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Yang L, Chen Q, Wei J, Fan T, Kong L, Long T, Zhang S, Deng S. Response of microbial communities in aquifers with multiple organic solvent contamination: Implications for MNA remedy. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 474:134798. [PMID: 38843633 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
The application of Monitored Natural Attenuation (MNA) technology has been widespread, while there is a paucity of data on groundwater with multiple co-contaminants. This study focused on high permeability, low hydraulic gradient groundwater with co-contamination of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BTEX), chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons (CAHs), and chlorinated aromatic hydrocarbons (CPs). The objective was to investigate the responses of microbial communities during natural attenuation processes. Results revealed greater horizontal variation in groundwater microbial community composition compared to vertical variation. The variation was strongly correlated with the total contaminant quantity (r = 0.722, p < 0.001) rather than individual contaminants. BTEX exerted a more significant influence on community diversity than other contaminants. The assembly of groundwater microbial communities was primarily governed by deterministic processes (βNTI < -2) in high contaminant concentration zones, while stochastic processes (|βNTI| < 2) dominated in low-concentration zones. Moreover, the microbial interactions shifted at different depths indicating the degradation rate variation in the vertical. This study makes fundamental contribution to the understanding for the effects of groundwater flow and material fields on indigenous microbial communities, which will provide a scientific basis for more precise adoption of microbial stimulation/augmentation to accelerate the rate of contaminant removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Yang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Management and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of China, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Qiang Chen
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Management and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of China, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Jing Wei
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Management and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of China, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Tingting Fan
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Management and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of China, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Lingya Kong
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Management and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of China, Nanjing 210042, China.
| | - Tao Long
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Management and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of China, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Shengtian Zhang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Management and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of China, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Shaopo Deng
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Management and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of China, Nanjing 210042, China.
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Wang M, Jiang D, Yang L, Wei J, Kong L, Xie W, Ding D, Fan T, Deng S. Natural attenuation of BTEX and chlorobenzenes in a formerly contaminated pesticide site in China: Examining kinetics, mechanisms, and isotopes analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 918:170506. [PMID: 38307285 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Groundwater contamination from abandoned pesticide sites is a prevalent issue in China. To address this problem, natural attenuation (NA) of pollutants has been increasingly employed as a management strategy for abandoned pesticide sites. However, limited studies have focused on the long-term NA process of co-existing organic pollutants in abandoned pesticide sites by an integrated approach. In this study, the NA of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX), and chlorobenzenes (CBs) in groundwater of a retired industry in China was systematically investigated during the monitoring period from June 2016 to December 2021. The findings revealed that concentrations of BTEX and CBs were effectively reduced, and their NA followed first-order kinetics with different rate constants. The sulfate-reducing bacteria, nitrate-reducing bacteria, fermenting bacteria, aromatic hydrocarbon metabolizing bacteria, and reductive dechlorinating bacteria were detected in groundwater. It was observed that distinct environmental parameters played a role in shaping both overall and key bacterial communities. ORP (14.72%) and BTEX (12.89%) were the main drivers for variations of the whole and key functional microbial community, respectively. Moreover, BTEX accelerated reductive dechlorination. Furthermore, BTEX and CBs exhibited significant enrichment of 13C, ranging from +2.9 to +27.3‰, demonstrating their significance in situ biodegradation. This study provides a scientific basis for site management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjie Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Management and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Dengdeng Jiang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Management and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Lu Yang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Management and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Jing Wei
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Management and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Lingya Kong
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Management and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Wenyi Xie
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Management and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Da Ding
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Management and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Tingting Fan
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Management and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Shaopo Deng
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Management and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210046, China.
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Wu J, Jiang Z, Yu G, Hu E. Transformation of chlorobenzene by Mn(III) generated in MnO 2/organic acid systems. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 345:123527. [PMID: 38336136 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Chlorobenzene (CB) is a prevalent organic contaminant in water and soil environments. It presents high chemical stability and is resistant to both oxidation and reduction. In this study, we showed that CB was substantially removed by soluble Mn(III) produced during the reductive dissolution of colloidal MnO2 by naturally-occurring organic acids such as formate (FOR), oxalate (OX), and citrate (CIT). The removal rate was dependent on the physicochemical properties of organic acids. With strong electron-donating and coordination ability, OX and CIT promoted MnO2 dissolution and Mn(III) generation compared to FOR, but had adverse effects on the stability and reactivity of Mn(III). As a result, CB removal followed the order: MnO2/CIT > MnO2/FOR > MnO2/OX. Analysis of the transformation products showed that Mn(III) complexes acted as strong electrophiles, attacking the ortho/para carbons of the benzene ring and transforming CB to chlorophenols via an electrophilic substitution mechanism. The theoretical foundation of this proposed reaction mechanism was supplemented by quantum mechanical calculations. Together, the findings of this study provide new insights into the transformation of CB in natural environments and hold the potential to offer a novel strategy for the development of manganese oxide/ligand systems for CB elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wu
- Center for Membrane and Water Science & Technology, Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
| | - Zhenzhen Jiang
- Center for Membrane and Water Science & Technology, Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Guanghui Yu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Earth Critical Zone Science, Sustainable Development in Bohai Rim, Bohai Coastal Critical Zone National Observation and Research Station, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Erdan Hu
- Center for Membrane and Water Science & Technology, Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
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Wu Z, Yu X, Ji Y, Liu G, Gao P, Xia L, Li P, Liang B, Freilich S, Gu L, Qiao W, Jiang J. Flexible catabolism of monoaromatic hydrocarbons by anaerobic microbiota adapting to oxygen exposure. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 462:132762. [PMID: 37837778 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
Microbe-mediated anaerobic degradation is a practical method for remediation of the hazardous monoaromatic hydrocarbons (BTEX, including benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes) under electron-deficient contaminated sites. However, how do the anaerobic functional microbes adapt to oxygen exposure and flexibly catabolize BTEX remain poorly understood. We investigated the switches of substrate spectrum and bacterial community upon oxygen perturbation in a nitrate-amended anaerobic toluene-degrading microbiota which was dominated by Aromatoleum species. DNA-stable isotope probing demonstrated that Aromatoleum species was involved in anaerobic mineralization of toluene. Metagenome-assembled genome of Aromatoleum species harbored both the nirBD-type genes for nitrate reduction to ammonium coupled with toluene oxidation and the additional meta-cleavage pathway for aerobic benzene catabolism. Once the anaerobic microbiota was fully exposed to oxygen and benzene, 1.05 ± 0.06% of Diaphorobacter species rapidly replaced Aromatoleum species and flourished to 96.72 ± 0.01%. Diaphorobacter sp. ZM was isolated, which was not only able to utilize benzene as the sole carbon source for aerobic growth and but also innovatively reduce nitrate to ammonium with citrate/lactate/glucose as the carbon source under anaerobic conditions. This study expands our understanding of the adaptive mechanism of microbiota for environmental redox disturbance and provides theoretical guidance for the bioremediation of BTEX-contaminated sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiming Wu
- Department of Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xin Yu
- Department of Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yanhan Ji
- Department of Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Guiping Liu
- Department of Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ping Gao
- Department of Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Lei Xia
- Department of Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Pengfa Li
- Department of Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Bin Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Shiri Freilich
- Newe Ya'ar Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Ramat Yishay, Israel
| | - Lifeng Gu
- ChangXing AISHENG Environmental Technology Co., Ltd, Zhejiang 313199, China
| | - Wenjing Qiao
- Department of Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Jiandong Jiang
- Department of Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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Zhang X, Long T, Deng S, Chen Q, Chen S, Luo M, Yu R, Zhu X. Machine Learning Modeling Based on Microbial Community for Prediction of Natural Attenuation in Groundwater. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:21212-21223. [PMID: 38064381 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c05667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Natural attenuation is widely adopted as a remediation strategy, and the attenuation potential is crucial to evaluate whether remediation goals can be achieved within the specified time. In this work, long-term monitoring of indigenous microbial communities as well as benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX) and chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons (CAHs) in groundwater was conducted at a historic pesticide manufacturing site. A machine learning approach for natural attenuation prediction was developed with random forest classification (RFC) followed by either random forest regression (RFR) or artificial neural networks (ANNs), utilizing microbiological information and contaminant attenuation rates for model training and cross-validation. Results showed that the RFC could accurately predict the feasibility of natural attenuation for both BTEX and CAHs, and it could successfully identify the key genera. The RFR model was sufficient for the BTEX natural attenuation rate prediction but unreliable for CAHs. The ANN model showed better performance in the prediction of the attenuation rates for both BTEX and CAHs. Based on the assessments, a composite modeling method of RFC and ANN was proposed, which could reduce the mean absolute percentage errors. This study reveals that the combined machine learning approach under the synergistic use of field microbial data has promising potential for predicting natural attenuation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Zhang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Management and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of China, Nanjing 210042, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tao Long
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Management and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of China, Nanjing 210042, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shaopo Deng
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Management and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of China, Nanjing 210042, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiang Chen
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Management and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of China, Nanjing 210042, Jiangsu, China
| | - Sheng Chen
- Geo-engineering Investigation Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210041, Jiangsu, China
| | - Moye Luo
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Management and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of China, Nanjing 210042, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ran Yu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xin Zhu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Management and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of China, Nanjing 210042, Jiangsu, China
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De Vera J, Chen W, Phillips E, Gilevska T, Morgan SA, Norcross S, West K, Mack EE, Lollar BS. Compound-specific isotope analysis (CSIA) evaluation of degradation of chlorinated benzenes (CBs) and benzene in a contaminated aquifer. JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY 2022; 250:104051. [PMID: 35901656 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2022.104051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Compound-specific isotope analysis (CSIA) has become a valuable tool in understanding the fate of organic contaminants at field sites. However, its application to chlorinated benzenes (CBs), a group of toxic and persistent groundwater contaminants, has received less attention. This study employed CSIA to investigate the occurrence of natural degradation of various CBs and benzene in a contaminated aquifer. Despite the complexity of the study area (e.g., installation of a sheet pile barrier and the presence of a complex set of contaminants), the substantial enrichments in δ13C values (i.e., >2‰) for all CBs and benzene across the sampling wells indicate in situ degradation of these compounds. In particular, the 13C enrichments for 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene (1,2,4-TCB) and 1,2-dichlorobenzene (1,2-DCB) display good correlations with decreasing groundwater concentrations, consistent with the effects of in situ biodegradation. Using the Rayleigh model, the extent of degradation (EoD) is estimated to be 47-99% for 1,2-DCB, and 21-73% for 1,2,4-TCB. The enrichments observed for the other CBs (1,4-DCB and chlorobenzene (MCB)) and benzene at the site are also suggestive of in situ biodegradation. Due to simultaneous degradation and production of 1,4-DCB (a major 1,2,4-TCB degradation product), MCB (from DCB degradation), and benzene (from MCB degradation), the estimation of EoD for these intermediate compounds is more complex but a modelling simulation supports in situ biodegradation of these daughter products. In particular, the fact that the δ13C values of MCB and benzene (i.e., daughter products of 1,2,4-TCB) are more enriched than the original δ13C value of their parent 1,2,4-TCB provides definitive evidence for the occurrence of in situ biodegradation of the MCB and benzene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan De Vera
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Toronto, 22 Ursula Franklin Street, M5S 3B1, Ontario, Canada
| | - Weibin Chen
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Toronto, 22 Ursula Franklin Street, M5S 3B1, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Phillips
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Toronto, 22 Ursula Franklin Street, M5S 3B1, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tetyana Gilevska
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Toronto, 22 Ursula Franklin Street, M5S 3B1, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - Kathryn West
- AECOM, 1 Canal Rd, Pennsville, NJ 08023, United States
| | - E Erin Mack
- Corteva Agriscience, 974 Centre Road, Wilmington, DE 19805, United States
| | - Barbara Sherwood Lollar
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Toronto, 22 Ursula Franklin Street, M5S 3B1, Ontario, Canada.
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Guo S, Toth CRA, Luo F, Chen X, Xiao J, Edwards EA. Transient Oxygen Exposure Causes Profound and Lasting Changes to a Benzene-Degrading Methanogenic Community. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:13036-13045. [PMID: 36083837 PMCID: PMC9496526 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c02624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the impact of oxygen on a strictly anaerobic, methanogenic benzene-degrading enrichment culture derived decades ago from oil-contaminated sediment. The culture includes a benzene fermenter from Deltaproteobacteria candidate clade Sva0485 (referred to as ORM2) and methanogenic archaea. A one-time injection of 0.1 mL air , simulating a small leak into 30 mL batch culture bottle, had no measurable impact on benzene degradation rates, although retrospectively, a tiny enrichment of aerobic taxa was detected. A subsequent 100 times larger injection of air stalled methanogenesis and caused drastic perturbation of the microbial community. A benzene-degrading Pseudomonas became highly enriched and consumed all available oxygen. Anaerobic benzene-degrading ORM2 cell numbers plummeted during this time; re-growth and associated recovery of methanogenic benzene degradation took almost 1 year. These results highlight the oxygen sensitivity of this methanogenic culture and confirm that the mechanism for anaerobic biotransformation of benzene is independent of oxygen, fundamentally different from established aerobic pathways, and is carried out by distinct microbial communities. The study also highlights the importance of including microbial decay in characterizing and modeling mixed microbial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Xu Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering
and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Johnny Xiao
- Department of Chemical Engineering
and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Elizabeth A. Edwards
- Department of Chemical Engineering
and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada
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Qiao W, Liu G, Li M, Su X, Lu L, Ye S, Wu J, Edwards EA, Jiang J. Complete Reductive Dechlorination of 4-Hydroxy-chlorothalonil by Dehalogenimonas Populations. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:12237-12246. [PMID: 35951369 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c02574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Chlorothalonil (2,4,5,6-tetrachloroisophthalonitrile, TePN) is one of the most widely used fungicides all over the world. Its major environmental transformation product 4-hydroxy-chlorothalonil (4-hydroxy-2,5,6-trichloroisophthalonitrile, 4-OH-TPN) is more persistent, mobile, and toxic and is frequently detected at a higher concentration in various habitats compared to its parent compound TePN. Further microbial transformation of 4-OH-TPN has never been reported. In this study, we demonstrated that 4-OH-TPN underwent complete microbial reductive dehalogenation to 4-hydroxy-isophthalonitrile via 4-hydroxy-dichloroisophthalonitrile and 4-hydroxy-monochloroisophthalonitrile. 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing demonstrated that Dehalogenimonas species was enriched from 6% to 17-22% after reductive dechlorination of 77.24 μmol of 4-OH-TPN. Meanwhile, Dehalogenimonas copies increased by one order of magnitude and obtained a yield of 1.78 ± 1.47 × 108 cells per μmol Cl- released (N = 6), indicating that 4-OH-TPN served as the terminal electron acceptor for organohalide respiration of Dehalogenimonas species. A draft genome of Dehalogenimonas species was assembled through metagenomic sequencing, which harbors 30 putative reductive dehalogenase genes. Syntrophobacter, Acetobacterium, and Methanosarcina spp. were found to be the major non-dechlorinating populations in the microbial community, who might play important roles in the reductive dechlorination of 4-OH-TPN by the Dehalogenimonas species. This study first reports that Dehalogenimonas sp. can also respire on the seemingly dead-end product of TePN, paving the way to complete biotransformation of the widely present TePN and broadening the substrate spectrum of Dehalogenimonas sp. to polychlorinated hydroxy-benzonitrile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Qiao
- Department of Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Guiping Liu
- Department of Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Mengya Li
- Department of Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiaojing Su
- Department of Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Lianghua Lu
- Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Environmental Science, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Nanjing 210036, China
| | - Shujun Ye
- Key Laboratory of Surficial Geochemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jichun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Surficial Geochemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Elizabeth A Edwards
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Jiandong Jiang
- Department of Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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Zhang X, Luo M, Deng S, Long T, Sun L, Yu R. Field study of microbial community structure and dechlorination activity in a multi-solvents co-contaminated site undergoing natural attenuation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 423:127010. [PMID: 34474368 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BTEX and chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons (CAHs) are the common pollutants found at contaminated sites, and natural attenuation (NA) of CAHs was widely observed where they coexist. In this work, the groundwater in a site co-contaminated with BTEX and CAHs was monitored for 1 year. The compositions and activities of the microfloras, especially dechlorinators and their relationships with the contaminants, geochemical properties, seasons and depth were evaluated. The results are consistent with the well-known NA conceptual model where CAHs are not able to stimulate the enrichment of dechlorinators alone, but BTEX does promote dechlorination. The higher temperature, rather than ORP in the deeper groundwater of the wet season became a key factor to promote the abundance of dechlorinators, but only when BTEX was available, indicating that the substrates from the BTEX biodegradation played an important role in the dechlorinator enrichment. The elevated ORP in the shallower groundwater exceeded the optimum conditions for reductive dechlorination and no significant seasonal variation of dechlorinators was found. The co-occurrence network revealed the cooperative interactions among the functional microfloras in which dechlorinators, BTEX degraders, and fermentative bacteria jointly promoted the dechlorination. These findings provided us a further understanding of the NA processes in a commingled plume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Zhang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Management and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of China, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Moye Luo
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Management and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of China, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shaopo Deng
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Management and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of China, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tao Long
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Management and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of China, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liwei Sun
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ran Yu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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10
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Ying Z, Chen H, Gao J, Zhang S, Peng R, You J, Chen J, Zhao J. External potential regulated biocathode for enhanced removal of gaseous chlorobenzene in bioelectrchemical system. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 274:129990. [PMID: 33979919 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Microbial electrolysis cell (MEC) with a biocathode could provide extra reaction driving force for gaseous chlorobenzene (CB) removal. In this work, external potentials (-0.1 to -0.7 V vs. SHE) were applied to regulate the biocathodic activity. Results showed -0.3 V was the optimum potential, while the removal efficiency, dechlorination efficiency and Coulombic efficiency achieved 94%, 65%, and 89%, respectively. Electrochemical stimulation enriched dechlorination microorganisms (Achromobacter and Gordonia), and significantly improved CB mineralization efficiency, which was twice higher than that without additional potential at 300 mg m-3 inlet concentration. Furthermore, electron transfer between biocathode and microorganisms was mainly through direct electron transfer (DET). A new integrated redox pathway for CB anaerobic degradation was proposed, in which CB was sequentially converted into 2-chlorophenol and 3-chlorocatechol, then dechlorinated to catechol, and finally mineralized into CO2. Overall, this work provided an insight into gaseous CB bioelectrochemical degradation through the potential regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zanyun Ying
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, China
| | - Han Chen
- Zhejiang University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Jialing Gao
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, China
| | - Shihan Zhang
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, China
| | - Ruijian Peng
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, China
| | - Juping You
- School of Petrochemical Engineering & Environment, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, China
| | - Jianmeng Chen
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, China; School of Petrochemical Engineering & Environment, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, China
| | - Jingkai Zhao
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, China; College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China.
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11
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Toth CRA, Luo F, Bawa N, Webb J, Guo S, Dworatzek S, Edwards EA. Anaerobic Benzene Biodegradation Linked to the Growth of Highly Specific Bacterial Clades. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:7970-7980. [PMID: 34041904 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c00508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Reliance on bioremediation to remove benzene from anoxic environments has proven risky for decades but for unknown reasons. Research has revealed a strong link between anaerobic benzene biodegradation and the enrichment of highly specific microbes, including Thermincola in the family Peptococcaceae and the deltaproteobacterial Candidate Sva0485 clade. Using aquifer materials from Canadian Forces Base Borden, we compared five bioremediation approaches in batch microcosms. Under conditions simulating natural attenuation or sulfate biostimulation, benzene was not degraded after 1-2 years of incubation and no enrichment of known benzene-degrading microbes occurred. In contrast, nitrate-amended microcosms reported benzene biodegradation coincident with significant growth of Thermincola spp., along with a functional gene presumed to catalyze anaerobic benzene carboxylation (abcA). Inoculation with 2.5% of a methanogenic benzene-degrading consortium containing Sva0485 (Deltaproteobacteria ORM2) resulted in benzene biodegradation in the presence of sulfate or under methanogenic conditions. The presence of other hydrocarbon co-contaminants decreased the rates of benzene degradation by a factor of 2 to 4. Tracking the abundance of the abcA gene and 16S rRNA genes specific for benzene-degrading Thermincola and Sva0485 is recommended to monitor benzene bioremediation in anoxic groundwater systems to further uncover growth-rate-limiting conditions for these two intriguing phylotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney R A Toth
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Fei Luo
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Nancy Bawa
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Jennifer Webb
- SiREM, 130 Stone Road West, Guelph, Ontario N1G 3Z2, Canada
| | - Shen Guo
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada
| | | | - Elizabeth A Edwards
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada
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12
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Chow SJ, Lorah MM, Wadhawan AR, Durant ND, Bouwer EJ. Sequential biodegradation of 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene at oxic-anoxic groundwater interfaces in model laboratory columns. JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY 2020; 231:103639. [PMID: 32283437 DOI: 10.7281/t1/i3ilxo] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Halogenated organic solvents such as chlorobenzenes (CBs) are frequent groundwater contaminants due to legacy spills. When contaminated anaerobic groundwater discharges into surface water through wetlands and other transition zones, aeration can occur from various physical and biological processes at shallow depths, resulting in oxic-anoxic interfaces (OAIs). This study investigated the potential for 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene (1,2,4-TCB) biodegradation at OAIs. A novel upflow column system was developed to create stable anaerobic and aerobic zones, simulating a natural groundwater OAI. Two columns containing (1) sand and (2) a mixture of wetland sediment and sand were operated continuously for 295 days with varied doses of 0.14-1.4 mM sodium lactate (NaLac) as a model electron donor. Both column matrices supported anaerobic reductive dechlorination and aerobic degradation of 1,2,4-TCB spatially separated between anaerobic and aerobic zones. Reductive dechlorination produced a mixture of di- and monochlorobenzene daughter products, with estimated zero-order dechlorination rates up to 31.3 μM/h. Aerobic CB degradation, limited by available dissolved oxygen, occurred for 1,2,4-TCB and all dechlorinated daughter products. Initial reductive dechlorination did not enhance the overall observed extent or rate of subsequent aerobic CB degradation. Increasing NaLac dose increased the extent of reductive dechlorination, but suppressed aerobic CB degradation at 1.4 mM NaLac due to increased oxygen demand. 16S-rRNA sequencing of biofilm microbial communities revealed strong stratification of functional anaerobic and aerobic organisms between redox zones including the sole putative reductive dechlorinator detected in the columns, Dehalobacter. The sediment mixture column supported enhanced reductive dechlorination compared to the sand column at all tested NaLac doses and growth of Dehalobacter populations up to 4.1 × 108 copies/g (51% relative abundance), highlighting the potential benefit of sediments in reductive dechlorination processes. Results from these model systems suggest both substantial anaerobic and aerobic CB degradation can co-occur along the OAI at contaminated sites where bioavailable electron donors and oxygen are both present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J Chow
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Address: 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States
| | - Michelle M Lorah
- U.S. Geological Survey, MD-DE-DC Water Science Center, Address: 5522 Research Park Drive, Baltimore, MD 21228, United States.
| | - Amar R Wadhawan
- Arcadis U.S. Inc., Address: 7550 Teague Road Suite 210, Hanover, MD 21076, United States
| | - Neal D Durant
- Geosyntec Consultants, Address: 10211 Wincopin Cir Floor 4, Columbia, MD 21044, United States
| | - Edward J Bouwer
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Address: 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States
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13
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Chow SJ, Lorah MM, Wadhawan AR, Durant ND, Bouwer EJ. Sequential biodegradation of 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene at oxic-anoxic groundwater interfaces in model laboratory columns. JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY 2020; 231:103639. [PMID: 32283437 PMCID: PMC7217665 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2020.103639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Halogenated organic solvents such as chlorobenzenes (CBs) are frequent groundwater contaminants due to legacy spills. When contaminated anaerobic groundwater discharges into surface water through wetlands and other transition zones, aeration can occur from various physical and biological processes at shallow depths, resulting in oxic-anoxic interfaces (OAIs). This study investigated the potential for 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene (1,2,4-TCB) biodegradation at OAIs. A novel upflow column system was developed to create stable anaerobic and aerobic zones, simulating a natural groundwater OAI. Two columns containing (1) sand and (2) a mixture of wetland sediment and sand were operated continuously for 295 days with varied doses of 0.14-1.4 mM sodium lactate (NaLac) as a model electron donor. Both column matrices supported anaerobic reductive dechlorination and aerobic degradation of 1,2,4-TCB spatially separated between anaerobic and aerobic zones. Reductive dechlorination produced a mixture of di- and monochlorobenzene daughter products, with estimated zero-order dechlorination rates up to 31.3 μM/h. Aerobic CB degradation, limited by available dissolved oxygen, occurred for 1,2,4-TCB and all dechlorinated daughter products. Initial reductive dechlorination did not enhance the overall observed extent or rate of subsequent aerobic CB degradation. Increasing NaLac dose increased the extent of reductive dechlorination, but suppressed aerobic CB degradation at 1.4 mM NaLac due to increased oxygen demand. 16S-rRNA sequencing of biofilm microbial communities revealed strong stratification of functional anaerobic and aerobic organisms between redox zones including the sole putative reductive dechlorinator detected in the columns, Dehalobacter. The sediment mixture column supported enhanced reductive dechlorination compared to the sand column at all tested NaLac doses and growth of Dehalobacter populations up to 4.1 × 108 copies/g (51% relative abundance), highlighting the potential benefit of sediments in reductive dechlorination processes. Results from these model systems suggest both substantial anaerobic and aerobic CB degradation can co-occur along the OAI at contaminated sites where bioavailable electron donors and oxygen are both present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J Chow
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Address: 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States
| | - Michelle M Lorah
- U.S. Geological Survey, MD-DE-DC Water Science Center, Address: 5522 Research Park Drive, Baltimore, MD 21228, United States.
| | - Amar R Wadhawan
- Arcadis U.S. Inc., Address: 7550 Teague Road Suite 210, Hanover, MD 21076, United States
| | - Neal D Durant
- Geosyntec Consultants, Address: 10211 Wincopin Cir Floor 4, Columbia, MD 21044, United States
| | - Edward J Bouwer
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Address: 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States
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14
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Qiao W, Luo F, Lomheim L, Mack EE, Ye S, Wu J, Edwards EA. A Dehalogenimonas Population Respires 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene and Dichlorobenzenes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:13391-13398. [PMID: 30371071 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b04239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Chlorobenzenes are ubiquitous contaminants in groundwater and soil at many industrial sites. Previously, we demonstrated the natural attenuation of chlorobenzenes and benzene at a contaminated site inferred from a 5 year site investigation and parallel laboratory microcosm studies. To identify the microbes responsible for the observed dechlorination of chlorobenzenes, the microbial community was surveyed using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Members of the Dehalobacter and Dehalococcoides are reported to respire chlorobenzenes; however, neither were abundant in our sediment microcosms. Instead, we observed a significant increase in the relative abundance of Dehalogenimonas from <1% to 16-30% during dechlorination of 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene (TCB), 1,2-dichlorobenzene (DCB), and 1,3-DCB over 19 months. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) confirmed that Dehalogenimonas gene copies increased by 2 orders of magnitude with an average yield of 3.6 ± 2.3 g cells per mol Cl- released ( N = 12). In transfer cultures derived from sediment microcosms, dechlorination of 1,4-DCB and monochlorobenzene (MCB) was carried out by Dehalobacter spp. with a growth yield of 3.0 ± 2.1 g cells per mol Cl- released ( N = 5). Here we show that a Dehalogenimonas population respire 1,2,4-TCB and 1,2-/1,3-DCB isomers. This finding emphasizes the need to monitor a broader spectrum of organohalide-respiring bacteria, including Dehalogenimonas, at sites contaminated with halogenated organic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Surficial Geochemistry, Ministry of Education; School of Earth Sciences and Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry , University of Toronto , Toronto , Ontario M5S 3E5 , Canada
| | - Fei Luo
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry , University of Toronto , Toronto , Ontario M5S 3E5 , Canada
| | - Line Lomheim
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry , University of Toronto , Toronto , Ontario M5S 3E5 , Canada
| | - E Erin Mack
- DuPont Corporate Remediation Group , Wilmington , Delaware 19805 , United States
| | - Shujun Ye
- Key Laboratory of Surficial Geochemistry, Ministry of Education; School of Earth Sciences and Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Jichun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Surficial Geochemistry, Ministry of Education; School of Earth Sciences and Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Elizabeth A Edwards
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry , University of Toronto , Toronto , Ontario M5S 3E5 , Canada
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15
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Capozzi SL, Rodenburg LA, Krumins V, Fennell DE, Mack EE. Using positive matrix factorization to investigate microbial dehalogenation of chlorinated benzenes in groundwater at a historically contaminated site. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 211:515-523. [PMID: 30086528 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.07.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Chlorinated benzenes are common groundwater contaminants in the United States, so demonstrating whether they undergo degradation in the subsurface is important in determining the best remedy for this contamination. The purpose of this work was to use a new data mining approach to investigate chlorinated benzene degradation pathways in the subsurface. Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) was used to analyze long-term measurements of chlorinated benzene concentrations in groundwater at a contaminated site in New Jersey. A dataset containing 597 groundwater samples and 5 chlorinated benzenes and benzene collected from 144 wells over 20 years was investigated using PMF2 software. Despite the heterogeneity of this dataset, PMF analysis revealed patterns indicative of microbial dechlorination in the groundwater and provided insight about where dechlorination is occurring, to what extent, and under which geochemical conditions. PMF resolved a factor indicative of a source of 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene and 1,2-dichlorobenzene and two factors representing stages of dechlorination, one more advanced than the other. The PMF results indicated that virtually all of the 1,2-dichlorobenzene at the site arises from its use onsite, not from the dechlorination of trichlorobenzenes. Factors were further interpreted using ancillary data such as geochemical indicators and field parameters also measured in the samples. Analysis suggested that the partial and advanced dechlorination signals occur under different subsurface physical conditions. The results provided field validation of the current understanding of anaerobic dechlorination of chlorinated benzenes in the subsurface developed from laboratory studies. PMF is thereby shown to be a useful tool for investigating chlorinated benzene dechlorination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Staci L Capozzi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States.
| | - Lisa A Rodenburg
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Valdis Krumins
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Donna E Fennell
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - E Erin Mack
- Corporate Remediation Group, E. I. DuPont de Nemours and Company, Wilmington, DE, 19805, United States
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16
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Yao BJ, Li JT, Huang N, Kan JL, Qiao L, Ding LG, Li F, Dong YB. Pd NP-Loaded and Covalently Cross-Linked COF Membrane Microreactor for Aqueous CBs Dechlorination at Room Temperature. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:20448-20457. [PMID: 29847916 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b04022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We report an allyl-decorated and hydrazine-connected covalent organic framework (COF-AO, 1), which could support Pd nanoparticles (Pd NPs) to generate Pd@COF-AO, 2. The incorporation of 2 with thiol-functionalized polysiloxane (termed as PSI-SH) via thiol-ene click reaction provided the stand-alone and elastic membrane (3). The obtained COF-involved and Pd NP-loaded covalently linked membrane of 3 is robust, permanently porous, uniform, processable, and water permeable. Moreover, it can be used to construct highly efficient membrane-based microreactor for continuous-flow operation to catalyze chlorobenzenes (CBs) dechlorination in water at room temperature. The provided approach herein allows the processability and practical application of the powdered COF materials to be feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Jian Yao
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education , Shandong Normal University , Jinan 250014 , P. R. China
| | - Jiang-Tao Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education , Shandong Normal University , Jinan 250014 , P. R. China
| | - Ning Huang
- Department of Chemistry , Texas A&M University , College Station , Texas 77843-3255 , United States
| | - Jing-Lan Kan
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education , Shandong Normal University , Jinan 250014 , P. R. China
| | - Liang Qiao
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering , University at Buffalo (SUNY) , Buffalo , New York 14260 , United States
| | - Luo-Gang Ding
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education , Shandong Normal University , Jinan 250014 , P. R. China
| | - Fei Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education , Shandong Normal University , Jinan 250014 , P. R. China
| | - Yu-Bin Dong
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education , Shandong Normal University , Jinan 250014 , P. R. China
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