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Cui R, Chen A, Hu W, Fu B, Liu G, Zhang D. Appropriate stoichiometric ratios of dissolved organic carbon and nitrate can trigger a transition in nitrate removal in groundwater around plateau lakes, Southwest China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 916:170313. [PMID: 38278230 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Increasing dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in groundwater as a carbon source for microorganisms that stimulate nitrate attenuation is considered a sustainable strategy to mitigate nitrate pollution in groundwater. However, little is known on the stoichiometric ratio of DOC and nitrate required in groundwater nitrate reduction processes, which has become an obstacle for evaluating the current status of DOC limitations on nitrate reduction. Here, the NO3--N and DOC concentrations in groundwater around 8 plateau lakes were investigated, and a microcosm experiment was performed to elucidate the effects of different DOC:NO3--N levels in groundwater on NO3--N reduction, and the current status of DOC limitations on groundwater NO3--N reduction around 8 lakes was further evaluated. The results indicated that nearly 41 % of the groundwater NO3--N concentrations exceeded the WHO threshold for drinking water (11.3 mg L-1) and 79 % of the groundwater DOC concentrations exceeded 5 mg L-1. The differences in groundwater NO3--N and DOC concentrations among the 8 lakes were controlled by the intensity of agricultural and human activities and hydrogeological background. The stoichiometric ratio of DOC:NO3--N regulated the NO3--N reduction process, and groundwater NO3--N accumulation rate appeared to become limited and sharply decreased when the DOC concentration was approximately 10 mg L-1 or when the DOC:NO3--N ratio was close to 1:1, and the DOC:NO3--N ratio threshold for limiting the NO3--N reduction process was approximately 2.25. Based on this threshold, >33 %-86 % of the groundwater samples around the 8 plateau lakes were strongly limited in the reduction of groundwater NO3--N due to a lack of sufficient DOC provides energy for heterotrophic microorganisms. Additionally, we highlight that the sustainable strategy of increasing DOC to stimulate groundwater NO3- attenuation should be combined with short-term strategies to jointly coordinate and control groundwater NO3- pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongyang Cui
- Agricultural Environment and Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610299, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Anqiang Chen
- Agricultural Environment and Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650201, China.
| | - Wanli Hu
- Agricultural Environment and Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Bin Fu
- Agricultural Environment and Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Gangcai Liu
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610299, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China.
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Peng J, Chen J, Liu S, Liu T, Cao M, Nanding N, Zhuang L, Bao A, De Maeyer P. Dynamics of algal blooms in typical low-latitude plateau lakes: Spatiotemporal patterns and driving factors. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 345:123453. [PMID: 38286264 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
The alpine lakes distributed on the plateau are crucial for the hydrological, and biogeochemical cycle, and also serve as a guarantee for regional economic development and human survival. However, under the influence of human interference and climate fluctuations, lakes are facing problems of eutrophication and subsequent algal blooms (ABs) with acceleration, and the development and driving factors of this phenomenon need to be considered as a whole. In this study, ten lakes located on the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau were selected as the study area to analyze the spatiotemporal distribution of ABs and possible controlling forces. The FAI (Floating Algae Index) derived from multiple MODIS products and water quality data under high-frequency monitoring were selected as the data sources for characterizing ABs. Three nutrient parameters and five meteorological variables were used to explore the driving factors affecting ABs. Various methods of trend detection and correlation analysis have been applied. The main results are as follows: (1) Dianchi Lake (in lake area) and Xingyun Lake (in area proportion) are the two lakes with the most serious ABs in the historical period; (2) ABs are mainly distributed on the shoreline and northern edge of lakes, and tend to stay away from the lake center during high-temperature periods of the day; (3) Six lakes show a decreasing trend in ABs, especially after 2018, while other lakes (including Fuxian, Chenghai, Yangzong, and Erhai) are increasing, not only in peak value but also in duration; (4) Lakes with severe ABs are all P-restricted lakes, the minimum temperature is the most sensitive meteorological factor, while the impact of precipitation against ABs has a time lag; (5) Establishing a warning system of temperature and nutrient concentration is critical in ABs adaptive strategy. This study is expected to provide scientific references for regional water management and the restoration of the eutrophic aquatic ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabin Peng
- School of Earth Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Junxu Chen
- School of Earth Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China; International Joint Research Center for Karstology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China.
| | - Shiyin Liu
- Institute of International Rivers and Eco-security, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Tie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China
| | - Min Cao
- School of Earth Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China; International Joint Research Center for Karstology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China
| | - Nergui Nanding
- School of Earth Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Liangyu Zhuang
- Institute of International Rivers and Eco-security, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Anming Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China
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Zhang Q, Guo X, Zhao T, Jin C, Xiao C, He Y. Atmospheric organic nitrogen deposition around the Danjiangkou Reservoir: Fluxes, characteristics and evidence of agricultural source. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 341:122906. [PMID: 37952919 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) deposition was the substantial component of dissolved total nitrogen (DTN) deposition in the world's nitrogen deposition hot spots areas. However, the information on the importance for DON deposition and its sources was still scarce, which limited the comprehensive assessment of the ecological threat from nitrogen deposition. Six sampling sites around the Danjiangkou Reservoir were set up to collect the dry and wet deposition samples from October 2017 to September 2021. The results showed that dry and wet DTN deposition averaged 34.72 kg ha-1 yr-1 and 22.27 kg ha-1 yr-1, respectively. Dry NH4+-N, NO3--N and DON deposition averaged 14.28 kg ha-1 yr-1, 5.91 kg ha-1 yr-1 and 14.53 kg ha-1 yr-1, respectively. Wet NH4+-N, NO3--N and DON deposition averaged 11.14 kg ha-1 yr-1, 3.89 kg ha-1 yr-1and 7.24 kg ha-1 yr-1, respectively. The contributions of DON to DTN were 41.85% (in dry deposition) and 32.50% (in wet deposition), respectively. Dry DON deposition varied between 26.44 kg ha-1 yr-1 and 9.11 kg ha-1 yr-1, and significantly differed among six sampling sites (P < 0.05). The different intensity of agricultural activities disturbance at the sampling sites was the important reason for the spatial variations of DON deposition. DON deposition was significantly correlated with ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N) deposition (P < 0.05). According to the results of positive matrix factorization (PMF) model, agriculture source contributed significantly to the DON deposition, the contributions at six sampling sites ranged from 45.8% to 73.7% in dry deposition, and from 56.8% to 81.6% in wet deposition. In summary, our findings found that agricultural activities were the important factors influencing the spatial patterns of DON deposition around Danjiangkou Reservoir and provided new evidence for the anthropogenic source of DON deposition in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingmiao Zhang
- Institute of Resources & Environment, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, 454003, China
| | - Xiaoming Guo
- Institute of Resources & Environment, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, 454003, China.
| | - Tongqian Zhao
- Institute of Resources & Environment, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, 454003, China
| | - Chao Jin
- Institute of Resources & Environment, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, 454003, China
| | - Chunyan Xiao
- Institute of Resources & Environment, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, 454003, China
| | - Yuxiao He
- Institute of Resources & Environment, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, 454003, China
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Song JH, Her Y, Park YS, Yoon K, Kim H. Investigating the applicability and assumptions of the regression relationship between flow discharge and nitrogen concentrations for load estimation. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23603. [PMID: 38226232 PMCID: PMC10788450 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The regression relationship between water discharge rates and nutrient concentrations can provide a quick and straightforward way to estimate nutrient loads. However, recent studies indicated that the relationship might produce large biases in load estimates and, therefore, may not be applicable in certain types of cases. The goal of this study is to explore the theoretical reasons behind the selective applicability of the regression relationship between flow rates and nitrate + nitrite concentrations. For this study, we examined daily flow and nitrate + nitrite concentration observations made at the outlets of 22 watersheds monitored by the Heidelberg Tributary Loading Program (HTLP). The statistical relationship between the flow rates and concentrations was explored using regression equations offered by the LOAD ESTimator (LOADEST). Results demonstrated that the use of the regression equations provided nitrate + nitrite load estimates at acceptable accuracy levels (N S E ≥ 0.35 and | P B I A S | ≤ 30.0 %) in 14 watersheds (64 % of 22 study watersheds). The regression relationships provided highly biased results at eight watersheds (36 %), implying their limited applicability. The heteroscedasticity of the residuals led to the high bias and resulting inaccurate regression, which was commonly found in watersheds where low flow had high nitrate + nitrite concentration variations. Conversely, the regression relationships provided acceptable accuracy for watersheds that had a relatively constant variance of the nitrate + nitrite concentrations. The results indicate that the homoscedasticity of residuals is the key assumption to be satisfied to estimate nitrate + nitrite loads from a statistical regression between flow discharge and nitrate + nitrite concentrations. The transport capacity (capacity-limited) concept implicitly assumed in the regression relationship between flow discharge and nitrate + nitrite concentrations is not always applicable, especially to agricultural areas in which nitrate + nitrite loads are highly variable depending on management practices (supply-limited). The findings suggest that the regression relationship should be carefully applied to areas in which intensive agricultural activities, including crop management and conservation practices, are implemented. Thus, the transport capacity concept is reasonably regarded to contribute to the homoscedasticity of residuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Hun Song
- Institute of Green Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Republic of Korea
- Department of Integrated Major in Global Smart Farm, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering & Tropical Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Homestead, FL 33031, USA
| | - Younggu Her
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering & Tropical Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Homestead, FL 33031, USA
| | - Youn Shik Park
- Department of Rural Construction Engineering, Kongju National University, Yesan 32439, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwangsik Yoon
- Department of Rural and Biosystems Engineering & Education and Research Unit for Climate-Smart Reclaimed Tideland Agriculture (BK21 four), Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Hakkwan Kim
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Institutes of Green Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Republic of Korea
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Jiang W, Shen J, Li Y, Wang J, Gong D, Zhu X, Liu X, Liu J, Reis S, Zhu Q, Wu J. Contrasting change trends in dry and wet nitrogen depositions during 2011 to 2020: Evidence from an agricultural catchment in subtropical Central China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 907:168094. [PMID: 37879480 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decade, China has experienced a decline in atmospheric reactive nitrogen (Nr) emissions. Given that China's subtropical region is a significant nitrogen (N) deposition hotspot, it is essential to accurately quantify the ten-year variations in dry and wet N depositions in the context of reductions in atmospheric Nr emissions. Here, we evaluated the spatiotemporal variation in N deposition on forest, paddy field and tea field ecosystems in a typical subtropical agricultural catchment from 2011 to 2020. Our findings indicated a significant decrease in total N deposition in both the tea field ecosystem (41.5-30.5 kg N ha-1) and the forest ecosystem (40.8-25.7 kg N ha-1) (P < 0.05), but no significant change in the paddy field ecosystem (29.3-32.9 kg N ha-1). Specifically, dry N deposition exhibited significant declines except in the paddy field ecosystem, whereas wet N deposition had no significant change. The reduction in total oxidized and reduced N depositions in forest and tea field ecosystems is attributed to the decrease in NOx and NH3 emissions. Additionally, The ratio of NHx deposition to total N deposition all exceeded 0.5 in three ecosystems and the NHx/NOy ratio had an increasing trend (P < 0.05) in the paddy field, indicating that reactive N emissions from agricultural sources were the primary contributor to overall N deposition. Our study emphasizes that despite the decreasing trend in N deposition, it still exceeds the critical loads of natural ecosystems and requires stringent N emissions control, particularly from agricultural sources, in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqian Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Regions, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; Changsha Research Station for Agricultural & Environmental Monitoring, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jianlin Shen
- Key Laboratory for Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Regions, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; Changsha Research Station for Agricultural & Environmental Monitoring, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Yong Li
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Key Laboratory for Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Regions, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; Changsha Research Station for Agricultural & Environmental Monitoring, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Dianlin Gong
- Key Laboratory for Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Regions, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; Changsha Research Station for Agricultural & Environmental Monitoring, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Xiao Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Regions, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; Changsha Research Station for Agricultural & Environmental Monitoring, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Xuejun Liu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ji Liu
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory for Geographical Process Analysis and Simulation, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Stefan Reis
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Bush Estate, Penicuik, Midlothian EH26 0QB, UK
| | - Qihong Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Regions, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; Changsha Research Station for Agricultural & Environmental Monitoring, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jinshui Wu
- Key Laboratory for Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Regions, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; Changsha Research Station for Agricultural & Environmental Monitoring, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Kim Y, Mo A, Seok MW, Jeong JY, Noh JH, Jeong J, Park GH, Lee SE, Kim H, Ko YH, Kim TW. Comparison of inorganic nitrogen concentrations in airborne particles at inshore and offshore sites in the Yellow Sea (2017-2019): Long-range transport and potential impact on marine productivity. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 198:115867. [PMID: 38056292 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric deposition of nitrogen is one of the most important external nutrient sources. We investigated the concentrations of NO3- and NH4+ in airborne particles at both an offshore and an inshore site in the Yellow Sea. At the offshore site, devoid of local sources and located downwind from the highly developed areas of Korea and China, the concentrations of atmospheric particulate NO3- and NH4+ were ∼88 ± 101 nmol m-3 and ∼102 ± 102 nmol m-3, respectively, likely due to the transboundary long-range transport of pollutants. The inshore site showed a concentration ∼2 times higher than the offshore site. Considering not only dry inorganic nitrogen deposition but also wet and organic material deposition, the total atmospheric nitrogen deposition was estimated to contribute roughly 10 % to the new production in the Yellow Sea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yewon Kim
- Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Ahra Mo
- Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Woo Seok
- Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Yong Jeong
- Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, Busan 49111, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hoon Noh
- Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, Busan 49111, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongmin Jeong
- Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, Busan 49111, Republic of Korea
| | - Geun-Ha Park
- Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, Busan 49111, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Eun Lee
- Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, Busan 49111, Republic of Korea
| | - Haryun Kim
- East Sea Research Institute, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, Uljin 36315, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ho Ko
- OJEong Resilience Institute, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Wook Kim
- Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea; OJEong Resilience Institute, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
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Jiang X, Liu C, Cai J, Hu Y, Shao K, Tang X, Gong Y, Yao X, Xu Q, Gao G. Relationships between environmental factors and N-cycling microbes reveal the indirect effect of further eutrophication on denitrification and DNRA in shallow lakes. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 245:120572. [PMID: 37688860 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Traditional views indicate that eutrophication and subsequent algal blooms favor denitrification and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) in lake ecosystems. However, lakes tend to show an increasing propensity for inorganic nitrogen (N) limitation as they become more eutrophic. Thus, the influence of further eutrophication on denitrification and DNRA in eutrophic lakes are unclear due to the uncertainty of N availability. To fill this gap, we investigated the genes abundance (AOA, AOB, nirS, nirK and nrfA) and the composition of N-cycling microbes through quantitative PCR and 16S rRNA sequencing analysis, respectively, in 15 shallow eutrophic lakes of the Yangtze-Huaihe River basin, China. The results indicated that denitrification and DNRA rates could be modulated mainly by their functional gene abundances (nirS, nirK and nrfA), followed by the environmental factors (sediment total organic carbon and nitrogen). Denitrification rates significantly increased from slightly to highly eutrophic lakes, but DNRA rates were not. An explanation is that nitrification provided ample nitrate for denitrification, and this cooperative interaction was indicated by the positive correlation of their gene abundances. In addition, Pseudomonas and Anaeromyxobacter was the dominant genus mediated denitrification and DNRA, showing the potential to perform facultative anaerobic and strict anaerobic nitrate reduction, respectively. High level of dissolved oxygen might favor the facultatively aerobic denitrifiers over the obligately anaerobic fermentative DNRA bacteria in these shallow lakes. Chlorophyll a had a weak but positive effect on the gene abundances for nitrification (AOA and AOB). Further eutrophication had an indirect effect on denitrification and DNRA rates through modulating the genes abundances of N-cycling microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Changqing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jian Cai
- Xiangyang Polytechnic, Xiangyang 441050, China
| | - Yang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Keqiang Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Xiangming Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Yi Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Xiaolong Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Qiujin Xu
- Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Guang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
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Zhang S, Pei L, Zhao Y, Shan J, Zheng X, Xu G, Sun Y, Wang F. Effects of microplastics and nitrogen deposition on soil multifunctionality, particularly C and N cycling. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 451:131152. [PMID: 36934700 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Both nitrogen deposition (ND) and microplastics (MPs) pose global change challenges. The effects of MPs co-existing with ND on ecosystem functions are still largely unknown. Herein, we conducted a 10-month soil incubation experiment to explore the effects of polyethylene (PE) and polylactic acid (PLA) MPs on soil multifunctionality under different ND scenarios. We found that the interactions between ND and MPs affected soil multifucntionality. FAPROTAX function prediction indicated that both ND and MPs affected C and N cycling. ND increased some C-cycling processes, such as cellulolysis, ligninolysis, and plastic degradation. MPs also showed stimulating effects on these processes, particularly in the soil with ND. ND significantly decreased the abundance of functional genes NifH, amoA, and NirK, leading to inhibited N-fixation, nitrification, and denitrification. The addition of MPs also modified N-cycling processes: 0.1% PE enriched the bacterial groups for nitrate reduction, nitrate respiration, nitrite respiration, and nitrate ammonification, and 1% PLA MPs enriched N-fixation bacteria at all ND levels. We found that ND caused lower soil pH but higher soil N, decreased bacterial diversity and richness, and changed the composition and activity of functional bacteria, which explains why ND changed soil functions and regulated the impact of MPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuwu Zhang
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266042, PR China
| | - Lei Pei
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266042, PR China
| | - Yanxin Zhao
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266042, PR China
| | - Jun Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Xuebo Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biology and Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Guangjian Xu
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266042, PR China
| | - Yuhuan Sun
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266042, PR China
| | - Fayuan Wang
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266042, PR China.
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Deng J, Nie W, Huang X, Ding A, Qin B, Fu C. Atmospheric Reactive Nitrogen Deposition from 2010 to 2021 in Lake Taihu and the Effects on Phytoplankton. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:8075-8084. [PMID: 37184340 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c09434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The effects of nitrogen deposition reduction on nutrient loading in freshwaters have been widely studied, especially in remote regions. However, understanding of the ecological effects is still rather limited. Herein, we re-estimated nitrogen deposition, both of wet and dry deposition, in Lake Taihu with monthly monitoring data from 2010 to 2021. Our results showed that the atmospheric deposition of reactive nitrogen (namely NH4+ and NO3-) in Lake Taihu was 4.94-11.49 kton/yr, which equaled 13.9%-27.3% of the riverine loading. Dry deposition of NH4+ and NO3- contributed 53.1% of the bulk deposition in Lake Taihu. Ammonium was the main component of both wet and dry deposition, which may have been due to the strong agriculture-related activities around Lake Taihu. Nitrogen deposition explained 24.9% of the variation in phytoplankton community succession from 2010 to 2021 and was the highest among all the environmental factors. Atmospheric deposition offset the effects of external nitrogen reduction during the early years and delayed the emergence of nitrogen-fixing cyanobacterial dominance in Lake Taihu. Our results implied that a decrease in nitrogen deposition due to a reduction in fertilizer use, especially a decrease in NH4+ deposition, could limit diatoms and promote non-nitrogen-fixing cyanobacterial dominance, followed by nitrogen-fixing taxa. This result was also applied to other shallow eutrophic lakes around the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, where significant reduction of fertilizer use recorded during the last decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianming Deng
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Taihu Laboratory for Lake Ecosystem Research, State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Wei Nie
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xin Huang
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Aijun Ding
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Boqiang Qin
- Taihu Laboratory for Lake Ecosystem Research, State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Congbin Fu
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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10
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Zhang Y, Ma X, Tang A, Fang Y, Misselbrook T, Liu X. Source Apportionment of Atmospheric Ammonia at 16 Sites in China Using a Bayesian Isotope Mixing Model Based on δ 15N-NH x Signatures. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:6599-6608. [PMID: 37039455 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c09796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Reducing atmospheric ammonia (NH3) emissions is critical to mitigating poor air quality. However, the contributions of major agricultural and non-agricultural source emissions to NH3 at receptor sites remain uncertain in many regions, hindering the assessment and implementation of effective NH3 reduction strategies. This study conducted simultaneous measurements of the monthly concentrations and stable nitrogen isotopes of NHx (gaseous NH3 plus particulate NH4+) at 16 sites across China. Ambient NHx concentrations averaged 21.7 ± 19.6 μg m-3 at rural sites, slightly higher than those at urban (19.2 ± 6.0 μg m-3) and three times of those at background (7.0 ± 6.9 μg m-3) sites. Based on revised δ15N values of the initial NH3, source apportionment results indicated that non-agricultural sources (traffic and waste) and agricultural sources (fertilizer and livestock) contributed 54 and 46% to NH3 at urban sites, 51 and 49% at rural sites, and 61 and 39% at background sites, respectively. Non-agricultural sources contributed more to NH3 at rural and background sites in cold than warm seasons, arising from traffic and waste, but were similar across seasons at urban sites. We concluded that non-agricultural sources need to be addressed when reducing ambient NH3 across China, even in rural regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xin Ma
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Aohan Tang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yunting Fang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110164, China
| | | | - Xuejun Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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11
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Wang R, Bei N, Pan Y, Wu J, Liu S, Li X, Yu J, Jiang Q, Tie X, Li G. Urgency of controlling agricultural nitrogen sources to alleviate summertime air pollution in the North China Plain. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 311:137124. [PMID: 36351470 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Agricultural nitrogen sources (ANS) have played an increasingly important role in the air quality since ANS emission controls are much weaker than those for fossil fuel combustion sources due to the increasing food demand. However, ANS emissions are highly uncertain due to stochastic agricultural management activities and limited field measurements, and impacts of ANS on the air quality remain elusive. In the study, the WRF-Chem model has been used to investigate ANS shares in near surface air pollutant concentrations during a growing season in the North China Plain (NCP), with ANS emissions constrained by satellite retrievals. Soil NOX and agricultural NH3 emissions are about 36% and 92% of their total emissions during the growing season. Sensitivity studies demonstrate that ANS count 16.9 μg m-3 (9.9%) of the mean maximum daily average 8-h ozone concentrations (MDA8 [O3]) and 8.9 μg m-3 (31.7%) of fine particulate matter concentrations ([PM2.5]) on average in the NCP. Additionally, the contributions of ANS to MDA8 [O3] and [PM2.5] increase with the deterioration of air pollution in cities. A 50% emission reduction in ANS decreases MDA8 [O3] ([PM2.5]) from 4.2% to 8.4% (from 19.7% to 31.9%) when the air quality changes from being lightly to heavily polluted in terms of MDA8 [O3] (hourly [PM2.5]). Without fossil fuel combustion emissions, the simulated average MDA8 [O3] and [PM2.5] are 111.7 and 8.2 μg m-3 in cities of the NCP, respectively, exceeding the new standards from the World Health Organization. Our study highlights important contributions of ANS to air quality and the urgency of ANS emission abatement for air pollution alleviation during summertime in the NCP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruonan Wang
- Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710061, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Naifang Bei
- School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Yuepeng Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Jiarui Wu
- Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Suixin Liu
- Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Xia Li
- Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Jiaoyang Yu
- Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Qian Jiang
- Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Xuexi Tie
- Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Guohui Li
- Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710061, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, Xi'an, 710061, China.
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12
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Xie L, Gao X, Liu Y, Yang B, Wang B, Zhao J, Xing Q. Atmospheric wet deposition serves as an important nutrient supply for coastal ecosystems and fishery resources: Insights from a mariculture area in North China. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 182:114036. [PMID: 35985129 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
To determine the ecological effects of atmospheric wet deposition of dissolved nutrients on the coastal waters around the Yangma Island, rain and snow samples were collected and analyzed at a shore-based site for one year. The wet deposition fluxes of dissolved inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus (DIN and DIP) and dissolved organic nitrogen and phosphorus were 69.2, 0.136, 13.3 and 0.143 mmol m-2 a-1, respectively. In summer, the new production fueled by wet deposition accounted for 19.3 % of that in seawater and 16.4 % of the amount of particulate organic carbon ingested by the scallops cultivated in the study area, indicating the potential contribution of wet deposition to fishery resources. Meanwhile, precipitation increased the seasonal average DIN/DIP ratios in surface seawater by 17.7 %, 16.3 %, 23.4 % and 6.5 % in spring, summer, autumn and winter, respectively, which could change the composition of ecological community and cause obvious negative impact on the ecosystem and mariculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xie
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xuelu Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China.
| | - Yongliang Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518114, China
| | - Bin Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jianmin Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
| | - Qianguo Xing
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
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13
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Zheng H, Peng J, Qiu S, Xu Z, Zhou F, Xia P, Adalibieke W. Distinguishing the impacts of land use change in intensity and type on ecosystem services trade-offs. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 316:115206. [PMID: 35597216 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Changes in land use intensity and types can affect the structure and function of ecosystems, and thus ecosystem services (ESs) as well as their interactions. However, the impacts of changes in land use intensity on ESs remain poorly understood. Through four different land use scenarios, we distinguished the independent contribution of changes in agricultural land use intensity and types to grain production (GP), water purification (WP), and their trade-offs in the Dongting Lake Basin. The results showed that from 1990 to 2015, GP increased across 58.07% of the total area, but WP decreased across 64.81% of the study area. The two ESs simultaneously increased or decreased across 41.93% of the total area. Watersheds covering 48.72% of the study area where GP increased and WP decreased were mainly distributed in areas with increased land use intensity. The other regions where GP decreased and WP increased were mainly distributed in areas with decreased land use intensity. The scenario analysis of GP, WP, and their trade-offs showed that the areas where agricultural land use intensity was the dominant factor were as large as 1.95 times, 2.38 times, and 2.43 times those dominated by land use type respectively, under the same climate conditions. This study highlighted the importance of changes in agricultural land use intensity on ES, which provided further supporting to ES-based land use management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huining Zheng
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jian Peng
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
| | - Sijing Qiu
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Zihan Xu
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Feng Zhou
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China; Sino-France Institute of Earth Systems Science, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Pei Xia
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Wulahati Adalibieke
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China; Sino-France Institute of Earth Systems Science, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
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14
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Zhang C, Song X, Zhang Y, Wang D, Rees RM, Ju X. Using nitrification inhibitors and deep placement to tackle the trade-offs between NH 3 and N 2 O emissions in global croplands. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:4409-4422. [PMID: 35429205 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ammonia (NH3 ) and nitrous oxide (N2 O) are two important air pollutants that have major impacts on climate change and biodiversity losses. Agriculture represents their largest source and effective mitigation measures of individual gases have been well studied. However, the interactions and trade-offs between NH3 and N2 O emissions remain uncertain. Here, we report the results of a two-year field experiment in a wheat-maize rotation in the North China Plain (NCP), a global hotspot of reactive N emissions. Our analysis is supported by a literature synthesis of global croplands, to understand the interactions between NH3 and N2 O emissions and to develop the most effective approaches to jointly mitigate NH3 and N2 O emissions. Field results indicated that deep placement of urea with nitrification inhibitors (NIs) reduced both emissions of NH3 by 67% to 90% and N2 O by 73% to 100%, respectively, in comparison with surface broadcast urea which is the common farmers' practice. But, deep placement of urea, surface broadcast urea with NIs, and application of urea with urease inhibitors probably led to trade-offs between the two gases, with a mitigation potential of -201% to 101% for NH3 and -112% to 89% for N2 O. The literature synthesis showed that deep placement of urea with NIs had an emission factor of 1.53%-4.02% for NH3 and 0.22%-0.36% for N2 O, which were much lower than other fertilization regimes and the default values recommended by IPCC guidelines. This would translate to a reduction of 3.86-5.47 Tg N yr-1 of NH3 and 0.41-0.50 Tg N yr-1 of N2 O emissions, respectively, when adopting deep placement of urea with NIs (relative to current practice) in global croplands. We conclude that the combination of NIs and deep placement of urea can successfully tackle the trade-offs between NH3 and N2 O emissions, therefore avoiding N pollution swapping in global croplands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Zhang
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Xiaotong Song
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yaqian Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Wang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | | | - Xiaotang Ju
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, China
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15
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Jiang X, Gao G, Deng J, Zhu G, Tang X, Shao K, Hu Y. Nitrogen concentration response to the decline in atmospheric nitrogen deposition in a hypereutrophic lake. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 300:118952. [PMID: 35124122 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.118952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition is becoming an increasingly important factor affecting the nutrient level of lakes, especially considering the long-term control measures for external N inputs in developed regions. However, few studies have investigated the effects of atmospheric N deposition and the respective ecological significance in eutrophic waters. In this study, bulk and wet deposition rates of all N species and water N concentrations in Lake Taihu were determined based on the long-term (2010-2018) high-resolution (weekly or monthly) systematic observations. The results indicated that the decline in wind speed and change in land-use type likely decreased the N deposition rate. The bulk N deposition rates decreased from 45.77 kg N ha-1 yr-1 in 2012 to 22.06 kg N ha-1 yr-1 in 2018, which could account for decrease of 1.01 mg N L-1 in the lake N concentrations via a rough estimation, and this value was close to the actual variation in N concentration in Lake Taihu. The correlation between N concentrations and atmospheric deposition fluxes was stronger than that between N concentrations and riverine N inputs or lake storage, which further indicated that change in atmospheric N deposition was the key reason for the variation in N concentrations. The direct bulk N deposition into Lake Taihu accounted for 17.5% and 51.4% of the riverine N inputs and lake N inventory, respectively. Moreover, atmospheric N deposition was concentrated in summer, which was dominated by reduced N, and it may be important for the duration of algal blooms. Therefore, external N inputs, including atmospheric N deposition, should be further controlled for an effective mitigation of eutrophication and algal blooms in Lake Taihu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Guang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China.
| | - Jianming Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Guangwei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Xiangming Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Keqiang Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Yang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
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16
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Yang X, Bi Y, Ma X, Dong W, Wang X, Wang S. Transcriptomic analysis dissects the regulatory strategy of toxic cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa under differential nitrogen forms. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 428:128276. [PMID: 35051775 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The critical role of nitrogen in the global proliferation of cyanobacterial blooms is arousing increasing attention. However, the mechanism underlying the algal responses to differential nitrogen forms remains unclarified. The physiological and transcriptomic changes of Microcystis aeruginosa supplied with different nitrogen forms (nitrate and ammonium) were highlighted in this study. The results indicated that ammonium behaves better in stimulating the initial growth in N-limited cells than nitrate. However, a concomitant side effect is that cellular growth and photosynthesis decreased due to photosystem II damage induced by excess absorbed light energy under 10 mg L-1 ammonium. By contrast, adequate nitrate supply favored more efficient photosynthesis, higher biomass yield and microcystin quotas than ammonium. Depending on the supplied nitrogen form, different transcriptomic patterns were observed in M. aeruginosa. Under nitrate, the upregulation of genes involved in Arg biosynthesis, ornithine-urea cycle and photosynthesis increased nitrogen storage and cellular growth, while genes involved in cyclic electron flow around photosystem I and CO2-concentrating mechanism were heightened to dissipate excess energy under high ammonium. These insights provided important clues for understanding the physiological and molecular effects of available nitrogen forms on the frequent outbreaks of cyanobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China; Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yonghong Bi
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xiaofei Ma
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Wei Dong
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Xun Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Shoubing Wang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
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17
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He S, Huang M, Zheng L, Chang M, Chen W, Xie Q, Wang X. Seasonal variation of transport pathways and potential source areas at high inorganic nitrogen wet deposition sites in southern China. J Environ Sci (China) 2022; 114:444-453. [PMID: 35459507 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2021.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This study attempts to identify the dominant transport pathways, potential source areas, and their seasonal variation at sites with high inorganic nitrogen (IN) wet deposition flux in southern China. This is a long-term study (2010-2017) based on continuous deposition measurements at the Guangzhou urban site (GZ) and the Dinghushan Natural Reserve site (DHS) located in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region. A dataset on monthly IN concentration in precipitation and wet deposition flux were provided. The average annual fluxes measured at both sites (GZ: 33.04±9.52, DHS: 20.52±10.22 kg N/(ha∙year)) were higher, while the ratios of reduced to oxidized N (GZ: 1.19±0.77, DHS: 1.25±0.84) were lower compared with the national mean level and the previous reported level throughout the PRD region. The dominant pathways were not always consistent with the highest proportional trajectory clusters. The transport pathways contributing most of deposition were identified in the north and north-northeast in the dry season and in the east-southeast, east, and south-southwest in the wet season. A weighted potential source contribution function (WPSCF) value >0.3 was determined reasonably to define the potential source area. Emission within the PRD region contributed the majority (≥95% at both sites) of the IN deposition in the wet season, while the contribution outside the region increased significantly in the dry season (GZ: 27.86%, DHS: 95.26%). Our results could help create more effective policy to control precursor emissions for IN fluxes, enabling reduction of the ecological risks due to excessive nitrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuidi He
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Minjuan Huang
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Climate Change and Natural Disaster Studies, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhuhai 519082, China.
| | - Lianming Zheng
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Ming Chang
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Weihua Chen
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Qianqian Xie
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xuemei Wang
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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18
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Pollack IB, McCabe ME, Caulton DR, Fischer EV. Enhancements in Ammonia and Methane from Agricultural Sources in the Northeastern Colorado Front Range Using Observations from a Small Research Aircraft. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:2236-2247. [PMID: 35076215 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c07382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Quantifying ammonia (NH3) to methane (CH4) enhancement ratios from agricultural sources is important for understanding air pollution and nitrogen deposition. The northeastern Colorado Front Range is home to concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) that produce large emissions of NH3 and CH4. Isolating enhancements of NH3 and CH4 in this region due to agriculture is complicated because CAFOs are often located within regions of oil and natural gas (O&NG) extraction that are a major source of CH4 and other alkanes. Here, we utilize a small research aircraft to collect in situ 1 Hz measurements of gas-phase NH3, CH4, and ethane (C2H6) downwind of CAFOs during three flights conducted in November 2019. Enhancements in NH3 and CH4 are distinguishable up to 10 km downwind of CAFOs with the most concentrated portions of the plumes typically below 0.25 km AGL. We demonstrate that NH3 and C2H6 can be jointly used to separate near-source enhancements in CH4 from agriculture and O&NG. Molar enhancement ratios of NH3 to CH4 are quantified for individual CAFOs in this region, and they range from 0.8 to 2.7 ppbv ppbv-1. A multivariate regression model produces enhancement ratios and quantitative regional source contributions that are consistent with prior studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilana B Pollack
- Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Megan E McCabe
- Department of Atmospheric Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071, United States
| | - Dana R Caulton
- Department of Atmospheric Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071, United States
| | - Emily V Fischer
- Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
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19
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Nitrogen Transport/Deposition from Paddy Ecosystem and Potential Pollution Risk Period in Southwest China. WATER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/w14040539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) losses through runoff from cropland and atmospheric deposition contributed by agricultural NH3 volatilization are important contributors to lake eutrophication and receive wide attention. Studies on the N runoff and atmospheric N deposition from the paddy ecosystem and how the agriculture-derived N deposition was related to NH3 volatilization were conducted in the paddy ecosystem in the Erhai Lake Watershed in southwest China. The critical period (CP) with a relatively high total N (TN) and NH4+-N deposition occurred in the fertilization period and continued one week after the completion of fertilizer application, and the CP period for N loss through surface runoff was one week longer than that for deposition. Especially, the mean depositions of NH4+-N in the CP period were substantially higher than those in the subsequent period (p < 0.01). Moreover, agriculture-derived NH4+ contributed more than 54% of the total NH4+-N deposition in the CP period, being positively related to NH3 volatilization from cropland soil (p < 0.05). The N concentrations were higher in the outlet water of ditches and runoff in May than in other months due to fertilization and irrigation. Therefore, to reduce the agricultural N losses and improve lake water quality, it is important to both reduce agricultural NH4+-N deposition from NH3 volatilization and intercept water flow from the paddy fields into drainage ditches during the CP.
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Yu YX, Li Y, Wang HJ, Wu XD, Zhang M, Wang HZ, Hamilton DP, Jeppesen E. Submersed macrophyte restoration with artificial light-emitting diodes: A mesocosm experiment. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 228:113044. [PMID: 34863077 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.113044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Urban lakes are important natural assets but are exposed to multiple stressors from human activities. Submersed macrophytes, a key plant group that helps to maintain clear-water conditions in lakes, tend to be scarce in urban lakes, particularly when they are eutrophic or hypertrophic, and their loss is linked, in part, to impaired underwater light climate. We tested if enhancing the underwater light conditions using light-emitting diodes (LEDs) could restore submersed macrophytes in urban lakes. Twelve mesocosms (1000 L each) were each planted with tape grass (Vallisneria natans) and monitored over three months (22 August-7 November), using a control and three artificial light intensity treatments (10, 50, and 100 µmol m-2 s-1). Compared with the control, the high light treatment (100 µmol m-2 s-1) had higher leaf number, maximum leaf length, and average leaf length (3.9, 5.8, and 2.8 times, respectively). Shoot number, leaf number, leaf dry mass, root dry mass, and photosynthetic photon flux density in the high-light treatment were significantly greater than the control, but root length and phytoplankton chlorophyll a were not related to plant growth variables and were low in all treatments. Periphyton chlorophyll a increased significantly with the plant growth variables (i.e., shoot number, leaf number, and maximum leaf length) and was high in the light treatments but did not hamper the growth of the macrophytes. These results indicate that LED light supplementation enables the growth of V. natans under eutrophic conditions, at least in the absence of fish as in our experiment, and that the method may have potential as a restoration method in urban lakes. Lake-scale studies are needed, however, to fully evaluate LED light supplementation under natural conditions where other stressors (e.g., fish grazing) may need to be controlled for successful restoration of urban lakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye-Xin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China; College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.
| | - Hai-Jun Wang
- Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China.
| | - Xiao-Dong Wu
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi, China.
| | - Miao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Hong-Zhu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.
| | - David P Hamilton
- Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, Australia.
| | - Erik Jeppesen
- Department of Bioscience and WATEC, Aarhus University, Vejlsøvej, Silkeborg, Denmark; Limnology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey; Sino-Danish Centre for Education and Research (SDC), University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Centre for Ecosystem Research and Implementation (EKOSAM), Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey; Institute of Marine Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Mersin, Turkey.
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21
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Zhu X, Shen J, Li Y, Liu X, Xu W, Zhou F, Wang J, Reis S, Wu J. Nitrogen emission and deposition budget in an agricultural catchment in subtropical central China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 289:117870. [PMID: 34385131 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The study of emissions and depositions of atmospheric reactive nitrogen species (Nrs) in a region is important to uncover the sources and sinks of atmospheric Nrs in the region. In this study, atmospheric total Nrs depositions including both wet-only and dry deposition were monitored simultaneously across major land-use types in a 105 km2 catchment called Jinjing River Catchment (JRC) in subtropical central China from 2015 to 2016. Based on activity data and emission factors for the main Nrs emission sources, ammonia (NH3) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) emission inventories for the catchment were also compiled. The estimated total Nrs deposition in JRC was 35.9 kg N ha-1 yr-1, with approximately 49.7 % attributed to reduced compounds (NHx), and 40.5 % attributed to oxidized (NOy). The total Nrs emission rate in JRC was 80.4 kg N ha-1 yr-1, with 61.5 and 18.9 kg N ha-1 yr-1 from NH3 and NOx emissions, respectively. Livestock excretion and fertilization were the two main contributing emission sources for NH3, while vehicle sources contributed the bulk of NOx emissions. The net atmospheric budgets of Nrs in paddy field, forest, and tea field were +3.7, -36.1, and +23.8 kg N ha-1 yr-1, respectively. At the catchment scale, the net atmospheric budget of Nrs was +47.7 kg N ha-1 yr-1, with +43.7 kg N ha-1 yr-1 of NHx and +4.0 kg N ha-1 yr-1 of NOy, indicating that the subtropical catchment was net sources of atmospheric Nrs. Considering that excessive atmospheric Nr emissions and deposition may cause adverse effects on the environment, effects should be conducted to mitigate the Nrs emissions from agriculture and transportation, and increasing the area of forest is good for reducing the net positive budget of atmospheric Nrs in the subtropical catchments in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region and Changsha Research Station for Agricultural & Environmental Monitoring, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jianlin Shen
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region and Changsha Research Station for Agricultural & Environmental Monitoring, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China.
| | - Yong Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region and Changsha Research Station for Agricultural & Environmental Monitoring, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China
| | - Xuejun Liu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Wen Xu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Feng Zhou
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region and Changsha Research Station for Agricultural & Environmental Monitoring, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China
| | - Stefan Reis
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Bush Estate, Penicuik, Midlothian, EH26 0QB, UK; University of Exeter Medical School, European Centre for Environment and Health, Knowledge Spa, Truro, TR1 3HD, UK
| | - Jinshui Wu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region and Changsha Research Station for Agricultural & Environmental Monitoring, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China
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Adalibieke W, Zhan X, Cui X, Reis S, Winiwarter W, Zhou F. Decoupling between ammonia emission and crop production in China due to policy interventions. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2021; 27:5877-5888. [PMID: 34403176 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Cropland ammonia (NH3 ) emission is a critical driver triggering haze pollution. Many agricultural policies were enforced in past four decades to improve nitrogen (N) use efficiency while maintaining crop yield. Inadvertent reductions of NH3 emissions, which may be induced by such policies, are not well evaluated. Here, we quantify the China's cropland-NH3 emission change from 1980 to 2050 and its response to policy interventions, using a data-driven model and a survey-based dataset of the fertilization scheme. Cropland-NH3 emission in China doubled from 1.93 to 4.02 Tg NH3 -N in period 1980-1996, and then decreased to 3.50 Tg NH3 -N in 2017. The prevalence of four agricultural policies may avoid ~3.0 Tg NH3 -N in 2017, mainly located in highly fertilized areas. Optimization of fertilizer management and food consumption could mitigate three-quarters of NH3 emission in 2050 and lower NH3 emission intensity (emission divided by crop production) close to the European Union and the United States. Our findings provide an evidence on the decoupling of cropland-NH3 from crop production in China and suggest the need to achieve cropland-NH3 mitigation while sustaining crop yields in other developing economies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wulahati Adalibieke
- Sino-France Institute of Earth Systems Science, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xiaoying Zhan
- Agricultural Clean Watershed Research Group, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xiaoqing Cui
- Sino-France Institute of Earth Systems Science, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Stefan Reis
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Penicuik, Midlothian, UK
- University of Exeter Medical School, European Centre for Environment and Health, Knowledge Spa, Truro, UK
| | - Wilfried Winiwarter
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Laxenburg, Austria
- The Institute of Environmental Engineering, University of Zielona Góra, Zielona Góra, Poland
| | - Feng Zhou
- Sino-France Institute of Earth Systems Science, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, PR China
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23
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Liu Y, Jiang Q, Sun Y, Jian Y, Zhou F. Decline in nitrogen concentrations of eutrophic Lake Dianchi associated with policy interventions during 2002-2018. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 288:117826. [PMID: 34329052 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Excessive nutrient discharges have resulted in pervasive water pollution and aquatic eutrophication. China has made massive efforts to improve water quality since 2000. However, how long-term policy interventions govern external and internal fluxes as well as nitrogen (N) concentrations is not well known. Here we examined the historical N concentration change and its key drivers in eutrophic Lake Dianchi (southwest China) over the period 2002-2018, based on monthly observations of water quality and external N fluxes, local surveys of mitigation measures, and process-based model simulations of internal N fluxes. Our data indicated that N concentrations peaked at 3.0 mg L-1 in 2007-2010 but afterwards declined down to 1.2 mg L-1 in 2018. Compared with 2010, the decline in lake N concentrations was attributed to reduced riverine N inflow decreasing by 0.20 g N m-3 month-1 and the water-sediment exchange flux decreasing by 0.07 g N m-3 month-1 from 2010 to 2018. Adoptions of wastewater treatment, pollution interception, and transboundary water transfer dominated the changes in external and internal fluxes of N and thereby the decline of lake N concentrations. These findings underscore the priority of reducing external discharge for historical lake water quality improvement and the need of enhancing internal N removal for future lake ecosystem restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Liu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of All Materials Flux in Rivers, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, PR China
| | - Qingsong Jiang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of All Materials Flux in Rivers, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, PR China
| | - Yanxin Sun
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of All Materials Flux in Rivers, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, PR China
| | - Yiwei Jian
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, PR China
| | - Feng Zhou
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, PR China.
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Jia J, Wang Y, Lu Y, Sun K, Lyu S, Gao Y. Driving mechanisms of gross primary productivity geographical patterns for Qinghai-Tibet Plateau lake systems. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 791:148286. [PMID: 34118660 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Being a fundamental property of aquatic systems, gross primary productivity (GPP) is affected by complex environmental factors, such as salinity, nutrients, pH, and sunlight. Under conditions of intensified anthropogenic activity and climate change, it is critical to understand the driving mechanisms of GPP in alpine lakes. In this study, we investigated GPP and associated environmental factors of 23 lake systems in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) along an altitudinal range (from 2500 m to 4500 m). Results showed an increase in chlorophyll a (Chl a) content as altitude increased and a corresponding decrease as salinity increased. Furthermore, geographical patterns of GPP were higher at the mid-gradient and lower at the extreme gradient. Higher solar radiation and water temperatures, stronger evaporation and higher salinity levels, and lower pH and higher nutrient content were all driving mechanisms of GPP in low altitudinal lake systems within high latitudinal regions. Such conditions have collectively resulted in the current GPP pattern via the promotion or inhibition of phytoplankton growth and photosynthesis. Specifically, geographical features and climate change jointly drive algal growth and GPP of alpine lake systems via internal circulation processes; however, anthropogenic activities interfere with external circulation processes for most of lower-middle altitudinal lake systems, thus playing a certain role in regulating environmental factors and GPP alongside climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Jia
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Yafeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
| | - Yao Lu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Kun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
| | - Sidan Lyu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
| | - Yang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China.
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25
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Jiang W, Huang W, Liang H, Wu Y, Shi X, Fu J, Wang Q, Hu K, Chen L, Liu H, Zhou F. Is rice field a nitrogen source or sink for the environment? ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 283:117122. [PMID: 33872939 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Rice field has been traditionally considered as a nonpoint source of reactive nitrogen (N) for the environment, while it, with surrounding ditches and ponds, also contributes to receiving N inputs from atmosphere and waterbodies and intercepting N outputs from rice field. However, a comprehensive assessment of the N source or sink of rice field for the environment is lacking. Here, we conducted the 3-year systematic observations and process-based simulations of N budget at the Jingzhou site in Central China. We identified the roles of rice field and evaluated the opportunities for shifting its role from N source (i.e., outputs > inputs) to sink (i.e., outputs ≤ inputs). Rice field was found to be a N source of 24.2-28.7 kg N ha-1 for waterbodies (including surface and ground waters), but a N sink (2.2-8.8 kg N ha-1) for the atmosphere for the wet and normal year climatic scenarios. The "4R-nutrient stewardship" (i.e., using the right type of N fertilizers, at right rate, right time, and in right place) applied in rice field was sufficient for the source-to-sink shift for the atmosphere for dry year climatic scenario, but needed to implement together with improvements of irrigation and drainage for waterbodies. Furthermore, with the combination of these improved management technologies, rice field played a role as a N sink of up to 22.8 kg N ha-1 for the atmosphere and up to 2.0 kg N ha-1 for waterbodies, along with 24% decrease in irrigation water use and 21% decrease in N application rate without affecting rice yield and soil fertility. Together these findings highlight a possibility to achieve an environmental-friendly rice field by improving agricultural management technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Jiang
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, PR China
| | - Weichen Huang
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, PR China
| | - Hao Liang
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210098, PR China
| | - Yali Wu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Institute of Lake Ecological Environment, Beijing, 100012, PR China
| | - Xinrui Shi
- College of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (North China), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Jin Fu
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, PR China
| | - Qihui Wang
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, PR China
| | - Kelin Hu
- College of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (North China), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Lei Chen
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, PR China
| | - Hongbin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Nonpoint Source Pollution Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Feng Zhou
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, PR China.
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García-Nieto PJ, García-Gonzalo E, Alonso Fernández JR, Díaz Muñiz C. Modeling algal atypical proliferation in La Barca reservoir using L-SHADE optimized gradient boosted regression trees: a case study. Neural Comput Appl 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00521-020-05523-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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27
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Pan D, Benedict KB, Golston LM, Wang R, Collett JL, Tao L, Sun K, Guo X, Ham J, Prenni AJ, Schichtel BA, Mikoviny T, Müller M, Wisthaler A, Zondlo MA. Ammonia Dry Deposition in an Alpine Ecosystem Traced to Agricultural Emission Hotpots. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:7776-7785. [PMID: 34061518 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c05749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Elevated reactive nitrogen (Nr) deposition is a concern for alpine ecosystems, and dry NH3 deposition is a key contributor. Understanding how emission hotspots impact downwind ecosystems through dry NH3 deposition provides opportunities for effective mitigation. However, direct NH3 flux measurements with sufficient temporal resolution to quantify such events are rare. Here, we measured NH3 fluxes at Rocky Mountain National Park (RMNP) during two summers and analyzed transport events from upwind agricultural and urban sources in northeastern Colorado. We deployed open-path NH3 sensors on a mobile laboratory and an eddy covariance tower to measure NH3 concentrations and fluxes. Our spatial sampling illustrated an upslope event that transported NH3 emissions from the hotspot to RMNP. Observed NH3 deposition was significantly higher when backtrajectories passed through only the agricultural region (7.9 ng m-2 s-1) versus only the urban area (1.0 ng m-2 s-1) and both urban and agricultural areas (2.7 ng m-2 s-1). Cumulative NH3 fluxes were calculated using observed, bidirectional modeled, and gap-filled fluxes. More than 40% of the total dry NH3 deposition occurred when air masses were traced back to agricultural source regions. More generally, we identified that 10 (25) more national parks in the U.S. are within 100 (200) km of an NH3 hotspot, and more observations are needed to quantify the impacts of these hotspots on dry NH3 deposition in these regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Pan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton 08544, New Jersey, United States
- Center for Mid-Infrared Technologies for Health and the Environmental, NSF-ERC, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States
| | - Katherine B Benedict
- Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Levi M Golston
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton 08544, New Jersey, United States
- Center for Mid-Infrared Technologies for Health and the Environmental, NSF-ERC, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton 08544, New Jersey, United States
- Center for Mid-Infrared Technologies for Health and the Environmental, NSF-ERC, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States
| | - Jeffrey L Collett
- Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Lei Tao
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton 08544, New Jersey, United States
- Center for Mid-Infrared Technologies for Health and the Environmental, NSF-ERC, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States
| | - Kang Sun
- Department of Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
- Research and Education in Energy, Environment and Water (RENEW) Institute, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Xuehui Guo
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton 08544, New Jersey, United States
- Center for Mid-Infrared Technologies for Health and the Environmental, NSF-ERC, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States
| | - Jay Ham
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80521, United States
| | - Anthony J Prenni
- Air Resources Division, National Park Service, Lakewood, Colorado 80235, United States
| | - Bret A Schichtel
- Air Resources Division, National Park Service, Fort Collins, Colorado 80525, United States
| | - Tomas Mikoviny
- Chemistry and Dynamics Branch, Science Directorate, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23666, United States
- Oak Ridge Associated Universities, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, Oslo 0315, Norway
| | - Markus Müller
- Institute for Ion Physics and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Armin Wisthaler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, Oslo 0315, Norway
- Institute for Ion Physics and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Mark A Zondlo
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton 08544, New Jersey, United States
- Center for Mid-Infrared Technologies for Health and the Environmental, NSF-ERC, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States
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28
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Pereira JN, Fornaro A, Vieira-Filho M. Atmospheric deposition chemistry in a Brazilian rural area: alkaline species behavior and agricultural inputs. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:23448-23458. [PMID: 33443734 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-12317-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Since 2000s, several studies have been reporting an increase of alkaline species in atmospheric deposition worldwide. This study aims to evaluate and give a better understanding about atmospheric deposition chemistry collected in Lavras, a Brazilian city with rural background. Bulk atmospheric deposition samples were collected from March 2018 to February 2019 and major ionic species were quantified. The pH values ranged from 5.52 to 8.29, with an average of 5.92 and most deposition samples (~ 94%) were alkaline (pH > 5.60). For the whole sampling campaign, the ions profile in volume weighted mean (VWM) was described as follows: Ca2+ (35.02) > NH4+ (11.26) > Cl- (11.19) > Mg2+ (9.04) > NO3- (8.57) > Na+ (5.65) > K+ (2.61) > SO42- (2.43) > H+ (0.94) μmol L-1. We identified Ca2+ and NH4+ as the most predominant species accounting for 53% of the total ionic species distribution. In addition, all samples showed neutralization factor (NF) index greater than 1, with mean value of 6.4. Regarding regression analysis, acidity neutralization precursors such as calcium and ammonia accounted for 50% and 4%, respectively. In addition, samples alkaline pattern was mainly due to agricultural sources, including fertilizer production and application, and cement manufacturing inside the county air basin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaqueline Natiele Pereira
- Departamento de Engenharia Ambiental (DAM), Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), Av. Sylvio Menicucci 1001, Campus da UFLA, Lavras, Minas Gerais, 37200-000, Brazil
| | - Adalgiza Fornaro
- Departamento de Ciências Atmosféricas, Instituto de Astronomia, Geofísica e Ciências (IAG), Atmosféricas da Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Rua do Matão, 1226, Cidade, Universitária, São Paulo, SP, 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Vieira-Filho
- Departamento de Engenharia Ambiental (DAM), Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), Av. Sylvio Menicucci 1001, Campus da UFLA, Lavras, Minas Gerais, 37200-000, Brazil.
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29
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Zhang Q, Li Y, Wang M, Wang K, Meng F, Liu L, Zhao Y, Ma L, Zhu Q, Xu W, Zhang F. Atmospheric nitrogen deposition: A review of quantification methods and its spatial pattern derived from the global monitoring networks. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 216:112180. [PMID: 33865187 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition is a vital component of the global N cycle. Excessive N deposition on the Earth's surface has adverse impacts on ecosystems and humans. Quantification of atmospheric N deposition is indispensable for assessing and addressing N deposition-induced environmental issues. In the present review, we firstly summarized the current methods applied to quantify N deposition (wet, dry, and total N deposition), their advantages and major limitations. Secondly, we illustrated the long-term N deposition monitoring networks worldwide and the results attained via such long-term monitoring. Results show that China faces heavier N deposition than the United States, European countries, and other countries in East Asia. Next, we proposed a framework for estimating the atmospheric wet and dry N deposition using a combined method of surface monitoring, modeling, and satellite remote sensing. Finally, we put forth the critical research challenges and future directions of the atmospheric N deposition. CAPSULE: A review of quantification methods and the global data on nitrogen deposition and a systematic framework was proposed for quantifying nitrogen deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences; National Academy of Agriculture Green Development; Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of MOE, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Water Systems and Global Change Group, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Yanan Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences; National Academy of Agriculture Green Development; Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of MOE, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Water Systems and Global Change Group, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mengru Wang
- Water Systems and Global Change Group, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Kai Wang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences; National Academy of Agriculture Green Development; Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of MOE, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Fanlei Meng
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences; National Academy of Agriculture Green Development; Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of MOE, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lei Liu
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yuanhong Zhao
- College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Lin Ma
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Hebei Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetic and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 286 Huaizhong Road, Shijiazhuang 050021, Hebei, China
| | - Qichao Zhu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences; National Academy of Agriculture Green Development; Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of MOE, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wen Xu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences; National Academy of Agriculture Green Development; Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of MOE, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Fusuo Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences; National Academy of Agriculture Green Development; Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of MOE, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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Song K, Fang C, Jacinthe PA, Wen Z, Liu G, Xu X, Shang Y, Lyu L. Climatic versus Anthropogenic Controls of Decadal Trends (1983-2017) in Algal Blooms in Lakes and Reservoirs across China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:2929-2938. [PMID: 33595308 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c06480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The proliferation of algal blooms (ABs) in lakes and reservoirs (L&Rs) poses a threat to water quality and the ecological health of aquatic communities. With global climate change, there is a concern that the frequency and geographical expansion of ABs in L&Rs could increase. China has experienced rapid economic growth and major land-use changes over the last several decades and therefore provides an excellent context for such an analysis. About 289,600 Landsat images were used to examine the spatiotemporal distribution of ABs in L&Rs (>1 km2) across China (1983-2017). Results showed significant changes in the temporal slope of the sum of normalized area (0.26), frequency (2.28), duration (6.14), and early outbreak (-3.48) of AB events in L&Rs across China. Specifically, AB-impacted water bodies expanded longitudinally, and the time range of AB observation has expanded starting in the 2000s. Spearman correlation and random forest regression analyses further indicated that, among climatic factors, wind speed and temperature contributed the most to AB expansion. Overall, anthropogenic forces have overridden the imprints of climatic factors on the temporal evolution of ABs in China's L&Rs and therefore could inform policy decisions for the management of these resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaishan Song
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
- School of Environment and Planning, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Chong Fang
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
- Faculty of Infrastructure Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Pierre-Andre Jacinthe
- Department of Earth Sciences, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Zhidan Wen
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Ge Liu
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Xiaofeng Xu
- Biology Department, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, California 92182, United States
| | - Yingxin Shang
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Lili Lyu
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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31
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Deng O, Chen Y, Lan T, Zhang S, Gao X, Zhou W, Ou D, Hu Y, Luo L. Contribution of atmospheric N deposition to riverine N load in a forest-dominated watershed through field monitoring for three years. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 266:128951. [PMID: 33218727 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Increased atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition significantly impacts N cycling in freshwater ecosystems. Relative to lakes, the importance of N deposition in riverine N load is less studied. Thus, this study monitored N deposition and riverine N load for three years and then used the export coefficient model to explore N deposition's contribution to riverine N load in a forest-dominated watershed. It is found that the annual export of total N (TN) deposition could explain 17.4%-19.2% of riverine TN load. The contribution of TN deposition to riverine TN load was significantly higher (P < 0.05) during the crop production period (recorded as CPP, lasting from June to September, 22.7%) than the non-crop production period (Non-CPP, 13.8%). The application of chemical fertilizer and manure and the high precipitation were assumed as the primary reason for the increased N deposition and increased riverine TN load during CPP. This study shows that inland plain agriculture practices might considerably influence the nearby forest-dominated watershed, and it is necessary to develop sustainable agriculture programs for reducing riverine N load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ouping Deng
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Chen
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China
| | - Ting Lan
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China
| | - Shirong Zhang
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China
| | - Xuesong Gao
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China
| | - Wei Zhou
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China
| | - Dinghua Ou
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China
| | - Yufu Hu
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China
| | - Ling Luo
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China; College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China.
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Zhan X, Adalibieke W, Cui X, Winiwarter W, Reis S, Zhang L, Bai Z, Wang Q, Huang W, Zhou F. Improved Estimates of Ammonia Emissions from Global Croplands. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:1329-1338. [PMID: 33378621 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c05149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Reducing ammonia (NH3) volatilization from croplands while satisfying the food demand is strategically required to mitigate haze pollution. However, the global pattern of NH3 volatilization remains uncertain, primarily because of the episodic nature of NH3 volatilization rates and the high variation of fertilization practices. Here, we improve a global estimate of crop-specific NH3 emissions at a high spatial resolution using an updated data-driven model with a survey-based dataset of the fertilization scheme. Our estimate of the globally averaged volatilization rate (12.6% ± 2.1%) is in line with previous data-driven studies (13.7 ± 3.1%) but results in one-quarter lower emissions than process-based models (16.5 ± 3.1%). The associated global emissions are estimated at 14.4 ± 2.3 Tg N, with more than 50% of the total stemming from three stable crops or 12.2% of global harvested areas. Nearly three-quarters of global cropland-NH3 emissions could be reduced by improving fertilization schemes (right rate, right type, and right placement). A small proportion (20%) of global harvested areas, primarily located in China, India, and Pakistan, accounts for 64% of abatement potentials. Our findings provide a critical reference guide for the future abatement strategy design when considering locations and crop types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Zhan
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Ministry of Education Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
- Agricultural Clean Watershed Research Group, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Wulahati Adalibieke
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Ministry of Education Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Xiaoqing Cui
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Ministry of Education Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Wilfried Winiwarter
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Laxenburg A-2361, Austria
- The Institute of Environmental Engineering, University of Zielona Góra, Zielona Góra 65-417, Poland
| | - Stefan Reis
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Penicuik EH26 0QB, United Kingdom
- University of Exeter Medical School, Knowledge Spa, Truro TR1 3HD, United Kingdom
| | - Lin Zhang
- Laboratory for Climate and Ocean-Atmosphere Studies, Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Zhaohai Bai
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetic and Developmental Biology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, 286 Huaizhong Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050021, China
| | - Qihui Wang
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Ministry of Education Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Weichen Huang
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Ministry of Education Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Feng Zhou
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Ministry of Education Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
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Wen Z, Xu W, Li Q, Han M, Tang A, Zhang Y, Luo X, Shen J, Wang W, Li K, Pan Y, Zhang L, Li W, Collett JL, Zhong B, Wang X, Goulding K, Zhang F, Liu X. Changes of nitrogen deposition in China from 1980 to 2018. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 144:106022. [PMID: 32795750 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
China has experienced a dramatic change in atmospheric reactive nitrogen (Nr) emissions over the past four decades. However, it remains unclear how nitrogen (N) deposition has responded to increases and/or decreases in Nr emissions. This study quantitatively assesses temporal and spatial variations in measurements of bulk and calculated dry N deposition in China from 1980 to 2018. A long-term database (1980-2018) shows that bulk N deposition peaked in around 2000, and had declined by 45% by 2016-2018. Recent bulk and dry N deposition (based on monitoring from 2011 to 2018) decreased from 2011 to 2018, with current average values of 19.4 ± 0.8 and 20.6 ± 0.4 kg N ha-1 yr-1, respectively. Oxidized N deposition, especially dry deposition, decreased after 2010 due to NOx emission controls. In contrast, reduced N deposition was approximately constant, with reductions in bulk NH4+-N deposition offset by a continuous increase in dry NH3 deposition. Elevated NH3 concentrations were found at nationwide monitoring sites even at urban sites, suggesting a strong influence of both agricultural and non-agricultural sources. Current emission controls are reducing Nr emissions and deposition but further mitigation measures are needed, especially of NH3, built on broader regional emission control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Wen
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of MOE, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of MOE, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qi Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of MOE, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Mengjuan Han
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of MOE, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Aohan Tang
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of MOE, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of MOE, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaosheng Luo
- Institute of Plant Nutrition, Resources and Environmental Sciences, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Jianlin Shen
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Xizang Agriculture and Animal Husbandry College, Nyingchi, Tibet 860000, China
| | - Kaihui Li
- Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Yuepeng Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Laboratory for Climate and Ocean-Atmosphere Studies, Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wenqing Li
- Fujian Institute of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350003, China
| | - Jeffery Lee Collett
- Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Buqing Zhong
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xuemei Wang
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Keith Goulding
- The Sustainable Agricultural Sciences Department, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Fusuo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of MOE, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xuejun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of MOE, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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Liu XJ, Xu W, Du EZ, Tang AH, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Wen Z, Hao TX, Pan YP, Zhang L, Gu B, Zhao Y, Shen JL, Zhou F, Gao ZL, Feng Z, Chang YH, Goulding K, Collett J, Vitousek PM, Zhang F. Environmental impacts of nitrogen emissions in China and the role of policies in emission reduction. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2020; 378:20190324. [PMID: 32981443 PMCID: PMC7536030 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2019.0324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric reactive nitrogen (Nr) has been a cause of serious environmental pollution in China. Historically, China used too little Nr in its agriculture to feed its population. However, with the rapid increase in N fertilizer use for food production and fossil fuel consumption for energy supply over the last four decades, increasing gaseous Nr species (e.g. NH3 and NOx) have been emitted to the atmosphere and then deposited as wet and dry deposition, with adverse impacts on air, water and soil quality as well as plant biodiversity and human health. This paper reviews the issues associated with this in a holistic way. The emissions, deposition, impacts, actions and regulations for the mitigation of atmospheric Nr are discussed systematically. Both NH3 and NOx make major contributions to environmental pollution but especially to the formation of secondary fine particulate matter (PM2.5), which impacts human health and light scattering (haze). In addition, atmospheric deposition of NH3 and NOx causes adverse impacts on terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems due to acidification and eutrophication. Regulations and practices introduced by China that meet the urgent need to reduce Nr emissions are explained and resulting effects on emissions are discussed. Recommendations for improving future N management for achieving 'win-win' outcomes for Chinese agricultural production and food supply, and human and environmental health, are described. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Air quality, past present and future'.
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Affiliation(s)
- X. J. Liu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, School of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
- e-mail:
| | - W. Xu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, School of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - E. Z. Du
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, and School of Natural Resources, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China
| | - A. H. Tang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, School of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Y. Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, School of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Y. Y. Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, School of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Z. Wen
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, School of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - T. X. Hao
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, School of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Y. P. Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - L. Zhang
- Laboratory for Climate and Ocean-Atmosphere Studies, Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - B. J. Gu
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Y. Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse and School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - J. L. Shen
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, People's Republic of China
| | - F. Zhou
- Sino-France Institute of Earth Systems Science, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Z. L. Gao
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, People's Republic of China
| | - Z. Z. Feng
- School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, People's Republic of China
| | - Y. H. Chang
- Yale-NUIST Center on Atmospheric Environment, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, People's Republic of China
| | - K. Goulding
- Department of Sustainable Agricultural Sciences, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - J. L. Collett
- Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - P. M. Vitousek
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94016, USA
| | - F. S. Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, School of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
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Zhang L, Tian M, Peng C, Fu C, Li T, Chen Y, Qiu Y, Huang Y, Wang H, Li Z, Yang F. Nitrogen wet deposition in the Three Gorges Reservoir area: Characteristics, fluxes, and contributions to the aquatic environment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 738:140309. [PMID: 32806348 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Measurements of nitrate nitrogen (NO3--N), ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N), and dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) in precipitation were conducted at six different sites in the hinterland of the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) area from January 2016 to December 2017. The characteristics and the sources of nitrogen (N) species were identified. N flux of wet deposition in the hinterland of the TGR area were 13.56 ± 2.95 kg N ha-1 yr-1, of which the proportions of NO3--N, NH4+-N and DON were 60.9%, 25.1% and 14.0%, respectively. N flux in urban area was significantly higher than those in suburban, agricultural, and wetland areas. Industrial activities, biomass burning, and secondary transformation were the main contributors of N in urban area. In agricultural area, biomass burning, crustal, and manure were main sources of N. In suburban area, mixed emissions from industry, agriculture, and crustal sources were primary contributors of N. For wetlands, the major contributions were from industrial sector and biomass burning. Additional, analysis of regional distribution of dissolved N deposition in the TGR area was conducted by combining current study data and previously published data between 2000 and 2017. N flux of wet deposition in the entire TGR area ranged from 12.17 to 51.93 kg N ha-1 yr-1, with an average of 26.81 kg N ha-1 yr-1. Regional N distribution was greatest in the tail region, followed by the head region, and then the hinterland in the TGR area. The amount of N entering the TGR directly through atmospheric wet deposition was 2906 t yr-1, accounting for 2.1% of the total N inputs. N load from wet deposition had exceeded the critical loads from that of the water, forest, and even some farmland ecosystems in the TGR area. Decreasing NH3 emissions from agricultural activities is the key to alleviate the regional N deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuyi Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Water Environment Evolution and Pollution Control in Three Gorges Reservoir Area, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Wanzhou 404000, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Reservoir Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Mi Tian
- College of Environmental and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Chao Peng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Reservoir Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Chuan Fu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Water Environment Evolution and Pollution Control in Three Gorges Reservoir Area, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Wanzhou 404000, China
| | - Tingzhen Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Water Environment Evolution and Pollution Control in Three Gorges Reservoir Area, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Wanzhou 404000, China.
| | - Yang Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Reservoir Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Yang Qiu
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yimin Huang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Water Environment Evolution and Pollution Control in Three Gorges Reservoir Area, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Wanzhou 404000, China
| | - Huanbo Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Reservoir Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China; College of Environmental and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Zhe Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Reservoir Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Fumo Yang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Water Environment Evolution and Pollution Control in Three Gorges Reservoir Area, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Wanzhou 404000, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Reservoir Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China; College of Environmental and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China; College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; National Engineering Research Center for Flue Gas Desulfurization, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
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36
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Xiaoying Z, Qingwen Z, Hui Z, Hussain HA, Shaaban M, Zhengli Y. Pathways of nitrogen loss and optimized nitrogen management for a rice cropping system in arid irrigation region, northwest China. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 268:110702. [PMID: 32510437 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The reactive nitrogen (N) loss of the rice cropping system in the arid region shows a different pattern from that of subtropical humid region due to different climate types and crop management. However, little attention has been paid to this region. To fill this knowledge gap, a two-year (2009-2010) field observation was conducted in the Ningxia irrigation region, northwest China, to explore the major pathway of N loss following local farmers' optimal practice. Further, we determined the site-specific emission factors of ammonia and nitrous oxide, rate of surface runoff and subsurface (leaching and seepage) to improve the inventory resolution of arid irrigation region. Results showed that ammonia volatilization (45%-49% of total N loss), leaching and seepage (30%-33% of total N loss) were proved to be the primary factors of N loss in rice paddy fields. The emission factor of ammonia (21%) and N leaching rate (7.5%) following farmers' practice were 2.1 and 5.4 times higher than the country-specific default value in China. The country-specific N runoff rate and emission factor of N2O could be directly adopted in this region. A 20% reduction of N fertilizer to farmers' practice (300 kg N ha-1) alongside the application of organic fertilizer (30% N in synthetic fertilizer was substituted by pig manure) were considered to be the optimal N rate in this region. Our study can narrow the gap between researches on N loss in arid regions and subtropical humid regions. Meanwhile, the results can provide specific advice on N loss mitigation for policy makers in arid irrigation regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan Xiaoying
- Agricultural Clean Watershed Research Group, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, PR China; College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, And Ministry of Education Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, PR China
| | - Zhang Qingwen
- Agricultural Clean Watershed Research Group, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, PR China.
| | - Zhang Hui
- Ningxia Vocational and Technical College, Yinchuan, 750002, PR China
| | - Hafiz Athar Hussain
- Agricultural Clean Watershed Research Group, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Muhammad Shaaban
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Yang Zhengli
- Agricultural Clean Watershed Research Group, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, PR China
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Shen H, Chen Y, Hu Y, Ran L, Lam SK, Pavur GK, Zhou F, Pleim JE, Russell AG. Intense Warming Will Significantly Increase Cropland Ammonia Volatilization Threatening Food Security and Ecosystem Health. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oneear.2020.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Gao W, Duan Z, Yan C, Liu C. Influence of nutrient mitigation measures on the fractional export of watershed inputs in an urban watershed. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:18521-18529. [PMID: 32198687 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08411-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Enhanced nutrient inputs due to human activities have been noted as a significant driving force for riverine nutrient exports which are responsible for the eutrophication issues in freshwaters. Current studies are mostly focused on the relationship between anthropogenic inputs and riverine exports, and little has been done to assess the role of nutrient mitigation measures in the fractional export of watershed nutrient inputs in urban regions. A highly urbanized watershed in Yun-Gui plateau of China, Lake Dianchi basin was studied as a case to assess the impact of nutrient mitigation measures on riverine nutrient exports. Based on net anthropogenic nitrogen and phosphorus inputs (NANI and NAPI, respectively) models, nutrient inputs from human activities in the basin from 1980 to 2015 were calculated, and the impact of nutrient mitigation measures were identified using a statistical model incorporating land use, precipitation, and temperature. Nutrient inputs from human action in the basin has increased rapidly, mainly from fertilizer application and food and feed imports. Enhanced riverine nutrient exports were found at the same time, and significantly correlated to nutrient inputs. The construction of water transfer projects and wastewater treatment plants in the basin has changed the controlling factors and processes of the fractional export of watershed nutrient inputs, which is weak in explanatory ability and eliminated the role of the land use. A modified model was established by incorporating the effect of water transfer projects and wastewater treatment plants, which showed a significant increase in model performance. The results from the modified model reveal that urban land percentage has become a positively driving force for the fractional export of watershed N and P inputs, and temperature a positive driving force for the fractional export of watershed N inputs while precipitation a negative driving force for the fractional export of watershed P inputs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Gao
- School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China.
| | - Zhongzhao Duan
- School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China
| | - Chang'an Yan
- Kunming Institute of Environmental Science, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Change Liu
- School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China
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Wang Y, Peng J, Cao X, Xu Y, Yu H, Duan G, Qu J. Isotopic and chemical evidence for nitrate sources and transformation processes in a plateau lake basin in Southwest China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 711:134856. [PMID: 31818559 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In recent decades, multiple occurrences of algal blooms have substantially deteriorated water quality, especially for the nutrient budget in plateau lakes. Specifically, NO3- pollution has critically threatened groundwater quality, thus increasing human health risk if groundwater serves as a drinking source. To identify the origin and fate of NO3- in a plateau lake basin, we utilized nitrate isotope natural abundance and water chemistry information under land use frameworks and groundwater flow information. In December 2018, we collected water samples from aquifers (n = 33), rivers (n = 2), soil (n = 7), and lakes (n = 4) in Chenghai Lake basin, Southwest China. Our results showed that nearly 41% of groundwater samples failed to meet the drinking water standard of WHO and China (GB/T 5749-2006) of 50 mg/L for NO3- during the dry season. The high variation of δ15N-NO3- (from -3.3 to +41.3‰) and δ18O-NO3- (from -6.4 to +13.6‰) indicated multiple N sources and N cycling processes. Our analysis revealed that 16%-80% of nitrate in groundwater was derived from accumulated soil N, whereas 13%-76% was contributed from manure/landfill leachate. The contribution from atmospheric nitrogen deposition to aquifers was less than 3%. Manure/landfill and soil nitrogen were the primary N sources, contributing for 38.9% and 35.3% to N loading in lake. As for river water, soil nitrogen contributed for 69.7% and 37.2% in R1 and R2, respectively. The denitrification process significantly affects nitrate attenuation of N sources in aquifers. An increasing trend in NO3- concentration was noticed along the groundwater flow path (A-A') from mountain area to lake. Among different pathways, distinct nitrate sources loading downwards to the aquifers were observed in massive farmlands and residential areas. Thus, the information on both land-use and groundwater flow pathways is indispensable for modelling nitrate sources and transformation processes using the dual isotope approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Wang
- Center for Water and Ecology, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jianfeng Peng
- Center for Water and Ecology, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Xiaofeng Cao
- Center for Water and Ecology, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Center for Water and Ecology, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hongwei Yu
- Center for Water and Ecology, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Gaoqi Duan
- Center for Water and Ecology, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jiuhui Qu
- Center for Water and Ecology, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
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Aubriot L. Nitrogen availability facilitates phosphorus acquisition by bloom-forming cyanobacteria. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2019; 95:5195515. [PMID: 30476121 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiy229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacterial blooms are threatening freshwater ecosystems. The physiological basis involved in the onset of cyanobacterial bloom is fundamental to advance in bloom predictions. Generally, cyanobacteria grow until the availability of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) or both nutrients becomes limited. Population survival may depend on physiological adjustments to nutrient deficiency as well as on the efficient use of episodic N and P inputs. This study investigated the effect of N inputs on phosphate uptake affinity and activity of N-deficient bloom-forming cyanobacteria. Lake samples dominated by filamentous cyanobacteria were preincubated with and without nitrate addition, and the uptake of [32P] phosphate pulses was measured in the following days. Phosphate uptake kinetics were analyzed with a flow-force model that provides the threshold concentration, reflecting phosphate uptake affinity, and the membrane conductivity coefficient that corresponds to the activity of uptake systems. After 24 h of nitrate preincubation, phosphate uptake kinetics showed a progressive increase in affinity (nanomolar [Pe]A) and activity (25-fold) concomitant with cyanobacterial growth. It was demonstrated that the alleviation of N-deficiency by N inputs boosts the activation of phosphate uptake systems of non-N2-fixing cyanobacteria to sustain growth. Therefore, reduction of dissolved inorganic N levels in lakes is also mandatory to limit cyanobacterial phosphate uptake affinity and activity capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Aubriot
- Grupo de Ecología y Fisiología de Fitoplancton, Sección Limnología, Instituto de Ecología y Ciencias Ambientales, Facultad de Ciencias, UdelaR
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Zhan X, Chen C, Wang Q, Zhou F, Hayashi K, Ju X, Lam SK, Wang Y, Wu Y, Fu J, Zhang L, Gao S, Hou X, Bo Y, Zhang D, Liu K, Wu Q, Su R, Zhu J, Yang C, Dai C, Liu H. Improved Jayaweera-Mikkelsen model to quantify ammonia volatilization from rice paddy fields in China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:8136-8147. [PMID: 30690669 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04275-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Current estimates of China's ammonia (NH3) volatilization from paddy rice differ by more than twofold, mainly due to inappropriate application of chamber-based measurements and improper assumptions within process-based models. Here, we improved the Jayaweera-Mikkelsen (JM) model through multiplying the concentration of aqueous NH3 in ponded water by an activity coefficient that was determined based on high-frequency flux observations at Jingzhou station in Central China. We found that the improved JM model could reproduce the dynamics of observed NH3 flux (R2 = 0.83, n = 228, P < 0.001), while the original JM model without the consideration of activity of aqueous NH3 overstated NH3 flux by 54% during the periods of fertilization and pesticide application. The validity of the improved JM model was supported by a mass-balance-based indirect estimate at Jingzhou station and the independent flux observations from the other five stations across China. The NH3 volatilization losses that were further simulated by the improved JM model forced by actual wind speed were in general a half less than previous chamber-based estimates at six stations. Difference in wind speed between the inside and outside of the chamber and insufficient sampling frequency were identified as the primary and secondary causes for the overestimation in chamber-based estimations, respectively. Together, our findings suggest that an in-depth understanding of NH3 transfer process and its robust representation in models are critical for developing regional emission inventories and practical mitigation strategies of NH3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Zhan
- Sino-France Institute of Earth Systems Science, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, People's Republic of China
- Agricultural Clean Watershed Research Group, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuan Chen
- Institute of International Rivers and Eco-security, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Qihui Wang
- Sino-France Institute of Earth Systems Science, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Zhou
- Sino-France Institute of Earth Systems Science, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, People's Republic of China.
| | - Kentaro Hayashi
- Division of Biogeochemical Cycles, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, 3-1-3, Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8604, Japan
| | - Xiaotang Ju
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu Kee Lam
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Yonghua Wang
- Sino-France Institute of Earth Systems Science, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Yali Wu
- Sino-France Institute of Earth Systems Science, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Fu
- Sino-France Institute of Earth Systems Science, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Luping Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuoshuo Gao
- Sino-France Institute of Earth Systems Science, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Xikang Hou
- Sino-France Institute of Earth Systems Science, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Bo
- Sino-France Institute of Earth Systems Science, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Nonpoint Source Pollution Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaiwen Liu
- Jingzhou Agrometeorological Experimental Station, Jingzhou, 434025, People's Republic of China
| | - Qixia Wu
- College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongrui Su
- Jingzhou Agrometeorological Experimental Station, Jingzhou, 434025, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianqiang Zhu
- College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, People's Republic of China
| | - Changliang Yang
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaomeng Dai
- Department of Hydraulic Engineering, College of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongbin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Nonpoint Source Pollution Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
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Paerl HW, Otten TG, Kudela R. Mitigating the Expansion of Harmful Algal Blooms Across the Freshwater-to-Marine Continuum. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:5519-5529. [PMID: 29656639 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b05950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic nutrient overenrichment, coupled with rising temperatures, and an increasing frequency of extreme hydrologic events (storms and droughts) are accelerating eutrophication and promoting the expansion of harmful algal blooms (HABs) across the freshwater-to-marine continuum. All HABs-with a focus here on cyanobacterial blooms-pose serious consequences for water supplies, fisheries, recreational uses, tourism, and property values. As nutrient loads grow in watersheds, they begin to compound the effects of legacy stores. This has led to a paradigm shift in our understanding of how nutrients control eutrophication and blooms. Phosphorus (P) reductions have been traditionally prescribed exclusively for freshwater systems, while nitrogen (N) reductions were mainly stressed for brackish and coastal waters. However, because most systems are hydrologically interconnected, single nutrient (e.g., P only) reductions upstream may not necessarily reduce HAB impacts downstream. Reducing both N and P inputs is the only viable nutrient management solution for long-term control of HABs along the continuum. This article highlights where paired physical, chemical, or biological controls may improve beneficial uses in the short term, and offers management strategies that should be enacted across watershed scales to combat the global expansion of HABs across geographically broad freshwater-to-marine continua.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans W Paerl
- Institute of Marine Sciences , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , 3431 Arendell Street , Morehead City , North Carolina 28557 , United States
| | - Timothy G Otten
- Bend Genetics , 87 Scripps Drive, Ste. 108 , Sacramento , California 95825 , United States
| | - Raphael Kudela
- Ocean Sciences & Institute for Marine Sciences , University of California Santa Cruz , 1156 High Street , Santa Cruz , California 95064 , United States
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