. Transport of oxytetracycline through saturated porous media: role of surface chemical heterogeneity. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2022; 24:2368-2377. [PMID: 36317984 DOI: 10.1039/d2em00330a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The current state of knowledge on the transport behaviors of oxytetracycline (OTC, a typical tetracycline antibiotic) in porous media with heterogeneous chemical surfaces is inadequate. In this work, the mobility properties of OTC through saturated porous media with different chemical heterogeneities (i.e., quartz sand, montmorillonite (MMT)-, humic acid (HA)-, and goethite (Goe)-coated sands) were investigated. In comparison with the mobility of OTC in the quartz sand, HA and goethite coatings inhibited the mobility of OTC, whereas montmorillonite coating enhanced OTC mobility. HA coating inhibited the transport of OTC that stemmed from the strong interactions between HA and OTC via complexation, π-π stacking, hydrogen bonding, and hydrophobic interaction. The positively charged iron oxide coating on Goe-coated sand provided favorable sites for OTC deposition through complexation and electrostatic attraction. The enhanced transport of OTC through MMT-coated sand was mainly due to the strong electrostatic repulsion between the anionic OTC species (i.e., OTC-) and negatively charged porous media. Solution pH (5.0-9.0) posed a negligible effect on the trend of OTC mobility in different porous media. Furthermore, Ca2+ inhibited the transport of OTC mobility through various porous media via cation-bridging. The findings of this work contribute significantly to our understanding of the influence of aquifer surface chemical heterogeneities on OTC mobility behaviors in the subsurface environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinhan Jin
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
- College of Hydraulic Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
| | - Mengya Liu
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Ecology Institute of the Shandong Academy of Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Usman Farooq
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
| | - Weifeng Chen
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Eco-physiology, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China
| | - Taotao Lu
- College of Hydraulic Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
| | - Zhichong Qi
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
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8
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Chen J, Zhang Q, Zhu Y, Li Y, Chen W, Lu T, Qi Z. Biosurfactant-mediated mobility of graphene oxide nanoparticles in saturated porous media. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2022; 24:1883-1894. [PMID: 36148869 DOI: 10.1039/d2em00297c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
There is currently a lack of scientific understanding regarding how bio-surfactants influence the mobility of graphene oxide (GO) through saturated porous media. In this study, the transport characteristics of GO through porous media with different heterogeneities (i.e., quartz sand and goethite-coated sand) after the addition of saponin (a representative bio-surfactant) were investigated. The results demonstrated that saponin (3-10 mg L-1) promoted GO mobility in both types of porous media at pH 7.0. This trend was attributed to the competitive deposition between nanoparticles and bio-surfactant molecules for attachment sites, the enhanced electrostatic repulsion, the decreased strain, the presence of steric effects induced by the adsorbed saponin, and the increase in the hydrophilicity of nanoparticles. Intriguingly, saponin promoted GO mobility in goethite-coated sand (i.e., chemically heterogeneous porous media) to a greater extent than that in sand (i.e., relatively homogeneous porous media) when saponin concentrations increased, which stemmed from the differences in the extent of the deposition site competition for saponin on the two porous media and the electrostatic repulsion between GO and the porous media. Furthermore, a cation-bridging mechanism was also involved in the ability of saponin to increase GO mobility when the electrolyte solution was 0.1 mM Cu2+. Moreover, the extended Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (XDLVO) theory and the colloid transport model were applicable to elucidate the mobility properties of GO with or without saponin in porous media. The findings from this work highlight the important status of bio-surfactants in the fate of colloidal carbon-based nanomaterials in subsurface systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiuyan Chen
- College of Hydraulic Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Ecology Institute of the Shandong Academy of Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, China
| | - Yuwei Zhu
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
| | - Yanxiang Li
- The Testing Center of Shandong Bureau, China Metallurgical Geology Bureau, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Weifeng Chen
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education/Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Eco-physiology/School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China
| | - Taotao Lu
- College of Hydraulic Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
| | - Zhichong Qi
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
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Zhang M, Bradford SA, Klumpp E, Šimůnek J, Wang S, Wan Q, Jin C, Qiu R. Significance of Non-DLVO Interactions on the Co-Transport of Functionalized Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes and Soil Nanoparticles in Porous Media. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:10668-10680. [PMID: 35731699 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c00681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (DLVO) theory is typically used to quantify surface interactions between engineered nanoparticles (ENPs), soil nanoparticles (SNPs), and/or porous media, which are used to assess environmental risk and fate of ENPs. This study investigates the co-transport behavior of functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with positively (goethite nanoparticles, GNPs) and negatively (bentonite nanoparticles, BNPs) charged SNPs in quartz sand (QS). The presence of BNPs increased the transport of MWCNTs, but GNPs inhibited the transport of MWCNTs. In addition, we, for the first time, observed that the transport of negatively (BNPs) and positively (GNPs) charged SNPs was facilitated by the presence of MWCNTs. Traditional mechanisms associated with competitive blocking, heteroaggregation, and classic DLVO calculations cannot explain such phenomena. Direct examination using batch experiments and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, asymmetric flow field flow fractionation (AF4) coupled to UV and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (AF4-UV-ICP-MS), and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations demonstrated that MWCNTs-BNPs or MWCNT-GNPs complexes or aggregates can be formed during co-transport. Non-DLVO interactions (e.g., H-bonding and Lewis acid-base interaction) helped to explain observed MWCNT deposition, associations between MWCNTs and both SNPs (positively or negatively), and co-transport. This research sheds novel insight into the transport of MWCNTs and SNPs in porous media and suggests that (i) mutual effects between colloids (e.g., heteroaggregation, co-transport, and competitive blocking) need to be considered in natural soil; and (ii) non-DLVO interactions should be comprehensively considered when evaluating the environmental risk and fate of ENPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaoyue Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Waihuan East Road, No. 132, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Scott A Bradford
- Sustainable Agricultural Water Systems (SAWS) Unit, USDA, ARS, UC Davis, 239 Hopkins Road, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Erwin Klumpp
- Agrosphere Institute (IBG-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Jiri Šimůnek
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Shizhong Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Waihuan East Road, No. 132, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Quan Wan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural & Rural Pollution Abatement and Environmental Safety, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China
| | - Chao Jin
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Waihuan East Road, No. 132, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Rongliang Qiu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Waihuan East Road, No. 132, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural & Rural Pollution Abatement and Environmental Safety, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China
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10
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Liang Y, Luo Y, Shen C, Bradford SA. Micro- and nanoplastics retention in porous media exhibits different dependence on grain surface roughness and clay coating with particle size. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 221:118717. [PMID: 35749921 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The presence and/or coating of natural colloids (e.g., clays and metal oxides or hydroxides) on collector surfaces has frequently been demonstrated to enhance the retention of engineered colloids that are negatively charged due to favorable electrostatic interactions. However, this work demonstrates that the presence of natural clay coating can lead to reduced or nonmonotonic retention of micro- and nanoplastics (MNPs). Column experiments were carried out to systematically investigate the transport of MNPs with different sizes in relatively smooth and rough sands that had various clay coating fractions. These coating fractions on the collector were found to significantly influence MNP retention in a complex manner that changed with the colloid size and the roughness properties of the sand. This observation was attributed to the impact of clay coatings on the roughness and morphology properties of collector surfaces that were dominant over surface charge. Scanning electron microscopy and interaction energy calculations on surfaces with pillars or valleys indicate that mechanisms that contributed to MNP retention changed with the colloid size. In particular, retention of nanosized plastics was mainly controlled by interactions on convex/concave locations that changed with the solution chemistry, whereas microsized plastics were also strongly influenced by the applied hydrodynamic torque and straining processes. Additionally, the significant sensitivity of MNP retention under a low-level ionic strength also reflects the importance of roughness and charge heterogeneities. These observations are important for investigating the mechanisms of colloid transport in natural systems that ubiquitously exhibit clay coating on their surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liang
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
| | - Yonglu Luo
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Chongyang Shen
- Department of Soil and Water Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Scott A Bradford
- Sustainable Agricultural Water Systems Unit, USDA, ARS, Davis, CA 95616, United States
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11
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Wang K, Ma Y, Sun B, Yang Y, Zhang Y, Zhu L. Transport of silver nanoparticles coated with polyvinylpyrrolidone of various molecular sizes in porous media: Interplay of polymeric coatings and chemically heterogeneous surfaces. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 429:128247. [PMID: 35065312 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are usually capped with stabilizing agents to protect their activities and improve stability. Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) is one of the most used capping agents of AgNPs, and may affect the transport of AgNPs in porous media. The transport and retention of AgNPs capped with PVPs of different molecular weights (PVP10-AgNP, PVP40-AgNP and PVP360-AgNP) in uncoated, and humic acid (HA)-, kaolinite (KL)- and ferrihydrite (FH)-coated sand porous media were investigated. Among the three AgNPs, PVP360-AgNP exhibited the highest mobility and eluted from all types of porous media. This is because PVPs of higher molecular weight provided stronger steric effect and electrostatic repulsive forces among PVP-AgNPs, inducing stronger blocking and shadow effects. The transport of the PVP-AgNPs increased in the HA-Sand columns, while decreased in the KL- and FH-Sand columns, especially for PVP10-AgNP and PVP40-AgNP. The simulation results using one-site kinetic model indicated that HA-Sand reduced the maximum retention capacity (Smax), while KL- and FH-Sand increased the Smax as well as the first-order attachment rate coefficients (katt), particularly at high ionic strength. The results shed light on the interplay of the capping agents of AgNPs and the surface heterogeneity on the transport of AgNPs in porous media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunkun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, PR China
| | - Yi Ma
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, PR China
| | - Binbin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, PR China
| | - Yi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, PR China
| | - Yinqing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, PR China
| | - Lingyan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, PR China.
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12
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Xu L, Liang Y, Liao C, Xie T, Zhang H, Liu X, Lu Z, Wang D. Cotransport of micro- and nano-plastics with chlortetracycline hydrochloride in saturated porous media: Effects of physicochemical heterogeneities and ionic strength. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 209:117886. [PMID: 34861437 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Global production and use of plastics have resulted in the wide dissemination of micro- and nano-plastics (MNPs) to the natural environment. Potentially acting as a vector, the role of MNPs on the fate and transport of environmental pollutants (e.g., antibiotics such as chlortetracycline hydrochloride; CTC) has garnered global concern recently. Herein, the cotransport of MNPs and CTC in columns packed with uncoated sand or soil colloid-coated sand (SCCS) under different degrees of physicochemical heterogeneity and ionic strength was systematically explored. Our results show that MNPs and CTC inhibit the transport of each other when they coexist. The adsorption of CTC onto sand grains, soil colloids, and MNPs, as well as the aggregation of MNPs in the presence of CTC could be the major contributors to the enhanced retention of CTC and MNPs. In SCCS with different degrees of soil colloid coating, the adsorption of CTC on soil colloids is critical to influence the transport of CTC, and the nonlinear retention of MNPs to soil colloids is mainly attributed to the alteration of collector surface roughness by soil colloids. High ionic strength slightly facilitates CTC transport due to the competition for adsorption sites and the formation of CTC macromolecules, but significantly inhibits MNPs transport by suppressing the electrostatic double layers based on colloid stability theory. Consequently, the cotransport of MNPs and CTC is governed by the coupled interplay of collector surface roughness and chemical heterogeneity, due to the soil colloid coatings and the adsorbed CTC on the surfaces associated with solution chemistries such as ionic strength. Increased cotransport of MNPs and CTC occurred under a higher concentration of MNPs due to a larger number of adsorption sites for CTC. Our findings advance the current understanding of the complex cotransport of MNPs and antibiotics in the environment. This information is valuable for understanding contaminant fate and formulating strategies for environmental remediation due to the contamination of MNPs and co-occurring contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilin Xu
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Yan Liang
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; Guangxi Bossco Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd, Nanning 530007, China.
| | - Changjun Liao
- Guangxi Bossco Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Tian Xie
- Guangxi Bossco Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Hanbin Zhang
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Xingyu Liu
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Zhiwei Lu
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Dengjun Wang
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, United States
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13
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Zhu S, Zhao W, Wang P, Zhao L, Jin C, Qiu R. Co-transport and retention of zwitterionic ciprofloxacin with nano-biochar in saturated porous media: Impact of oxidized aging. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 779:146417. [PMID: 33743454 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
While biochar (BC) is used for contaminant remediation (i.e. antibiotics) in the field, geochemical aging can alter its chemical structure, releasing nano-sized BC (NBC, sizes ranging from approximately 200 nm to 500 nm), and further influence the environmental behaviour of antibiotics affiliated with BC. In this study, we comprehensively examined the sorption behaviour of NBCs with and without aging toward ciprofloxacin (CIP), their aggregation performance, and transport behaviour in porous media. The results showed that aging improved the oxygen-containing groups within the NBCs and made their surfaces more negatively charged. The thermodynamic enhancements of specific interactions (i.e. π-π interaction or Coulombic force) with CIP resulted in the enhancement of slow sorption (from 60-64% to 40-58%) and a higher normalised sorption capacity (Qe). The aggregation of NBCs was affected by changes in individual specific interactions and interfacial forces between the NBCs before and after CIP sorption. Further, aging could enhance the transport of NBCs both in the absence and presence of CIP. In addition to the interaction with the quartz sand surface, the contributions of aggregation and chemical heterogeneity caused by rebalanced specific interactions with CIP, may explain the observed transport behaviours of the aged NBCs in porous media. Additionally, the presence of NBCs, regardless of aging, suppressed the transport of CIP. Thus, mechanisms such as increased sorption sites due to aggregation and competitive sorption between NBCs and CIP, rather than the contribution of co-transport from NBCs, might play an important role in determining the fate of CIP in the natural environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shishu Zhu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Weigao Zhao
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Pan Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Lingan Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Chao Jin
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China.
| | - Rongliang Qiu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
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14
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Zhang M, Bradford SA, Klumpp E, Šimůnek J, Jin C, Qiu R. Non-monotonic contribution of nonionic surfactant on the retention of functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes in porous media. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 407:124874. [PMID: 33373966 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The concentration of nonionic surfactants like Triton X-100 (TX100) can influence the transport and fate of emerging contaminants (e.g., carbon nanotubes) in porous media, but limited research has previously addressed this issue. This study investigates the co-transport of functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and various concentrations of TX100 in saturated quartz sand (QS). Batch experiments and molecular dynamics simulations were conducted to investigate the interactions between TX100 and MWCNTs. Results indicated that the concentration ratio of MWCNTs and TX100 strongly influences the dispersion of MWCNTs and interaction forces between MWCNTs and QS during the transport. Breakthrough curves of MWCNTs and TX100 and retention profiles of MWCNTs were determined and simulated in column studies. MWCNTs strongly enhanced the retention of TX100 in QS due to the high affinity of TX100 for MWCNTs. Conversely, the concentration of TX100 had a non-monotonic impact on MWCNT retention. The maximum transport of MWCNTs in the QS occurred at an input concentration of TX100 that was lower than the critical micelle concentration. This suggests that the relative importance of factors influencing MWCNTs changed with TX100 sorption. Results from interaction energy calculations and modeling of competitive blocking indicate that the predictive ability of interaction energy calculations and colloid filtration theory may be lost because TX100 mainly altered intermolecular forces between the MWCNT and porous media. This study provides new insights into the co-transport of surfactants and MWCNTs in porous media, which can be useful for environmental applications and risk management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaoyue Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab for Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Scott A Bradford
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, U. S. Salinity Laboratory, Riverside, CA 92507, USA
| | - Erwin Klumpp
- Agrosphere Institute (IBG-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Jirka Šimůnek
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Chao Jin
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab for Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
| | - Rongliang Qiu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab for Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China.
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15
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Bradford SA, Sasidharan S, Kim H, Gomez-Flores A, Li T, Shen C. Colloid Interaction Energies for Surfaces with Steric Effects and Incompressible and/or Compressible Roughness. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:1501-1510. [PMID: 33470105 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c03029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Colloid aggregation and retention in the presence of macromolecular coatings (e.g., adsorbed polymers, surfactants, proteins, biological exudates, and humic materials) have previously been correlated with electric double layer interactions or repulsive steric interactions, but the underlying causes are not fully resolved. An interaction energy model that accounts for double layer, van der Waals, Born, and steric interactions as well as nanoscale roughness and charge heterogeneity on both surfaces was extended, and theoretical calculations were conducted to address this gap in knowledge. Macromolecular coatings may produce steric interactions in the model, but non-uniform or incomplete surface coverage may also create compressible nanoscale roughness with a charge that is different from the underlying surface. Model results reveal that compressible nanoscale roughness reduces the energy barrier height and the magnitude of the primary minimum at separation distances exterior to the adsorbed organic layer. The depth of the primary minimum initially alters (e.g., increases or decreases) at separation distances smaller than the adsorbed organic coating because of a decrease in the compressible roughness height and an increase in the roughness fraction. However, further decreases in the separation distance create strong steric repulsion that dominates the interaction energy profile and limits the colloid approach distance. Consequently, adsorbed organic coatings on colloids can create shallow primary minimum interactions adjacent to organic coatings that can explain enhanced stability and limited amounts of aggregation and retention that have commonly been observed. The approach outlined in this manuscript provides an improved tool that can be used to design adsorbed organic coatings for specific colloid applications or interpret experimental observations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Salini Sasidharan
- USDA, ARS, SAWS Unit, Davis, California 95616, United States
- Environmental Sciences Department, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Hyunjung Kim
- Department of Mineral Resources and Energy Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, 664-14 Deokjin, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Allan Gomez-Flores
- Department of Mineral Resources and Energy Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, 664-14 Deokjin, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Tiantian Li
- Department of Soil and Water Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chongyang Shen
- Department of Soil and Water Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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16
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Aggregation and transport behavior of goethite colloids as affected by dissolved organic matter and pH: Electrostatic vs. hydrophilic interactions. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.125639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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17
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Wang Y, Wan Q, Liu B, Wei Z, Zhang M, Tang Y. Co-transport and competitive retention of different ionic rare earth elements (REEs) in quartz sand: Effect of kaolinite. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 722:137779. [PMID: 32208243 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The increasing excavation and utilization of rare earth elements (REEs) have resulted in an elevated release of these elements into the environment. Therefore, investigating the transport behavior of REEs is critical for a comprehensive understanding of their geochemical cycles and to propose potential pollution control strategies. This study investigated the transport, co-transport, and competitive retention of three REEs: La (a light REE), Gd (a middle REE), and Yb (a heavy REE), as well as the co-transport of REEs and kaolinite (a representative clay mineral) in porous media. Both observed and simulated breakthrough curves and retention profiles demonstrated that all ionic REEs exhibited considerable breakthrough and slight retention with almost uniform shapes in quartz sand (QS) owing to the weak affinity of ionic REEs to QS. The breakthrough of REEs in all experiments followed the order of La > Gd > Yb, indicating that REE breakthrough increased with decreasing atomic number. The same elements exhibited their highest breakthrough during the co-transport of the three REEs, followed by co-transport of two REEs, and finally single transport. Furthermore, mathematical modeling indicated that the retention of REEs in QS was a predominantly kinetic process, whereby competitive blocking was the dominant mechanism for the enhanced breakthrough of REEs during co-transport, as compared to single transport. The co-transport of REEs and kaolinite demonstrated that kaolinite has a slight influence on the transport of REEs in QS under adsorption kinetics. However, REEs inhibited the transport and strongly enhanced the retention of kaolinite in QS due to a decreasing electrostatic repulsion between kaolinite and QS in the presence of REEs, even if the adsorption of REEs onto kaolinite was weak under adsorption kinetics. Therefore, this study increases our understanding of the transport mechanisms of REEs in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Wang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Quan Wan
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Beibei Liu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zikai Wei
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Miaoyue Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Yetao Tang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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18
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Xing Y, Chen X, Wagner RE, Zhuang J, Chen X. Coupled effect of colloids and surface chemical heterogeneity on the transport of antibiotics in porous media. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 713:136644. [PMID: 31955105 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Release of antibiotics into the environment has caused ecological and human health concerns in recent years. However, little is known about their transport behaviors in chemically heterogeneous porous media. In this study, we investigated the coupled effects of surface chemistry and soil colloids on the transport of ciprofloxacin and tetracycline through sand under steady state saturated flow conditions. Both antibiotics had a much higher capacity of adsorption on soil colloids (17,500 mg/kg for ciprofloxacin and 8600 mg/kg for tetracycline) than on sand (5.11 mg/kg for ciprofloxacin and 2.80 mg/kg for tetracycline). However, ciprofloxacin adsorption increased to 8.91 mg/kg after the sand was coated with iron oxide and to 8.73 mg/kg after the sand was coated with humic acid. Tetracycline, adsorption increased to 7.99 mg/kg after sand was coated with iron oxide coated sand and to 8.35 mg/kg after the sand was coated with humic acid coated The high adsorption capacity of ciprofloxacin led to a recovery rate of <4% in the effluents of the columns containing 0%, 20% and 50% of iron oxide/humic acid coated sand. The surface coating decreased the recovery rates of tetracycline from 35.4% (in uncoated sand) to 12.0% (in column containing 50% iron oxide coated sand) and 0.010% (in column containing 50% humic acid coated sand), respectively. Once adsorbed to soil colloids, the recovery rate of ciprofloxacin increased by 26.7% in uncoated sand column, 21.1% in iron oxide coated sand column, and 32.7% in humic acid coated sand column. Similarly, the presence of the colloids increased the recovery rate of tetracycline from 13.8% to 33.2% after the sand was coated with humic acid. Colloids did not significantly influence the transport and recovery of tetracycline in the uncoated sand and iron oxide coated sand due likely to its lower adsorption affinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingna Xing
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Ecology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250103, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Regan E Wagner
- Department of Biosystems Engineering and Soil Science, Institute for a Secure and Sustainable Environment, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Jie Zhuang
- Department of Biosystems Engineering and Soil Science, Institute for a Secure and Sustainable Environment, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Xijuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China.
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19
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Liang Y, Zhou J, Dong Y, Klumpp E, Šimůnek J, Bradford SA. Evidence for the critical role of nanoscale surface roughness on the retention and release of silver nanoparticles in porous media. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 258:113803. [PMID: 31864922 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Although nanoscale surface roughness has been theoretically demonstrated to be a crucial factor in the interaction of colloids and surfaces, little experimental research has investigated the influence of roughness on colloid or silver nanoparticle (AgNP) retention and release in porous media. This study experimentally examined AgNP retention and release using two sands with very different surface roughness properties over a range of solution pH and/or ionic strength (IS). AgNP transport was greatly enhanced on the relatively smooth sand in comparison to the rougher sand, at higher pH, and lower IS and fitted model parameters showed systematic changes with these physicochemical factors. Complete release of the retained AgNPs was observed from the relatively smooth sand when the solution IS was decreased from 40 mM NaCl to deionized (DI) water and then the solution pH was increased from 6.5 to 10. Conversely, less than 40% of the retained AgNPs was released in similar processes from the rougher sand. These observations were explained by differences in the surface roughness of the two sands which altered the energy barrier height and the depth of the primary minimum with solution chemistry. Limited numbers of AgNPs apparently interacted in reversible, shallow primary minima on the smoother sand, which is consistent with the predicted influence of a small roughness fraction (e.g., pillar) on interaction energies. Conversely, larger numbers of AgNPs interacted in deeper primary minima on the rougher sand, which is consistent with the predicted influence at concave locations. These findings highlight the importance of surface roughness and indicate that variations in sand surface roughness can greatly change the sensitivity of nanoparticle transport to physicochemical factors such as IS and pH due to the alteration of interaction energy and thus can strongly influence nanoparticle mobility in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liang
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, Nanning, China
| | - Jini Zhou
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Yawen Dong
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Erwin Klumpp
- Agrosphere Institute, IBG-3, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Jiří Šimůnek
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Scott A Bradford
- US Salinity Laboratory, USDA, ARS, Riverside, CA, United States.
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Lu L, Chen B. Biochar-amendment-reduced cotransport of graphene oxide nanoparticles and dimethyl phthalate in saturated porous media. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 705:135094. [PMID: 31837545 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Production and application of graphene oxide (GO) and biochar for water and soil treatment is steadily growing, driving the necessity to understand the cotransport behavior of contaminants and GO nanoparticles in porous media and the possible effect of biochar to reduce their cotransport. The cotransport of GO nanoparticles and dimethyl phthalate (DMP) as a model in a sand column and biochar-amended sand column (biochar column) was compared. The transport of DMP in the test columns was independent of the solution ionic strength (IS), while the transport of GO decreased with increased IS due to the enhanced aggregation of GO nanoparticles. The sand column had no retention capacity (less than 1%) for DMP, while the biochar column had significantly increased retention of DMP (100%). The retention of GO in the biochar column was significantly higher than that of the sand column because biochar can improve the roughness of the media and adsorb GO via π-π interactions. Under low-IS conditions, GO facilitated DMP transport by providing vehicles and adsorption sites (vehicle effect). Due to reversible adsorption-desorption, the adsorbed DMP on GO could be released, resulting in tailing during the flushing phase. The vehicle effect of GO on DMP transport was significantly weakened in the biochar columns, and DMP tailing during the flushing phase was not observed in the biochar columns, which was attributed to the strong retention/adsorption of the biochar columns for both GO and DMP, higher affinity of DMP on biochar than GO, and desorption hysteresis of DMP on biochar. These observations are important for evaluating the potential role of biochar in soil and water remediation, as well as mitigating the health risks of GO and organic contaminants in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lun Lu
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollutant Process and Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Baoliang Chen
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollutant Process and Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.
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Adrian YF, Schneidewind U, Bradford SA, Šimůnek J, Klumpp E, Azzam R. Transport and retention of engineered silver nanoparticles in carbonate-rich sediments in the presence and absence of soil organic matter. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 255:113124. [PMID: 31622956 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The transport and retention behavior of polymer- (PVP-AgNP) and surfactant-stabilized (AgPURE) silver nanoparticles in carbonate-dominated saturated and unconsolidated porous media was studied at the laboratory scale. Initial column experiments were conducted to investigate the influence of chemical heterogeneity (CH) and nano-scale surface roughness (NR) arising from mixtures of clean, positively charged calcium carbonate sand (CCS), and negatively charged quartz sands. Additional column experiments were performed to elucidate the impact of CH and NR arising from the presence and absence of soil organic matter (SOM) on a natural carbonate-dominated aquifer material. The role of the nanoparticle capping agent was examined under all conditions tested in the column experiments. Nanoparticle transport was well described using a numerical model that facilitated blocking on one or two retention sites. Results demonstrate that an increase in CCS content in the artificially mixed porous medium leads to delayed breakthrough of the AgNPs, although AgPURE was much less affected by the CCS content than PVP-AgNPs. Interestingly, only a small portion of the solid surface area contributed to AgNP retention, even on positively charged CCS, due to the presence of NR which weakened the adhesive interaction. The presence of SOM enhanced the retention of AgPURE on the natural carbonate-dominated aquifer material, which can be a result of hydrophobic or hydrophilic interactions or due to cation bridging. Surprisingly, SOM had no significant impact on PVP-AgNP retention, which suggests that a reduction in electrostatic repulsion due to the presence of SOM outweighs the relative importance of other binding mechanisms. Our findings are important for future studies related to AgNP transport in shallow unconsolidated calcareous and siliceous sands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yorck F Adrian
- Department of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology, RWTH Aachen University, Lochnerstr. 4-20, 52064 Aachen, Germany
| | - Uwe Schneidewind
- Department of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology, RWTH Aachen University, Lochnerstr. 4-20, 52064 Aachen, Germany; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Western University, London, ON N6A3K7, Canada
| | | | - Jirka Šimůnek
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Erwin Klumpp
- Agrosphere (IBG-3), Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Rafig Azzam
- Department of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology, RWTH Aachen University, Lochnerstr. 4-20, 52064 Aachen, Germany
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22
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Kananizadeh N, Lee J, Mousavi ES, Rodenhausen KB, Sekora D, Schubert M, Bartelt-Hunt S, Schubert E, Zhang J, Li Y. Deposition of titanium dioxide nanoparticles onto engineered rough surfaces with controlled heights and properties. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2019.03.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Zhang M, Bradford SA, Šimůnek J, Vereecken H, Klumpp E. Co-transport of multi-walled carbon nanotubes and sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate in chemically heterogeneous porous media. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 247:907-916. [PMID: 30823345 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.01.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are increasing used in commercial applications and may be released into the environment with anionic surfactants, such as sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (SDBS), in sewer discharge. Little research has examined the transport, retention, and remobilization of MWCNTs in the presence or absence of SDBS in porous media with controlled chemical heterogeneity, and batch and column scale studies were therefore undertaken to address this gap in knowledge. The adsorption isotherms of SDBS on quartz sand (QS), goethite coated quartz sand (GQS), and MWCNTs were determined. Adsorption of SDBS (MWCNTs » GQS > QS) decreased zeta potentials for these materials, and produced a charge reversal for goethite. Transport of MWCNTs (5 mg L-1) dramatically decreased with an increase in the fraction of GQS from 0 to 0.1 in the absence of SDBS. Conversely, co-injection of SDBS (10 and 50 mg L-1) and MWCNTs radically increased the transport of MWCNTs when the GQS fraction was 0, 0.1, and 0.3, especially at a higher SDBS concentration, and altered the shape of retention profile. Mathematical modeling revealed that competitive blocking was not the dominant mechanism for the SDBS enhancement of MWCNT transport. Rather, SDBS sorption increased MWCNT transport by increasing electrostatic and/or steric interactions, or creating reversible interactions on rough surfaces. Sequential injection of pulses of MWCNTs and SDBS in sand (0.1 GQS fraction) indicated that SDBS could mobilize some of retained MWCNTs from the top to deeper sand layers, but only a small amount of released MWCNTs were recovered in the effluent. SDBS therefore had a much smaller influence on MWCNT transport in sequential injection than in co-injection, presumably because of a greater energy barrier to MWCNT release than retention. This research sheds novel insight on the roles of competitive blocking, chemical heterogeneity and nanoscale roughness, and injection sequence on MWCNT retention and release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaoyue Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, 510006, Guangzhou, PR China; Agrosphere Institute (IBG-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany.
| | - Scott A Bradford
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, U. S. Salinity Laboratory, Riverside, CA, 92507, USA
| | - Jirka Šimůnek
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Harry Vereecken
- Agrosphere Institute (IBG-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Erwin Klumpp
- Agrosphere Institute (IBG-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany
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Liang Y, Bradford SA, Šimůnek J, Klumpp E. Mechanisms of graphene oxide aggregation, retention, and release in quartz sand. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 656:70-79. [PMID: 30502736 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The roles of graphene oxide (GO) particle geometry, GO surface orientation, surface roughness, and nanoscale chemical heterogeneity on interaction energies, aggregation, retention, and release of GO in porous media were not fully considered in previous studies. Consequently, mechanisms controlling the environmental fate of GO were incompletely or inaccurately quantified. To overcome this limitation, plate-plate interaction energies were modified to account for these factors and used in conjunction with a mathematical model to interpret the results of GO aggregation, retention, and release studies. Calculations revealed that these factors had a large influence on the predicted interaction energy parameters. Similar to previous literature, the secondary minimum was predicted to dominate on smooth, chemically homogeneous surfaces that were oriented parallel to each other, especially at higher ionic strength (IS). Conversely, shallow primary minimum interactions were sometimes predicted to occur on surfaces with nanoscale roughness and chemical heterogeneity due to adsorbed Ca2+ ions, especially when the GO particles were oriented perpendicular to the interacting surface. Experimental results were generally consistent with these predictions and indicated that the primary minimum played a major role in GO retention and the secondary minimum contributed to GO release with IS reduction. Cation exchange (Na+ replacing Ca2+) enhanced GO release with IS reduction when particles were initially deposited in the presence of Ca2+ ions. However, retained GO were always completely recovered into the excess deionized water when the sand pore structure was destroyed during excavation, and this indicates that primary minima were shallow and that the pore structure also played an important role in GO retention. Further evidence for the role of pore structure on GO retention was obtained by conducting experiments in finer textured sand and at higher input concentrations that induced greater aggregation. In both cases, greater GO retention occurred, and retention profiles became more hyperexponential in shape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liang
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Scott A Bradford
- US Salinity Laboratory, USDA, ARS, Riverside, CA, United States.
| | - Jiří Šimůnek
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Erwin Klumpp
- Agrosphere Institute, IBG-3, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
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Yang W, Bradford SA, Wang Y, Sharma P, Shang J, Li B. Transport of biochar colloids in saturated porous media in the presence of humic substances or proteins. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 246:855-863. [PMID: 30623842 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.12.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Application of biochar in the field has received considerable attention in recent years, but there is still little known about the fate and transport of biochar colloids (BCs) in the subsurface. Natural organic matter (NOM), which mainly consists of humic substance (HS) and proteins, is ubiquitous in the natural environment and its dissolved fraction is active and mobile. In this study, the transport of BCs in saturated porous media has been examined in the presence of two HS (humic and fulvic acids) and two proteins. Bull serum albumin (BSA) and Cytochrome c (Cyt) were selected to present the negatively and positively charged protein, respectively. At low and high salt concentration and different pH conditions, the transport of BCs was strongly promoted by HS. HS significantly increased the mobility of BCs in porous media under both low and high salt conditions due to the enhanced electrostatic repulsion and modification of surface roughness and charge heterogeneity. While BC mobility in porous media was suppressed by both BSA and Cyt in the low salt solution, the presence of BSA largely promoted and Cyt slightly enhanced the transport of BCs in high salt solutions. BSA and Cyt adsorption onto BC surface decreased the negative charge of BC and resulted in a less repulsive interaction in low salt solutions. In high salt solutions, the adsorbed BSA layers disaggregated BCs and reduced the strength of the interaction between BC and the sand. Adsorbed Cyt on BCs caused more attractive patches between BC and sand surface, and greater retention than BSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Yang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, The Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation in North China, The Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Scott A Bradford
- US Salinity Laboratory, USDA, ARS, Riverside, CA, 92507, United States
| | - Yang Wang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, The Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation in North China, The Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Prabhakar Sharma
- School of Ecology and Environment Studies, Nalanda University, Rajgir, Nalanda, Bihar, India
| | - Jianying Shang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, The Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation in North China, The Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Baoguo Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, The Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation in North China, The Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100193, China
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Shen C, Bradford SA, Flury M, Huang Y, Wang Z, Li B. DLVO Interaction Energies for Hollow Particles: The Filling Matters. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:12764-12775. [PMID: 30296101 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b02547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A thorough knowledge of the interaction energy between a hollow particle (HP) and a surface or between two HPs is critical to the optimization of HP-based products and assessing the environmental risks of HPs and HP-associated pollutants. The van der Waals (vdW) energy between a HP and a surface is often calculated by subtracting the vdW energies of the inner and outer HP geometries. In this study, we show that this subtraction method is only valid when the interior and exterior fluids are the same, for example, for water-filled HPs (WHPs) dispersed in an aqueous solution. Expressions were developed to calculate the vdW energies for HPs whose interiors were filled with air (AHPs). The vdW energies were then calculated between a planar surface and a spherical or cylindrical WHP and AHP, and between WHPs or AHPs. The vdW attraction between a surface and a WHP was decreased at large separation distances compared to solid particles, and this reduced the depth of the secondary minimum. In contrast, the vdW attraction for AHPs and a surface was significantly reduced at all separation distances, and even became repulsive for thin shells, and this inhibited both primary and secondary minimum interactions. The vdW attraction between WHPs decreased with increasing shell thicknesses, and this reduced aggregation in both primary and secondary minima. In contrast, aggregation of AHPs was increased in both minima with decreasing shell thicknesses because of an increase in vdW attraction. Our theoretical calculations show the evolution of vdW and total interaction energies for HPs with different interior fluids and shell thicknesses. These results help explain various experimental observations such as inhibited attachment and favorable aggregation for AHPs (e.g., carbon nanotubes) and favorable bubble coalescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongyang Shen
- Department of Soil and Water Sciences, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences , China Agricultural University , No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road , Haidian District, Beijing 100193 , China
| | - Scott A Bradford
- USDA, ARS, U.S. Salinity Laboratory , 450 West Big Springs Road , Riverside , California 92507-4617 , United States
| | - Markus Flury
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences , Washington State University , 2606 W Pioneer , Puyallup , Washington 98371 , United States
| | - Yuanfang Huang
- Department of Soil and Water Sciences, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences , China Agricultural University , No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road , Haidian District, Beijing 100193 , China
| | - Zhan Wang
- College of Land and Environment , Shenyang Agricultural University , No. 120 Dongling Road , Shenhe District, Shenyang , Liaoning 110866 , China
| | - Baoguo Li
- Department of Soil and Water Sciences, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences , China Agricultural University , No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road , Haidian District, Beijing 100193 , China
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Dong Z, Qiu Y, Zhang W, Yang Z, Wei L. Size-dependent transport and retention of micron-sized plastic spheres in natural sand saturated with seawater. WATER RESEARCH 2018; 143:518-526. [PMID: 30007255 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
A series of one-dimensional column experiments were conducted to investigate the transport and retention of micron-sized plastic spheres (MPs) with diameters of 0.1-2.0 μm in seawater-saturated sand. In seawater with salinity of 35 PSU (practical salinity units), the mass percentages recovered from the effluent (Meff) of the larger MPs increased from 13.6% to 41.3%, as MP size decreased from 2.0 μm to 0.8 μm. This occurred because of the gradual reduction of physical straining effect of MPs in the pores between sands. The smaller MPs (0.6, 0.4, and 0.1 μm) showed the stronger inhibition of MPs mobility, with Meff values of 11.5%, 11.9%, and 9.8%, respectively. This was due to the lower energy barriers (from 108 kBT to 16 kBT) between the smaller MPs and the sand surface, when compared with the larger MPs (from 296 kBT to 161 kBT). In particular, the aggregation of MPs (0.6 or 0.4 μm) triggered a progressive decrease in MP concentration in the effluent. Retention experiments showed that the vertical migration distance of most MP colloids was 0-4 cm at the inlet of column. For 0.6 or 0.4 μm MPs, the particles were concentrated over a 0-2 cm vertical distance. Moreover, the salinity (35-3.5 PSU) did not affect the transport of the larger MPs (2.0-0.8 μm). However, as seawater salinity decreased from 35 PSU to 17.5 or 3.5 PSU, the aggregation of the smaller MPs (0.6-0.1 μm) was dramatically inhibited or completely prevented. Meanwhile, ripening of the sand surface by the MPs (0.6 and 0.4 μm) no longer occurred. By contrast, all MPs in deionized water (0 PSU) achieved complete column breakthroughs because of the strong repulsive energy barrier (from 218 kBT to 4192 kBT) between the MPs and the sand surface. Consequently, we find that the transport and retention of MPs in sandy marine environment strongly relies on both the MP size and the salinity levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yuping Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Wen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zhenglong Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiading Campus, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China
| | - Li Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
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Fang J, Shen B, Cheng L, Wang M, Zhang L, Lin D. Oxytetracycline increases the mobility of carbon nanotubes in porous media. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 628-629:1130-1138. [PMID: 30045536 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.02.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The effect of engineered nanoparticles on the mobility of co-existing contaminants has been increasingly studied, while the reverse effect receives little attention. This study provides results from investigating the effect of oxytetracycline (OTC) on the mobility of oxidized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (O-MWCNTs) in quartz sand (QS) columns at various solution ionic strengths (ISs) and pHs. The mobility of O-MWCNTs in QS columns was significantly enhanced by the presence of OTC under all of the tested solution conditions (IS: 0.1, 1.0, and 10mM; pH: 3.0, 5.5, and 8.5), with an increase of 8.6-50.9%. Such enhancement was nonlinear over OTC concentration, which firstly increased (0 to 2.5mgL-1 OTC) and then decreased (2.5 to 20mgL-1OTC) at pH5.5. The major contributor to the OTC-enhanced O-MWCNTs mobility was competition of the two analytes for adsorption sites on the QS surface. Batch attachment results show that the adsorption of O-MWCNTs in the presence of OTC onto QS was also nonlinear with OTC concentration (firstly decreased and then increased with increasing OTC) at pH5.5, which gave the plausible explanation for the nonlinear enhancement of O-MWCNTs transport in QS columns by the presence of OTC. In turn, both the carrier and competition actions of O-MWCNTs determined the mobility of OTC in QS columns and the carrier action was stronger when more OTC was associated with O-MWCNTs in the influent. These results imply that the mobility of O-MWCNTs in OTC polluted water and soil can be significantly stronger than that in non-polluted area. CAPSULE OTC can increase the migration of O-MWCNTs mainly through the competition for adsorption sites on collectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Fang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310012, PR China
| | - Bing Shen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310012, PR China; Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Leilei Cheng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310012, PR China; Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Minhao Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310012, PR China; Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Luqing Zhang
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Daohui Lin
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China.
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29
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Yang W, Wang Y, Shang J, Liu K, Sharma P, Liu J, Li B. Antagonistic effect of humic acid and naphthalene on biochar colloid transport in saturated porous media. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 189:556-564. [PMID: 28963973 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.09.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Biochar is a carbon-enriched material derived from organic material pyrolysis under no/limited oxygen, which is widely used for soil amendment, carbon sequestration, and contaminated soil remediation. This study aims to explore the interplay effect of humic acid (HA) and naphthalene on transport of biochar colloid (BC) in saturated porous media. A series of column experiments were conducted to study BC mobility at different concentrations of HA (0, 10, and 20 mg L-1) and naphthalene (0, 0.1, and 0.2 mg L-1). The results showed that increasing HA concentration promoted BCs mobility in porous media by increasing the electrostatic and steric interaction between BCs and collectors. However, the presence of naphthalene reduced the mobility of BCs with naphthalene increasing from 0 to 0.2 mg L-1, because the nonpolar naphthalene adsorbed onto the biochar surface and shielded the negative charge of BCs. The maximum breakthrough C/C0 of BCs was increased from 0.7 to 0.8 with increasing HA concentration from 0 to 20 mg L-1 in the presence of 0.1 mg L-1 naphthalene. This meant that HA still played the role to increase the electrostatic repulsion between BCs with HA and collectors when naphthalene was adsorbed on BCs. BCs breakthrough curves were well described by the two-site kinetic retention model including one reversible retention site and another irreversible retention site. The antagonistic effects of naphthalene and HA on BC transport suggested that the mobility of colloidal biochar particles in naphthalene-polluted soil was dependent on the coupled effects of naphthalene and natural organic matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Yang
- Department of Soil and Water Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Soil and Water Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Jianying Shang
- Department of Soil and Water Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China.
| | - Kesi Liu
- Department of Grassland Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Prabhakar Sharma
- School of Ecology and Environment Studies, Nalanda University, Rajgir, Nalanda, Bihar, India
| | - Juan Liu
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, PR China
| | - Baoguo Li
- Department of Soil and Water Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
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Wang D, Min Park C, Masud A, Aich N, Su C. Carboxymethylcellulose Mediates the Transport of Carbon Nanotube-Magnetite Nanohybrid Aggregates in Water-Saturated Porous Media. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:12405-12415. [PMID: 29037033 PMCID: PMC7375327 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b04037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Carbon-metal oxide nanohybrids (NHs) are increasingly recognized as the next-generation, promising group of nanomaterials for solving emerging environmental issues and challenges. This research, for the first time, systematically explored the transport and retention of carbon nanotube-magnetite (CNT-Fe3O4) NH aggregates in water-saturated porous media under environmentally relevant conditions. A macromolecule modifier, carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), was employed to stabilize the NHs. Our results show that transport of the magnetic CNT-Fe3O4 NHs was lower than that of nonmagnetic CNT due to larger hydrodynamic sizes of NHs (induced by magnetic attraction) and size-dependent retention in porous media. Classical Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (DLVO) theory can explain the mobility of NHs under varying experimental conditions. However, in contrast with colloid filtration theory, a novel transport feature-an initial lower and a following sharp-higher peaks occurred frequently in the NHs' breakthrough curves. The magnitude and location of both transport peaks varied with different experimental conditions, due to the interplay between variability of fluid viscosity and size-selective retention of the NHs. Promisingly, the estimated maximum transport distance of NHs ranged between ∼0.38 and 46 m, supporting the feasibility of employing the magnetically recyclable CNT-Fe3O4 NHs for in situ nanoremediation of contaminated soil, aquifer, and groundwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengjun Wang
- National Research Council, Oklahoma 74820, United States
| | - Chang Min Park
- National Research Council, Oklahoma 74820, United States
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, South Korea
| | - Arvid Masud
- Department of Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Nirupam Aich
- Department of Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Chunming Su
- Groundwater, Watershed, and Ecosystem Restoration Division, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 919 Kerr Research Drive, Ada, Oklahoma 74820, United States
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31
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Bradford SA, Kim H, Shen C, Sasidharan S, Shang J. Contributions of Nanoscale Roughness to Anomalous Colloid Retention and Stability Behavior. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:10094-10105. [PMID: 28846425 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b02445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
All natural surfaces exhibit nanoscale roughness (NR) and chemical heterogeneity (CH) to some extent. Expressions were developed to determine the mean interaction energy between a colloid and a solid-water interface, as well as for colloid-colloid interactions, when both surfaces contain binary NR and CH. The influence of heterogeneity type, roughness parameters, solution ionic strength (IS), mean zeta potential, and colloid size on predicted interaction energy profiles was then investigated. The role of CH was enhanced on smooth surfaces with larger amounts of CH, especially for smaller colloids and higher IS. However, predicted interaction energy profiles were mainly dominated by NR, which tended to lower the energy barrier height and the magnitudes of both the secondary and primary minima, especially when the roughness fraction was small. This dramatically increased the relative importance of primary to secondary minima interactions on net electrostatically unfavorable surfaces, especially when roughness occurred on both surfaces and for conditions that produced small energy barriers (e.g., higher IS, lower pH, lower magnitudes in the zeta potential, and for smaller colloid sizes) on smooth surfaces. The combined influence of roughness and Born repulsion frequently produced a shallow primary minimum that was susceptible to diffusive removal by random variations in kinetic energy, even under electrostatically favorable conditions. Calculations using measured zeta potentials and hypothetical roughness properties demonstrated that roughness provided a viable alternative explanation for many experimental deviations that have previously been attributed to electrosteric repulsion (e.g., a decrease in colloid retention with an increase in solution IS; reversible colloid retention under favorable conditions; and diminished colloid retention and enhanced colloid stability due to adsorbed surfactants, polymers, and/or humic materials).
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott A Bradford
- US Salinity Laboratory, USDA, ARS , Riverside, California 92507, United States
| | - Hyunjung Kim
- Department of Mineral Resources and Energy Engineering, Chonbuk National University , 664-14 Duckjin, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 561-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Chongyang Shen
- Department of Soil and Water Sciences, China Agricultural University , Beijing, China 100193
| | - Salini Sasidharan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California , Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Jianying Shang
- Department of Soil and Water Sciences, China Agricultural University , Beijing, China 100193
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Carstens JF, Bachmann J, Neuweiler I. Effects of flow interruption on transport and retention of iron oxide colloids in quartz sand. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2017.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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33
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Zhang M, Bradford SA, Šimůnek J, Vereecken H, Klumpp E. Roles of cation valance and exchange on the retention and colloid-facilitated transport of functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes in a natural soil. WATER RESEARCH 2017; 109:358-366. [PMID: 27931008 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.11.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Saturated soil column experiments were conducted to investigate the transport, retention, and release behavior of a low concentration (1 mg L-1) of functionalized 14C-labeled multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) in a natural soil under various solution chemistries. Breakthrough curves (BTCs) for MWCNTS exhibited greater amounts of retardation and retention with increasing solution ionic strength (IS) or in the presence of Ca2+ in comparison to K+, and retention profiles (RPs) for MWCNTs were hyper-exponential in shape. These BTCs and RPs were well described using the advection-dispersion equation with a term for time- and depth-dependent retention. Fitted values of the retention rate coefficient and the maximum retained concentration of MWCNTs were higher with increasing IS and in the presence of Ca2+ in comparison to K+. Significant amounts of MWCNT and soil colloid release was observed with a reduction of IS due to expansion of the electrical double layer, especially following cation exchange (when K+ displaced Ca2+) that reduced the zeta potential of MWCNTs and the soil. Analysis of MWCNT concentrations in different soil size fractions revealed that >23.6% of the retained MWCNT mass was associated with water-dispersible colloids (WDCs), even though this fraction was only a minor portion of the total soil mass (2.38%). More MWCNTs were retained on the WDC fraction in the presence of Ca2+ than K+. These findings indicated that some of the released MWCNTs by IS reduction and cation exchange were associated with the released clay fraction, and suggests the potential for facilitated transport of MWCNT by WDCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaoyue Zhang
- Agrosphere Institute (IBG-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany; Institute for Environmental Research (Biology V), RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Scott A Bradford
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, U. S. Salinity Laboratory, Riverside, CA 92507, USA.
| | - Jirka Šimůnek
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Harry Vereecken
- Agrosphere Institute (IBG-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Erwin Klumpp
- Agrosphere Institute (IBG-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
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