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Lin C, Li H, Pei Z, Li Y, Yang R, Zhang Q, Jiang G. Hexabromocyclododecanes in soils, plants, and sediments from Svalbard, Arctic: Levels, isomer profiles, chiral signatures, and potential sources. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 472:134512. [PMID: 38733783 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
This study investigated the occurrence, stereoisomeric behavior, and potential sources of hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs) in topsoil and terrestrial vegetation from Svalbard and ocean sediment samples from Kongsfjorden, an open fjord on the west coast of Spitsbergen. The mean levels of total concentrations (Σ3HBCDs) were comparable to those in other remote regions and were lower than those in source regions. Elevated proportions of α-HBCD with an average of 41% in the terrestrial samples and 25% in ocean sediments compared to those in commercial products (10-13% for α-HBCD) were observed, implying isomerization from γ- to α-HBCD in the Arctic environment. In addition, the extensive deviations of enantiomeric fractions (EFs) from the racemic values reflected the effect of biotransformation on HBCD accumulation. Linear correlation analysis, redundancy analysis, and back-trajectory were combined to infer possible HBCD sources, and the results showed the important role of global production and long-range environmental transport (LRET) for the entry of HBCDs into the Arctic at an early stage. To the best of our knowledge, this study represents the first report on the diastereoisomer- and enantiomer-specific profiles of HBCDs in the Arctic terrestrial environment and sheds light on the transport pathways and environmental fate for more effective risk management related to HBCDs in remote regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenlu Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China; College of Resource and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Honghua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Zhiguo Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yingming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Ruiqiang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China; College of Resource and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China; College of Resource and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China; College of Resource and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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2
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Cha J, Kim JH, Jung JY, Nam SI, Hong S. Chronological distribution and potential sources of persistent toxic substances in soils from the glacier foreland of Midtre Lovénbreen, Svalbard. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 357:124387. [PMID: 38897275 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Despite its reputation as one of the cleanest regions globally, recent studies have identified the presence of various persistent toxic substances (PTSs) in the environmental matrices collected from Svalbard. This study investigated the chronological distribution and potential sources of 81 PTSs in soils from the glacier foreland of Midtre Lovénbreen. Soil samples (n = 45) were categorized by age based on exposure to the atmosphere due to glacier retreat in July 2014 into five age groups: 80-100 years (n = 7), 60-80 years (n = 12), 40-60 years (n = 16), 20-40 years (n = 7), and <20 years (n = 3). Concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs, n = 32) in soils varied with age, ranging from 0.29 to 0.74 ng g-1 dw. In addition, the concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs, n = 28), perylene, and alkyl-PAHs (n = 20) in soils ranged from 21 to 80 ng g-1 dw, 2.9-62 ng g-1 dw, and 73-420 ng g-1 dw, respectively. The concentrations of PTSs were observed to be greater in older soils. Principal component analysis revealed that PCBs in soils originated from various product sources. Positive matrix factorization modeling estimated the association of PAHs in soils with potential origins, such as diesel emissions, petroleum and coal combustion, and coal. Potential sources of PAHs were mainly coal in younger soils and diesel emissions and petroleum combustion in older soils. Alkyl-PAH compositions in the soil were similar to those of bituminous coal, with a noteworthy degree of weathering observed in older soils. The accumulation rate and flux of PTSs in soils exhibited compound-specific patterns, reflecting factors such as long-range transport, fate, origin, and recent inputs. These findings can serve as baseline data for protecting and preserving polar environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihyun Cha
- Department of Earth, Environmental & Space Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hyun Kim
- Division of Glacier and Earth Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, 21990, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Young Jung
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, 21990, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Il Nam
- Division of Glacier and Earth Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, 21990, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongjin Hong
- Department of Earth, Environmental & Space Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea; Department of Marine Environmental Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Zhao C, Yang L, Sun Y, Chen C, Huang Z, Yang Q, Yun J, Habib A, Liu G, Zheng M, Jiang G. Atmospheric emissions of hexachlorobutadiene in fine particulate matter from industrial sources. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4737. [PMID: 38834556 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49097-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Hexachlorobutadiene (HCBD) is a concerning chemical that is included in the United States Toxic Substances Control Act, and the Stockholm Convention. Knowledge of the sources of HCBD is insufficient and is pivotal for accurate inventory and implementing global action. In this study, unintentional HCBD release and source emission factors of 121 full-scale industrial plants from 12 industries are investigated. Secondary copper smelting, electric arc furnace steelmaking, and hazardous waste incineration show potential for large emission reductions, which are found of high HCBD emission concentrations of > 20 ng/g in fine particulate matter in this study. The highest HCBD emission concentration is observed for the secondary copper smelting industry (average: 1380 ng/g). Source emission factors of HCBD for the 12 industries range from 0.008 kg/t for coal fire power plants to 0.680 kg/t for secondary lead smelting, from which an estimation of approximately 8452.8 g HCBD emissions annually worldwide achieved. The carcinogenic risks caused by HCBD emissions from countries and regions with intensive 12 industrial sources are 1.0-80 times higher than that without these industries. These results will be useful for formulating effective strategies of HCBD control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lili Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Yuxiang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Changzhi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zichun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiuting Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianghui Yun
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ahsan Habib
- Department of Chemistry, Dhaka University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Guorui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou, China.
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Minghui Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Jiang L, Lv J, Jones KC, Yu S, Wang Y, Gao Y, Wu J, Luo L, Shi J, Li Y, Yang R, Fu J, Bu D, Zhang Q, Jiang G. Soil's Hidden Power: The Stable Soil Organic Carbon Pool Controls the Burden of Persistent Organic Pollutants in Background Soils. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:8490-8500. [PMID: 38696308 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) tend to accumulate in cold regions by cold condensation and global distillation. Soil organic matter is the main storage compartment for POPs in terrestrial ecosystems due to deposition and repeated air-surface exchange processes. Here, physicochemical properties and environmental factors were investigated for their role in influencing POPs accumulation in soils of the Tibetan Plateau and Antarctic and Arctic regions. The results showed that the soil burden of most POPs was closely coupled to stable mineral-associated organic carbon (MAOC). Combining the proportion of MAOC and physicochemical properties can explain much of the soil distribution characteristics of the POPs. The background levels of POPs were estimated in conjunction with the global soil database. It led to the proposition that the stable soil carbon pools are key controlling factors affecting the ultimate global distribution of POPs, so that the dynamic cycling of soil carbon acts to counteract the cold-trapping effects. In the future, soil carbon pool composition should be fully considered in a multimedia environmental model of POPs, and the risk of secondary release of POPs in soils under conditions such as climate change can be further assessed with soil organic carbon models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Jiang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jitao Lv
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Kevin C Jones
- Centre for Chemicals Management, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, U.K
| | - Shiyang Yu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yawei Wang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Yan Gao
- Division of Chemical Metrology and Analytical Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jing Wu
- China National Environmental Monitoring Centre, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Lun Luo
- South-East Tibetan plateau Station for integrated observation and research of alpine environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Research Center of Applied Geology of China Geological Survey, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Jianbo Shi
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Yingming Li
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Ruiqiang Yang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Jianjie Fu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Duo Bu
- College of Science, Tibet University, Tibet Autonomous Region, Lhasa 850000, PR China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Guibin Jiang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310000, China
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Liu JJ, Zhang YH, Li F, Sun J, Yuan SJ, Zhang PD. Contamination status, partitioning behavior, ecological risks assessment of legacy and emerging per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in a typical heavily polluted semi-enclosed bay, China. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 247:118214. [PMID: 38246302 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
The contaminant status, spatial distribution, partitioning behavior, and ecological risks of 26 legacy and emerging perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in Laizhou Bay, China were investigated. The concentrations of ∑PFASs in surface and bottom seawater ranged from 37.2 to 222 ng/L and from 34.2 to 305 ng/L with an average of 116 ± 62.7 and 138 ± 93.8 ng/L, respectively. There were no significant differences in the average concentrations between the surface and bottom seawater (P > 0.05). Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and short-chain PFASs dominated the composition of PFASs in seawater. The concentrations of ∑PFASs in sediments ranged from 0.997 to 7.21 ng/g dry weight (dw), dominated by perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS), perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA), and long-chain PFASs. The emerging alternatives of perfluoro-1-butane-sulfonamide (FBSA) and 6:2 fluorotelomer sulfonic acid (6:2 FTSA) were detected for the first time in Laizhou Bay. The ∑PFASs in seawater in the southwest of the bay were higher than those in the northeast of the bay. The ∑PFASs in sediments in the northeast sea area were higher than those in the inner area of the bay. Log Kd and log Koc values increased with increasing carbon chain length for PFASs compounds. Ecological risk assessments indicated a low ecological risk associated with HFPO-DA but a moderate risk associated with PFOA contamination in Laizhou Bay. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) analysis revealed that fluoropolymer manufacturing, metal plating plants, and textile treatments were identified as major sources contributing to PFASs contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Ji Liu
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Hao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Li
- Shandong Marine Resources and Environment Research Institute, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Restoration for Marine Ecology, Yantai, 264006, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Sun
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Shun-Jie Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei-Dong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao, People's Republic of China.
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6
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Egas C, Galbán-Malagón C, Castro-Nallar E, Molina-Montenegro MA. Role of Microbes in the degradation of organic semivolatile compounds in polar ecosystems: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 879:163046. [PMID: 36965736 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The Arctic and the Antarctic Continent correspond to two eco-regions with extreme climatic conditions. These regions are exposed to the presence of contaminants resulting from human activity (local and global), which, in turn, represent a challenge for life forms in these environments. Anthropogenic pollution by semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) in polar ecosystems has been documented since the 1960s. Currently, various studies have shown the presence of SVOCs and their bioaccumulation and biomagnification in the polar regions with negative effects on biodiversity and the ecosystem. Although the production and use of these compounds has been regulated, their persistence continues to threaten biodiversity and the ecosystem. Here, we summarize the current literature regarding microbes and SVOCs in polar regions and pose that bioremediation by native microorganisms is a feasible strategy to mitigate the presence of SVOCs. Our systematic review revealed that microbial communities in polar environments represent a wide reservoir of biodiversity adapted to extreme conditions, found both in terrestrial and aquatic environments, freely or in association with vegetation. Microorganisms adapted to these environments have the potential for biodegradation of SVOCs through a variety of genes encoding enzymes with the capacity to metabolize SVOCs. We suggest that a comprehensive approach at the molecular and ecological level is required to mitigate SVOCs presence in these regions. This is especially patent when considering that SVOCs degrade at slow rates and possess the ability to accumulate in polar ecosystems. The implications of SVOC degradation are relevant for the preservation of polar ecosystems with consequences at a global level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Egas
- Centre for Integrative Ecology (CIE), Universidad de Talca, Campus Lircay, Talca, Chile; Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas (ICB), Universidad de Talca, Campus Lircay, Talca, Chile
| | - Cristóbal Galbán-Malagón
- Centro de Genómica, Ecología y Medio Ambiente (GEMA), Universidad Mayor, Campus Huechuraba, Santiago, Chile; Institute of Environment, Florida International University, University Park, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Eduardo Castro-Nallar
- Centre for Integrative Ecology (CIE), Universidad de Talca, Campus Lircay, Talca, Chile; Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Talca, Campus Lircay, Talca, Chile
| | - Marco A Molina-Montenegro
- Centre for Integrative Ecology (CIE), Universidad de Talca, Campus Lircay, Talca, Chile; Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas (ICB), Universidad de Talca, Campus Lircay, Talca, Chile; Centro de Investigación en Estudios Avanzados del Maule (CIEAM), Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile.
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7
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Zhang D, Li J, Li X, Wang M, Zhong Y, Chen G, Xiao H, Zhang Y. Phytoremediation of fluoroalkylethers (ether-PFASs): A review on bioaccumulation and ecotoxilogical effects. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 865:161260. [PMID: 36587702 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Fluoroalkylethers (ether-PFASs), as alternatives to phased-out per- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), have attracted mounting attention due to their ubiquitous detection in aquatic environment and their similarity to legacy PFASs in terms of persistence and toxicity. In this review, the sources and distribution of ether-PFASs in soil ecosystem as well as their toxic impacts on soil microbial community are summarized. The plant uptake and bioaccumulation potential of ether-PFASs are presented, and a wide range of the influencing factors for their uptake and translocation is discussed. In response to ether-PFASs, the corresponding phytotoxic effects, such as seed germination, plant growth, photosynthesis, oxidative damage, antioxidant enzymes activities, and genotoxicity, are systematically elucidated. Finally, the current knowledge gaps and future research prospective are highlighted. The findings of this review will advance our understanding for the environmental behavior and implications ether-PFASs in soil-plant systems and help explore the strategies for ether-PFASs remediation to minimize their adverse toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongqing Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Pollution Processes and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming 525000, China.
| | - Jiaying Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Pollution Processes and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming 525000, China
| | - Xia Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Pollution Processes and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming 525000, China.
| | - Mo Wang
- College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Yongming Zhong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Pollution Processes and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming 525000, China
| | - Gaolin Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Pollution Processes and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming 525000, China
| | - Hongyu Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Pollution Processes and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming 525000, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Krahn KM, Cornelissen G, Castro G, Arp HPH, Asimakopoulos AG, Wolf R, Holmstad R, Zimmerman AR, Sørmo E. Sewage sludge biochars as effective PFAS-sorbents. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 445:130449. [PMID: 36459882 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The use of sewage sludge to produce biochar-based sorbents for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) removal from water and soil may be an economically and environmentally sustainable waste management option. This study compared the sorption of six perfluorinated carboxylic acids (PFCAs) by two sewage sludge biochars (SSBCs) and one wood chip biochar (WCBC), dry pyrolyzed at 700 °C. Batch sorption tests were conducted by adding individual PFCAs and a PFCA-mixture to pure biochars and mixtures of biochar and a sandy soil (1.3% TOC). PFAS-sorption to the SSBCs exhibited log-linear biochar-water distribution coefficients (log Kd), comparable to those previously reported for commercial activated carbons (e.g., 5.73 ± 0.02 for perfluorooctanoic acid at 1 µg/L). The strong sorption of PFCAs was attributed to the SSBCs relatively high pore volumes in the pore size range that can accommodate these compounds. Sorption was attenuated by the presence of soil (by factors 3-10), by the presence of a mixture of PFCAs (by factors of 6-532) and by both together (by factors of 8-6581), indicating strongly competitive sorption between PFCA-congeners, and less severe sorption attenuation by soil organic matter. These findings could enable sustainable value chains for SSBs in soil remediation and water filtration solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katinka M Krahn
- Norwegian Geotechnical Institute (NGI), 0484 Oslo, Norway; Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), 1430 Ås, Norway; Lindum AS, 3036 Drammen, Norway
| | - Gerard Cornelissen
- Norwegian Geotechnical Institute (NGI), 0484 Oslo, Norway; Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), 1430 Ås, Norway
| | - Gabriela Castro
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7024 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Hans Peter H Arp
- Norwegian Geotechnical Institute (NGI), 0484 Oslo, Norway; Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7024 Trondheim, Norway
| | | | - Raoul Wolf
- Norwegian Geotechnical Institute (NGI), 0484 Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | - Erlend Sørmo
- Norwegian Geotechnical Institute (NGI), 0484 Oslo, Norway; Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), 1430 Ås, Norway
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9
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Yang MR, Dai XR, Huang ZW, Huang CY, Xiao H. Research progress of the POP fugacity model: a bibliometrics-based analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:86899-86912. [PMID: 36261637 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23397-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
With the emergence of environmental issues regarding persistent organic pollutants (POPs), fugacity models have been widely used in the concentration prediction and exposure assessment of POPs. Based on 778 relevant research articles published between 1979 and 2020 in the Web of Science Core Collection (WOSCC), the current research progress of the fugacity model on predicting the fate and transportation of POPs in the environment was analyzed by CiteSpace software. The results showed that the research subject has low interdisciplinarity, mainly involving environmental science and environmental engineering. The USA was the most paper-published country, followed by Canada and China. The publications of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lancaster University, and Environment Canada were leading. Collaboration between institutions was inactive and low intensity. Keyword co-occurrence analysis showed that polychlorinated biphenyls, organochlorine pesticides, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were the most concerning compounds, while air, water, soil, and sediment were the most concerning environmental media. Through co-citation cluster analysis, in addition to the in-depth exploration of traditional POPs, research on emerging POPs such as cyclic volatile methyl siloxane and dechlorane plus were new research frontiers. The distribution and transfer of POPs in the soil-air environment have attracted the most attention, and the regional grid model based on fugacity has been gradually improved and developed. The co-citation high-burst detection showed that the research hotspots gradually shifted from pollutant persistence and long-range transport potential to pollutant distribution rules among the different environmental media and the long-distance transmission simulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Rong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Urban Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, Ningbo (Beilun) Zhongke Haixi Industrial Technology Innovation Center, Ningbo, 315800, China
| | - Xiao-Rong Dai
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China.
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Urban Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, Ningbo (Beilun) Zhongke Haixi Industrial Technology Innovation Center, Ningbo, 315800, China.
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, 315100, China.
| | - Zhong-Wen Huang
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Hanshan Normal University, Chaozhou, 521041, China
| | - Cen-Yan Huang
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, 315100, China
| | - Hang Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Urban Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, Ningbo (Beilun) Zhongke Haixi Industrial Technology Innovation Center, Ningbo, 315800, China
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10
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Han B, Chen L, Li Y, Yu L, Zhang J, Tao S, Liu W. Spatial distribution and risk assessment of 11 organophosphate flame retardants in soils from different regions of agricultural farmlands in mainland China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 842:156806. [PMID: 35738380 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence and distribution of organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) in nationwide farmland soils of mainland China are rarely measured. The current study was the first to collect 325 farmland soil samples from 109 cities throughout mainland China. Ten organophosphate esters (OPEs), including alkyl-OPEs, Cl-OPEs, and aryl-OPEs, together with an organophosphate intermediates (TPPO), were determined. The results indicated that ΣOPFRs ranged from 2.41 ng/g to 35.8 ng/g dry weight (dw), and ΣOPFRs in northeastern and southern China were significantly (p < 0.01) higher than those in northwestern and central China. Alkyl-OPEs and Cl-OPEs served as the main components of OPEs, and the novel aryl-OPEs showed the highest detection frequency (> 92 %). Principal component analysis (PCA) was employed to identify the different sources of OPEs, in which atmospheric deposition, irrigation, or direct release of plastic mulch acted as the main input routes in farmland soils. The potential risks of OPFRs were assessed through soil ingestion exposure and ecotoxicological impacts. Our results showed that direct exposure to farmland soils had no high risks to the human body and ecological environments. This study provides new evidence for further understanding the spatial distributions and contamination status of OPFRs in farmland soils throughout mainland China.
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Affiliation(s)
- BingJun Han
- Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - LiYuan Chen
- Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - YuJun Li
- Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Lu Yu
- Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - JiaoDi Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shu Tao
- Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - WenXin Liu
- Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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11
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Lin K, Han T, Wang R, Tan L, Yang X, Zhao T, Chen Y, Wan M, Wang J. Spatiotemporal distribution, ecological risk assessment and source analysis of legacy and emerging Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in the Bohai Bay, China. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 300:134378. [PMID: 35398068 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The Bohai Sea is one of the most polluted hotspots by per- and Polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in the world and studies on the vertical distribution of PFASs at different water layers and phase partitioning between water and suspended particulate matter (SPM) were still limited. 23 legacy and emerging PFASs were investigated in seawater and SPM throughout the Bay in this study. The average concentrations of ∑PFASs in seawater were 48.21 ng/L and 52.71 ng/L during the periods of wet and normal water, respectively. In general, the concentrations of ∑PFASs in surface water were higher than that in deep water. Legacy PFASs in seawater were dominated by PFOA and short-chain PFASs, while the emerging alternative HFPO-DA was detected in the whole water layer of the Bohai Bay with an average concentration of 1.09 ng/L. The spatial distribution showed that ∑PFASs were higher nearshore than inside the bay and higher in the south than that in the north of the bay. The average concentration of ∑PFASs in SPM was 9.02 ng/g. Long-chain PFASs and the emerging alternative 6:2 Cl-PFESA accounted for the major contaminants. The partition coefficients log Kd and φspm-w showed a linear positive correlation with carbon chain length. Preliminary risk assessments revealed that the ecological risk of common PFASs in the Bohai Bay was low, while PFOA was at moderate risk. The principal component analysis demonstrated that the production process of traditional fluorochemical factories, fire-fighting and emerging electroplating industries were the main sources of PFASs. This was the first comprehensive survey of emerging PFASs in different water depths and in SPM of the Bohai Bay during different seasons, which provided important scientific data for studying the ecological risks and pollution prevention of PFASs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Lin
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Tongzhu Han
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China; Bioresource and Environment Research Center, Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, The First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, 266061, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Liju Tan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China.
| | - Xue Yang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Ting Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Yanshan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Mengmeng Wan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Jiangtao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China.
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12
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Prats RM, van Drooge BL, Fernández P, Grimalt JO. Changes and distribution of gas-phase polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and organochlorine compounds in a high-mountain gradient over a three-year period (Pyrenees, 2017-2020). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 829:154602. [PMID: 35306068 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The atmospheric gas-phase concentrations of several polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), hexachlorobenzene (HCB), and pentachlorobenzene (PeCB) were measured in six high-mountain sites in the Pyrenees (1619-2453 m). Polyurethane foam passive air samplers were used for this purpose, providing continuous records spanning over three years (2017-2020). The mean concentrations of ∑PCBs, HCB, and PeCB, 13 ± 4 pg m-3, 44 ± 18 pg m-3, and 23 ± 20 pg m-3, respectively, were of the order of those reported in other mountain sites and similar to those measured 20 years ago in the same area, evidencing the persistence of these compounds despite the international regulatory actions. The mean concentration of ∑PAHs was 631 ± 238 pg m-3, representing between two- and three-times lower values than 20 years ago in the same area, but still in the range of other mountain regions. Statistically significant increases in gas-phase concentrations at higher temperatures were observed for most compounds. The experimental phase-change pseudo-enthalpies calculated from the slopes of the regressions between the natural logarithm of the concentrations and the reciprocal of temperature were lower than the reference values for nearly all compounds. This difference suggested a main contribution of long-range atmospheric transport of the gas-phase PAH and organochlorine concentrations in this mountain area. However, the less volatile compounds such as benz[a]anthracene, PCB138, and PCB180 showed a closer similarity between experimental and laboratory enthalpies, indicating that a significant portion of the variations in concentration of these compounds originated from temperature-dependent diffusive exchange by re-volatilization from local surfaces. The concentrations found in these sentinel ecosystems demonstrate that long-range transport of organic pollutants remains a risk in remote continental environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raimon M Prats
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18, 08034 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Barend L van Drooge
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18, 08034 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Pilar Fernández
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18, 08034 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Joan O Grimalt
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18, 08034 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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13
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Recent Advances of Emerging Organic Pollutants Degradation in Environment by Non-Thermal Plasma Technology: A Review. WATER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/w14091351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Emerging organic pollutants (EOPs), including endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs), pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs), and persistent organic pollutants (POPs), constitute a problem in the environmental field as they are difficult to completely degrade by conventional treatment methods. Non-thermal plasma technology is a novel advanced oxidation process, which combines the effects of free radical oxidation, ozone oxidation, ultraviolet radiation, shockwave, etc. This paper summarized and discussed the research progress of non-thermal plasma remediation of EOPs-contaminated water and soil. In addition, the reactive species in the process of non-thermal plasma degradation of EOPs were summarized, and the degradation pathways and degradation mechanisms of EOPs were evaluated of selected EOPs for different study cases. At the same time, the effect of non-thermal plasma in synergy with other techniques on the degradation of EOPs in the environment was evaluated. Finally, the bottleneck problems of non-thermal plasma technology are summarized, and some suggestions for the future development of non-thermal plasma technology in the environmental remediation were presented. This review contributes to our better understanding of non-thermal plasma technology for remediation of EOPs-contaminated water and soil, hoping to provide reference for relevant practitioners.
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14
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Roos AM, Gamberg M, Muir D, Kärrman A, Carlsson P, Cuyler C, Lind Y, Bossi R, Rigét F. Perfluoroalkyl substances in circum-ArcticRangifer: caribou and reindeer. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:23721-23735. [PMID: 34813015 PMCID: PMC8979910 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16729-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Livers of caribou and reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) from Canada (n = 146), Greenland (n = 30), Svalbard (n = 7), and Sweden (n = 60) were analyzed for concentrations of eight perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids and four perfluoroalkane sulfonic acids. In Canadian caribou, PFNA (range < 0.01-7.4 ng/g wet weight, ww) and PFUnDA (<0.01-5.6 ng/g ww) dominated, whereas PFOS predominated in samples from South Greenland, Svalbard, and Sweden, although the highest concentrations were found in caribou from Southwest Greenland (up to 28 ng/g ww). We found the highest median concentrations of all PFAS except PFHxS in Akia-Maniitsoq caribou (Southwest Greenland, PFOS 7.2-19 ng/g ww, median 15 ng/g ww). The highest concentrations of ΣPFAS were also found in Akia-Maniitoq caribou (101 ng/g ww) followed by the nearby Kangerlussuaq caribou (45 ng/g ww), where the largest airport in Greenland is situated, along with a former military base. Decreasing trends in concentrations were seen for PFOS in the one Canadian and three Swedish populations. Furthermore, PFNA, PFDA, PFUnDA, PFDoDA, and PFTrDA showed decreasing trends in Canada's Porcupine caribou between 2005 and 2016. In Sweden, PFHxS increased in the reindeer from Norrbotten between 2003 and 2011. The reindeer from Västerbotten had higher concentrations of PFNA and lower concentrations of PFHxS in 2010 compared to 2002. Finally, we observed higher concentrations in 2010 compared to 2002 (albeit statistically insignificant) for PFHxS in Jämtland, while PFNA, PFDA, PFUnDA, PFDoDA, and PFTrDA showed no difference at all.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Roos
- Greenland Institute of Natural Resources, PO Box 570, 3900, Nuuk, Greenland.
- Department of Environmental Research and Monitoring, Swedish Museum of Natural History, PO Box 50007, SE-10405, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Mary Gamberg
- Gamberg Consulting, Box 11267, Yukon, Y1A 6N5, Whitehorse, Canada
| | - Derek Muir
- Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 867 Lakeshore Road, Burlington, Ontario, L7S 1A1, Canada
| | - Anna Kärrman
- MTM Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, SE-70182, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Pernilla Carlsson
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Fram Centre, Hjalmar Johansens gate 14, 9007, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Christine Cuyler
- Greenland Institute of Natural Resources, PO Box 570, 3900, Nuuk, Greenland
| | - Ylva Lind
- Department of Environmental Research and Monitoring, Swedish Museum of Natural History, PO Box 50007, SE-10405, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rossana Bossi
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Frank Rigét
- Greenland Institute of Natural Resources, PO Box 570, 3900, Nuuk, Greenland
- Danish Centre for Environment and Energy, Department of Ecoscience, Arctic Research Centre, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark
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15
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MacInnis J, De Silva AO, Lehnherr I, Muir DCG, St Pierre KA, St Louis VL, Spencer C. Investigation of perfluoroalkyl substances in proglacial rivers and permafrost seep in a high Arctic watershed. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2022; 24:42-51. [PMID: 34908076 DOI: 10.1039/d1em00349f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We measured perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in proglacial rivers and along a non-glacial freshwater continuum to investigate the role of snow and ice melting in their transport and fate within the Lake Hazen watershed (82° N). PFAS concentrations in glacial rivers were higher than those in surface waters of Lake Hazen, suggesting melting glacial ice increased PFAS concentrations in the lake. Stream water derived from subsurface soils along a non-glacial (permafrost thaw and snowmelt) freshwater continuum was a source of PFAS to Lake Hazen. Lower concentrations were found downstream of a meadow wetland relative to upstream locations along the continuum, suggesting PFAS partitioning into vegetation and soil as water flowed downstream towards Lake Hazen. Our estimations indicate that total PFAS inputs from glacial rivers and snowmelt were 1.6 kg (78%) and 0.44 kg (22%), respectively, into Lake Hazen, totalling 2.04 kg, and the output of PFAS from Lake Hazen was 0.64 kg. A positive net annual change of 1.4 kg indicates PFAS had notable residence times and/or net storage in Lake Hazen.
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Affiliation(s)
- John MacInnis
- Department of Chemistry, Memorial University, St. John's, NL A1B 3X7, Canada.
| | - Amila O De Silva
- Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, ON L7S 1A1, Canada.
| | - Igor Lehnherr
- Department of Geography, Geomatics and Environment, University of Toronto, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada.
| | - Derek C G Muir
- Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, ON L7S 1A1, Canada.
| | - Kyra A St Pierre
- Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
| | - Vincent L St Louis
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada.
| | - Christine Spencer
- Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, ON L7S 1A1, Canada.
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16
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Riaz R, Malik RN, de Wit CA. Soil-air partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the Lesser Himalaya region: Influence of soil organic matter, atmospheric transport processes and secondary emissions. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 291:118006. [PMID: 34543955 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
After decades of imposed regulations about reducing the primary emissions of persistent organic pollutants (POPs), these pollutants are still present in the environment. Soils are important repositories of such persistent semivolatile organic contaminants (SVOCs), and it is assumed that SVOCs sequestered in these reservoirs are being re-mobilized due to anthropogenic influence. In this study, concentrations of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in soil and air, their fugacities, fluxes and the soil-air partition coefficient (KSA) were determined for three different land cover types (glacial, remote/mountainous and urban) of the Lesser Himalayan Region (LHR). The concentrations of OCPs, PCBs and PBDEs in soils and air ranged between 0.01 and 2.8, 0.81-4.8, 0.089-0.75 ng g-1; 0.2-106, 0.027-182, and 0.011-7.26 pg m-3, respectively. The levels of SVOCs in the soil were correlated with soil organic matter (SOM) indicating that SOM is a substrate for the organic pollutants in soils. The Clausius-Clapeyron plots between ln P and inverse of temperature (1000/T) suggested that long range atmospheric transport was the major input source of PBDEs and higher chlorinated PCBs over the LHR. The uneven and wide distribution of local sources in LHR and up-slope enrichment of SVOCs explained the spatial variability and altitudinal patterns. The soils near mountain and urban lakes act as local sinks of SVOCs such as β-HCH, pp΄-DDT, CB-28, -118, -153, BDE-47, -99, and -154, with soil-air exchange fluxes tending more toward deposition. However, the soils near glacial lakes acted as local sources of more volatile congeners of α-HCH, γ-HCH, op'-DDT, pp'-DDE and lower to medium chlorinated PCBs such as CB-18, -28, -53, -42 and BDE-47, -99, with soil-air exchange tending more toward volatilization flux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahat Riaz
- Environmental Biology and Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, PO 45320, Pakistan
| | - Riffat Naseem Malik
- Environmental Biology and Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, PO 45320, Pakistan.
| | - Cynthia A de Wit
- Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, SE-10691, Stockholm, Sweden
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17
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He QL, Zhang L, Liu SZ. Effects of Polychlorinated Biphenyls on Animal Reproductive Systems and Epigenetic Modifications. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2021; 107:398-405. [PMID: 34110444 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-021-03285-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a group of highly toxic endocrine-disrupting chemicals comprising 209 homologs. PCBs are extensively found in the environment and can induce typical estrogenic and profound, long-lasting effects on animals. In this article, the introduction of PCB residues into the environment and the pathways of PCB enrichment in animals are described. PCBs are widely deposited and eventually accumulate in human tissues and body fluids through biomagnification. PCBs can significantly decrease animal fertility and interfere with endocrine processes, leading to the development of various diseases and even cancer. The effects of PCBs on the reproductive systems of animals can also be passed to their offspring, indicating that PCBs may affect the epigenetic modification process. There is currently no treatment to effectively inhibit the toxicity of PCBs in organisms; therefore, the severity of PCB toxicity needs to be widely recognized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Long He
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Shu-Zhen Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China.
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18
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Fernandez P, van Drooge BL, Arellano L, Grimalt JO. Atmospheric deposition of semivolatile organic pollutants in European high mountains: Sources, settling and chemical degradation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 784:147099. [PMID: 33895512 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Bulk atmospheric deposition samples, including wet and dry deposition, were collected during 2004-2006 in four high mountain European lakes: Skalnate Pleso (Tatra mountains, Slovakia), Gossenköllesee (Alps, Austria), Redon (Pyrenees, Spain), and Lochnagar (Grampian Mountains, Scotland). Samples were analysed for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorobiphenyls (PCBs), hexachlorobenzene (HCB), hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs), endosulfans, and polybromodiphenyl ethers (PBDEs). The deposition of PCBs, HCHs, and low brominated BDEs reflected baseline contributions from long range atmospheric transport. This was also the case for PAHs in Redon and Gossenköllesee, endosulfans in Lochnagar and Gossenköllesee and HCB in these three lakes. However, Skalnate received PAHs, endosulfans, and HCB from regional sources as it was the case for endosulfans in Redon. The distinct origin of these pollutants was reflected in the relative composition of some metabolites such as the proportion of endosulfan sulfate vs α- and β-endosulfans or the relative composition of BDE47 and BDE99. Wet deposition was the main process for atmospheric removal of PAHs, HCHs, and HCB. In addition, warm season revolatilization from soils and melting snow with subsequent condensation at low temperature were significant for volatile PAHs, HCB, low chlorinated PCBs, and endosulfans. Reaction with OH radicals was not a significant loss process of HCHs and HCB in remote areas, dominated by wet deposition, whereas PCBs and PAHs were significantly removed by both wet deposition and OH radical oxidation, the latter dominating in the highest altitude sites. Photolysis was the main atmospheric removal process of PBDEs, dominating over atmospheric deposition and OH depletion in all sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Fernandez
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona, 18. 08034 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Barend L van Drooge
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona, 18. 08034 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Lourdes Arellano
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona, 18. 08034 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Joan O Grimalt
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona, 18. 08034 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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19
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Fu J, Fu K, Chen Y, Li X, Ye T, Gao K, Pan W, Zhang A, Fu J. Long-Range Transport, Trophic Transfer, and Ecological Risks of Organophosphate Esters in Remote Areas. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:10192-10209. [PMID: 34263594 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c08822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphate esters (OPEs) have been a focus in the field of environmental science due to their large volume production, wide range of applications, ubiquitous occurrence, potential bioaccumulation, and worrisome ecological and health risks. Varied physicochemical properties among OPE analogues represent an outstanding scientific challenge in studying the environmental fate of OPEs in recent years. There is an increasing number of studies focusing on the long-range transport, trophic transfer, and ecological risks of OPEs. Therefore, it is necessary to conclude the OPE pollution status on a global scale, especially in the remote areas with vulnerable and fragile ecosystems. The present review links together the source, fate, and environmental behavior of OPEs in remote areas, integrates the occurrence and profile data, summarizes their bioaccumulation, trophic transfer, and ecological risks, and finally points out the predominant pollution burden of OPEs among organic pollutants in remote areas. Given the relatively high contamination level and bioaccumulation/biomagnification behavior of OPEs, in combination with the sensitivity of endemic species in remote areas, more attention should be paid to the potential ecological risks of OPEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kehan Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- Beijing Institute of Grain Science, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Yu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Xiaomin Li
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100081, China
| | - Tong Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Environmental and Health Effects of Persistent Toxic Substances, Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Ke Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Wenxiao Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Aiqian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Environmental and Health Effects of Persistent Toxic Substances, Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Jianjie Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Environmental and Health Effects of Persistent Toxic Substances, Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
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20
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Zhu X, Song X, Schwarzbauer J. First insights into the formation and long-term dynamic behaviors of nonextractable perfluorooctanesulfonate and its alternative 6:2 chlorinated polyfluorinated ether sulfonate residues in a silty clay soil. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 761:143230. [PMID: 33158517 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are persistent and toxic contaminants that are ubiquitous in the environment. They can incorporate into soil as nonextractable residues (NER) which are not detectable with conventional analytical protocols but are still possible to remobilize with changes of surrounding conditions, and thus will be bioavailable again. Therefore, there is a need to investigate thoroughly the long-term fate of NER-PFAS. In this study, a 240-day incubation of perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) and its alternative 6:2 chlorinated polyfluorinated ether sulfonate (F-53B) in a silty clay topsoil was carried out. Solvent extraction, alkaline hydrolysis and sequential chemical degradation were applied on periodically sampled soil to obtain extractable, moderately bound and deeply bound PFAS, respectively. The results confirmed the formation of NER of both compounds but with different preferences of incorporating mechanisms. NER-PFOS was formed predominantly by covalent binding (via head group) and strong adsorption (via tail group). The formation of NER-F-53B was mainly driven by physical entrapment. Both bound compounds within the incubation period showed three-stage behaviors including an initial period with slight release followed by a (re) incorporating stage and a subsequent remobilizing stage. This work provides some first insights on the long-term dynamic behaviors of nonextractable PFAS and will be conducive to their risk assessment and remediation (e.g. estimating potential NER-PFAS level based on their free extractable level, and selecting remediation methods according to their prevailing binding mechanisms).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Zhu
- Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Petroleum and Coal, RWTH Aachen University, Lochnerstr, 4-20, 52064 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Xin Song
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210008 Nanjing, China.
| | - Jan Schwarzbauer
- Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Petroleum and Coal, RWTH Aachen University, Lochnerstr, 4-20, 52064 Aachen, Germany.
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21
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Hoondert RPJ, Ragas AMJ, Hendriks AJ. Simulating changes in polar bear subpopulation growth rate due to legacy persistent organic pollutants - Temporal and spatial trends. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 754:142380. [PMID: 33254886 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Although atmospheric concentrations of many conventional persistent organic pollutants (POPs) have decreased in the Arctic over the past few decades, levels of most POPs and mercury remain high since the 1990s or start to increase again in Arctic areas, especially polar bears. So far, studies generally focused on individual effects of POPs, and do not directly link POP concentrations in prey species to population-specific parameters. In this study we therefore aimed to estimate the effect of legacy POPs and mercury on population growth rate of nineteen polar bear subpopulations. We modelled population development in three scenarios, based on species sensitivity distributions (SSDs) derived for POPs based on ecotoxicity data for endothermic species. In the first scenario, ecotoxicity data for polar bears were based on the HC50 (the concentration at which 50% of the species is affected). The other two scenarios were based on the HC5 and HC95. Considerable variation in effects of POPs could be observed among the scenarios. In our intermediate scenario, we predicted subpopulation decline for ten out of 15 polar bear subpopulations. The estimated population growth rate was least reduced in Gulf of Boothia and Foxe Basin. On average, PCB concentrations in prey (in μg/g toxic equivalency (TEQ)) posed the largest threat to polar bear subpopulations, with negative modelled population growth rates for the majority of subpopulations. We did not find a correlation between modelled population changes and monitored population trends for the majority of chemical-subpopulation combinations. Modelled population growth rates increased over time, implying a decreasing effect of PCBs, DDTs, and mercury. Polar bear subpopulations are reportedly still declining in four out of the seven subpopulations for which sufficient long-term monitoring data is available, as reported by the IUCN-PBSG. This implies that other emerging pollutants or other anthropogenic stressors may affect polar bear subpopulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renske P J Hoondert
- Department of Environmental Science, Institute for Wetland and Water Research, Faculty of Science, Radboud University Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Ad M J Ragas
- Department of Environmental Science, Institute for Wetland and Water Research, Faculty of Science, Radboud University Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Faculty of Management, Science and Technology, Open University, the Netherlands
| | - A Jan Hendriks
- Department of Environmental Science, Institute for Wetland and Water Research, Faculty of Science, Radboud University Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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22
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Shahsavari E, Rouch D, Khudur LS, Thomas D, Aburto-Medina A, Ball AS. Challenges and Current Status of the Biological Treatment of PFAS-Contaminated Soils. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 8:602040. [PMID: 33490051 PMCID: PMC7817812 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.602040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are Synthetic Organic Compounds (SOCs) which are of current concern as they are linked to a myriad of adverse health effects in mammals. They can be found in drinking water, rivers, groundwater, wastewater, household dust, and soils. In this review, the current challenge and status of bioremediation of PFAs in soils was examined. While several technologies to remove PFAS from soil have been developed, including adsorption, filtration, thermal treatment, chemical oxidation/reduction and soil washing, these methods are expensive, impractical for in situ treatment, use high pressures and temperatures, with most resulting in toxic waste. Biodegradation has the potential to form the basis of a cost-effective, large scale in situ remediation strategy for PFAS removal from soils. Both fungal and bacterial strains have been isolated that are capable of degrading PFAS; however, to date, information regarding the mechanisms of degradation of PFAS is limited. Through the application of new technologies in microbial ecology, such as stable isotope probing, metagenomics, transcriptomics, and metabolomics there is the potential to examine and identify the biodegradation of PFAS, a process which will underpin the development of any robust PFAS bioremediation technology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Duncan Rouch
- School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Leadin S Khudur
- School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Duncan Thomas
- School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Andrew S Ball
- School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia.,ARC Training Centre for the Transformation of Australia's Biosolids Resource, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
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23
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Emerging Contaminants: Analysis, Aquatic Compartments and Water Pollution. EMERGING CONTAMINANTS VOL. 1 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-69079-3_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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24
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Hoondert RPJ, van den Brink NW, van den Heuvel-Greve MJ, Ragas AJ, Jan Hendriks A. Implications of Trophic Variability for Modeling Biomagnification of POPs in Marine Food Webs in the Svalbard Archipelago. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:4026-4035. [PMID: 32129610 PMCID: PMC7144221 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b06666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in the Arctic has been of constant concern, as these chemicals cause reproductive effects and mortality in organisms. The Arctic acts as a chemical sink, which makes this system an interesting case for bioaccumulation studies. However, as conducting empirical studies for all Arctic species and POPs individually is unfeasible, in silico methods have been developed. Existing bioaccumulation models are predominately validated for temperate food chains, and do not account for a large variation in trophic levels. This study applies Monte Carlo simulations to account for variability in trophic ecology on Svalbard when predicting bioaccumulation of POPs using the optimal modeling for ecotoxicological applications (OMEGA) bioaccumulation model. Trophic magnification factors (TMFs) were calculated accordingly. Comparing our model results with monitored POP residues in biota revealed that, on average, all predictions fell within a factor 6 of the monitored POP residues in biota. Trophic variability did not affect model performance tremendously, with up to a 25% variability in performance metrics. To our knowledge, we were the first to include trophic variability in predicting biomagnification in Arctic ecosystems using a mechanistic biomagnification model. However, considerable amounts of data are required to quantify the implications of trophic variability on biomagnification of POPs in Arctic food webs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renske P. J. Hoondert
- Department
of Environmental Science, Institute for Wetland
and Water Research, Faculty of Science, Radboud University, P.O. Box 9010, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Nico W. van den Brink
- Division
of Toxicology, Wageningen University, Box 8000, 6700 EA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - AdM. J. Ragas
- Department
of Environmental Science, Institute for Wetland
and Water Research, Faculty of Science, Radboud University, P.O. Box 9010, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Faculty
of Management, Science and Technology, Open
University, P.O. Box 2960, 6401 DL Heerlen, The Netherlands
| | - A. Jan Hendriks
- Department
of Environmental Science, Institute for Wetland
and Water Research, Faculty of Science, Radboud University, P.O. Box 9010, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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25
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Zheng G, Miller P, von Hippel FA, Buck CL, Carpenter DO, Salamova A. Legacy and emerging semi-volatile organic compounds in sentinel fish from an arctic formerly used defense site in Alaska. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 259:113872. [PMID: 32069693 PMCID: PMC7082201 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The Arctic is subject to long-range atmospheric deposition of globally-distilled semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) that bioaccumulate and biomagnify in lipid-rich food webs. In addition, locally contaminated sites may also contribute SVOCs to the arctic environment. Specifically, Alaska has hundreds of formerly used defense (FUD) sites, many of which are co-located with Alaska Native villages in remote parts of the state. The purpose of this study was to investigate the extent of SVOC contamination on Alaska's St. Lawrence Island through the analysis of sentinel fish, the ninespine stickleback (Pungitius pungitius), collected from Troutman Lake located within the watershed of an FUD site and adjacent to the Yupik community of Gambell. We measured the concentrations of legacy and emerging SVOCs in 303 fish samples (81 composites), including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), organophosphate esters (OPEs) and their diester metabolites, and per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). PBDEs and PCBs were the most abundant SVOC groups found in stickleback with ΣPBDE and ΣPCB median concentrations of 25.8 and 10.9 ng/g ww, respectively, followed by PFAS (median ΣPFAS 7.22 ng/g ww). ΣOPE and ΣOPE metabolite concentrations were lower with median concentrations of 4.97 and 1.18 ng/g ww, respectively. Chemical patterns and distributions based on correlations and comparison with SVOC concentrations in stickleback from other parts of the island suggest strong local sources of PCBs, PBDEs, and PFAS on St. Lawrence Island.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guomao Zheng
- O'Neill School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Pamela Miller
- Alaska Community Action on Toxics, Anchorage, AK, 99518, USA
| | - Frank A von Hippel
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
| | - C Loren Buck
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
| | - David O Carpenter
- University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, 12222, USA
| | - Amina Salamova
- O'Neill School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA.
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26
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Pacyna-Kuchta AD, Wietrzyk-Pełka P, Węgrzyn MH, Frankowski M, Polkowska Ż. A screening of select toxic and essential elements and persistent organic pollutants in the fur of Svalbard reindeer. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 245:125458. [PMID: 31846790 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Reindeers play an important role in the polar ecosystem, being long-lived sole vegetarians feeding on local vegetation. They can be used as a valuable bioindicator, helping us to understand contaminants' impact on the polar terrestrial ecosystem. Still, scarce data exist from research in which polar herbivores (especially those from the European parts of the Arctic) were a major study subject for trace elements and persistent organic pollutant determination. Here, Svalbard reindeer fur has been used to determine metals, non-metals and metalloids using ICP-MS, and several persistent organic pollutants including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) using gas chromatography coupled to a tandem mass spectrometer (GC-MS/MS). Samples were collected from reindeer populations living in the area near Ny-Ålesund and Longyearbyen. Essential elements like Fe, Mg, Zn, K, Ca, Cu predominated in the trace elements profile. Median values of As, Cd, Co, Li, Ni, Se and V were all below 0.5 μg/g dw. Mercury was below detection limit in all samples, while the Pb median varied from 0.35 to 0.74 μg/g dw. Except acenaphthylene and fluorene, PAHs were detectable only in samples collected in the vicinity of Longyearbyen. Of 15 studied pesticides, only DDT and its metabolites were above the detection limit, and, of PCBs, only PCB28.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Dorota Pacyna-Kuchta
- Gdańsk University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Colloid and Lipid Science, 11/12 Narutowicza Street, 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Paulina Wietrzyk-Pełka
- Jagiellonian University, Prof. Z. Czeppe Department of Polar Research and Documentation, Institute of Botany, Faculty of Biology, Gronostajowa 3, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Michał Hubert Węgrzyn
- Jagiellonian University, Prof. Z. Czeppe Department of Polar Research and Documentation, Institute of Botany, Faculty of Biology, Gronostajowa 3, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Marcin Frankowski
- Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Water and Soil Analysis, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
| | - Żaneta Polkowska
- Gdańsk University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, 11/12 Narutowicza Street, 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland
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27
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Yu H, Liu Y, Shu X, Ma L, Pan Y. Assessment of the spatial distribution of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in urban soil of China. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 243:125392. [PMID: 31995868 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Long-term (2004-2018) persistent organic pollutants (POPs) data were collected for urban soils of China. The dataset included concentrations of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in soils, comprising a range of different compounds. Understanding the source of OCP and PCB pollution is an important step in controlling and reducing pollution levels in the environment. This study aimed to analyze the spatio-temporal distribution, pollution sources, and potential health risks of OCPs and PCBs in urban soils in different regions of China. It was found that the total OCP concentrations ranged from 7.6 to 37331 μg/kg with a mean value of 2861 μg/kg, and PCBs concentrations ranged from 0.3 to 123467 μg/kg with a mean value of 4984 μg/kg. The highest OCP concentrations were observed in Beijing and Hebei, whereas the highest PCB concentrations were found in the Zhejiang province. The geographical distribution showed that the total mean concentration of POPs of urban soil was much higher in East China than in West China. According to the isomer ratios, about 64% of provinces and cities showed new sources of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) input and dicofol input was found in 30% of China. Hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) in urban soils was mainly derived from fresh usage of lindane (γ-HCH) in most regions of China. Lifetime carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks of OCPs and PCBs through ingestion, inhalation, and dermal contact indicated that PCBs in urban soils of China often exceeded safe levels. The total lifetime carcinogenic risk values of PCBs were higher than the individual lifetime acceptable risk level (10-4) in 64% of the studied regions and the non-carcinogenic risk values exceeded the target risk level (10-1) in 53% of the regions. The improved knowledge of the distribution and main pollution sources of POPs in urban soil of China as a result of this study can contribute to better decision-making support for soil pollution control and monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Yu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yongfeng Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Xingquan Shu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Limin Ma
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Yuwei Pan
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
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28
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Ullah R, Asghar R, Baqar M, Mahmood A, Alamdar A, Qadir A, Sohail M, Schäfer RB, Musstjab Akber Shah Eqani SA. Assessment of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the Himalayan Riverine Network of Azad Jammu and Kashmir. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 240:124762. [PMID: 31568940 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The emission of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in South Asian countries is one of the great environmental concerns and has resulted in the contamination of surrounding high altitude regions such as Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJK), Pakistan. This first investigation of Polychlorinated Biphenyl (PCBs) concentrations in the ambient air, water and surface soil was conducted along the extensive stream network in the AJK valley of the Himalayan Region. In 2014, surface soil samples were taken and passive air and water samplers were deployed along the four main rivers, namely Jhelum, Neelum, Poonch and Kunhar, and analysed for PCBs (33 congeners) using GC-MS/MS. The ∑33PCBs concentrations ranged from 31.17 to 175.2 (mean ± SD: 81 ± 46.4 pg/L), ND to 1908 (1054 ± 588.5 pg/g), and 29.8 to 94.4 (52.9 ± 22.7 pg/m3) in surface water, soil and air matrices, respectively. The levels of dioxin-like PCBs (∑8DL-PCBs) contributed considerably towards the total PCBs concentrations: 60.63% (water), 43.87% (air) and 13.76% (soil). The log transformed air-water fugacity (log fa/fw) ratios ranged from -9.37 to 2.58; with 86.3% of the sampling sites showing net volatilization of selected PCB congeners. Similarly, the fugacity fractions for air-soil exchange exhibited narrow variation (0.8 to < 1) indicating net volatilization of PCBs. The ecological risk assessment showed low potential ecological risks (Eri = 1.58-7.63) associated with PCB contamination. The present findings provide baseline data that suggest cold trapping of POPs in the remote mountainous areas of Pakistan and can support environmental management of POPs at the regional level. This pioneer investigation campaign to assess the PCBs concentrations in Himalayan Riverine Network of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan helps to develop baseline data of PCBs from the strategically important riverine environment that would help in future regional as well as global ecological studies. However, the effects of temperature variations on the sampling rates of chemicals across a wide spectrum of volatility along the elevation gradient were not taken under consideration for PCBs atmospheric concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizwan Ullah
- Department of Biotechnology, Mirpur University of Science and Technology (MUST), Mirpur, 10250, AJK, Pakistan; Department of Zoology, Mirpur University of Science and Technology (MUST), Mirpur, 10250, AJK, Pakistan
| | - Rehana Asghar
- Department of Biotechnology, Mirpur University of Science and Technology (MUST), Mirpur, 10250, AJK, Pakistan
| | - Mujtaba Baqar
- Sustainable Development Study Centre, Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan.
| | - Adeel Mahmood
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Government College Women University, Sialkot, 51310, Pakistan
| | - Ambreen Alamdar
- Ecohealth and Environment Lab, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Qadir
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sohail
- Ecohealth and Environment Lab, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan
| | - Ralf B Schäfer
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Landau in der Pfalz 76829, Germany
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29
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Cabrerizo A, Muir DCG, Teixeira C, Lamoureux SF, Lafreniere MJ. Snow Deposition and Melting as Drivers of Polychlorinated Biphenyls and Organochlorine Pesticides in Arctic Rivers, Lakes, and Ocean. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:14377-14386. [PMID: 31808337 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b05150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Concurrent sampling of freshwater (lakes and rivers), seawater, snow, air, and zooplankton for a range of legacy polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) was undertaken in the Canadian High Arctic during ice-covered, melting, and ice-free conditions. Overall, there was a general trend of higher fluvial PCB/OCP concentrations associated with the spring snow melt (early-mid June), while much lower concentrations were detected during the snow-free season (end of July). In contrast, PCB concentrations in two Arctic lakes (West and East Lakes, Melville Island) and in ocean waters, sharply increased in the ice-free period, likely because of inputs from the ice/snow layer melting and river runoff. The resulting air-water fugacity ratios and fluxes followed a remarkable shift during the sampling campaign. PCBs and OCPs shifted from equilibrium during ice/snow-covered conditions toward a clear net volatilization of PCBs and most of the OCPs during snow/ice-free conditions. Differences in the bioaccumulation factor for PCB/OCPs in zooplankton between West and East Lakes were observed, likely because of zooplankton being exposed to more contaminated food in West Lake due to higher turbidity related to in-lake disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cabrerizo
- Aquatic Contaminant Research Division , Environment and Climate Change Canada , Burlington , Ontario L7S 1A1 , Canada
| | - Derek C G Muir
- Aquatic Contaminant Research Division , Environment and Climate Change Canada , Burlington , Ontario L7S 1A1 , Canada
| | - Camilla Teixeira
- Aquatic Contaminant Research Division , Environment and Climate Change Canada , Burlington , Ontario L7S 1A1 , Canada
| | - Scott F Lamoureux
- Department of Geography and Planning , Queen's University , Kingston , Ontario K7L 3N6 , Canada
| | - Melissa J Lafreniere
- Department of Geography and Planning , Queen's University , Kingston , Ontario K7L 3N6 , Canada
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30
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Aslam SN, Huber C, Asimakopoulos AG, Steinnes E, Mikkelsen Ø. Trace elements and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in terrestrial compartments of Svalbard, Norwegian Arctic. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 685:1127-1138. [PMID: 31390703 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Despite being a remote location, the Arctic is a major receptor for anthropogenic pollution transported from the mid-latitudes. Vegetation and underlying organic soils in the Norwegian Arctic, Svalbard were used to study the occurrences of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and trace elements. In this study, current concentrations of PCBs and trace elements, namely, Al, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, S, Sb, U and Zn in the terrestrial compartments of Svalbard are presented. Samples were collected from Adventdalen near Longyearbyen and from areas in proximity to Ny-Ålesund. There was significant variability in soil organic matter (SOM) among the soils analysed (5.0%-72.1%), with the highest values detected in Ny-Ålesund. The concentrations of Al, As, Cr Cu, Fe, Pb and Ni were associated with the geology of the local bedrock. The concentrations of all elements, except for Cd, Hg and Zn, were higher in soils than those in the overlying vegetation layers. Mean concentrations of ∑PCBs were significantly higher in vegetation (6.90 ± 0.81 ng g-1 dw) than the underlying organic soils (3.70 ± 0.36 ng g-1 dw). An inverse correlation of PCBs with the elements originating from the local bedrock indicated that their concentrations were potentially impacted by atmospheric deposition. PCBs and Cd were strongly associated, proposing a potential concomitant source of origin in Svalbard. Concentrations of PCBs and trace elements measured herein were below the proposed guidelines for Norwegian soil quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shazia N Aslam
- Department of Chemistry, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim 7491, Norway.
| | - Carolin Huber
- Department of Chemistry, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim 7491, Norway
| | | | - Eiliv Steinnes
- Department of Chemistry, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim 7491, Norway
| | - Øyvind Mikkelsen
- Department of Chemistry, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim 7491, Norway
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Hudelson KE, Muir DCG, Drevnick PE, Köck G, Iqaluk D, Wang X, Kirk JL, Barst BD, Grgicak-Mannion A, Shearon R, Fisk AT. Temporal trends, lake-to-lake variation, and climate effects on Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) mercury concentrations from six High Arctic lakes in Nunavut, Canada. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 678:801-812. [PMID: 31085496 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.04.453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Climate warming and mercury (Hg) are concurrently influencing Arctic ecosystems, altering their functioning and threatening food security. Non-anadromous Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) in small lakes were used to biomonitor these two anthropogenic stressors, because this iconic Arctic species is a long-lived top predator in relatively simple food webs, and yet population characteristics vary greatly, reflecting differences between lake systems. Mercury concentrations in six landlocked Arctic char populations on Cornwallis Island, Nunavut have been monitored as early as 1989, providing a novel dataset to examine differences in muscle [Hg] among char populations, temporal trends, and the relationship between climate patterns and Arctic char [Hg]. We found significant lake-to-lake differences in length-adjusted Arctic char muscle [Hg], which varied by up to 9-fold. Arctic char muscle [Hg] was significantly correlated to dissolved and particulate organic carbon concentrations in water; neither watershed area or vegetation cover explained differences. Three lakes exhibited significant temporal declines in length-adjusted [Hg] in Arctic char; the other three lakes had no significant trends. Though precipitation, temperature, wind speed, and sea ice duration were tested, no single climate variable was significantly correlated to length-adjusted [Hg] across populations. However, Arctic char Hg in Resolute Lake exhibited a significant correlation with sea ice duration, which is likely closely linked to lake ice duration, and which may impact Hg processing in lakes. Additionally, Arctic char [Hg] in Amituk Lake was significantly correlated to snow fall, which may be linked to Hg deposition. The lack of consistent temporal trends in neighboring char populations indicates that currently, within lake processes are the strongest drivers of [Hg] in char in the study lakes and potentially in other Arctic lakes, and that the influence of climate change will likely vary from lake to lake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karista E Hudelson
- Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada; Centre Eau Terre Environnement, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université du Québec, Québec, QC G1K 9A9, Canada.
| | - Derek C G Muir
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Canada Centre for Inland Waters, Burlington, ON L7S 1A1, Canada.
| | - Paul E Drevnick
- Centre Eau Terre Environnement, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université du Québec, Québec, QC G1K 9A9, Canada; Alberta Environment and Parks, Environmental Monitoring and Science Division, Calgary, AB T2E 7L7, Canada
| | - Günter Köck
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Mountain Research, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Deborah Iqaluk
- Hamlet of Resolute Bay, Resolute Bay, NU X0A 0V0, Canada
| | - Xiaowa Wang
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Canada Centre for Inland Waters, Burlington, ON L7S 1A1, Canada
| | - Jane L Kirk
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Canada Centre for Inland Waters, Burlington, ON L7S 1A1, Canada
| | - Benjamin D Barst
- Centre Eau Terre Environnement, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université du Québec, Québec, QC G1K 9A9, Canada; Water and Environmental Research Center, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA
| | - Alice Grgicak-Mannion
- Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Rebecca Shearon
- Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Aaron T Fisk
- Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada
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Casal P, Casas G, Vila-Costa M, Cabrerizo A, Pizarro M, Jiménez B, Dachs J. Snow Amplification of Persistent Organic Pollutants at Coastal Antarctica. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:8872-8882. [PMID: 31298532 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b03006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Many legacy and emerging persistent organic pollutants (POPs) have been reported in polar regions, and act as sentinels of global pollution. Maritime Antarctica is recipient of abundant snow precipitation. Snow scavenges air pollutants, and after snow melting, it can induce an unquantified and poorly understood amplification of concentrations of POPs. Air, snow, the fugacity in soils and snow, seawater and plankton were sampled concurrently from late spring to late summer at Livingston Island (Antarctica). Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) concentrations in snow and air were close to equilibrium. POPs in soils showed concentrations close to soil-air equilibrium or net volatilization depending on chemical volatility. Seawater-air fugacity ratios were highly correlated with the product of the snow-air partition coefficient and the Henry's law constant (KSA H'), a measure of snow amplification of fugacity. Therefore, coastal seawater mirrored the PCB congener profile and increased concentrations in snowmelt due to snowpack releasing POPs to seawater. The influence of snowpack and glacier inputs was further evidenced by the correlation between net volatilization fluxes of PCBs and seawater salinity. A meta-analysis of KSA, estimated as the ratio of POP concentrations in snow and air from previously reported simultaneous field measurements, showed that snow amplification is relevant for diverse families of POPs, independent of their volatility. We claim that the potential impact of atmospheric pollution on aquatic ecosystems has been under-predicted by only considering air-water partitioning, as snow amplification influences, and may even control, the POP occurrence in cold environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Casal
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC) , Barcelona , Catalonia 08034 , Spain
| | - Gemma Casas
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC) , Barcelona , Catalonia 08034 , Spain
| | - Maria Vila-Costa
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC) , Barcelona , Catalonia 08034 , Spain
| | - Ana Cabrerizo
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC) , Barcelona , Catalonia 08034 , Spain
| | - Mariana Pizarro
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC) , Barcelona , Catalonia 08034 , Spain
| | - Begoña Jiménez
- Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry , Institute of Organic Chemistry (IQOG-CSIC) , Madrid 28006 , Spain
| | - Jordi Dachs
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC) , Barcelona , Catalonia 08034 , Spain
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Jia Y, Wang J, Ren C, Nahurira R, Khokhar I, Wang J, Fan S, Yan Y. Identification and characterization of a meta-cleavage product hydrolase involved in biphenyl degradation from Arthrobacter sp. YC-RL1. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:6825-6836. [PMID: 31240368 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-09956-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a group of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) widely existing in the environment. Arthrobacter sp. YC-RL1 is a biphenyl-degrading bacterium that shows metabolic versatility towards aromatic compounds. A 2-hydroxy-6-oxo-6-phenylhexa-2, 4-dienoate (HOPDA) hydrolase (BphD) gene involved in the biodegradation of biphenyl was cloned from strain YC-RL1 and heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). The recombinant BphDYC-RL1 was purified and characterized. BphDYC-RL1 showed the highest activity at 45 °C and pH 7. It was stable under a wide range of temperature (20-50 °C). The enzyme had a Km value of 0.14 mM, Kcat of 11.61 s-1, and Vmax of 0.027 U/mg. Temperature dependence catalysis exhibited a biphasic Arrhenius Plot with a transition at 20 °C. BphDYC-RL1 was inactivated by SDS, Tween 20, Tween 80, Trition X-100, DTT, CHAPS, NBS, PMSF, and DEPC, but insensitive to EDTA. Site-directed mutagenesis of the active-site residues revealed that the catalytic triad residues (Ser115, His275, and Asp247) of BphDYC-RL1 were necessary for its activity. The investigation of BphDYC-RL1 not only provides new potential enzyme resource for the biodegradation of biphenyl but also helps deepen our understanding on the catalytic process and mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Jia
- Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Junhuan Wang
- Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Chao Ren
- Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Ruth Nahurira
- Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Ibatsam Khokhar
- Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jiayi Wang
- Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Shuanghu Fan
- Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yanchun Yan
- Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
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