1
|
Li J, Deqing Z, Liang J, Guo T, Yao J, Liu W. Combustion aerosols and suspended dust with controlled processes in Lhasa: Elemental analysis and size distribution characteristics. J Environ Sci (China) 2025; 148:591-601. [PMID: 39095192 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2023.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
To explore air contamination resulting from special biomass combustion and suspended dust in Lhasa, the present study focused on the size distribution and chemical characteristics of particulate matter (PM) emission resulting from 7 types of non-fossil pollution sources. We investigated the concentration and size distribution of trace elements from 7 pollution sources collected in Lhasa. Combining Lhasa's atmospheric particulate matter data, enrichment factors (EFs) have been calculated to examine the potential impact of those pollution sources on the atmosphere quality of Lhasa. The highest mass concentration of total elements of biomass combustion appeared at PM0.4, and the second highest concentration existed in the size fraction 0.4-1 µm; the higher proportion (12 %) of toxic metals was produced by biomass combustion. The elemental composition of suspended dust and atmospheric particulate matter was close (except for As and Cd); the highest concentration of elements was all noted in PM2.5-10 (PM3-10). Potassium was found to be one of the main biomass markers. The proportion of Cu in suspended dust is significantly lower than that of atmospheric particulate matter (0.53 % and 3.75 %), which indicates that there are other anthropogenic sources. The EFs analysis showed that the Cr, Cu, Zn, and Pb produced by biomass combustion were highly enriched (EFs > 100) in all particle sizes. The EFs of most trace elements increased with decreasing particle size, indicating the greater influence of humanfactors on smaller particles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinglin Li
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 201800, China; University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhuoga Deqing
- Meteorological Bureau of Tibet Autonomous Region, Lhasa 850000, China
| | - Jie Liang
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 201800, China; University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tao Guo
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 201800, China; University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jian Yao
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 201800, China; University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Wei Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 201800, China; University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liu H, Yang S, Mi J, Sun C, Chen J, Li J. 4d-2p-4f Gradient Orbital Coupling Enables Tandem Catalysis for Simultaneous Abatement of N 2O and CO on Atomically Dispersed Rh/CeO 2 Catalyst. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 39259756 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c02277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
N2O and CO coexist in various industrial and mobile sources. The synergistic reaction of N2O and CO to generate N2 and CO2 has garnered significant research interest, but it remains extremely challenging. Herein, we constructed an atomically dispersed Rh-supported CeO2 catalyst with asymmetric Rh-O-Ce sites through gradient Rh 4d-O 2p-Ce 4f orbital coupling. This design effectively regulates the 4f electron states of Ce and promotes the electron filling of the O 3π* antibonding orbital to facilitate N-O bond cleavage. Near-ambient-pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (NAP-XPS) reveals that CO reacts with the surface-adsorbed O* generated by N2O decomposition through self-tandem catalysis, accelerating the rate-limiting step in N2O decomposition and activating the synergistic reaction of N2O and CO at temperatures as low as 115 °C. This work can guide the development of high-performance catalysts using the strategy of high-order orbital hybridization combined with the tandem concept to achieve versatile catalytic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Liu
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
- College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China
| | - Shan Yang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China
| | - Jinxing Mi
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Chuanzhi Sun
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China
| | - Jianjun Chen
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Junhua Li
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Agyapong PD, Jack D, Kaali S, Colicino E, Mujtaba MN, Chillrud SN, Osei M, Gennings C, Agyei O, Kinney PL, Kwarteng A, Perzanowski M, Dwommoh Prah RK, Tawiah T, Asante KP, Lee AG. Household Air Pollution and Child Lung Function: The Ghana Randomized Air Pollution and Health Study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2024; 209:716-726. [PMID: 38016085 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202303-0623oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: The impact of a household air pollution (HAP) stove intervention on child lung function has been poorly described. Objectives: To assess the effect of a HAP stove intervention for infants prenatally to age 1 on, and exposure-response associations with, lung function at child age 4. Methods: The Ghana Randomized Air Pollution and Health Study randomized pregnant women to liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), improved biomass, or open-fire (control) stove conditions through child age 1. We quantified HAP exposure by repeated maternal and child personal carbon monoxide (CO) exposure measurements. Children performed oscillometry, an effort-independent lung function measurement, at age 4. We examined associations between Ghana Randomized Air Pollution and Health Study stove assignment and prenatal and infant CO measurements and oscillometry using generalized linear regression models. We used reverse distributed lag models to examine time-varying associations between prenatal CO and oscillometry. Measurements and Main Results: The primary oscillometry measure was reactance at 5 Hz, X5, a measure of elastic and inertial lung properties. Secondary measures included total, large airway, and small airway resistance at 5 Hz, 20 Hz, and the difference in resistance at 5 Hz and 20 Hz (R5, R20, and R5-20, respectively); area of reactance (AX); and resonant frequency. Of the 683 children who attended the lung function visit, 567 (83%) performed acceptable oscillometry. A total of 221, 106, and 240 children were from the LPG, improved biomass, and control arms, respectively. Compared with control, the improved biomass stove condition was associated with lower reactance at 5 Hz (X5 z-score: β = -0.25; 95% confidence interval [CI] = -0.39, -0.11), higher large airway resistance (R20 z-score: β = 0.34; 95% CI = 0.23, 0.44), and higher AX (AX z-score: β = 0.16; 95% CI = 0.06, 0.26), which is suggestive of overall worse lung function. The LPG stove condition was associated with higher X5 (X5 score: β = 0.16; 95% CI = 0.01, 0.31) and lower small airway resistance (R5-20 z-score: β = -0.15; 95% CI = -0.30, 0.0), which is suggestive of better small airway function. Higher average prenatal CO exposure was associated with higher R5 and R20, and distributed lag models identified sensitive windows of exposure between CO and X5, R5, R20, and R5-20. Conclusions: These data support the importance of prenatal HAP exposure on child lung function. Clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT01335490).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prince Darko Agyapong
- Kintampo Health Research Centre, Research and Development, Division Ghana Health Service, Bono East Region Kintampo North, Ghana
| | - Darby Jack
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Seyram Kaali
- Kintampo Health Research Centre, Research and Development, Division Ghana Health Service, Bono East Region Kintampo North, Ghana
| | | | - Mohammed Nuhu Mujtaba
- Kintampo Health Research Centre, Research and Development, Division Ghana Health Service, Bono East Region Kintampo North, Ghana
| | - Steven N Chillrud
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory at Columbia University, Palisades, New York; and
| | - Musah Osei
- Kintampo Health Research Centre, Research and Development, Division Ghana Health Service, Bono East Region Kintampo North, Ghana
| | - Chris Gennings
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health
- Institute for Exposomic Research, and
| | - Oscar Agyei
- Kintampo Health Research Centre, Research and Development, Division Ghana Health Service, Bono East Region Kintampo North, Ghana
| | - Patrick L Kinney
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Adolphine Kwarteng
- Kintampo Health Research Centre, Research and Development, Division Ghana Health Service, Bono East Region Kintampo North, Ghana
| | - Matthew Perzanowski
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Rebecca Kyerewaa Dwommoh Prah
- Kintampo Health Research Centre, Research and Development, Division Ghana Health Service, Bono East Region Kintampo North, Ghana
| | - Theresa Tawiah
- Kintampo Health Research Centre, Research and Development, Division Ghana Health Service, Bono East Region Kintampo North, Ghana
| | - Kwaku Poku Asante
- Kintampo Health Research Centre, Research and Development, Division Ghana Health Service, Bono East Region Kintampo North, Ghana
| | - Alison G Lee
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kazemi Z, Jafari AJ, Kermani M, Kalantary RR. Evaluating the photocatalytic performance of MOF coated on glass for degradation of gaseous styrene under visible light. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1083. [PMID: 38212370 PMCID: PMC10784502 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-51098-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Styrene is a volatile organic compound with various applications, especially in the plastics and paint industries. Exposure to it leads to symptoms such as weakness, suppression of the central nervous system, and nausea, and prolonged exposure to it increases the risk of cancer. Its removal from the air is a topic that researchers have considered. Various methods such as absorption, membrane separation, thermal and catalytic oxidation, biofiltration have been used to remove these compounds. The disadvantages of these compounds include the need for high energy, production of secondary pollutants, large space, providing environmental conditions (temperature and humidity) and long time. The photocatalyst process is considered as an advanced process due to the production of low and safe secondary pollutants. MOFs are nanoparticles with unique photocatalytic properties that convert organic pollutants into water and carbon dioxide under light irradiation and in environmental conditions, which prevent the production of secondary pollutants. The present study aimed to investigate the efficiency of MIL100 (Fe) nanoparticles coated on glass in removing styrene vapor from the air. Surface morphology, crystal structure, pore size, functional groups, and chemical composition of the catalyst were analyzed by SEM, XRD, BET, FTIR, and EDX analysis. The effect of parameters such as initial pollutant concentration, temperature, time, relative humidity, and nanoparticle concentration was evaluated as effective parameters in the removal process. Based on the results, MIL100 (Fe) 0.6 g/l with an 89% removal rate had the best performance for styrene removal. Due to its optimal removal efficiency, it can be used to degrade other air pollutants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zohre Kazemi
- Research Center of Environmental Health Technology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Jonidi Jafari
- Research Center of Environmental Health Technology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Majid Kermani
- Research Center of Environmental Health Technology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roshanak Rezaei Kalantary
- Research Center of Environmental Health Technology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Naved MM, Wathore R, Kumbhare H, Gupta A, Labhasetwar N. Community kitchen tandoors (CKT)-a potential candidate for air pollution mitigation strategies? ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:56317-56329. [PMID: 36917380 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26176-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Community kitchen tandoor (CKT) is a clay-based hollow cylindrical device commonly used in South Asian and Middle Eastern countries for baking flatbreads and cooking meat. These CKTs, generally fuelled by charcoal or wood, contribute significantly to the pollution loads in ambient air along with occupational exposure hazards. CKTs, being a part of the informal sector, lack emissions and safety guidelines. This study surveys 139 restaurants in CKT hotspots of New Delhi, India, to understand tandoor design and operational parameters and to assess PM2.5 and CO exposure concentrations at representative field restaurants. PM2.5 and CO exposure concentrations from traditional CKT was found to be several-folds higher than safe indoor air quality levels. Further, the traditional CKT was evaluated for different improved fuels (like briquettes and pellets) in the laboratory for PM2.5 and CO microenvironment concentrations. It was found that the fuel improvements in traditional CKT could not improve microenvironment concentrations to the desired levels; hence, an automated pellet-fed forced-draft improved tandoor with an improved combustion chamber design is demonstrated. The results of the laboratory trial of improved tandoor were compared with traditional tandoor (using pellets) and have shown 84% and 94% reductions in PM2.5 and CO concentrations, respectively, indicating significant benefits to the environment and health. We recommend implementing such improved CKT, on a large scale, combined with other identified control options, as a potential candidate under air pollution mitigation strategies in cities' action plans under National Clean Air Programme (NCAP).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Mubashshir Naved
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur, 440020, Maharashtra, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India
| | - Roshan Wathore
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur, 440020, Maharashtra, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India
| | - Himanshu Kumbhare
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur, 440020, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ankit Gupta
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India.
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Delhi Zonal Centre, Naraina, New Delhi, 110028, India.
| | - Nitin Labhasetwar
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur, 440020, Maharashtra, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Niu X, Liu X, Zhang B, Zhang Q, Xu H, Zhang H, Sun J, Ho KF, Chuang HC, Shen Z, Cao J. Health benefits from substituting raw biomass fuels for charcoal and briquette fuels: In vitro toxicity analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 866:161332. [PMID: 36596416 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
PM2.5 (particulate matters with diameter ≤ 2.5 μm) from biomass fuel combustion has been identified as a major cause of cardiopulmonary diseases. Briquette and charcoal are two representative processed fuels that exhibit different emission characteristics. This study compared three types of biomass fuels (maize straw, wheat straw, and wood branches) and their respective processed fuels in terms of their emission factors (EFs). The bioreactivity of human alveolar epithelial (A549) cells to exposure to various fuel-emitted PM2.5 was assessed. The EFs of lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were calculated to compare actual cytotoxicity. The PM2.5 EFs of maize and wheat straw were higher than those of wood branches, and following the processes of briquetting and carbonization, the EFs of PM2.5 and chemical components were effectively reduced. Cell membrane damage and inflammatory responses were observed after A549 cell exposure to PM2.5 extracts. The expression of bioreactivity to briquettes and charcoals was lower than that to raw fuels. The EFs of LDH and IL-6 were also significantly reduced after briquetting and carbonization. This underscores the necessity of fuel treatment for reducing cytotoxicity. The crucial chemical components that contributed to cell oxidative and inflammatory responses were identified, including organic and elemental carbon, water-soluble ions (e.g., K+, Mg2+, and Ca2+), metals (e.g., Fe, Cr, and Ni), and high-molecular-weight PAHs. This study elucidated the similarities and differences of PM2.5 emissions and cytotoxicity of three types of biomass fuel and demonstrated the positive effects of fuel treatment on reducing adverse pulmonary effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Niu
- School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Xinyao Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Hongmei Xu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Hongai Zhang
- Department of Neonatology, Shanghai General Hospital Affiliated To Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Jian Sun
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Kin-Fai Ho
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Hsiao-Chi Chuang
- School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Zhenxing Shen
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China.
| | - Junji Cao
- Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wang J, Jiang H, Chen Y, Han Y, Cai J, Peng Y, Feng Y. Emission characteristics and influencing mechanisms of PAHs and EC from the combustion of three components (cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin) of biomasses. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 859:160359. [PMID: 36423835 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Biomass burning is an important source of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and elemental carbon (EC), but the formation mechanisms are still unclear. Cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin are the three major components of biomass. In this study, the three-components extracted from three typical biomass raw materials were used for laboratory combustion experiments, to investigate the differences in the emission factors and chemical compositions of PAHs and EC. The average emission factors of the 16 kinds of PAHs were showing as lignin (135 ± 180 mg/kg) > cellulose (97.8 ± 124 mg/kg) > hemicellulose (48.9 ± 65.2 mg/kg), and the average emission factors of EC presented in the descending order of cellulose (1.65 ± 3.02 g/kg), lignin (1.30 ± 1.04 g/kg), and hemicellulose (0.450 ± 0.480 g/kg), respectively. The proportion of naphthalene emitted from cellulose and hemicellulose combustion is higher, while fluoranthene and pyrene accounted significantly higher proportion for lignin. Moreover, the influence of ignition temperature and oxygen content on the emission characteristics of PAHs and EC were also discussed. The influence of ignition temperature on the emission of EC and PAHs is more significant compared to oxygen content, because it obviously promoted the PAHs and EC formations through resonance-stabilized hydrocarbon-radical chain reaction (RSR) pathway. However, correlation analysis combined with cluster analysis showed that the RSR-pathway probably had different effects on PAH growth for the three-components, as the indene-involved RSR-pathway were mainly related to 4-6 ring PAHs for cellulose and lignin (except fluoranthene and pyrene), but 2-4 ring PAHs for hemicellulose. We also found that the fitted results according to the proportion of three-components were significantly higher than the measured values of raw materials for indene, medium-molecular-weight PAHs, and soot-EC. These results presented the different formation pathways for medium-molecular-weight PAHs and the two EC components emitted by biomass combustion, which are worthy of further studies in exploring the generation mechanisms of PAHs and EC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junhan Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Hongxing Jiang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yingjun Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Yong Han
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Junjie Cai
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yu Peng
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yanli Feng
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Luo M, Liu T, Ma C, Fang J, Zhao Z, Wen Y, Xia Y, Zhao Y, Ji C. Household polluting cooking fuels and adverse birth outcomes: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Public Health 2023; 11:978556. [PMID: 36935726 PMCID: PMC10020710 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.978556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aim The current study aimed to clarify the association between household polluting cooking fuels and adverse birth outcomes using previously published articles. Methods In this systematic review and meta-analysis, a systematic literature search in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus databases were undertaken for relevant studies that had been published from inception to 16 January 2023. We calculated the overall odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for adverse birth outcomes [low birth weight (LBW), small for gestational age (SGA), stillbirth, and preterm birth (PTB)] associated with polluting cooking fuels (biomass, coal, and kerosene). Subgroup analysis and meta-regression were also conducted. Results We included 16 cross-sectional, five case-control, and 11 cohort studies in the review. Polluting cooking fuels were found to be associated with LBW (OR: 1.37, 95% CI: 1.24, 1.52), SGA (OR: 1.48, 95% CI: 1.13, 1.94), stillbirth (OR: 1.38, 95% CI: 1.23, 1.55), and PTB (OR: 1.27, 95% CI: 1.19, 1.36). The results of most of the subgroup analyses were consistent with the main results. In the meta-regression of LBW, study design (cohort study: P < 0.01; cross-sectional study: P < 0.01) and sample size (≥ 1000: P < 0.01) were the covariates associated with heterogeneity. Cooking fuel types (mixed fuel: P < 0.05) were the potentially heterogeneous source in the SGA analysis. Conclusion The use of household polluting cooking fuels could be associated with LBW, SGA, stillbirth, and PTB. The limited literature, observational study design, exposure and outcome assessment, and residual confounding suggest that further strong epidemiological evidence with improved and standardized data was required to assess health risks from particular fuels and technologies utilized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengrui Luo
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Tiancong Liu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Changcheng Ma
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jianwei Fang
- Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhiying Zhao
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yu Wen
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yang Xia
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuhong Zhao
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Yuhong Zhao
| | - Chao Ji
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Chao Ji
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Mutlu E, Cristy T, Stiffler B, Waidyanatha S, Chartier R, Jetter J, Krantz T, Shen G, Champion W, Miller B, Richey J, Burback B, Rider CV. Do Storage Conditions Affect Collected Cookstove Emission Samples? Implications for Field Studies. ANAL LETT 2022; 56:1911-1931. [PMID: 37200484 PMCID: PMC10054858 DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2022.2150772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Cookstove emissions are a significant source of indoor air pollution in developing countries and rural communities world-wide. Considering that many research sites for evaluating cookstove emissions and interventions are remote and require potentially lengthy periods of particulate matter (PM) filter sample storage in sub-optimal conditions (e.g., lack of cold storage), an important question is whether samples collected in the field are stable over time. To investigate this, red oak was burned in a natural-draft stove, and fine PM (PM2.5) was collected on polytetrafluoroethylene filters. Filters were stored at either ambient temperature or more optimal conditions (-20°C or -80°C) for up to 3 months and extracted. The effects of storage temperature and length on stability were evaluated for measurements of extractable organic matter (EOM), PM2.5, and polycyclic aromatic compound (PAC) levels in the filter extracts. A parallel, controlled laboratory condition was also evaluated to further explore sources of variability. In general, PM2.5 and EOM in both simulated field and laboratory samples were similar regardless of the storage condition or duration. The extracts were also analyzed by gas chromatography to quantify 22 PACs and determine similarities and/or differences between the conditions. PAC levels were a more sensitive stability measure in differentiating between storage conditions. The findings suggest that measurements are relatively consistent across storage duration/temperatures for filter samples with relatively low EOM levels. This study aims to inform protocols and filter storage procedures for exposure and intervention research conducted in low- and middle-income countries where studies may be budget- and infrastructure-limited.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Esra Mutlu
- Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, U.S. EPA, RTP, NC, USA
- Division of the Translational Toxicology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | | | | | - Suramya Waidyanatha
- Division of the Translational Toxicology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | | | - Jim Jetter
- Center for Environmental Measurement and Modelling, U.S. EPA, RTP, NC, USA
| | - Todd Krantz
- Center for Environmental Measurement and Modelling, U.S. EPA, RTP, NC, USA
| | - Guofeng Shen
- Center for Environmental Measurement and Modelling, U.S. EPA, RTP, NC, USA
| | - Wyatt Champion
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE) Postdoctoral Fellow at U.S. EPA, Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Measurement and Modelling, RTP, NC, USA
| | | | | | | | - Cynthia V. Rider
- Division of the Translational Toxicology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Yang Y, Si W, Peng Y, Wang Y, Liu H, Su Z, Li J. Defect Engineering on CuMn 2O 4 Spinel Surface: A New Path to High-Performance Oxidation Catalysts. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:16249-16258. [PMID: 36305714 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c04858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Catalytic combustion is an efficient method to eliminate CO and volatile organic compound (VOC) pollutants. CuMn2O4 spinel is a high-performance non-noble metal oxide catalyst for catalytic combustion and has the potential to replace noble metal catalysts. In order to further improve the catalytic activity of CuMn2O4 spinel, we propose a simple and low-cost approach to introduce numerous oxygen and metal vacancies simultaneously in situ on the CuMn2O4 spinel surface for the catalytic combustion of CO and VOCs. Alkali treatment was used to generate oxygen vacancies (VO), copper vacancies (VCu), and novel active sites (VO combines with Mn2O3 at the interface between Mn2O3(222) and CuMn2O4(311)) on the CuMn2O4 spinel surface. In the catalytic combustion of CO and VOCs, the vacancies and new active sites showed high activity and stability. The oxidation rate of CO increased by 4.13 times at 160 °C, and that of toluene increased by 11.63 times at 250 °C. Oxygen is easier to adsorb and dissociate on VO and novel sites, and the dissociated oxygen also more easily participates in the oxidation reaction. Furthermore, the lattice oxygen at VCu more readily participates in the oxidation reaction. This strategy is beneficial for the development of defect engineering on spinel surfaces and provides a new idea for improving the catalytic combustion activity of CuMn2O4 spinel.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wenzhe Si
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yue Peng
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yu Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China
| | - Hao Liu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ziang Su
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Junhua Li
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kazemi Z, Jonidi Jafari A, Kermani M, Rezaei Kalantary R. Acetaldehyde vapors removal from the air using a glass substrate coated with MOF nanoparticles under visible light. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2022.109950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
12
|
Augustin LM, Vertomene ST, Bernard NN, Sadiki A, Haddy MK. A New Perspective on Cooking Stove Loss Coefficient Assessment by Means of the Second Law Analysis. ENTROPY 2022; 24:e24081019. [PMID: 35892999 PMCID: PMC9394332 DOI: 10.3390/e24081019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The chimney effect taking place in biomass cooking stoves results from a conversion process between thermal and mechanical energy. The efficiency of this conversion is assessed with the stove loss coefficient. The derivation of this quantity in cooking stove modelling is still uncertain. Following fluid mechanics, this loss coefficient refers to an overall pressure drop through stove geometry by performing an energy balance according to the first law of thermodynamics. From this approach, heat-transfer processes are quite ignored yet they are important sources of irreversibilities. The present work takes a fresh look at stove loss coefficient assessment relying on the second law of thermodynamics. The purpose in this paper is to identify the influence of operating firepower level on flow dynamics in biomass natural convection-driven cooking stoves. To achieve that, a simplified analytical model of the entropy-generation rate in the flow field is developed. To validate the model, experiments are conducted first on a woodburning stove without cooking pot to better isolate physical processes governing the intrinsic behaviour of the stove. Then, for the practical case of a stove operating with a cooking pot in place, data from published literature have served for validation. In particular, mass-flow rate and flue gas temperature at different firepower levels have been monitored. It turns out that losses due to viscous dissipations are negligible compared to the global process dissipation. Exergy analysis reveals that the loss coefficient should rather be regarded from now as the availability to generate flow work primarily associated with the heat-transfer Carnot factor. In addition, the energy flux applied as flow work has to be considered as pure exergy that is lost through consecutive energy-transfer components comprising the convective heat transfer to the cooking pot. Finally, this paper reports a satisfactory agreement that emerged between the exergy Carnot factor and the experimental loss coefficient at different fuel-burning rates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lomena Mulenda Augustin
- Centre de Recherche en Energies Renouvelables, Faculté Polytechnique, Université de Kinshasa, Avenue de l’Université N° 01, Commune de Lemba, BP 127 Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo or (L.M.A.); (S.T.V.); (M.K.H.)
- Centre d’Etudes et de Recherches sur les Energies Renouvelables Kitsisa-Khonde (CERERK), ISTA-Kinshasa, Avenue Aérodrome N° 3930, Commune de Barumbu, BP 6593 Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo;
| | - Sumuna Temo Vertomene
- Centre de Recherche en Energies Renouvelables, Faculté Polytechnique, Université de Kinshasa, Avenue de l’Université N° 01, Commune de Lemba, BP 127 Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo or (L.M.A.); (S.T.V.); (M.K.H.)
| | - Ndaye Nkanka Bernard
- Centre d’Etudes et de Recherches sur les Energies Renouvelables Kitsisa-Khonde (CERERK), ISTA-Kinshasa, Avenue Aérodrome N° 3930, Commune de Barumbu, BP 6593 Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo;
| | - Amsini Sadiki
- Institute for Energy and Power Plant Technology, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
- Laboratoire de Modélisation Mécanique, Energétique et Matériaux, ISTA-Kinshasa, Avenue Aérodrome N° 3930, Commune de Barumbu, BP 6593 Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Institute for Reactive Flows and Diagnostics (RSM), Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-6151-16-28914/+49-6071-39-2212
| | - Mbuyi Katshiatshia Haddy
- Centre de Recherche en Energies Renouvelables, Faculté Polytechnique, Université de Kinshasa, Avenue de l’Université N° 01, Commune de Lemba, BP 127 Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo or (L.M.A.); (S.T.V.); (M.K.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Sun C, Zhao L, Chen X, Nie L, Shi A, Bai H, Li G. A comprehensive study of volatile organic compounds from the actual emission of Chinese cooking. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:53821-53830. [PMID: 35292894 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19342-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
China's current perspective for big cities was filled with great population, great number of restaurants, growing gaseous pollutants, and great pollution. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were the main components of catering industry gaseous pollutants. In this study, we collected and analyzed VOCs from home cooking (HC), Sichuan and Hunan cuisine (S&H), Shandong cuisine (SD), Anhui cuisine (AH), Beijing cuisine (BJ), and barbecue (BBQ). The result showed that BBQ gave the highest VOC concentration (6287.61 μg m-3), followed by HC (1806.11 ± 2401.85 μg m-3), SD (2238.55 ± 2413.53 μg m-3), AH (1745.89 μg m-3), S&H (1373.58 ± 1457.45 μg m-3), and BJ (288.81 μg m-3). The abundance of alkane was higher among BBQ, Anhui cuisine, and HC with the proportion from 33 to 71%. SD contained higher halohydrocarbons proportion (33%). BJ was characterized by high-oxygenated volatile organic compounds proportion (50%). The ozone formation potential (OFP) of BBQ was much greater than other cuisines. The degree of stench pollution from cooking VOCs of HC was 17.51 ± 16.95, followed by S&H (15.77 ± 16.85), SD (15.12 ± 14.17), AH (16.29), BBQ (2.58), and BJ (1.81). Benzene had the highest life cancer risk (LCR) in SD (2.11×10-5 ± 3.12×10-5), following HC (4.50×10-6 ± 3.83×10-6) and S&H (4.08×10-6 ± 4.49×10-6). Acrolein had a high hazard index (HI) in HC (789.81 ± 768.77), following AH (728.78), S&H (689.89 ± 776.07), SD (664.29 ± 648.77), BBQ (65.93), and BJ (62.84).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chengyi Sun
- National Engineering Research Center of Urban Environmental Pollution Control, Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Atmospheric Volatile Organic Compounds Pollution Control and Application, Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Environmental Protection, Beijing, 100037, People's Republic of China
| | - Liyun Zhao
- National Engineering Research Center of Urban Environmental Pollution Control, Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Atmospheric Volatile Organic Compounds Pollution Control and Application, Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Environmental Protection, Beijing, 100037, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Chen
- National Engineering Research Center of Urban Environmental Pollution Control, Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Atmospheric Volatile Organic Compounds Pollution Control and Application, Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Environmental Protection, Beijing, 100037, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Nie
- National Engineering Research Center of Urban Environmental Pollution Control, Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Atmospheric Volatile Organic Compounds Pollution Control and Application, Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Environmental Protection, Beijing, 100037, People's Republic of China
| | - Aijun Shi
- National Engineering Research Center of Urban Environmental Pollution Control, Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Atmospheric Volatile Organic Compounds Pollution Control and Application, Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Environmental Protection, Beijing, 100037, People's Republic of China
| | - Huahua Bai
- National Engineering Research Center of Urban Environmental Pollution Control, Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Atmospheric Volatile Organic Compounds Pollution Control and Application, Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Environmental Protection, Beijing, 100037, People's Republic of China.
| | - Guoao Li
- National Engineering Research Center of Urban Environmental Pollution Control, Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Atmospheric Volatile Organic Compounds Pollution Control and Application, Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Environmental Protection, Beijing, 100037, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Gastric cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths globally. Several modifiable environmental factors have been linked to gastric carcinogenesis but in many cases, evidence is either weak or fragmented. In this review, we interrogate the latest evidence implicating environmental factors in the development of gastric cancer. RECENT FINDINGS We are writing this review at a time when technological advancements are enabling scientists to effectively conduct large epidemiological studies with better tools for exposure estimations. We have highlighted risk factors that do not yet have enough evidence to be included as definite carcinogens in the International Agency for Research on Cancer monographs but have the potential for inclusion in the near future. Considered in our review are the links between gastric cancer and exposure to biomass smoke, particulate matter, occupational hazards and water contamination. SUMMARY This review illustrates the need for vigilance as evidence linking gastric cancer to various environmental factors is mounting. Many of these factors are modifiable, allowing for preventive strategies that could further decrease the global burden of gastric cancer.
Collapse
|
15
|
Shen H, Luo Z, Xiong R, Liu X, Zhang L, Li Y, Du W, Chen Y, Cheng H, Shen G, Tao S. A critical review of pollutant emission factors from fuel combustion in home stoves. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 157:106841. [PMID: 34438232 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A large population does not have access to modern household energy and relies on solid fuels such as coal and biomass fuels. Burning of these solid fuels in low-efficiency home stoves produces high amounts of multiple air pollutants, causing severe air pollution and adverse health outcomes. In evaluating impacts on human health and climate, it is critical to understand the formation and emission processes of air pollutants from these combustion sources. Air pollutant emission factors (EFs) from indoor solid fuel combustion usually highly vary among different testing protocols, fuel-stove systems, sampling and analysis instruments, and environmental conditions. In this critical review, we focus on the latest developments in pollutant emission factor studies, with emphases on the difference between lab and field studies, fugitive emission quantification, and factors that contribute to variabilities in EFs. Field studies are expected to provide more realistic EFs for emission inventories since lab studies typically do not simulate real-world burning conditions well. However, the latter has considerable advantages in evaluating formation mechanisms and variational influencing factors in observed pollutant EFs. One main challenge in field emission measurement is the suitable emission sampling system. Reasons for the field and lab differences have yet to be fully elucidated, and operator behavior can have a significant impact on such differences. Fuel properties and stove designs affect emissions, and the variations are complexly affected by several factors. Stove classification is a challenge in the comparison of EF results from different studies. Lab- and field-based methods for quantifying fugitive emissions, as an important contributor to indoor air pollution, have been developed, and priority work is to develop a database covering different fuel-stove combinations. Studies on the dynamics of the combustion process and evolution of air pollutant formation and emissions are scarce, and these factors should be an important aspect of future work.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huizhong Shen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zhihan Luo
- Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Rui Xiong
- Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xinlei Liu
- Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yaojie Li
- Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wei Du
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yuanchen Chen
- College of Environment, Research Centre of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Hefa Cheng
- Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Guofeng Shen
- Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Shu Tao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Health Risk Assessment of Toxic and Harmful Air Pollutants Discharged by a Petrochemical Company in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region of China. ATMOSPHERE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos12121604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Monitoring of toxic and hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) in a petrochemical company in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region of China to assess the impact of HAPs on the health risks of workers in the petrochemical company. The samples were tested by solid-phase adsorption thermal desorption/gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HJ734-2014), and the pollutant emission list was obtained. According to the pollutant emission inventory, it can be seen that benzene, toluene and xylene are the main components of toxic and harmful air pollutants emitted by the petrochemical enterprise. The method of combining actual monitoring and CALPUFF model prediction was used to evaluate the impact of the toxic and harmful air pollutants emitted by the enterprise on the health of workers. The risk characterization results show that when benzene is the maximum concentration value predicted by the model, it will pose a carcinogenic risk to the factory workers. Therefore, based on the results of this study, it is recommended not to allow residents to live within the predicted concentration range of the model. The results of this study can enable China’s oil refining industry to better understand the characteristics of pollutant emissions from petrochemical companies in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. Moreover, the results of this study can be used as a policy basis for improving the health of workers in petrochemical enterprises, and are of great significance to the protection of public health.
Collapse
|
17
|
Champion WM, Hays MD, Williams C, Virtaranta L, Barnes M, Preston W, Jetter JJ. Cookstove Emissions and Performance Evaluation Using a New ISO Protocol and Comparison of Results with Previous Test Protocols. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:15333-15342. [PMID: 34714622 PMCID: PMC8855438 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c03390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In 2018, the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 19867-1 "Harmonized laboratory test protocols" were released for establishing improved quality and comparability for data on cookstove air pollutant emissions, efficiency, safety, and durability. This is the first study that compares emissions [carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, total hydrocarbons, methane, nitrogen oxides, fine particulate matter (PM2.5), organic carbon, elemental carbon, and ultrafine particles] and efficiency data between the ISO protocol and the Water Boiling Test (WBT). The study examines six stove/fuel combinations [liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), pellet, wood fan, wood rocket, three stone fire, and charcoal] tested in the same US EPA laboratory. Evaluation of the ISO protocol shows improvements over previous test protocols and that results are relatively consistent with former WBT data in terms of tier ratings for emissions and efficiency, as defined by the ISO 19867-3 "Voluntary Performance Targets." Most stove types remain similarly ranked using ISO and WBT protocols, except charcoal and LPG are in higher PM2.5 tiers with the ISO protocol. Additionally, emissions data including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are utilized to compare between the ISO and Firepower Sweep Test (FST) protocols. Compared to the FST, the ISO protocol results in generally higher PM2.5 tier ratings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wyatt M. Champion
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE) Postdoctoral Fellow at U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Air Methods and Characterization Division, 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Michael D. Hays
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Air Methods and Characterization Division, 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
| | | | - Larry Virtaranta
- Jacobs Technology Inc., 600 William Northern Boulevard, Tullahoma, TN 37388, USA
| | - Mark Barnes
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Air Methods and Characterization Division, 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
| | | | - James J. Jetter
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Air Methods and Characterization Division, 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Blount RJ, Phan H, Trinh T, Dang H, Merrifield C, Zavala M, Zabner J, Comellas AP, Stapleton EM, Segal MR, Balmes J, Nhung NV, Nahid P. Indoor Air Pollution and Susceptibility to Tuberculosis Infection in Urban Vietnamese Children. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2021; 204:1211-1221. [PMID: 34343025 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202101-0136oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE The Southeast Asian tuberculosis burden is high, and it remains unclear if urban indoor air pollution in this setting is exacerbating the epidemic. OBJECTIVES To determine the associations of latent tuberculosis with common urban indoor air pollution sources (secondhand smoke, indoor motorcycle emissions, and cooking) in Southeast Asia. METHODS We enrolled child household contacts of patients with microbiologically confirmed active tuberculosis in Vietnam, July 2017-December 2019. We tested children for latent tuberculosis and evaluated air pollution exposures with questionnaires and personal aerosol sampling. We tested hypotheses using generalized estimating equations. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS We enrolled 72 tuberculosis patients (27% with cavitary disease) and 109 of their child household contacts. Of household contacts, 58 (53%) were diagnosed with latent tuberculosis at baseline visit. Children experienced a 2.56-fold increased odds of latent tuberculosis for each additional household member who smoked (95%CI 1.27-5.16). Odds were highest among children exposed to indoor smokers and children under five years old exposed to household smokers. Each residential floor above street-level pollution decreased the odds of latent tuberculosis by 36% (aOR 0.64, 95%CI 0.42-0.96). Motorcycles parked inside children's homes and cooking with liquid petroleum gas compared to electricity increased the odds of latent tuberculosis while kitchen ventilation decreased the effect, but these findings were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION Common urban indoor air pollution sources were associated with increased odds of latent tuberculosis infection in child household contacts of active tuberculosis patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Blount
- UI Carver College of Medicine, 12243, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, United States;
| | - Ha Phan
- Vietnam National Tuberculosis Program - University of California San Francisco Research Collaboration Unit, Hanoi, Viet Nam.,Center for Promotion of Advancement of Society, Vietnam, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Trang Trinh
- Vietnam National Tuberculosis Program - University of California San Francisco Research Collaboration Unit, Hanoi, Viet Nam.,Center for Promotion of Advancement of Society, Vietnam, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Hai Dang
- Vietnam National Tuberculosis Program - University of California San Francisco Research Collaboration Unit, Hanoi, Viet Nam.,Center for Promotion of Advancement of Society, Vietnam, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Cindy Merrifield
- University of California San Francisco, 8785, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, San Francisco, California, United States.,University of California San Francisco, 8785, Center for Tuberculosis, San Francisco, California, United States.,Vietnam National Tuberculosis Program - University of California San Francisco Research Collaboration Unit, San Francisco, California, United States
| | - Michael Zavala
- UI Carver College of Medicine, 12243, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
| | - Joseph Zabner
- UI Carver College of Medicine, 12243, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
| | - Alejandro P Comellas
- University of Iowa, 4083, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
| | - Emma M Stapleton
- UI Carver College of Medicine, 12243, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
| | - Mark R Segal
- University of California San Francisco, 8785, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, San Francisco, California, United States
| | - John Balmes
- University of California, Berkeley, Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Berkeley, California, United States.,University of California, San Francisco, Department of Medicine, San Francisco, California, United States
| | - Nguyen Viet Nhung
- Vietnam National Tuberculosis Program - University of California San Francisco Research Collaboration Unit, Hanoi, Viet Nam.,Vietnam National Tuberculosis Program, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Payam Nahid
- University of California San Francisco, 8785, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, San Francisco, California, United States.,University of California San Francisco, 8785, Center for Turberculosis, San Francisco, California, United States.,Vietnam National Tuberculosis Program - University of California San Francisco Research Collaboration Unit, San Francisco, United States
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zeng S, Li L. WITHDRAWN: Environmental pollution and health risk assessment of chemical laboratories in colleges and universities. Work 2021:WOR205346. [PMID: 34275917 DOI: 10.3233/wor-205346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ahead of Print article withdrawn by publisher.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Zeng
- School of Economics and Management, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Li
- School of Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Gupta A, Naved MM, Kumbhare H, Bherwani H, Das D, Labhsetwar N. Impact assessment of clean cookstove intervention in Gujarat, India: a potential case for corporate social responsibility (CSR) funding. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:12740-12752. [PMID: 33090342 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11011-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to indoor air pollutants released from traditional cookstoves in rural Indian households is a matter of great concern. While there are various studies over several decades focused towards intervention strategies for reducing air pollutants, limited literature exists towards the identification of appropriate methodology for feasible intervention, adoption and usage of improved cookstoves (ICS). In the present study, PM2.5 and CO microenvironment concentrations are estimated in households using traditional and improved cookstove (NEERDHUR). The reduction in PM2.5 and CO microenvironment concentrations after the introduction of ICS was found to be 89-94% and 35-57%, respectively. Information-education-communication (IEC) activity was used as a tool to increase the adoption and usage rate in the ICS using households. The cost-benefit analysis was also performed to check the benefits of ICS use, and the benefit-cost ratio was found to be 3 to 4 times. Findings of the study suggest that, although the ICS intervention could significantly improve the indoor air quality, however, it fails to comply with the permissible safe limits; further focus on greener fuels and ventilation characteristics is suggested. The outcomes from the study can help decision-makers, corporate social responsibility fund mobilizers and policymakers for effective policy advocacy to design efforts by promoting clean cooking interventions and linking and mapping these with national missions and flagship programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Gupta
- Energy and Resource Management Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Nagpur, Maharashtra, 440020, India.
- Director's Research Cell, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Nagpur, Maharashtra, 440020, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Human Resource Development Centre, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India.
| | - Mohd Mubashshir Naved
- Energy and Resource Management Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Nagpur, Maharashtra, 440020, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Human Resource Development Centre, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India
| | - Himanshu Kumbhare
- Energy and Resource Management Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Nagpur, Maharashtra, 440020, India
| | - Hemant Bherwani
- Director's Research Cell, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Nagpur, Maharashtra, 440020, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Human Resource Development Centre, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India
| | - Darpan Das
- Energy and Resource Management Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Nagpur, Maharashtra, 440020, India.
| | - Nitin Labhsetwar
- Energy and Resource Management Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Nagpur, Maharashtra, 440020, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Human Resource Development Centre, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Cole-Hunter T, Dhingra R, Fedak KM, Good N, L'Orange C, Luckasen G, Mehaffy J, Walker E, Wilson A, Balmes J, Brook RD, Clark ML, Devlin RB, Volckens J, Peel JL. Short-term differences in cardiac function following controlled exposure to cookstove air pollution: The subclinical tests on volunteers exposed to smoke (STOVES) study. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 146:106254. [PMID: 33221594 PMCID: PMC7775898 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to household air pollution from solid fuel combustion for cooking and heating is an important risk factor for premature death and disability worldwide. Current evidence supports an association of ambient air pollution with cardiovascular disease but is limited for household air pollution and for cardiac function. Controlled exposure studies can complement evidence provided by field studies. OBJECTIVES To investigate effects of short-term, controlled exposures to emissions from five cookstoves on measures of cardiac function. METHODS Forty-eight healthy adults (46% female; 20-36 years) participated in six, 2-h exposures ('treatments'), including emissions from five cookstoves and a filtered-air control. Target fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure-concentrations per treatment were: control, 0 µg/m3; liquefied petroleum gas, 10 µg/m3; gasifier, 35 µg/m3; fan rocket, 100 µg/m3; rocket elbow, 250 µg/m3; and three stone fire, 500 µg/m3. Participants were treated in a set (pre-randomized) sequence as groups of 4 to minimize order bias and time-varying confounders. Heart rate variability (HRV) and cardiac repolarization metrics were calculated as 5-min means immediately and at 3 h following treatment, for analysis in linear mixed-effects models comparing cookstove to control. RESULTS Short-term differences in SDNN (standard deviation of duration of all NN intervals) and VLF (very-low frequency power) existed for several cookstoves compared to control. While all cookstoves compared to control followed a similar trend for SDNN, the greatest effect was seen immediately following three stone fire (β = -0.13 ms {%}; 95% confidence interval = -0.22, -0.03%), which reversed in direction at 3 h (0.03%; -0.06, 0.13%). VLF results were similar in direction and timing to SDNN; however, other HRV or cardiac repolarization results were not similar to those for SDNN. DISCUSSION We observed some evidence of short-term, effects on HRV immediately following cookstove treatments compared to control. Our results suggest that cookstoves with lower PM2.5 emissions are potentially capable of affecting cardiac function, similar to stoves emitting higher PM2.5 emissions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tom Cole-Hunter
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA; Centre for Air Pollution, Energy, and Health Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Radhika Dhingra
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina, NC, USA; Environmental Public Health Division, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kristen M Fedak
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Nicholas Good
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Christian L'Orange
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | | | - John Mehaffy
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Ethan Walker
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Ander Wilson
- Department of Statistics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - John Balmes
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Robert D Brook
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Maggie L Clark
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Robert B Devlin
- Environmental Public Health Division, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - John Volckens
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Jennifer L Peel
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Kephart JL, Fandiño-Del-Rio M, Williams KN, Malpartida G, Lee A, Steenland K, Naeher LP, Gonzales GF, Chiang M, Checkley W, Koehler K. Nitrogen dioxide exposures from LPG stoves in a cleaner-cooking intervention trial. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 146:106196. [PMID: 33160161 PMCID: PMC8173774 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) stoves have been promoted in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) as a clean energy alternative to biomass burning cookstoves. OBJECTIVE We sought to characterize kitchen area concentrations and personal exposures to nitrogen dioxide (NO2) within a randomized controlled trial in the Peruvian Andes. The intervention included the provision of an LPG stove and continuous fuel distribution with behavioral messaging to maximize compliance. METHODS We measured 48-hour kitchen area NO2 concentrations at high temporal resolution in homes of 50 intervention participants and 50 control participants longitudinally within a biomass-to-LPG intervention trial. We also collected 48-hour mean personal exposures to NO2 among a subsample of 16 intervention and 9 control participants. We monitored LPG and biomass stove use continuously throughout the trial. RESULTS In 367 post-intervention 24-hour kitchen area samples of 96 participants' homes, geometric mean (GM) highest hourly NO2 concentration was 138 ppb (geometric standard deviation [GSD] 2.1) in the LPG intervention group and 450 ppb (GSD 3.1) in the biomass control group. Post-intervention 24-hour mean NO2 concentrations were a GM of 43 ppb (GSD 1.7) in the intervention group and 77 ppb (GSD 2.0) in the control group. Kitchen area NO2 concentrations exceeded the WHO indoor hourly guideline an average of 1.3 h per day among LPG intervention participants. GM 48-hour personal exposure to NO2 was 5 ppb (GSD 2.4) among 35 48-hour samples of 16 participants in the intervention group and 16 ppb (GSD 2.3) among 21 samples of 9 participants in the control group. DISCUSSION In a biomass-to-LPG intervention trial in Peru, kitchen area NO2 concentrations were substantially lower within the LPG intervention group compared to the biomass-using control group. However, within the LPG intervention group, 69% of 24-hour kitchen area samples exceeded WHO indoor annual guidelines and 47% of samples exceeded WHO indoor hourly guidelines. Forty-eight-hour NO2 personal exposure was below WHO indoor annual guidelines for most participants in the LPG intervention group, and we did not measure personal exposure at high temporal resolution to assess exposure to cooking-related indoor concentration peaks. Further research is warranted to understand the potential health risks of LPG-related NO2 emissions and inform current campaigns which promote LPG as a clean-cooking option.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Josiah L Kephart
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Center for Global Non-Communicable Disease Research and Training, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Magdalena Fandiño-Del-Rio
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Center for Global Non-Communicable Disease Research and Training, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kendra N Williams
- Center for Global Non-Communicable Disease Research and Training, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Gary Malpartida
- Molecular Biology and Immunology Laboratory, Research Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Department of Cell and Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Philosophy, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru; Biomedical Research Unit, Asociación Benéfica PRISMA, Lima, Peru
| | | | - Kyle Steenland
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Luke P Naeher
- Department of Environmental Health Science, College of Public Health, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Gustavo F Gonzales
- Laboratories of Investigation and Development, Department of Biological and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Philosophy, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru; High Altitude Research Institute, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Marilu Chiang
- Biomedical Research Unit, Asociación Benéfica PRISMA, Lima, Peru
| | - William Checkley
- Center for Global Non-Communicable Disease Research and Training, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Program in Global Disease Epidemiology and Control, Department of International Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Kirsten Koehler
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Champion WM, Warren SH, Kooter IM, Preston W, Krantz QT, DeMarini DM, Jetter JJ. Mutagenicity- and pollutant-emission factors of pellet-fueled gasifier cookstoves: Comparison with other combustion sources. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 739:139488. [PMID: 32526531 PMCID: PMC7676151 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Emissions from solid-fuel burning cookstoves are associated with 3 to 4 million premature deaths annually and contribute significantly to impacts on climate. Pellet-fueled gasifier stoves have some emission factors (EFs) approaching those of gas-fuel (liquid petroleum gas) stoves; however, their emissions have not been evaluated for biological effects. Here we used a new International Organization for Standardization (ISO) testing protocol to determine pollutant- and mutagenicity-EFs for a stove designed for pellet fuel, the Mimi Moto, and for two other forced-draft stoves, Xunda and Philips HD4012, burning pellets of hardwood or peanut hulls. The Salmonella assay-based mutagenicity-EFs (revertants/megajouledelivered) spanned three orders of magnitude and correlated highly (r = 0.99; n = 5) with EFs of the sum of 32 particle-phase polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The Mimi Moto/hardwood pellet combination had total-PAH- and mutagenicity-EFs 99.2 and 96.6% lower, respectively, compared to data published previously for the Philips stove burning non-pelletized hardwood, and 100 and 99.8% lower, respectively, compared to those of a wood-fueled three-stone fire. The Xunda burning peanut hull pellets had the highest fuel energy-based mutagenicity-EF (revertants/megajoulethermal) of the pellet stove/fuel combinations tested, which was between that of diesel exhaust, a known human carcinogen, and a natural-draft wood stove. Although the Mimi Moto burning hardwood pellets had the lowest fuel energy-based mutagenicity-EF, this value was between that of utility coal and utility wood boilers. This advanced stove/fuel combination has the potential to greatly reduce emissions in contrast to a traditional stove, but adequate ventilation is required to approach acceptable levels of indoor air quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wyatt M Champion
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States.
| | - Sarah H Warren
- Biomolecular and Computational Toxicology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Ingeborg M Kooter
- Department of Environmental Modelling, Sensing and Analyses, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Q Todd Krantz
- Biomolecular and Computational Toxicology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - David M DeMarini
- Biomolecular and Computational Toxicology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - James J Jetter
- Air Methods and Characterization Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Liu X, Lu K, Liu W, Li Z, Wong MS, Wang D, Gong Z, Fan M. Multi-wavelength UV imaging detection system applied for varying environmental conditions: Detection of SO2 as an example. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2019.104395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
25
|
Zhao N, Li B, Chen D, Ahmad R, Zhu Y, Li G, Yu Z, Li J, Wang E, Yun S, Yoon H, Yoon I, Zhou Y, Dong R, Wang H, Cao J, He J, Ju X. Direct combustion of waste oil in domestic stove by an internal heat re-circulation atomization technology: Emission and performance analysis. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2020; 104:20-32. [PMID: 31958662 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2020.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Revised: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Direct use of waste oil as fuel to meet the residential energy demands, is very attractive due to its potentials to decrease fossil fuel consumption, reduce pollution and increase sustainability. This paper uses a domestic stove with an internal heat re-circulation and self-atomization technology to burn yellow waste cooking oil (WCO-1), brown waste cooking oil (WCO-2) and waste lubricant oil (WLO). Emission factors (EFs), energy efficiency and modified combustion efficiency (MCE) of this combined fuel/stove system were determined under space-heating and cooking modes. The results showed that EFs of CO, PM2.5, total 16 PAHs and corresponding toxic equivalent quantity (TEQ) values ranged from 2.18 × 103 to 4.90 × 103 mg/MJnet, 16.36-69.40 mg/MJnet, 2.39-12.93 μg/MJnet and 0.16-0.92 μg of TEQ/MJnet. WCO-1 was verified to be the cleanest fuel with the highest energy efficiency (85.3 ± 3.3% and 90.4 ± 2.2%) and lowest emission levels, such as NO (53.75 ± 2.62 and 37.09 ± 5.41 mg/MJnet), NO2 (82.40 ± 3.96 and 56.87 ± 8.29 mg/MJnet) and PM2.5 (20.94 ± 6.55 and 16.35 ± 5.06 mg/MJnet) compared to WCO-2 and WLO. The estimated total cost of using waste oil for each household in winter was much cheaper than some current available clean energy means, including only USD$ 400 of stove price and USD$ 250/ton of fuel per year. It is a promising candidate choice for replacing low-quality solid fuels in rural China and 2.62 million rural households would achieve environmental and economic benefits if promoting direct combustion of waste oil for daily heating and cooking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhao
- Bioenergy and Environment Science & Technology Laboratory, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Clean Production and Utilization of Renewable Energy, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China; National Center for International Research of BioEnergy Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Bowen Li
- Bioenergy and Environment Science & Technology Laboratory, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Clean Production and Utilization of Renewable Energy, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China; National Center for International Research of BioEnergy Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Deying Chen
- Bioenergy and Environment Science & Technology Laboratory, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Clean Production and Utilization of Renewable Energy, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China; National Center for International Research of BioEnergy Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Riaz Ahmad
- Bioenergy and Environment Science & Technology Laboratory, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Clean Production and Utilization of Renewable Energy, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China; National Center for International Research of BioEnergy Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yingdan Zhu
- Bioenergy and Environment Science & Technology Laboratory, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Gang Li
- School of Material Science and Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Zhengping Yu
- Foshan Sanshui Clean Combustion Heating Technology Co., Ltd., No. 15 East Xile Avenue, Leping, Sanshui District, Foshan, Guangdong Province 528137, China; Foshan Zhengde Mechanical Equipment Co., Ltd., No. 2 Kaiyuanlu, Sanshui District, Foshan, Guangdong Province 528137, China
| | - Jinghao Li
- Foshan Sanshui Clean Combustion Heating Technology Co., Ltd., No. 15 East Xile Avenue, Leping, Sanshui District, Foshan, Guangdong Province 528137, China; Guangzhou Haixun Trading Co., Ltd., No. 202 Wanbo No. 2 Road, Nancun, Panyu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 511442, China
| | - Enlu Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, No, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Seongwan Yun
- Flint Lab Inc., 4F, Daehyun Bldg., 41-8, Gurodong-ro 43-gil, Guro-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyukjin Yoon
- Flint Lab Inc., 4F, Daehyun Bldg., 41-8, Gurodong-ro 43-gil, Guro-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Inseok Yoon
- Flint Lab Inc., 4F, Daehyun Bldg., 41-8, Gurodong-ro 43-gil, Guro-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuguang Zhou
- Bioenergy and Environment Science & Technology Laboratory, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Clean Production and Utilization of Renewable Energy, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China; National Center for International Research of BioEnergy Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Renjie Dong
- Bioenergy and Environment Science & Technology Laboratory, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Clean Production and Utilization of Renewable Energy, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China; National Center for International Research of BioEnergy Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, Beijing 100083, China; Yantai Institute, China Agricultural University, No. 2006 Binhai Zhonglu, Laishan District, Yantai, Shandong Province 264670, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Beijing Kunhe Environmental Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing 100055, China
| | - Jinxin Cao
- Inner Mongolia University, No. 24 Zhaojun Road, Yuquan District, Hohhot 010070, China
| | - Jing He
- Key Laboratory of Rural Renewable Energy Development and Application of the Ministry of Agriculture, Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610041, China.
| | - Xinxin Ju
- Shandong Sino-March Environmental Technology Co., Ltd., Yantai, Shandong Province 264006, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Cooking/Window Opening and Associated Increases of Indoor PM2.5 and NO2 Concentrations of Children’s Houses in Kaohsiung, Taiwan. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9204306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
High concentrations of air pollutants and increased morbidity and mortality rates are found in industrial areas, especially for the susceptible group, children; however, most studies use atmospheric dispersion modeling to estimate household air pollutants. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the indoor air quality, e.g., CO, CO2, NO2, SO2, O3, particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5), and their influence factors in children’s homes in an industrial city. Children in the “general school”, “traffic school”, and “industrial school” were randomly and proportionally selected. Air pollutants were sampled for 24 h in the living rooms and on the balcony of their houses and questionnaires of time–microenvironment–activity-diary were recorded. The indoor CO concentration of the traffic area was significantly higher than that of the industrial area and the general area. In regard to the effects of window opening, household NO2 and PM2.5 concentrations during window opening periods were significantly higher than of the reference periods. For the influence of cooking, indoor CO2, NO2, and PM2.5 levels during the cooking periods were significantly higher than that of the reference periods. The indoor air quality of children in industrial cities were affected by residential areas and household activities.
Collapse
|
27
|
Bilsback KR, Dahlke J, Fedak KM, Good N, Hecobian A, Herckes P, L'Orange C, Mehaffy J, Sullivan A, Tryner J, Van Zyl L, Walker ES, Zhou Y, Pierce JR, Wilson A, Peel JL, Volckens J. A Laboratory Assessment of 120 Air Pollutant Emissions from Biomass and Fossil Fuel Cookstoves. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:7114-7125. [PMID: 31132247 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b07019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Cookstoves emit many pollutants that are harmful to human health and the environment. However, most of the existing scientific literature focuses on fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and carbon monoxide (CO). We present an extensive data set of speciated air pollution emissions from wood, charcoal, kerosene, and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) cookstoves. One-hundred and twenty gas- and particle-phase constituents-including organic carbon, elemental carbon (EC), ultrafine particles (10-100 nm), inorganic ions, carbohydrates, and volatile/semivolatile organic compounds (e.g., alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, aromatics, carbonyls, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs))-were measured in the exhaust from 26 stove/fuel combinations. We find that improved biomass stoves tend to reduce PM2.5 emissions; however, certain design features (e.g., insulation or a fan) tend to increase relative levels of other coemitted pollutants (e.g., EC ultrafine particles, carbonyls, or PAHs, depending on stove type). In contrast, the pressurized kerosene and LPG stoves reduced all pollutants relative to a traditional three-stone fire (≥93% and ≥79%, respectively). Finally, we find that PM2.5 and CO are not strong predictors of coemitted pollutants, which is problematic because these pollutants may not be indicators of other cookstove smoke constituents (such as formaldehyde and acetaldehyde) that may be emitted at concentrations that are harmful to human health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey R Bilsback
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Colorado State University , 1374 Campus Delivery , Fort Collins , Colorado 80523 , United States
| | - Jordyn Dahlke
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Colorado State University , 1374 Campus Delivery , Fort Collins , Colorado 80523 , United States
| | - Kristen M Fedak
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences , Colorado State University , 1681 Campus Delivery , Fort Collins , Colorado 80523 , United States
| | - Nicholas Good
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences , Colorado State University , 1681 Campus Delivery , Fort Collins , Colorado 80523 , United States
| | - Arsineh Hecobian
- Department of Atmospheric Science , Colorado State University , 1371 Campus Delivery , Fort Collins , Colorado 80523 , United States
| | - Pierre Herckes
- School of Molecular Sciences , Arizona State University , 1604 Campus Delivery , Tempe , Arizona 85287 , United States
| | - Christian L'Orange
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Colorado State University , 1374 Campus Delivery , Fort Collins , Colorado 80523 , United States
| | - John Mehaffy
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Colorado State University , 1374 Campus Delivery , Fort Collins , Colorado 80523 , United States
| | - Amy Sullivan
- Department of Atmospheric Science , Colorado State University , 1371 Campus Delivery , Fort Collins , Colorado 80523 , United States
| | - Jessica Tryner
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Colorado State University , 1374 Campus Delivery , Fort Collins , Colorado 80523 , United States
| | - Lizette Van Zyl
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Colorado State University , 1374 Campus Delivery , Fort Collins , Colorado 80523 , United States
| | - Ethan S Walker
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences , Colorado State University , 1681 Campus Delivery , Fort Collins , Colorado 80523 , United States
| | - Yong Zhou
- Department of Atmospheric Science , Colorado State University , 1371 Campus Delivery , Fort Collins , Colorado 80523 , United States
| | - Jeffrey R Pierce
- Department of Atmospheric Science , Colorado State University , 1371 Campus Delivery , Fort Collins , Colorado 80523 , United States
| | - Ander Wilson
- Department of Statistics , Colorado State University , 1877 Campus Delivery , Fort Collins , Colorado 80523 , United States
| | - Jennifer L Peel
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences , Colorado State University , 1681 Campus Delivery , Fort Collins , Colorado 80523 , United States
| | - John Volckens
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Colorado State University , 1374 Campus Delivery , Fort Collins , Colorado 80523 , United States
| |
Collapse
|