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Lyu Y, Yuwono JA, Fan Y, Li J, Wang J, Zeng R, Davey K, Mao J, Zhang C, Guo Z. Selective Extraction of Critical Metals from Spent Li-Ion Battery Cathode: Cation-Anion Coordination and Anti-Solvent Crystallization. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2312551. [PMID: 38433298 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202312551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Owing to continuing global use of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), in particular in electric vehicles (EVs), there is a need for sustainable recycling of spent LIBs. Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are reported as "green solvents" for low-cost and sustainable recycling. However, the lack of understanding of the coordination mechanisms between DESs and transition metals (Ni, Mn and Co) and Li makes selective separation of transition metals with similar physicochemical properties practically difficult. Here, it is found that the transition metals and Li have a different stable coordination structure with the different anions in DES during leaching. Further, based on the different solubility of these coordination structures in anti-solvent (acetone), a leaching and separation process system is designed, which enables high selective recovery of transition metals and Li from spent cathode LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 (NCM111), with recovery of acetone. Recovery of spent LiCoO2 (LCO) cathode is also evidenced and a significant selective recovery for Co and Li is established, together with recovery and reuse of acetone and DES. It is concluded that the tuning of cation-anion coordination structure and anti-solvent crystallization are practical for selective recovery of critical metal resources in the spent LIBs recycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqiu Lyu
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia
| | - Jodie A Yuwono
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia
| | - Yameng Fan
- Faculty of Engineering, Institute for Superconducting & Electronic Materials, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, 2522, Australia
| | - Jingxi Li
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia
| | - Jingxiu Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia
| | - Rong Zeng
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia
| | - Kenneth Davey
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia
| | - Jianfeng Mao
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia
| | - Chaofeng Zhang
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Leibniz International Joint Research Center of Materials Sciences of Anhui Province, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Polymer Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Material (Ministry of Education), Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Zaiping Guo
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia
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2
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Hutchison DC, Kravchuk DV, Rajapaksha H, Stegman S, Forbes TZ, Wilson RE. Synthesis of Single Crystal Li 2NpO 4 and Li 4NpO 5 from Aqueous Lithium Hydroxide Solutions under Mild Hydrothermal Conditions. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:16564-16573. [PMID: 37768147 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
The ternary oxides, Li2NpO4 and Li4NpO5, were synthesized under mild hydrothermal conditions using concentrated LiOH solutions containing NpO2(NO3)2. The reactions resulted in the formation of single crystals of both compounds, enabling the determination of their single crystal structures for the first time. Exploration of the synthetic phase space demonstrates that the resulting neptunate phases are dependent on the concentration of LiOH, transitioning from Li2NpO4, containing a typical octahedral neptunyl geometry with two shorter Np≡O bonds, at lower LiOH concentrations to Li4NpO5 with two long and four short Np-O bonds under saturated solution conditions. Reactions exploring the same synthetic conditions are also reported for uranyl(VI) for comparison. Raman spectra of the compounds were collected and analyzed to evaluate the Np-O bonding in these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle C Hutchison
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Dmytro V Kravchuk
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Harindu Rajapaksha
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Samantha Stegman
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Tori Z Forbes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Richard E Wilson
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
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3
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Rajapaksha H, Augustine LJ, Mason SE, Forbes TZ. Guiding Principles for the Rational Design of Hybrid Materials: Use of DFT Methodology for Evaluating Non-Covalent Interactions in a Uranyl Tetrahalide Model System. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202305073. [PMID: 37177866 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202305073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Together with the synthesis and experimental characterization of 14 hybrid materials containing [UO2 X4 ]2- (X=Cl- and Br- ) and organic cations, we report on novel methods for determining correlation trends in their formation enthalpy (ΔHf ) and observed vibrational signatures. ΔHf values were analyzed through isothermal acid calorimetry and a Density Functional Theory+Thermodynamics (DFT+T) approach with results showing good agreement between theory and experiment. Three factors (packing efficiency, cation protonation enthalpy, and hydrogen bonding energy [E H , norm total ${{E}_{H,{\rm { norm}}}^{{\rm { total}}}}$ ]) were assessed as descriptors for trends in ΔHf . Results demonstrated a strong correlation betweenE H , norm total ${E_{{\rm{H}},{\rm{norm}}}^{{\rm{total}}} }$ and ΔHf , highlighting the importance of hydrogen bonding networks in determining the relative stability of solid-state hybrid materials. Lastly, we investigate how hydrogen bonding networks affect the vibrational characteristics of uranyl solid-state materials using experimental Raman and IR spectroscopy and theoretical bond orders and find that hydrogen bonding can red-shift U≡O stretching modes. Overall, the tightly integrated experimental and theoretical studies presented here bridge the trends in macroscopic thermodynamic energies and spectroscopic features with molecular-level details of the geometry and electronic structure. This modeling framework forms a basis for exploring 3D hydrogen bonding as a tunable design feature in the pursuit of supramolecular materials by rational design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harindu Rajapaksha
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Chemistry Building W374, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Logan J Augustine
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Chemistry Building W374, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Sara E Mason
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Chemistry Building W374, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Center for Funtional Nanomaterials (CFN), Brookhaven National Labotatory, Upton, NY 52242, USA
| | - Tori Z Forbes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Chemistry Building W374, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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4
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Chari CS, Heimann JE, Rosenzweig Z, Bennett JW, Faber KT. Chemical Transformations of 2D Kaolinic Clay Mineral Surfaces from Sulfuric Acid Exposure. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:6964-6974. [PMID: 37173121 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c00113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
A combined experimental and computational approach is used to investigate the chemical transformations of kaolinite and metakaolin surfaces when exposed to sulfuric acid. These clay minerals are hydrated ternary metal oxides and are shown to be susceptible to degradation by loss of Al as the water-soluble salt Al2(SO4)3, due to interactions between H2SO4 and aluminum cations. This degradation process results in a silica-rich interfacial layer on the surfaces of the aluminosilicates, most prominently observed in metakaolin exposed to pH environments of less than 4. Our observations are supported by XPS, ATR-FTIR, and XRD experiments. Concurrently, DFT methodologies are used to probe the interactions between the clay mineral surfaces and H2SO4 as well as other sulfur-containing adsorbates. An analysis performed using a DFT + thermodynamics model shows that the surface transformation processes that lead to the loss of Al and SO4 from metakaolin are favorable at pH below 4; however, such transformations are not favorable for kaolinite, a result that agrees with our experimental efforts. The data obtained from both experimental techniques and computational studies support that the dehydrated surface of metakaolin interacts more strongly with sulfuric acid and provide atomistic insight into the acid-induced transformations of these mineral surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Chari
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - J E Heimann
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, United States
| | - Z Rosenzweig
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, United States
| | - J W Bennett
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, United States
| | - K T Faber
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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5
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Augustine LJ, Rajapaksha H, Pyrch MMF, Kasperski M, Forbes TZ, Mason SE. Periodic Density Functional Theory Calculations of Uranyl Tetrachloride Compounds Engaged in Uranyl-Cation and Uranyl-Hydrogen Interactions: Electronic Structure, Vibrational, and Thermodynamic Analyses. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:372-380. [PMID: 36538814 PMCID: PMC9832540 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c03476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Solid-state uranyl hybrid structures are often formed through unique intermolecular interactions occurring between a molecular uranyl anion and a charge-balancing cation. In this work, solid-state structures of the uranyl tetrachloride anion engaged in uranyl-cation and uranyl-hydrogen interactions were studied using density functional theory (DFT). As most first-principles methods used for systems of this type focus primarily on the molecular structure, we present an extensive benchmarking study to understand the methods needed to accurately model the geometric properties of these systems. From there, the electronic and vibrational structures of the compounds were investigated through projected density of states and phonon analysis and compared to the experiment. Lastly, we present a DFT + thermodynamics approach to calculate the formation enthalpies (ΔHf) of these systems to directly relate to experimental values. Through this methodology, we were able to accurately capture trends observed in experimental results and saw good quantitative agreement in predicted ΔHf compared to the value calculated through referencing each structure to its standard state. Overall, results from this work will be used for future combined experimental and computational studies on both uranyl and neptunyl hybrid structures to delineate how varying intermolecular interaction strengths relates to the overall values of ΔHf.
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Affiliation(s)
- Logan J Augustine
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa52242, United States
| | - Harindu Rajapaksha
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa52242, United States
| | - Mikaela Mary F Pyrch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa52242, United States
| | - Maguire Kasperski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa52242, United States
| | - Tori Z Forbes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa52242, United States
| | - Sara E Mason
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa52242, United States
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6
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Hu X, Xu C, Li X, Zhang P, Rong X, Yang C, Jian Z, Liu H, Hu YS, Zhao J. Preferential Extraction of Lithium from Spent Cathodes and the Regeneration of Layered Oxides for Li/Na-Ion Batteries. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:24255-24264. [PMID: 35603942 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c01526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The preferentially selective extraction of Li+ from spent layered transition metal oxide (LiMO2, M = Ni, Co, Mn, etc.) cathodes has attracted extensive interest based on economic and recycling efficiency requirements. Presently, the efficient recycling of spent LiMO2 is still challenging due to the element loss in multistep processes. Here, we developed a facile strategy to selectively extract Li+ from LiMO2 scraps with stoichiometric H2SO4. The proton exchange reaction could be driven using temperature, accompanied by the generation of soluble Li2SO4 and MOOH precipitates. The extraction mechanism includes a two-stage evolution, including dissolution and ion exchange. As a result, the extraction rate of Li+ is over 98.5% and that of M ions is less than 0.1% for S-NCM. For S-LCO, the selective extraction result is even better. Finally, Li2CO3 products with a purity of 99.68% can be prepared from the Li+-rich leachate, demonstrating lithium recovery efficiencies as high as 95 and 96.3% from NCM scraps and S-LCO scraps, respectively. In the available cases, this work also represents the highest recycling efficiency of lithium, which can be attributed to the high leaching rate and selectivity of Li+, and even demonstrates the lowest reagent cost. The regenerated LiNi0.5Co0.24Mn0.26O2 and Na1.01Li0.001Ni0.38Co0.18Mn0.44O2 cathodes also deliver a decent electrochemical performance for Li-ion batteries (LIBs) and Na-ion batteries (NIBs), respectively. Our current work offers a facile, closed-loop, and scalable strategy for recycling spent LIB cathodes based on the preferentially selective extraction of Li+, which is superior to the other leaching technology in terms of its cost and recycling yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Hu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Chunliu Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Xiaowei Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Peng Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohui Rong
- Key Laboratory for Renewable Energy, Beijing Key Laboratory for New Energy Materials and Devices, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Chunli Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Zelang Jian
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Huizhou Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yong-Sheng Hu
- Key Laboratory for Renewable Energy, Beijing Key Laboratory for New Energy Materials and Devices, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Junmei Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- Innovation Academy for Green Manufacture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
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7
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Metal Release Mechanism and Electrochemical Properties of Lix(Ni1/3Mn1/3Co1/3)O2. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12084065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Complex metal oxides (CMOs) are used broadly in applications including electroreactive forms found in lithium-ion battery technology. Computational chemistry can provide unique information about how the properties of CMO cathode materials change in response to changes in stoichiometry, for example, changes of the lithium (Li) content during the charge–discharge cycle of the battery. However, this is difficult to measure experimentally due to the small cross-sectional area of the cations. Outside of operational conditions, the Li content can influence the transformations of the CMO when exposed to the environment. For example, metal release from CMOs in aqueous settings has been identified as a cross-cutting mechanism important to CMO degradation. Computational studies investigating metal release from CMOs show that the thermodynamics depend on the oxidation states of lattice cations, which is expected to vary with the lithium content. In this work, computational studies track changes in metal release trends as a function of Li content in Lix(Ni1/3Mn1/3Co1/3)O2 (NMC). The resulting dataset is used to construct a random forest tree (RFT) machine learning (ML) model. A modeling challenge in delithiation studies is the large configurational space to sample. Through investigating multiple configurations at each lithium fraction, we find structural features associated with favorable energies to chemically guide the identification of relevant structures and adequately predict voltage values.
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8
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Niu Y, Peng X, Li J, Zhang Y, Song F, Shi D, Li L. Recovery of Li2CO3 and FePO4 from spent LiFePO4 by coupling technics of isomorphic substitution leaching and solvent extraction. Chin J Chem Eng 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2022.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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9
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Heimann JE, Tucker JD, Huff LS, Kim YR, Ali J, Stroot MK, Welch XJ, White HE, Wilson ML, Wood CE, Gates GA, Rosenzweig Z, Bennett JW. Density Functional Theory (DFT) as a Nondestructive Probe in the Field of Art Conservation: Small-Molecule Adsorption on Aragonite Surfaces. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:13858-13871. [PMID: 35258292 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c23695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Humans have incorporated minerals in objects of cultural heritage importance for millennia. The surfaces of these objects, which often long outlast the humans that create them, are undeniably exposed to a diverse mixture of chemicals throughout their lifetimes. As of yet, the art conservation community lacks a nondestructive, accurate, and inexpensive flexible computational screening method to evaluate the potential impact of chemicals with art, as a complement to experimental studies. In this work, we propose periodic density functional theory (DFT) studies as a way to address this challenge, specifically for the aragonite phase of calcium carbonate, a mineral that has been used in pigments, marble statues, and limestone architecture since ancient times. Computational models allow art conservation scientists to better understand the atomistic impact of small-molecule adsorbates on common mineral surfaces across a wide variety of environmental conditions. To gain insight into the surface adsorption reactivity of aragonite, we use DFT to investigate the atomistic interactions present in small-molecule-surface interfaces. Our adsorbate set includes common solvents, atmospheric pollutants, and emerging contaminants. Chemicals that significantly disrupt the surface structure such as carboxylic acids and sulfur-containing molecules are highlighted. We also focus on comparing adsorption energies and changes in surface bonds, which allows for the identification of key features in the electronic structure presented in a projected-density-of-state analysis. The trends outlined here will guide future experiments and allow art conservators to gain a better understanding of how a wide range of molecules interact with an aragonite surface under variable conditions and in different environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica E Heimann
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, United States
| | - Jasper D Tucker
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, United States
| | - Layla S Huff
- Department of History, Geography, and Museum Studies, Morgan State University, Baltimore, Maryland 21251, United States
| | - Ye Rin Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Jood Ali
- Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, United States
| | - M Kaylor Stroot
- Department of Chemistry, McDaniel College, Westminster, Maryland 21157, United States
| | - Xavier J Welch
- Biology Department, Morgan State University, Baltimore, Maryland 21251, United States
| | - Harley E White
- Department of Chemistry, McDaniel College, Westminster, Maryland 21157, United States
| | - Marcus L Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, Towson University, Towson, Maryland 21252, United States
| | - Cecelia E Wood
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, St. Mary's College of Maryland, St. Mary's City, Maryland 20686, United States
| | - Glenn A Gates
- Walters Art Museum, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Zeev Rosenzweig
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, United States
| | - Joseph W Bennett
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, United States
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Augustine LJ, Abbaspour Tamijani A, Bjorklund JL, Al-Abadleh HA, Mason SE. Adsorption of small organic acids and polyphenols on hematite surfaces: Density Functional Theory + thermodynamics analysis. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 609:469-481. [PMID: 34887063 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.11.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS The interactions of organic molecules with mineral surfaces are influenced by several factors such as adsorbate speciation, surface atomic and electronic structure, and environmental conditions. When coupled with thermodynamic techniques, energetics from atomistic modeling can provide a molecular-level picture of which factors determine reactivity. This is paramount for evaluating the chemical processes which control the fate of these species in the environment. EXPERIMENTS Inner-sphere adsorption of oxalate and pyrocatechol on (001), (110), and (012) α-Fe2O3 surfaces was modeled using Density Functional Theory (DFT). Unique bidentate binding modes were sampled along each facet to study how different adsorbate and surface factors govern site preference. Adsorption energetics were then calculated using a DFT + thermodynamics approach which combines DFT energies with tabulated data and Nernst-based corrective terms to incorporate different experimental parameters. FINDINGS Instead of a universal trend, each facet displays a unique factor that dominates site preference based on either strain (001), functional groups (110), or topography (012). Adsorption energies predict favorable inner-sphere adsorption for both molecules but opposite energetic trends with varying pH. Additionally, vibrational analysis was conducted for each system and compared to experimental IR data. The work presented here provides an effective, computational methodology to study numerous adsorption processes occurring at the surface-aqueous interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Logan J Augustine
- University of Iowa, Department of Chemistry, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
| | | | | | - Hind A Al-Abadleh
- Wilfrid Laurier University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3C5, Canada.
| | - Sara E Mason
- University of Iowa, Department of Chemistry, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
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11
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Jung H, Choung S, Han JW. Design principles of noble metal-free electrocatalysts for hydrogen production in alkaline media: combining theory and experiment. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:6797-6826. [PMID: 36132358 PMCID: PMC9417748 DOI: 10.1039/d1na00606a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Water electrolysis is a promising solution to convert renewable energy sources to hydrogen as a high-energy-density energy carrier. Although alkaline conditions extend the scope of electrocatalysts beyond precious metal-based materials to earth-abundant materials, the sluggish kinetics of cathodic and anodic reactions (hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions, respectively) impede the development of practical electrocatalysts that do not use precious metals. This review discusses the rational design of efficient electrocatalysts by exploiting the understanding of alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction and oxygen evolution reaction mechanisms and of the electron structure-activity relationship, as achieved by combining experimental and computational approaches. The enhancement of water splitting not only deals with intrinsic catalytic activity but also includes the aspect of electrical conductivity and stability. Future perspectives to increase the synergy between theory and experiment are also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeonjung Jung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) Pohang Gyeongbuk 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Seokhyun Choung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) Pohang Gyeongbuk 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Woo Han
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) Pohang Gyeongbuk 37673 Republic of Korea
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Manuja A, Kumar B, Kumar R, Chhabra D, Ghosh M, Manuja M, Brar B, Pal Y, Tripathi B, Prasad M. Metal/metal oxide nanoparticles: Toxicity concerns associated with their physical state and remediation for biomedical applications. Toxicol Rep 2021; 8:1970-1978. [PMID: 34934635 PMCID: PMC8654697 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2021.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Metal/metal oxide nanoparticles show promise for various applications, including diagnosis, treatment, theranostics, sensors, cosmetics, etc. Their altered chemical, optical, magnetic, and structural properties have differential toxicity profiles. Depending upon their physical state, these NPs can also change their properties due to alteration in pH, interaction with proteins, lipids, blood cells, and genetic material. Metallic nanomaterials (comprised of a single metal element) tend to be relatively stable and do not readily undergo dissolution. Contrarily, metal oxide and metal alloy-based nanomaterials tend to exhibit a lower degree of stability and are more susceptible to dissolution and ion release when introduced to a biological milieu, leading to reactive oxygen species production and oxidative stress to cells. Since NPs have considerable mobility in various biological tissues, the investigation related to their adverse effects is a critical issue and required to be appropriately addressed before their biomedical applications. Short and long-term toxicity assessment of metal/metal oxide nanoparticles or their nano-formulations is of paramount importance to ensure the global biome's safety; otherwise, to face a fiasco. This article provides a comprehensive introspection regarding the effects of metal/metal oxides' physical state, their surface properties, the possible mechanism of actions along with the potential future strategy for remediation of their toxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anju Manuja
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines Sirsa Road, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Balvinder Kumar
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines Sirsa Road, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, 125004, India
| | - Dharvi Chhabra
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines Sirsa Road, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Mayukh Ghosh
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, RGSC, Banaras Hindu University, Mirzapur, UP, 231001, India
| | - Mayank Manuja
- Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Goa Campus, Goa, India
| | - Basanti Brar
- Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, 125004, India
| | - Yash Pal
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines Sirsa Road, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - B.N. Tripathi
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines Sirsa Road, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Minakshi Prasad
- Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, 125004, India
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Tao H, Yang Y, Xu S, Liu Q, Huang G, Xu Z. A lattice defect-inspired leaching strategy toward simultaneous recovery and separation of value metals from spent cathode materials. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 135:40-46. [PMID: 34469829 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2021.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Efficient recycling of high-value metals from spent cathode materials is important in that it not only alleviates the severe shortage of raw material supply but also addresses the environmental and safety issues associated with the disposal of these materials. Here, we report a selective leaching strategy by virtue of the defect-induced lattice instability. In contrast to the traditional "primary leaching - multistep separation" process, this technique enables simultaneous recovery and separation of value metals from the waste cathode by selective dissolution. The feasibility of this technique was first demonstrated by density functional theory (DFT) calculations, and then confirmed by laboratory studies in which a spent LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 material was successfully recycled, where the recoveries of Li, Ni/Co and Mn reached close to 100%, 99.5%/98.2% and 100%, respectively, without the need for a separation step. The recovery of Li, Ni/Co and Mn uses oxalic acid, phosphoric acid and sulfuric acid as leaching agents, respectively. We believe that this work has both practical and theoretical significance, in that the strategy has the potential to be expanded to the recovery/recycling of many other spent materials, and that the atomic-scale insight on the relation between vacancies and lattice stability offers new perspective for developing advanced recycling strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbiao Tao
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Yue Yang
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Shengming Xu
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Guoyong Huang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada; College of New Energy and Materials, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing 102249, China; State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing 102249, China.
| | - Zhenghe Xu
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China.
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14
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Zhou F, Xiao Y, Guo M, Tang Y, Zhang W, Qiu R. Selective Leaching of Rare Earth Elements from Ion-Adsorption Rare Earth Tailings: A Synergy between CeO 2 Reduction and Fe/Mn Stabilization. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:11328-11337. [PMID: 34310116 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c03106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The increasing demand for rare earth elements (REEs) motivates the development of novel strategies for cost-effective REE recovery from secondary sources, especially rare earth tailings. The biggest challenges in recovering REEs from ion-adsorption rare earth tailings are incomplete extraction of cerium (Ce) and the coleaching of iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn). Here, a synergistic process between reduction and stabilization was proposed by innovatively using elemental sulfur (S) as reductant for converting insoluble CeO2 into soluble Ce2(SO4)3 and transforming Fe and Mn oxides into inert FeFe2O4 and MnFe2O4 spinel minerals. After the calcination at 400 °C, 97.0% of Ce can be dissolved using a diluted sulfuric acid, along with only 3.67% of Fe and 23.3% of Mn leached out. Thermodynamic analysis reveals that CeO2 was indirectly reduced by the intermediates MnSO4 and FeS in the system. Density functional theory calculations indicated that Fe(II) and Mn(II) shared similar outer electron arrangements and coordination environments, favoring Mn(II) over Ce(III) as a replacement for Fe(II) in the FeO6 octahedral structure of FeFe2O4. Further investigation on the leaching process suggested that 0.5 mol L-1 H2SO4 is sufficient for the recovery of REEs (97.0%). This research provides a promising strategy to selectively recover REEs from mining tailings or secondary sources via controlling the mineral phase transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengping Zhou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Heavy Metal Contaminated Soil Remediation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Ye Xiao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Heavy Metal Contaminated Soil Remediation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Meina Guo
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Heavy Metal Contaminated Soil Remediation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Yetao Tang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Heavy Metal Contaminated Soil Remediation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Weihua Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Heavy Metal Contaminated Soil Remediation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Rongliang Qiu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Heavy Metal Contaminated Soil Remediation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agriculture University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, P.R. China
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15
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High Power Cathodes from Poly(2,2,6,6-Tetramethyl-1-Piperidinyloxy Methacrylate)/Li(Ni xMn yCo z)O 2 Hybrid Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13060986. [PMID: 33806980 PMCID: PMC8004871 DOI: 10.3390/polym13060986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lithium-ion batteries are today among the most efficient devices for electrochemical energy storage. However, an improvement of their performance is required to address the challenges of modern grid management, portable technology, and electric mobility. One of the most important limitations to solve is the slow kinetics of redox reactions associated to inorganic cathodic materials, directly impacting on the charging time and the power characteristics of the cells. In sharp contrast, redox polymers such as poly(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy methacrylate) (PTMA) exhibit fast redox reaction kinetics and pseudocapacitors characteristics. In this contribution, we have hybridized high energy Li(NixMnyCoz)O2 mixed oxides (NMC) with PTMA. In this hybrid cathode configuration, the higher voltage NMC (ca. 3.7 V vs. Li/Li+) is able to transfer its energy to the lower voltage PTMA (3.6 V vs. Li/Li+) improving the discharge power performances and allowing high power cathodes to be obtained. However, the NMC-PTMA hybrid cathodes show an important capacity fading. Our investigations indicate the presence of an interface degradation reaction between NMC and PTMA transforming NMC into an electrochemically dead material. Moreover, the aqueous process used here to prepare the cathode is also shown to enable the degradation of NMC. Indeed, once NMC is immersed in water, alkaline surface species dissolve, increasing the pH of the slurry, and corroding the aluminum current collector. Additionally, the NMC surface is altered due to delithiation which enables the interface degradation reaction to take place. This reaction by surface passivation of NMC particles did not succeed in preventing the interfacial degradation. Degradation was, however, notably decreased when Li(Ni0.8Mn0.1Co0.1)O2 NMC was used and even further when alumina-coated Li(Ni0.8Mn0.1Co0.1)O2 NMC was considered. For the latter at a 20C discharge rate, the hybrids presented higher power performances compared to the single constituents, clearly emphasizing the benefits of the hybrid cathode concept.
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16
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Bjorklund JL, Shohel M, Bennett JW, Smith JA, Carolan ME, Hollar E, Forbes TZ, Mason SE. Density functional theory and thermodynamics analysis of MAl 12 Keggin substitution reactions: Insights into ion incorporation and experimental confirmation. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:064303. [PMID: 33588534 DOI: 10.1063/5.0038962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyaluminum cations, such as the MAl12 Keggin, undergo atomic substitutions at the heteroatom site (M), where nanoclusters with M = Al3+, Ga3+, and Ge4+ have been experimentally studied. The identity of the heteroatom M has been shown to influence the structural and electronic properties of the nanocluster and the kinetics of ligand exchange reactions. To date, only three ε-analogs have been identified, and there is a need for a predictive model to guide experiment to the discovery of new MAl12 species. Here, we present a density functional theory (DFT) and thermodynamics approach to predicting favorable heteroatom substitution reactions, alongside structural analyses on hypothetical ε-MAl12 nanocluster models. We delineate trends in energetics and geometry based on heteroatom cation properties, finding that Al3+-O bond lengths are related to heteroatom cation size, charge, and speciation. Our analyses also enable us to identify potentially isolable new ε-MAl12 species, such as FeAl12 7+. Based upon these results, we evaluated the Al3+/Zn2+/Cr3+ system and determined that substitution of Cr3+ is unfavorable in the heteroatom site but is preferred for Zn2+, in agreement with the experimental structures. Complimentary experimental studies resulted in the isolation of Cr3+-substituted δ-Keggin species where Cr3+ substitution occurs only in the octahedral positions. The isolated structures Na[AlO4Al9.6Cr2.4(OH)24(H2O)12](2,6-NDS)4(H2O)22 (δ-CrnAl13-n-1) and Na[AlO4Al9.5Cr2.5(OH)24(H2O)12](2,7-NDS)4(H2O)18.5 (δ-CrnAl13-n-2) are the first pieces of evidence of mixed Al3+/Cr3+ Keggin-type nanoclusters that prefer substitution at the octahedral sites. The δ-CrnAl13-n-2 structure also exhibits a unique placement of the bound Na+ cation, which may indicate that Cr3+ substitution can alter the surface reactivity of Keggin-type species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammad Shohel
- University of Iowa, Department of Chemistry, Iowa City, Iowa 52245, USA
| | - Joseph W Bennett
- University of Iowa, Department of Chemistry, Iowa City, Iowa 52245, USA
| | - Jack A Smith
- University of Iowa, Department of Chemistry, Iowa City, Iowa 52245, USA
| | | | - Ethan Hollar
- University of Iowa, Department of Chemistry, Iowa City, Iowa 52245, USA
| | - Tori Z Forbes
- University of Iowa, Department of Chemistry, Iowa City, Iowa 52245, USA
| | - Sara E Mason
- University of Iowa, Department of Chemistry, Iowa City, Iowa 52245, USA
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17
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Grimes RT, Leginze JA, Zochowski R, Bennett JW. Surface Transformations of Lead Oxides and Carbonates Using First-Principles and Thermodynamics Calculations. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:1228-1240. [PMID: 33404221 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c03398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Lead (Pb)-containing solids find widespread commercial use in batteries, piezoelectrics, and as starting materials for synthesis. Here, we combine density functional theory (DFT) and thermodynamics in a DFT + solvent ion model to compare the surface reactivity of Pb oxides and carbonates, specifically litharge, massicot, and cerussite, in contact with water. The information provided by this model is used to delineate structure-property relationships for surfaces that are able to release Pb as Pb2+. We find that Pb2+ release is dependent on pH and chemical bonding environment and go on to correlate changes in the surface bonding to key features of the electronic structure through a projected density of states analysis. Collectively, our analyses link the atomistic structure to i) specific electronic states and ii) the thermodynamics of surface transformations, and the results presented here can be used to guide synthetic efforts of Pb2+-containing materials in aqueous media or be used to better understand the initial steps in solid decomposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan T Grimes
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, United States
| | - Joshua A Leginze
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, United States
| | - Robert Zochowski
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, United States
| | - Joseph W Bennett
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, United States
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18
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Ma C, Borgatta J, Hudson BG, Tamijani AA, De La Torre-Roche R, Zuverza-Mena N, Shen Y, Elmer W, Xing B, Mason SE, Hamers RJ, White JC. Advanced material modulation of nutritional and phytohormone status alleviates damage from soybean sudden death syndrome. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 15:1033-1042. [PMID: 33077964 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-020-00776-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Customized Cu3(PO4)2 and CuO nanosheets and commercial CuO nanoparticles were investigated for micronutrient delivery and suppression of soybean sudden death syndrome. An ab initio thermodynamics approach modelled how material morphology and matrix effects control the nutrient release. Infection reduced the biomass and photosynthesis by 70.3 and 60%, respectively; the foliar application of nanoscale Cu reversed this damage. Disease-induced changes in the antioxidant enzyme activity and fatty acid profile were also alleviated by Cu amendment. The transcription of two dozen defence- and health-related genes correlates a nanoscale Cu-enhanced innate disease response to reduced pathogenicity and increased growth. Cu-based nanosheets exhibited a greater disease suppression than that of CuO nanoparticles due to a greater leaf surface affinity and Cu dissolution, as determined computationally and experimentally. The findings highlight the importance and tunability of nanomaterial properties, such as morphology, composition and dissolution. The early seedling foliar application of nanoscale Cu to modulate nutrition and enhance immunity offers a great potential for sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanxin Ma
- The Center for Sustainable Nanotechnology, Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- The Center for Sustainable Nanotechnology, Department of Analytical Chemistry, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jaya Borgatta
- The Center for Sustainable Nanotechnology, Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Blake Geoffrey Hudson
- The Center for Sustainable Nanotechnology, Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Ali Abbaspour Tamijani
- The Center for Sustainable Nanotechnology, Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Roberto De La Torre-Roche
- The Center for Sustainable Nanotechnology, Department of Analytical Chemistry, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Nubia Zuverza-Mena
- The Center for Sustainable Nanotechnology, Department of Analytical Chemistry, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yu Shen
- The Center for Sustainable Nanotechnology, Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- The Center for Sustainable Nanotechnology, Department of Analytical Chemistry, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Wade Elmer
- The Center for Sustainable Nanotechnology, Department of Plant Pathology and Ecology, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Baoshan Xing
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Sara Elizabeth Mason
- The Center for Sustainable Nanotechnology, Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Robert John Hamers
- The Center for Sustainable Nanotechnology, Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jason Christopher White
- The Center for Sustainable Nanotechnology, Department of Analytical Chemistry, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT, USA.
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19
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Tamijani AA, Bjorklund JL, Augustine LJ, Catalano JG, Mason SE. Density Functional Theory and Thermodynamics Modeling of Inner-Sphere Oxyanion Adsorption on the Hydroxylated α-Al 2O 3(001) Surface. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:13166-13180. [PMID: 32946243 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c01203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The inner-sphere adsorption of AsO43-, PO43-, and SO42- on the hydroxylated α-Al2O3(001) surface was modeled with the goal of adapting a density functional theory (DFT) and thermodynamics framework for calculating the adsorption energetics. While DFT is a reliable method for predicting various properties of solids, including crystalline materials comprised of hundreds (or even thousands) of atoms, adding aqueous energetics in heterogeneous systems poses steep challenges for modeling. This is in part due to the fact that environmentally relevant variations in the chemical surroundings cannot be captured atomistically without increasing the system size beyond tractable limits. The DFT + thermodynamics approach to this conundrum is to combine the DFT total energies with tabulated solution-phase data and Nernst-based corrective terms to incorporate experimentally tunable parameters such as concentration. Central to this approach is the design of thermodynamic cycles that partition the overall reaction (here, inner-sphere adsorption proceeding via ligand exchange) into elementary steps that can either be fully calculated or for which tabulated data are available. The ultimate goal is to develop a modeling framework that takes into account subtleties of the substrate (such as adsorption-induced surface relaxation) and energies associated with the aqueous environment such that adsorption at mineral-water interfaces can be reliably predicted, allowing for comparisons in the denticity and protonation state of the adsorbing species. Based on the relative amount of experimental information available for AsO43-, PO43-, and SO42- adsorbates and the well-characterized hydroxylated α-Al2O3(001) surface, these systems are chosen to form a basis for assessing the model predictions. We discuss how the DFT + thermodynamics results are in line with the experimental information about the oxyanion sorption behavior. Additionally, a vibrational analysis was conducted for the charge-neutral oxyanion complexes and is compared to the available experimental findings to discern the inner-sphere adsorption phonon modes. The DFT + thermodynamics framework used here is readily extendable to other chemical processes at solid-liquid interfaces, and we discuss future directions for modeling surface processes at mineral-water and environmental interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jennifer L Bjorklund
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52245, United States
| | - Logan J Augustine
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52245, United States
| | - Jeffrey G Catalano
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Sara E Mason
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52245, United States
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20
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He K, Zhang ZY, Zhang FS. A green process for phosphorus recovery from spent LiFePO 4 batteries by transformation of delithiated LiFePO 4 crystal into NaFeS 2. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 395:122614. [PMID: 32302882 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Recovery of high-content and valuable elements including phosphorus (P) is critical for recycling of spent LiFePO4 battery, but P recovery is challengeable due to the poor solubility of lithium phosphate and iron phosphate. This study compared two strategies to recover P by adopting sulfide salt to induce P dissolution, i.e., recovery of P directly from LiFePO4, and step-by-step recovery of Li then P. The results revealed that the second strategy was more efficient because of the higher recovering efficiency and selectivity. Accordingly, an acid-free process to recover P was successfully demonstrated. Li-recovery efficiency of 97.5 % was reached at a leaching time of 65 min, and nearly 100 % P-recovery efficiency was reached at 5 h. Mechanism analysis revealed that the transforming of delithiated LiFePO4 crystal to NaFeS2 was mainly responsible for P dissolution. Thermodynamic analysis and density functional theory calculation further proved the transformation reaction, and a stepwise-transformation mechanism was proposed. In addition, P was reclaimed in the form of soluble phosphate salts. The process is especially appealing due to its environmental and economic benefits for recycling spent LiFePO4 batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai He
- Department of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhi-Yuan Zhang
- Department of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Fu-Shen Zhang
- Department of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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21
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Shohel M, Bjorklund JL, Ovrom EA, Mason SE, Forbes TZ. Ga 3+ Incorporation into Al 13 Keggin Polyoxometalates and the Formation of δ-(GaAl 12) 7+ and (Ga 2.5Al 28.5) 19+ Polycations. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:10461-10472. [PMID: 32683862 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c00743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Keggin-type polyaluminum species (ε-Al13, δ-Al13, Al26, Al30, Al32) can form upon partial hydrolysis of Al3+-bearing solutions and are important species for water purification and contaminant transport. While the structural features for the major Al3+ polyaluminum species have been delineated, much less is known regarding heteroatom substitution and resultant structures other than the previously identified ε-GaAl127+ and ε-GeAl128+ cations. Single-atom substitution within polyaluminum species can change the surface reactivity within water treatment scenarios; thus, it is important to understand heteroatom incorporation within this system. The present work describes the synthesis and characterization of two novel Ga3+-substituted Keggin-type polyaluminum species. Na[GaO4Al12(OH)24(H2O)12](2,6-NDS)4(H2O)20.5 (δ-GaAl12) and [Ga2O8Al28.5Ga0.5(OH)58(H2O)27(SO4)2](SO4)4Cl7(H2O)8.5 (Ga2.5Al28.5) were crystallized from a thermally aged, partially hydrolyzed Ga3+/Al3+ solution. Structural refinement from single-crystal X-ray diffraction indicated fully occupied Ga3+ within tetrahedral site(s) of both isolated species. Partial substitution was observed for octahedral sites for the larger Ga2.5Al28.5 cluster. The chemical compositions of both clusters were confirmed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Density functional theory (DFT) calculations corroborated the structural refinement, with the energetics of Ga3+ substitution suggesting preferential substitution within tetrahedral sites for both species. Additional theoretical work suggests that the rotated trimer in δ-GaAl12 is highly reactive, which can serve as the driving force in the formation of the Ga2.5Al28.5 cluster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Shohel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Jennifer L Bjorklund
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Erik A Ovrom
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Sara E Mason
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Tori Z Forbes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
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22
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Abstract
New and emerging nanotechnologies are increasingly using nanomaterials that undergo significant chemical reactions upon exposure to environmental conditions. The rapid advent of lithium ion batteries for energy storage in mobile electronics and electric vehicles is leading to rapid increases in the manufacture of complex transition metal oxides that incorporate elements such as Co and Ni that have the potential for significant adverse biological impact. This Perspective summarizes some of the important technological drivers behind complex oxide materials and highlights some of the chemical transformations that need to be understood in order to assess the overall environmental impact associated with energy storage technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Hamers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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23
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He K, Zhang ZY, Zhang FS. Selectively peeling of spent LiFePO 4 cathode by destruction of crystal structure and binder matrix for efficient recycling of spent battery materials. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 386:121633. [PMID: 31740301 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Impurity Fe could severely damage the performance of resynthesized cathode material, and therefore, LiFePO4 cathode should be removed from the mixed spent LIBs for materials recycling. In this research, a non-hydrometallurgy method has been developed to separate LiFePO4 by selectively peeling-off the LiFePO4 cathode material and the peeling-off process was well explained by theoretical modeling. The peeling-off efficiency of LiFePO4 was approximate 100 % and that of LiMn2O4/LiCoO2/Li(Ni, Co, Al)O2/Li(Ni, Mn, Co)O2 was only 0.08 %. That is, the separating selectivity was 1250. Mechanism study revealed that the peeling-off was achieved through selective destruction of the LiFePO4 crystal and the matrix of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) binder. Particularly, the crystal structure of LiFePO4 was firstly destructed by sulfide, thus LiFePO4 particles were detached from the matrix of PVDF binder. Then, the PVDF binder without LiFePO4 particles filling were more susceptible to be brittlely peeled off by the micro-explosion force of hydrogen from the reaction of Al foil with water due to the weakened mechanical strength. The process is suitable for recycling varied types of spent LIBs, having a strong potential for industrial application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai He
- Department of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhi-Yuan Zhang
- Department of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fu-Shen Zhang
- Department of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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24
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Bichon M, Sotta D, Dupré N, De Vito E, Boulineau A, Porcher W, Lestriez B. Study of Immersion of LiNi 0.5Mn 0.3Co 0.2O 2 Material in Water for Aqueous Processing of Positive Electrode for Li-Ion Batteries. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:18331-18341. [PMID: 31035755 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b00999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The understanding of the phenomena occurring during immersion of LiNi0.5Mn0.3Co0.2O2 (NMC) in water is helpful to devise new strategies toward the implementation of aqueous processing of this high-capacity cathode material. Immersion of NMC powder in water leads to both structural modification of the particles surface as observed by high-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy and the formation of lithium-based compounds over the surface (LiOH, Li2CO3) in greater amount than after long-time exposure to ambient air, as confirmed by pH titration and 7Li MAS NMR analysis. The surface compounds adversely affect the electrochemical performance and are notably responsible for the alkaline pH of the aqueous slurry, which causes corrosion of the aluminum collector during coating of the electrode. The corrosion is avoided by adding phosphoric acid to the slurry as it lowers the pH, and it also enhances the cycling stability of the water-based electrodes due to the phosphate compounds formed at the particles surface, as evidenced by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Bichon
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA-Liten , 17 Avenue des Martyrs , F-38054 Grenoble , France
| | - Dane Sotta
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA-Liten , 17 Avenue des Martyrs , F-38054 Grenoble , France
| | - Nicolas Dupré
- Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel, UMR CNRS 6502, Université de Nantes , 2 rue de la Houssiniere, BP32229 , F-44322 Nantes , France
| | - Eric De Vito
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA-Liten , 17 Avenue des Martyrs , F-38054 Grenoble , France
| | - Adrien Boulineau
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA-Liten , 17 Avenue des Martyrs , F-38054 Grenoble , France
| | - Willy Porcher
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA-Liten , 17 Avenue des Martyrs , F-38054 Grenoble , France
| | - Bernard Lestriez
- Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel, UMR CNRS 6502, Université de Nantes , 2 rue de la Houssiniere, BP32229 , F-44322 Nantes , France
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25
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Niemuth NJ, Curtis BJ, Hang MN, Gallagher MJ, Fairbrother DH, Hamers RJ, Klaper RD. Next-Generation Complex Metal Oxide Nanomaterials Negatively Impact Growth and Development in the Benthic Invertebrate Chironomus riparius upon Settling. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:3860-3870. [PMID: 30871314 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b06804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Most studies of nanomaterial environmental impacts have focused on relatively simple first-generation nanomaterials, including metals or metal oxides (e.g., Ag, ZnO) for which dissolution largely accounts for toxicity. Few studies have considered nanomaterials with more complex compositions, such as complex metal oxides, which represent an emerging class of next-generation nanomaterials used in commercial products at large scales. Importantly, many nanomaterials are not colloidally stable in aqueous environments and will aggregate and settle, yet most studies use pelagic rather than benthic-dwelling organisms. Here we show that exposure of the model benthic species Chironomus riparius to lithium cobalt oxide (Li xCo1- xO2, LCO) and lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide (Li xNi yMn zCo1- y- zO2, NMC) at 10 and 100 mg·L-1 caused 30-60% declines in larval growth and a delay of 7-25 d in adult emergence. A correlated 41-48% decline in larval hemoglobin concentration and related gene expression changes suggest a potential adverse outcome pathway. Metal ions released from nanoparticles do not cause equivalent impacts, indicating a nanospecific effect. Nanomaterials settled within 2 days and indicate higher cumulative exposures to sediment organisms than those in the water column, making this a potentially realistic environmental exposure. Differences in toxicity between NMC and LCO indicate compositional tuning may reduce material impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Niemuth
- School of Freshwater Sciences , University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee , 600 East Greenfield Avenue , Milwaukee , Wisconsin 53204 , United States
| | - Becky J Curtis
- School of Freshwater Sciences , University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee , 600 East Greenfield Avenue , Milwaukee , Wisconsin 53204 , United States
| | - Mimi N Hang
- Department of Chemistry , University of Wisconsin-Madison , 1101 University Avenue , Madison , Wisconsin 53706 , United States
| | - Miranda J Gallagher
- Department of Chemistry , Johns Hopkins University , 3400 North Charles Street , Baltimore , Maryland 21218 , United States
| | - D Howard Fairbrother
- Department of Chemistry , Johns Hopkins University , 3400 North Charles Street , Baltimore , Maryland 21218 , United States
| | - Robert J Hamers
- Department of Chemistry , University of Wisconsin-Madison , 1101 University Avenue , Madison , Wisconsin 53706 , United States
| | - Rebecca D Klaper
- School of Freshwater Sciences , University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee , 600 East Greenfield Avenue , Milwaukee , Wisconsin 53204 , United States
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26
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Feng ZV, Miller BR, Linn TG, Pho T, Hoang KNL, Hang MN, Mitchell SL, Hernandez RT, Carlson EE, Hamers RJ. Biological impact of nanoscale lithium intercalating complex metal oxides to model bacterium B. subtilis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. NANO 2019; 6:305-314. [PMID: 31572614 PMCID: PMC6768416 DOI: 10.1039/c8en00995c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The wide applications of lithium intercalating complex metal oxides in energy storage devices call for a better understanding of their environmental impact at the end of their life cycle. In this study, we examine the biological impact of a panel of nanoscale lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxides (Li x Ni y Mn z Co1-y-z O2, 0 < x, y, z < 1, abbreviated to NMCs) to a model Gram-positive bacterium, Bacillus subtilis, in terms of cellular respiration and growth. A highly sensitive single-cell gel electrophoresis method is also applied for the first time to understand the genotoxicity of these nanomaterials to bacterial cells. Results from these assays indicate that the free Ni and Co ions released from the incongruent dissolution of the NMC material in B. subtilis growth medium induced both hindered growth and cellular respiration. More remarkably, the DNA damage induced by the combination of the two ions in solution is comparable to that induced by the NMC material, which suggests that the free Ni and Co ions are responsible for the toxicity observed. A material redesign by enriching Mn is also presented. The combined approaches of evaluating their impact on bacterial growth, respiration, and DNA damage at a single-cell level, as well as other phenotypical changes allows us to probe the nanomaterials and bacterial cells from a mechanistic prospective, and provides a useful means to an understanding of bacterial response to new potential environmental stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z. Vivian Feng
- Chemistry Department, Augsburg University, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA
| | - Blake R. Miller
- Chemistry Department, Augsburg University, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA
| | - Taylor G. Linn
- Chemistry Department, Augsburg University, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA
| | - Thomas Pho
- Chemistry Department, Augsburg University, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA
| | | | - Mimi N. Hang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | | | | | - Erin E. Carlson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Robert J. Hamers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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27
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Bennett JW, Jones DT, Hamers RJ, Mason SE. First-Principles and Thermodynamics Study of Compositionally Tuned Complex Metal Oxides: Cation Release from the (001) Surface of Mn-Rich Lithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt Oxide. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:13300-13311. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b01855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph W. Bennett
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Diamond T. Jones
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Robert J. Hamers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Sara E. Mason
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
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28
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Laudadio ED, Bennett JW, Green CM, Mason SE, Hamers RJ. Impact of Phosphate Adsorption on Complex Cobalt Oxide Nanoparticle Dispersibility in Aqueous Media. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:10186-10195. [PMID: 30078331 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b02324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A commonly overlooked and largely unknown aspect of assessing the environmental and biological safety of engineered nanomaterials is their transformation in aqueous systems. Complex metal oxides are an important class of materials for catalysis, energy storage, and water purification. However, the potential impact of nano complex metal oxides on the environment upon improper disposal is not well understood. We present a comprehensive analysis of the interaction of an environmentally relevant oxyanion, phosphate, with a complex metal oxide nanomaterial, lithium cobalt oxide. Our results show that adsorption of phosphate to the surface of these materials drastically impacts their surface charge, rendering them more stable in aqueous systems. The adsorbed phosphate remains on the surface over significant periods of time, suggesting that desorption is not kinetically favored. The implications of this interaction may be increased dispersibility and bioavailability of these materials in environmental water systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth D Laudadio
- Department of Chemistry , University of Wisconsin , Madison , Wisconsin 53706 , United States
| | - Joseph W Bennett
- Department of Chemistry , University of Iowa , Iowa City , Iowa 52242 , United States
| | - Curtis M Green
- Department of Chemistry , University of Wisconsin , Madison , Wisconsin 53706 , United States
| | - Sara E Mason
- Department of Chemistry , University of Iowa , Iowa City , Iowa 52242 , United States
| | - Robert J Hamers
- Department of Chemistry , University of Wisconsin , Madison , Wisconsin 53706 , United States
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