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Qian X, Klatt S, Bennewitz K, Wohlfart DP, Lou B, Meng Y, Buettner M, Poschet G, Morgenstern J, Fleming T, Sticht C, Hausser I, Fleming I, Szendroedi J, Nawroth PP, Kroll J. Impaired Detoxification of Trans, Trans-2,4-Decadienal, an Oxidation Product from Omega-6 Fatty Acids, Alters Insulin Signaling, Gluconeogenesis and Promotes Microvascular Disease. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2302325. [PMID: 38059818 PMCID: PMC10811472 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202302325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Omega-6 fatty acids are the primary polyunsaturated fatty acids in most Western diets, while their role in diabetes remains controversial. Exposure of omega-6 fatty acids to an oxidative environment results in the generation of a highly reactive carbonyl species known as trans, trans-2,4-decadienal (tt-DDE). The timely and efficient detoxification of this metabolite, which has actions comparable to other reactive carbonyl species, such as 4-hydroxynonenal, acrolein, acetaldehyde, and methylglyoxal, is essential for disease prevention. However, the detoxification mechanism for tt-DDE remains elusive. In this study, the enzyme Aldh9a1b is identified as having a key role in the detoxification of tt-DDE. Loss of Aldh9a1b increased tt-DDE levels and resulted in an abnormal retinal vasculature and glucose intolerance in aldh9a1b-/- zebrafish. Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses revealed that tt-DDE and aldh9a1b deficiency in larval and adult zebrafish induced insulin resistance and impaired glucose homeostasis. Moreover, alterations in hyaloid vasculature is induced by aldh9a1b knockout or by tt-DDE treatment can be rescued by the insulin receptor sensitizers metformin and rosiglitazone. Collectively, these results demonstrated that tt-DDE is the substrate of Aldh9a1b which causes microvascular damage and impaired glucose metabolism through insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Qian
- Department of Vascular BiologyEuropean Center for Angioscience (ECAS)Medical Faculty MannheimHeidelberg University68167MannheimGermany
| | - Stephan Klatt
- Institute for Vascular SignalingCentre for Molecular MedicineGoethe‐Universityam Main60590FrankfurtGermany
- The German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK)Partner site RheinMain60590FrankfurtGermany
| | - Katrin Bennewitz
- Department of Vascular BiologyEuropean Center for Angioscience (ECAS)Medical Faculty MannheimHeidelberg University68167MannheimGermany
| | - David Philipp Wohlfart
- Department of Vascular BiologyEuropean Center for Angioscience (ECAS)Medical Faculty MannheimHeidelberg University68167MannheimGermany
| | - Bowen Lou
- Department of Vascular BiologyEuropean Center for Angioscience (ECAS)Medical Faculty MannheimHeidelberg University68167MannheimGermany
- Present address:
Cardiovascular Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University277 West Yanta RoadXi'an710061China
| | - Ye Meng
- Bone Marrow Transplantation CenterThe First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou310003China
| | - Michael Buettner
- Metabolomics Core Technology PlatformCentre for Organismal StudiesHeidelberg University69120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Gernot Poschet
- Metabolomics Core Technology PlatformCentre for Organismal StudiesHeidelberg University69120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Jakob Morgenstern
- Department of Internal Medicine I and Clinical ChemistryHeidelberg University Hospital69120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Thomas Fleming
- Department of Internal Medicine I and Clinical ChemistryHeidelberg University Hospital69120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Carsten Sticht
- NGS Core FacilityMedical Faculty MannheimHeidelberg University68167MannheimGermany
| | - Ingrid Hausser
- Institute of Pathology IPHEM LabHeidelberg University Hospital69120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Ingrid Fleming
- Institute for Vascular SignalingCentre for Molecular MedicineGoethe‐Universityam Main60590FrankfurtGermany
- The German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK)Partner site RheinMain60590FrankfurtGermany
| | - Julia Szendroedi
- Department of Internal Medicine I and Clinical ChemistryHeidelberg University Hospital69120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Peter Paul Nawroth
- Department of Internal Medicine I and Clinical ChemistryHeidelberg University Hospital69120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Jens Kroll
- Department of Vascular BiologyEuropean Center for Angioscience (ECAS)Medical Faculty MannheimHeidelberg University68167MannheimGermany
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Hui L, Feng X, Yuan Q, Chen Y, Xu Y, Zheng P, Lee S, Wang Z. Abundant oxygenated volatile organic compounds and their contribution to photochemical pollution in subtropical Hong Kong. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 335:122287. [PMID: 37562529 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which are ubiquitous pollutants in the urban and regional atmosphere, promote the formation of ozone (O3) and secondary organic aerosols, thereby significantly affecting the air quality and human health. The ambient VOCs at a coastal suburban site in Hong Kong were continuously measured using proton-transfer-reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometry (PTR-ToF-MS) from November 2020 to December 2020. 83 VOC species, including 23 CxHy, 53 CxHyO1-3, and 7 nitrogen-containing species, were measured during the campaign, with a mean concentration of 36.75 ppb. Oxygenated VOCs (OVOCs) accounted for most (77.4%) of the measured species, including CxHyO1 (50.7%) and CxHyO2 (25.1%). The measured VOC species exhibited distinct temporal and diurnal variations. High concentrations of isoprene and OVOCs were measured in autumn with more active photochemistry, whereas large evening peaks of aromatics from local and regional primary emissions were prominent in winter. The OH reactivity and O3 formation potential (OFP) of key precursors were quantified. OVOCs contributed about half of the total OH reactivity and OFP, followed by alkenes and aromatics, and the contribution of aromatics increased significantly in winter. The potential source contribution function was used to investigate the potential source regions associated with high VOC concentrations. Through positive matrix factorization analysis, six major sources were identified based on fingerprint molecules. The contributions of biogenic sources and secondary formation to the observed species were notable in late autumn, whereas vehicle emissions and solid fuel combustion had higher contributions in winter. The findings highlight the important role of OVOCs in photochemical pollution and provide valuable insights for the development of effective pollution control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lirong Hui
- Division of Environment and Sustainability, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Xin Feng
- Division of Environment and Sustainability, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Qi Yuan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Division of Environment and Sustainability, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Yang Xu
- Division of Environment and Sustainability, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Penggang Zheng
- Division of Environment and Sustainability, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Shuncheng Lee
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Division of Environment and Sustainability, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China.
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3
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Peng Q, Li L, Sun J, He K, Zhang B, Zou H, Xu H, Cao J, Shen Z. VOC emission profiles from typical solid fuel combustion in Fenhe River Basin: Field measurements and environmental implication. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 322:121172. [PMID: 36731736 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This study examined volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from the combustion of seven typical biomass fuel types in a traditional stove, elevated kang, and biomass furnace and from the combustion of three types of coal in coal furnaces. The results revealed that emission factors (EFs) of VOCs emitted from combustion processes ranged from 48.8 ± 29.1 mg/kg (for anthracite combustion in an outdoor boiler) to 5700 ± 6040 mg/kg (for sesame straw combustion in a traditional stove). Changing the fuel type engendered a more significant EF reduction (82.7%) than changing the stove type (51.8%). The emitted VOCs (including oxygenated VOCs, OVOCs) can be ordered as follows (in descending order) in terms of proportion: OVOCs > alkenes > aromatic VOCs > alkanes > halo hydrocarbons > alkynes. These results indicate solid fuel combustion processes warrant attention because they produce high OVOC emissions. The ozone formation potential (OFP) values derived for VOCs emitted from solid fuel combustion ranged from 5.83 ± 0.72 to 1910 ± 1750 mg/kg. Clean fuel and clean stove technologies both exhibited >80% efficiency levels in reducing OFP emissions (e.g., 80.6% reduction for the optimal fuel; 89.4% reduction for a clean stove). Therefore, the difference between VOC emission profiles from different combustion technologies should not be ignored. This study also noted substantial differences between VOC emissions from residential combustion and industrial combustion. Accordingly, attention should be paid to the local characteristics of fuels and stoves and to VOC emissions from residential combustion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Peng
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Recycling and Resource Recovery, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Lizhen Li
- United Taize (Shanxi) Environmental Technology Development Co., Ltd., Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Jian Sun
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Recycling and Resource Recovery, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China.
| | - Kun He
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Recycling and Resource Recovery, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Recycling and Resource Recovery, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Haijiang Zou
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Recycling and Resource Recovery, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Hongmei Xu
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Recycling and Resource Recovery, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Junji Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Zhenxing Shen
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Recycling and Resource Recovery, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
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Huang G, Wang S, Chang X, Cai S, Zhu L, Li Q, Jiang J. Emission factors and chemical profile of I/SVOCs emitted from household biomass stove in China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 842:156940. [PMID: 35753472 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Household combustion of biomass straw for cooking or heating is one of the most important emission sources of intermediate volatility and semi-volatile organic compounds (I/SVOCs). However, there are limited studies on the emission factors (EFs) and speciation profiles of I/SVOCs from household stoves burning biomass straw. In this study, experiments were conducted in a typical Chinese stove to test the EFs and species of I/SVOCs in three commonly used straws. It was revealed that EFs of I/SVOCs emitted from the burning of corn straw, rice straw, and wheat straw were 6.7, 1.9, and 9.8 g/kg, respectively, which accounted for 48.3 %, 36.8 %, and 48.6 % of total organic compounds emitted. Particulate organic compounds were dominated by ketones, oxygenated aromatics, acids, esters, and nitrogen-containing compounds, whereas the gaseous phase was dominated by aldehydes, acids, and aromatics. Although I/SVOCs only accounted for 18.1-23.6 % of the gaseous emissions from burning of straw, they represented 64.8-72.9 % of the secondary organic aerosol formation potential (SOAFP). The EFs of 16 priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were 362.0, 262.5, and 1145.2 mg/kg for corn straw, rice straw, and wheat straw, respectively, among which 3-ring and 4-ring PAHs were the main components. Thus, the results of this study provide new reliable I/SVOCs data that are useful for the development of an accurate emission inventory of organic compounds, simulation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation, and health risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghan Huang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shuxiao Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing 100084, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Airborne Particulate Matter Monitoring Technology, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Xing Chang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Siyi Cai
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Liang Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, Postboks 1033 Blindern, NO-0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jingkun Jiang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing 100084, China
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He X, Yuan B, Wu C, Wang S, Wang C, Huangfu Y, Qi J, Ma N, Xu W, Wang M, Chen W, Su H, Cheng Y, Shao M. Volatile organic compounds in wintertime North China Plain: Insights from measurements of proton transfer reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometer (PTR-ToF-MS). J Environ Sci (China) 2022; 114:98-114. [PMID: 35459518 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2021.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The characteristics of wintertime volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the North China Plain (NCP) region are complicated and remain obscure. VOC measurements were conducted by a proton transfer reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometer (PTR-ToF-MS) at a rural site in the NCP from November to December 2018. Uncalibrated ions measured by PTR-ToF-MS were quantified and the overall VOC compositions were investigated by combining the measurements of PTR-ToF-MS and gas chromatography-mass spectrometer/flame ionization detector (GC-MS/FID). The measurement showed that although atmospheric VOCs concentrations are often dominated by primary emissions, the secondary formation of oxygenated VOCs (OVOCs) is non-negligible in the wintertime, i.e., OVOCs accounts for 42% ± 7% in the total VOCs (151.3 ± 75.6 ppbV). We demonstrated that PTR-MS measurements for isoprene are substantially overestimated due to the interferences of cycloalkanes. The chemical changes of organic carbon in a pollution accumulation period were investigated, which suggests an essential role of fragmentation reactions for large, chemically reduced compounds during the heavy-polluted stage in wintertime pollution. The changes of emission ratios of VOCs between winter 2011 and winter 2018 in the NCP support the positive effect of "coal to gas" strategies in curbing air pollutants. The high abundances of some key species (e.g. oxygenated aromatics) indicate the strong emissions of coal combustion in wintertime of NCP. The ratio of naphthalene to C8 aromatics was proposed as a potential indicator of the influence of coal combustion on VOCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianjun He
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Bin Yuan
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou 511443, China.
| | - Caihong Wu
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Sihang Wang
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Chaomin Wang
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Yibo Huangfu
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Jipeng Qi
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Nan Ma
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Wanyun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather & Key Laboratory for Atmospheric Chemistry of China Meteorology Administration, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ming Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Wentai Chen
- Nanjing Intelligent Environmental Science and Technology Co., Ltd., Nanjing 211800, China
| | - Hang Su
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Yafang Cheng
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Min Shao
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou 511443, China
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Qin Y, Qin J, Zhou X, Yang Y, Chen R, Tan J, Xiao K, Wang X. Effects of pH on light absorption properties of water-soluble organic compounds in particulate matter emitted from typical emission sources. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 424:127688. [PMID: 34775306 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Water-soluble organic compounds (WSOC) have a significant impact on aerosol radiative forcing and climate change, and there is considerable uncertainty in predicting and mitigating their climate and environmental effects. Here, the effects of pH on the light absorption properties of WSOC in particulate matter from different typical emission sources and ambient aerosols were systematically investigated using UV-vis spectrophotometer. pH (2-10) had an important impact on the light absorption properties of WSOC. The absorption, aromaticity, and the light absorption capacity of WSOC increased significantly with increasing pH for all samples. The difference absorbance spectra (∆absorbance) showed that the change of light absorption properties with pH was related to the deprotonate of carboxyl and phenolic groups resonating with aromatic and conjugated systems, with the most likely structures being carboxylic acids and phenols. Coal combustion and summer samples exhibited much higher susceptibility of light absorption properties to pH variation (increased by 27.0% and 65.9% relative to the pH 2 level, respectively). Absorption indices of almost all samples were significantly correlated with pH, indicating that the light absorption properties of WSOC may be quantitatively related to pH. The pH-dependent light absorption properties may have profound implications for evaluating the climate impacts of aerosol WSOC such as radiative forcing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Qin
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Juanjuan Qin
- Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xueming Zhou
- Faculty of Earth Resources, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yanrong Yang
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Rongzhi Chen
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jihua Tan
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Kang Xiao
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Xinming Wang
- Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
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Jiang J, Ding X, Isaacson KP, Tasoglou A, Huber H, Shah AD, Jung N, Boor BE. Ethanol-based disinfectant sprays drive rapid changes in the chemical composition of indoor air in residential buildings. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS LETTERS 2021; 2:100042. [PMID: 34977843 PMCID: PMC8423670 DOI: 10.1016/j.hazl.2021.100042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in increased usage of ethanol-based disinfectants for surface inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 in buildings. Emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and particles from ethanol-based disinfectant sprays were characterized in real-time (1 Hz) via a proton transfer reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometer (PTR-TOF-MS) and a high-resolution electrical low-pressure impactor (HR-ELPI+), respectively. Ethanol-based disinfectants drove sudden changes in the chemical composition of indoor air. VOC and particle concentrations increased immediately after application of the disinfectants, remained elevated during surface contact time, and gradually decreased after wiping. The disinfectants produced a broad spectrum of VOCs with mixing ratios spanning the sub-ppb to ppm range. Ethanol was the dominant VOC emitted by mass, with concentrations exceeding 103 μg m-3 and emission factors ranging from 101 to 102 mg g-1. Listed and unlisted diols, monoterpenes, and monoterpenoids were also abundant. The pressurized sprays released significant quantities (104-105 cm-3) of nano-sized particles smaller than 100 nm, resulting in large deposited doses in the tracheobronchial and pulmonary regions of the respiratory system. Inhalation exposure to VOCs varied with time during the building disinfection events. Much of the VOC inhalation intake (>60 %) occurred after the disinfectant was sprayed and wiped off the surface. Routine building disinfection with ethanol-based sprays during the COVID-19 pandemic may present a human health risk given the elevated production of volatile chemicals and nano-sized particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinglin Jiang
- Lyles School of Civil Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
- Ray W. Herrick Laboratories, Center for High Performance Buildings, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Xiaosu Ding
- Lyles School of Civil Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Kristofer P Isaacson
- Division of Environmental and Ecological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | | | - Heinz Huber
- Edelweiss Technology Solutions, LLC, Novelty, OH, United States
| | - Amisha D Shah
- Lyles School of Civil Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
- Division of Environmental and Ecological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Nusrat Jung
- Lyles School of Civil Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Brandon E Boor
- Lyles School of Civil Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
- Ray W. Herrick Laboratories, Center for High Performance Buildings, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
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8
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Qian Z, Chen Y, Liu Z, Han Y, Zhang Y, Feng Y, Shang Y, Guo H, Li Q, Shen G, Chen J, Tao S. Intermediate Volatile Organic Compound Emissions from Residential Solid Fuel Combustion Based on Field Measurements in Rural China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:5689-5700. [PMID: 33797233 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c07908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Residential solid fuel combustion (RSFC) is a key cause of air pollution in China. In these serial studies, field measurements of RSFC from 166 rural households in eastern China were conducted to update the database of emission factors (EFs) and chemical profiles of gaseous and particulate organic pollutants, and the present study focuses on the intermediate volatile organic compounds (IVOCs), which are precursors of secondary organic aerosol (SOA). The results show that the averaged EFs of IVOCs (EFIVOC) for crop straw, fuelwood, and coal are 550.7 ± 397.9, 416.1 ± 249.5, and 361.9 ± 308.0 mg/kg, respectively, which are among the EFIVOC of gasoline vehicle, diesel vehicle, non-road machinery, and heavy fuel oil vessel, and are significantly affected by fuel, stove, and combustion efficiency. The percentages of normal alkanes (n-alkanes), branched alkanes (b-alkanes), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and unresolved complex mixture from RSFC are 3.5 ± 1.6, 8.0 ± 3.7, 17.6 ± 6.7, and 70.9 ± 8.1%, respectively, and the compositions are featured by lower b-alkanes and higher PAHs than those of vehicle sources. The proportions of some individual n-alkanes and PAHs (such as n-C12-n-C15, naphthalene, and its alkyl substituents) can be used as indicators to differentiate RSFC from vehicle sources, while methoxyphenols can be used to distinguish biomass burning from coal combustion. Based on China's energy statistics, the total IVOC emissions from RSFC in 2014 were 175.9 Gg. These data will help to update the IVOC emission inventory and improve the estimates of SOA production in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Qian
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yingjun Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Zeyu Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yong Han
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yishun Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yanli Feng
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yu Shang
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Hai Guo
- Air Quality Studies, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Qing Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Guofeng Shen
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jianmin Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Shu Tao
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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Ni H, Huang RJ, Pieber SM, Corbin JC, Stefenelli G, Pospisilova V, Klein F, Gysel-Beer M, Yang L, Baltensperger U, Haddad IE, Slowik JG, Cao J, Prévôt ASH, Dusek U. Brown Carbon in Primary and Aged Coal Combustion Emission. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:5701-5710. [PMID: 33826309 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c08084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Smog chamber experiments were conducted to characterize the light absorption of brown carbon (BrC) from primary and photochemically aged coal combustion emissions. Light absorption was measured by the UV-visible spectrophotometric analysis of water and methanol extracts of filter samples. The single-scattering albedo at 450 nm was 0.73 ± 0.10 for primary emissions and 0.75 ± 0.13 for aged emissions. The light absorption coefficient at 365 nm of methanol extracts was higher than that of water extracts by a factor of 10 for primary emissions and a factor of 7 for aged emissions. This suggests that the majority of BrC is water-insoluble even after aging. The mass absorption efficiency of this BrC (MAE365) for primary OA (POA) was dependent on combustion conditions, with an average of 0.84 ± 0.54 m2 g-1, which was significantly higher than that for aged OA (0.24 ± 0.18 m2 g-1). Secondary OA (SOA) dominated aged OA and the decreased MAE365 after aging indicates that SOA is less light absorbing than POA and/or that BrC is bleached (oxidized) with aging. The estimated MAE365 of SOA (0.14 ± 0.08 m2 g-1) was much lower than that of POA. A comparison of MAE365 of residential coal combustion with other anthropogenic sources suggests that residential coal combustion emissions are among the strongest absorbing BrC organics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, CAS Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
- Centre for Isotope Research (CIO), Energy and Sustainability Research Institute Groningen (ESRIG), University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ru-Jin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, CAS Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
- Institute of Global Environmental Change, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Simone M Pieber
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), Villigen 5232, Switzerland
| | - Joel C Corbin
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), Villigen 5232, Switzerland
| | - Giulia Stefenelli
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), Villigen 5232, Switzerland
| | - Veronika Pospisilova
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), Villigen 5232, Switzerland
| | - Felix Klein
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), Villigen 5232, Switzerland
| | - Martin Gysel-Beer
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), Villigen 5232, Switzerland
| | - Lu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, CAS Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Urs Baltensperger
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), Villigen 5232, Switzerland
| | - Imad El Haddad
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), Villigen 5232, Switzerland
| | - Jay G Slowik
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), Villigen 5232, Switzerland
| | - Junji Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, CAS Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - André S H Prévôt
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), Villigen 5232, Switzerland
| | - Ulrike Dusek
- Centre for Isotope Research (CIO), Energy and Sustainability Research Institute Groningen (ESRIG), University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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10
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Gkatzelis GI, Coggon MM, McDonald BC, Peischl J, Aikin KC, Gilman JB, Trainer M, Warneke C. Identifying Volatile Chemical Product Tracer Compounds in U.S. Cities. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:188-199. [PMID: 33325693 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c05467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
With traffic emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) decreasing rapidly over the last decades, the contributions of the emissions from other source categories, such as volatile chemical products (VCPs), have become more apparent in urban air. In this work, in situ measurements of various VOCs are reported for New York City, Pittsburgh, Chicago, and Denver. The magnitude of different emission sources relative to traffic is determined by measuring the urban enhancement of individual compounds relative to the enhancement of benzene, a known tracer of fossil fuel in the United States. The enhancement ratios of several VCP compounds to benzene correlate well with population density (R2 ∼ 0.6-0.8). These observations are consistent with the expectation that some human activity should correlate better with the population density than transportation emissions, due to the lower per capita rate of driving in denser cities. Using these data, together with a bottom-up fuel-based inventory of vehicle emissions and volatile chemical products (FIVE-VCP) inventory, we identify tracer compounds for different VCP categories: decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5-siloxane) for personal care products, monoterpenes for fragrances, p-dichlorobenzene for insecticides, D4-siloxane for adhesives, para-chlorobenzotrifluoride (PCBTF) for solvent-based coatings, and Texanol for water-based coatings. Furthermore, several other compounds are identified (e.g., ethanol) that correlate with population density and originate from multiple VCP sources. Ethanol and fragrances are among the most abundant and reactive VOCs associated with VCP emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios I Gkatzelis
- NOAA Chemical Sciences Laboratory, Earth System Research Laboratories, 325 Broadway, R/CSL7, Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Matthew M Coggon
- NOAA Chemical Sciences Laboratory, Earth System Research Laboratories, 325 Broadway, R/CSL7, Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Brian C McDonald
- NOAA Chemical Sciences Laboratory, Earth System Research Laboratories, 325 Broadway, R/CSL7, Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States
| | - Jeff Peischl
- NOAA Chemical Sciences Laboratory, Earth System Research Laboratories, 325 Broadway, R/CSL7, Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Kenneth C Aikin
- NOAA Chemical Sciences Laboratory, Earth System Research Laboratories, 325 Broadway, R/CSL7, Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Jessica B Gilman
- NOAA Chemical Sciences Laboratory, Earth System Research Laboratories, 325 Broadway, R/CSL7, Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States
| | - Michael Trainer
- NOAA Chemical Sciences Laboratory, Earth System Research Laboratories, 325 Broadway, R/CSL7, Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States
| | - Carsten Warneke
- NOAA Chemical Sciences Laboratory, Earth System Research Laboratories, 325 Broadway, R/CSL7, Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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11
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Gan D, Huang D, Yang J, Zhang L, Ou S, Feng Y, Peng Y, Peng X, Zhang Z, Zou Y. Assessment of kitchen emissions using a backpropagation neural network model based on urinary hydroxy polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 265:114915. [PMID: 32535415 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Kitchen emissions are mixed indoor air pollutants with adverse health effects, but the large-scale assessment is limited by costly equipment and survey methods. This study aimed to discuss the application of backpropagation (BP) neural network models in the assessment of kitchen emissions based on the exposure marker. A total of 3686 participants were recruited for the kitchen survey, and their sleep quality was measured by the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI). After excluding the confounders, 365 participants were selected to assess their urinary hydroxy polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (OH-PAHs) concentrations by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Two BP neural network models were then set up using the survey and detection data from the 365 participants and used to predict the total urinary OH-PAHs concentrations of all participants. The total urinary OH-PAHs and 1-hydroxy-naphthalene (1-OHNap) concentrations were significantly higher among the 365 participants with poor sleep quality (global PSQI score > 5; P < 0.05). Results from internal and external validation showed that our model has high credibility (model 2). Further, the participants with higher predicted total urinary OH-PAHs concentrations were associated with the global PSQI score of >5 (odds ratio (OR) = 1.284, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.082-1.525 for participants with predicted total urinary OH-PAHs concentrations of over 1.897 μg/mmol creatinine in model 1, and OR = 1.467, 95% CI = 1.240-1.735 for participants with predicted total urinary OH-PAHs concentrations of over 2.253 μg/mmol creatinine in model 2) after adjusting for the confounders. Findings suggest that the BP neural network model is suitable for assessing kitchen emissions, and the urinary OH-PAHs concentrations can be taken as the model outlay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Gan
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China; Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Diseases, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Daizheng Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Preclinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China; Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Diseases, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Li'e Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China; Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Diseases, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Songfeng Ou
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Yumeng Feng
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Yang Peng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China; Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Diseases, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Xiaowu Peng
- Center for Environmental Health Research, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Yunfeng Zou
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China; Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Diseases, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China.
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12
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Luo H, Li G, Chen J, Lin Q, Ma S, Wang Y, An T. Spatial and temporal distribution characteristics and ozone formation potentials of volatile organic compounds from three typical functional areas in China. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 183:109141. [PMID: 31999999 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ozone is currently one of the most important air pollutants. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) can easily react with atmospheric radicals to form ozone. In-field measurement of VOCs may help in estimating the local VOC photochemical pollution level. METHOD This study examined the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of VOCs during winter at three typical sites of varying classification in China; industrial (Guangzhou Economic and Technological Development District (GETDD)), urban (Guangzhou higher education mega center (HEMC)), and rural (Pingyuan county (PYC)), using Proton-Transfer-Reaction Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (PTR-ToF-MS). RESULTS The concentrations of total VOCs (TVOCs) at the GETDD, HEMC and PYC sites were 352.5, 129.2 and 75.1 ppb, respectively. The dominant category of VOCs is nitrogen-containing VOCs (NVOCs, accounting for 43.3% of TVOCs) at GETDD, of which C4H11N (m/z+ = 74.10, butyl amine) was the predominant chemical species (80.5%). In contrast, oxygenated VOCs (OVOCs) were the most abundant at HEMC and PYC, accounting for 60.2% and 64.1% of the total VOCs, respectively; here, CH4O (m/z+ = 33.026, methanol) was the major compound, accounting for 40.5% of the VOCs at HEMC and 50.9% at PYC. The ratios of toluene to benzene (T/B) were calculated for different measured sites, as the ratios of T/B can reveal source resolution of aromatic VOCs. The average contributions to total ozone formation potentials (OFP) of the total measured VOCs in each area were 604.9, 315.9 and 111.7 μg/m3 at GETDD, HEMC and PYC, respectively; the highest OFP contributors of the identified VOCs were aliphatic hydrocarbons (AlHs) at GETDD, aromatic hydrocarbons (AHs) at HEMC, and OVOCs at PYC. CONCLUSIONS OFP assessment indicated that the photochemical pollution caused by VOCs at GETDD was serious, and was also significant in the HEMC region. The dominant VOC OFP groups (AlHs and AHs) should be prioritized for control, in order to help reduce these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Luo
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Guiying Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jiangyao Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Qinhao Lin
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Shengtao Ma
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yujie Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Taicheng An
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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13
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Liu Y, Song M, Liu X, Zhang Y, Hui L, Kong L, Zhang Y, Zhang C, Qu Y, An J, Ma D, Tan Q, Feng M. Characterization and sources of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and their related changes during ozone pollution days in 2016 in Beijing, China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 257:113599. [PMID: 31796324 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Concentrations of 99 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were continuously measured online at an urban site in Beijing, China, in January, April, July, and October 2016. Characterization and sources of VOCs and their related changes during days with heavy ozone (O3) pollution were analysed. The total observed concentration of VOCs (TVOCs) was 44.0 ± 28.9 ppbv. The VOC pollution level has decreased in Beijing but remains higher than in other Chinese cities. Alkanes comprised the highest proportion among seven major sampled VOC groups. The concentrations and sources of ambient VOCs showed obvious temporal variations. Six emission sources were identified by the positive matrix factorization (PMF), including biomass burning, coal combustion, gasoline vehicles, diesel vehicles, solvent usage, and biogenic + secondary emissions. The combustion source was the key control factor for VOC reduction in Beijing. From the potential source contribution function (PSCF) and concentration-weighted trajectory (CWT) model, Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Shanxi, Inner Mongolia, Shandong, and Henan were identified as major potential source regions of ambient VOCs. O3 formation was sensitive to VOCs in Beijing according to the VOC/NOx ratio (ppbC/ppbv, 8:1 threshold). High- and low-O3 days in July were identified, and high O3 levels were due to both enhanced VOC emission levels and meteorological conditions favourable to the production of O3. These findings provide evidence that the fuel combustion and regional transport have a great impact on concentrations and sources of VOCs in urban Beijing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Mengdi Song
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xingang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Yuepeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Lirong Hui
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Liuwei Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yingying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yu Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Junling An
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Depeng Ma
- Appraisal Center for Environment & Engineering, Ministry of Environment and Ecology, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Qinwen Tan
- Chengdu Academy of Environmental Sciences, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Miao Feng
- Chengdu Academy of Environmental Sciences, Chengdu, 610072, China
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14
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Sun J, Shen Z, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Zhang T, Lei Y, Niu X, Zhang Q, Dang W, Han W, Cao J, Xu H, Liu P, Li X. Volatile organic compounds emissions from traditional and clean domestic heating appliances in Guanzhong Plain, China: Emission factors, source profiles, and effects on regional air quality. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 133:105252. [PMID: 31678907 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.105252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Solid (biomass and coal) fuels burned for residential heating are major sources of atmospheric volatile organic compounds (VOCs). In this study, VOC samples were collected in-situ from chimneys in 10 typical heating scenarios in rural areas of the Guanzhong Plain. A modified SUMA canister approach was then employed, followed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis. Emission factors (EFs) (as received basis) of targeted non-methane VOCs (NMVOCs) varied from 90.3 ± 29.3 to 12300 ± 1510 mg kg-1 in descending order of fuel wood > maize straw > bitumite ≫ anthracite (p < 0.05). Both clean stove and coal briquetting technologies effectively reduced VOC EFs compared with traditional heating methods. The EFs of methane (CH4) had similar characteristics to those of NMVOCs. However, they yielded different correlations with CO because of their differing mechanisms of formation. Coefficient of divergence (CD) values showed that a semi-gasifier has a limited effect on changing VOC profiles compared with a traditional stove using the same fuels. However, different types of fuel produce CD values over 0.50, which should therefore be classified as different sub-categories in source apportionment models. Correlation analysis showed that volatile matter content (V%) and modified combustion efficiency (MCE) were the two primary factors influencing NMVOC and CH4 emissions. A stepwise linear regression analysis showed that V%, MCE, and element nitrogen content (N%) can be used to predict total VOC (TVOCs, including CH4 and NMVOCs) emissions with regression coefficients of 0.23, -72.8 and -6.53, respectively (R2 = 0.92, p < 0.001). Ozone formation potential (OFP) EFs from burning solid fuel ranged from 72 to 18680 mg kg-1, with an approximate 50% contribution from alkenes. VOCs from burning solid fuel were equivalent to 62 to 22200 mg kg-1 secondary organic aerosol formation potential (SOAP), most of which (>95%) were contributed by aromatics. A semi-gasifier and coal briquettes were effective in reducing TVOC emissions, even when used in conjunction with a traditional stove and fuels. It is estimated that over 15,000 ton year-1 emissions can be reduced in Guanzhong Plain by adopting a semi-gasifier and coal briquettes, resulting in a 57,000 and 65,000 ton year-1 reduction of OFP and SOAP emissions, respectively. These results demonstrate that the use of clean heating technologies in Guanzhong Plain has considerable potential in relation to emissions reduction and thus provides a feasible solution to mitigate VOCs and related secondary pollutants emitted by residential solid fuel burning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Sun
- School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China; Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Zhenxing Shen
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
| | - Leiming Zhang
- Air Quality Research Division, Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Toronto, Canada
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Tian Zhang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Yali Lei
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Xinyi Niu
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Wei Dang
- College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Wenping Han
- Environmental Monitoring Station of Fufeng County, West Street of Fufeng County, 722200, China
| | - Junji Cao
- Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Hongmei Xu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Pingping Liu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Xuxiang Li
- School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
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15
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Cai S, Zhu L, Wang S, Wisthaler A, Li Q, Jiang J, Hao J. Time-Resolved Intermediate-Volatility and Semivolatile Organic Compound Emissions from Household Coal Combustion in Northern China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:9269-9278. [PMID: 31288521 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b00734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Coal combustion in low-efficiency household stoves results in the emission of large amounts of nonmethane organic compounds (NMOCs), including intermediate-volatility compounds (IVOCs) and semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs). This conceptual picture is reasonably well established, however, quantitative assessment of I/SVOC emissions from household stoves is rare. We used a proton-transfer-reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometer (PTR-ToF-MS) to quantify the emissions of organic gases from a typical Chinese household coal stove operated with anthracite and bituminous coals. Most NMOCs (approximately 64-88%) were dominated by hydrocarbons and emitted during the ignition and flaming phases. The ratio of oxidized hydrocarbons increased during the flaming and smoldering stages due to the elevated combustion efficiency. The average emission factors of NMOCs were 121 ± 25.7 and 3690 ± 930 mg/kg for anthracite and bituminous coals, respectively. I/SVOCs contributed to approximately 30% of the total emitted NMOC mass during bituminous coal combustion, much higher than the contribution of biomass burning (approximately 1.5%). Furthermore, I/SVOCs may contribute over 70% of the secondary organic aerosol (SOA) mass formed from gaseous organic species emitted as a result of bituminous coal combustion. This study highlights the importance of inventorying coal-originated I/SVOCs when conducting SOA formation simulation studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyi Cai
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , P. R. China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex , Beijing 100084 , P. R. China
| | - Liang Zhu
- Department of Chemistry , University of Oslo , Postboks 1033 Blindern , NO-0315 Oslo , Norway
| | - Shuxiao Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , P. R. China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex , Beijing 100084 , P. R. China
| | - Armin Wisthaler
- Department of Chemistry , University of Oslo , Postboks 1033 Blindern , NO-0315 Oslo , Norway
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering , Fudan University , Shanghai 200433 , P. R. China
| | - Jingkun Jiang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , P. R. China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex , Beijing 100084 , P. R. China
| | - Jiming Hao
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , P. R. China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex , Beijing 100084 , P. R. China
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16
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Bilsback KR, Dahlke J, Fedak KM, Good N, Hecobian A, Herckes P, L'Orange C, Mehaffy J, Sullivan A, Tryner J, Van Zyl L, Walker ES, Zhou Y, Pierce JR, Wilson A, Peel JL, Volckens J. A Laboratory Assessment of 120 Air Pollutant Emissions from Biomass and Fossil Fuel Cookstoves. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:7114-7125. [PMID: 31132247 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b07019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Cookstoves emit many pollutants that are harmful to human health and the environment. However, most of the existing scientific literature focuses on fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and carbon monoxide (CO). We present an extensive data set of speciated air pollution emissions from wood, charcoal, kerosene, and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) cookstoves. One-hundred and twenty gas- and particle-phase constituents-including organic carbon, elemental carbon (EC), ultrafine particles (10-100 nm), inorganic ions, carbohydrates, and volatile/semivolatile organic compounds (e.g., alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, aromatics, carbonyls, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs))-were measured in the exhaust from 26 stove/fuel combinations. We find that improved biomass stoves tend to reduce PM2.5 emissions; however, certain design features (e.g., insulation or a fan) tend to increase relative levels of other coemitted pollutants (e.g., EC ultrafine particles, carbonyls, or PAHs, depending on stove type). In contrast, the pressurized kerosene and LPG stoves reduced all pollutants relative to a traditional three-stone fire (≥93% and ≥79%, respectively). Finally, we find that PM2.5 and CO are not strong predictors of coemitted pollutants, which is problematic because these pollutants may not be indicators of other cookstove smoke constituents (such as formaldehyde and acetaldehyde) that may be emitted at concentrations that are harmful to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey R Bilsback
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Colorado State University , 1374 Campus Delivery , Fort Collins , Colorado 80523 , United States
| | - Jordyn Dahlke
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Colorado State University , 1374 Campus Delivery , Fort Collins , Colorado 80523 , United States
| | - Kristen M Fedak
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences , Colorado State University , 1681 Campus Delivery , Fort Collins , Colorado 80523 , United States
| | - Nicholas Good
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences , Colorado State University , 1681 Campus Delivery , Fort Collins , Colorado 80523 , United States
| | - Arsineh Hecobian
- Department of Atmospheric Science , Colorado State University , 1371 Campus Delivery , Fort Collins , Colorado 80523 , United States
| | - Pierre Herckes
- School of Molecular Sciences , Arizona State University , 1604 Campus Delivery , Tempe , Arizona 85287 , United States
| | - Christian L'Orange
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Colorado State University , 1374 Campus Delivery , Fort Collins , Colorado 80523 , United States
| | - John Mehaffy
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Colorado State University , 1374 Campus Delivery , Fort Collins , Colorado 80523 , United States
| | - Amy Sullivan
- Department of Atmospheric Science , Colorado State University , 1371 Campus Delivery , Fort Collins , Colorado 80523 , United States
| | - Jessica Tryner
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Colorado State University , 1374 Campus Delivery , Fort Collins , Colorado 80523 , United States
| | - Lizette Van Zyl
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Colorado State University , 1374 Campus Delivery , Fort Collins , Colorado 80523 , United States
| | - Ethan S Walker
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences , Colorado State University , 1681 Campus Delivery , Fort Collins , Colorado 80523 , United States
| | - Yong Zhou
- Department of Atmospheric Science , Colorado State University , 1371 Campus Delivery , Fort Collins , Colorado 80523 , United States
| | - Jeffrey R Pierce
- Department of Atmospheric Science , Colorado State University , 1371 Campus Delivery , Fort Collins , Colorado 80523 , United States
| | - Ander Wilson
- Department of Statistics , Colorado State University , 1877 Campus Delivery , Fort Collins , Colorado 80523 , United States
| | - Jennifer L Peel
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences , Colorado State University , 1681 Campus Delivery , Fort Collins , Colorado 80523 , United States
| | - John Volckens
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Colorado State University , 1374 Campus Delivery , Fort Collins , Colorado 80523 , United States
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