1
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Pitt JR, Lopez-Coto I, Karion A, Hajny KD, Tomlin J, Kaeser R, Jayarathne T, Stirm BH, Floerchinger CR, Loughner CP, Commane R, Gately CK, Hutyra LR, Gurney KR, Roest GS, Liang J, Gourdji S, Mueller KL, Whetstone JR, Shepson PB. Underestimation of Thermogenic Methane Emissions in New York City. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:9147-9157. [PMID: 38743431 PMCID: PMC11137862 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c10307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that methane emissions are underestimated by inventories in many US urban areas. This has important implications for climate change mitigation policy at the city, state, and national levels. Uncertainty in both the spatial distribution and sectoral allocation of urban emissions can limit the ability of policy makers to develop appropriately focused emission reduction strategies. Top-down emission estimates based on atmospheric greenhouse gas measurements can help to improve inventories and inform policy decisions. This study presents a new high-resolution (0.02 × 0.02°) methane emission inventory for New York City and its surrounding area, constructed using the latest activity data, emission factors, and spatial proxies. The new high-resolution inventory estimates of methane emissions for the New York-Newark urban area are 1.3 times larger than those for the gridded Environmental Protection Agency inventory. We used aircraft mole fraction measurements from nine research flights to optimize the high-resolution inventory emissions within a Bayesian inversion. These sectorally optimized emissions show that the high-resolution inventory still significantly underestimates methane emissions within the New York-Newark urban area, primarily because it underestimates emissions from thermogenic sources (by a factor of 2.3). This suggests that there remains a gap in our process-based understanding of urban methane emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph R. Pitt
- School
of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony
Brook University, Stony
Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Israel Lopez-Coto
- School
of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony
Brook University, Stony
Brook, New York 11794, United States
- National
Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Anna Karion
- National
Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Kristian D. Hajny
- School
of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony
Brook University, Stony
Brook, New York 11794, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Jay Tomlin
- Department
of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Robert Kaeser
- Department
of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Thilina Jayarathne
- Department
of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Brian H. Stirm
- School
of Aviation and Transportation Technology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
| | - Cody R. Floerchinger
- Department
of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard
University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | | | - Róisín Commane
- Department
of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, New York 10964, United States
| | - Conor K. Gately
- Department
of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard
University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
- Department
of Earth and Environment, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Lucy R. Hutyra
- Department
of Earth and Environment, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Kevin R. Gurney
- School
of Informatics, Computing and Cyber Systems, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona 86011, United States
| | - Geoffrey S. Roest
- School
of Informatics, Computing and Cyber Systems, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona 86011, United States
| | - Jianming Liang
- Environmental Systems Research Institute, Redlands, California 92373, United States
| | - Sharon Gourdji
- National
Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Kimberly L. Mueller
- National
Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - James R. Whetstone
- National
Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Paul B. Shepson
- School
of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony
Brook University, Stony
Brook, New York 11794, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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2
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Karion A, Ghosh S, Lopez-Coto I, Mueller K, Gourdji S, Pitt J, Whetstone J. Methane Emissions Show Recent Decline but Strong Seasonality in Two US Northeastern Cities. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:19565-19574. [PMID: 37941355 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c05050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Urban methane emissions estimated using atmospheric observations have been found to exceed estimates derived by using traditional inventory methods in several northeastern US cities. In this work, we leveraged a nearly five-year record of observations from a dense tower network coupled with a newly developed high-resolution emissions map to quantify methane emission rates in Washington, DC, and Baltimore, Maryland. Annual emissions averaged over 2018-2021 were 80.1 [95% CI: 61.2, 98.9] Gg in the Washington, DC urban area and 47.4 [95% CI: 35.9, 58.5] Gg in the Baltimore urban area, with a decreasing trend of approximately 4-5% per year in both cities. We also find wintertime emissions 44% higher than summertime emissions, correlating with natural gas consumption. We further attribute a large fraction of total methane emissions to the natural gas sector using a least-squares regression on our spatially resolved estimates, supporting previous findings that natural gas systems emit the plurality of methane in both cities. This study contributes to the relatively sparse existing knowledge base of urban methane emissions sources and variability, adding to our understanding of how these emissions change in time and providing evidence to support efforts to mitigate natural gas emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Karion
- Special Programs Office, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Subhomoy Ghosh
- Special Programs Office, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
- Center for Research Computing, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Israel Lopez-Coto
- Special Programs Office, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Kimberly Mueller
- Special Programs Office, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Sharon Gourdji
- Special Programs Office, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Joseph Pitt
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1QU, U.K
| | - James Whetstone
- Special Programs Office, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
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3
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Hu C, Liu C, Hu N, Hong J, Ai X. Government environmental control measures on CO 2 emission during the 2014 Youth Olympic Games in Nanjing: Perspectives from a top-down approach. J Environ Sci (China) 2022; 113:165-178. [PMID: 34963526 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2021.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Strict air pollution control measures were conducted during the Youth Olympic Games (YOG) period at Nanjing city and surrounding areas in August 2014. This event provides a unique chance to evaluate the effect of government control measures on regional atmospheric pollution and greenhouse gas emissions. Many previous studies have observed significant reductions of atmospheric pollution species and improvement in air quality, while no study has quantified its synergism on anthropogenic CO2 emissions, which can be co-reduced with air pollutants. To better understand to what extent these pollution control measures have reduced anthropogenic CO2 emissions, we conducted atmospheric CO2 measurements at the suburban site in Nanjing city from 1st July to 30th September 2014 and 1st August to 31st August 2015, obvious decrease in atmospheric CO2 was observed between YOG and the rest period. By coupling the a priori emission inventory with atmospheric transport model, we applied the scale factor Bayesian inversion approach to derive the posteriori CO2 emissions in YOG period and regular period. Results indicate CO2 emissions from power industry decreased by 45%, and other categories also decreased by 16% for manufacturing combusting, and 37% for non-metallic mineral production. Monthly total anthropogenic CO2 emissions were 9.8 (±3.6) × 109 kg/month CO2 for regular period and decreased to 6.2 (±1.9) × 109 kg/month during the YOG period in Nanjing city, with a 36.7% reduction. When scaling up to whole Jiangsu Province, anthropogenic CO2 emissions were 7.1 (±2.4) × 1010 kg/month CO2 for regular period and decreased to 4.4 (±1.2) × 1010 kg/month CO2 during the YOG period, yielding a 38.0% reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Hu
- College of Biology and the Environment, Joint Center for sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; Yale-NUIST Center on Atmospheric Environment, International Joint Laboratory on Climate and Environment Change (ILCEC), Nanjing University of Information, Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.
| | - Cheng Liu
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of the Causes and Control of Atmospheric Pollution/School of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, China.
| | - Ning Hu
- Yale-NUIST Center on Atmospheric Environment, International Joint Laboratory on Climate and Environment Change (ILCEC), Nanjing University of Information, Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Jun Hong
- National Key Laboratory on Electromagnetic Environmental Effects and Electro-Optical Engineering, Army Engineering University, Nanjing 210022, China
| | - Xinyue Ai
- College of Biology and the Environment, Joint Center for sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
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4
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Lopez-Coto I, Ren X, Karion A, McKain K, Sweeney C, Dickerson RR, McDonald BC, Ahn DY, Salawitch RJ, He H, Shepson PB, Whetstone JR. Carbon Monoxide Emissions from the Washington, DC, and Baltimore Metropolitan Area: Recent Trend and COVID-19 Anomaly. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:2172-2180. [PMID: 35080873 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c06288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We analyze airborne measurements of atmospheric CO concentration from 70 flights conducted over six years (2015-2020) using an inverse model to quantify the CO emissions from the Washington, DC, and Baltimore metropolitan areas. We found that CO emissions have been declining in the area at a rate of ≈-4.5 % a-1 since 2015 or ≈-3.1 % a-1 since 2016. In addition, we found that CO emissions show a "Sunday" effect, with emissions being lower, on average, than for the rest of the week and that the seasonal cycle is no larger than 16 %. Our results also show that the trend derived from the NEI agrees well with the observed trend, but that NEI daytime-adjusted emissions are ≈50 % larger than our estimated emissions. In 2020, measurements collected during the shutdown in activity related to the COVID-19 pandemic indicate a significant drop in CO emissions of 16 % relative to the expected emissions trend from the previous years, or 23 % relative to the mean of 2016 to February 2020. Our results also indicate a larger reduction in April than in May. Last, we show that this reduction in CO emissions was driven mainly by a reduction in traffic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israel Lopez-Coto
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, 100 Nicolls Road, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Xinrong Ren
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Maryland, 4254 Stadium Drive, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
- Air Resources Laboratory, NOAA, 5830 University Research Court, College Park, Maryland 20740, United States
| | - Anna Karion
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Kathryn McKain
- NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Global Monitoring Laboratory, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Colm Sweeney
- NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Global Monitoring Laboratory, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States
| | - Russell R Dickerson
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Maryland, 4254 Stadium Drive, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Brian C McDonald
- NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Laboratory, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States
| | - Doyeon Y Ahn
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Maryland, 4254 Stadium Drive, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Ross J Salawitch
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Maryland, 4254 Stadium Drive, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Hao He
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Maryland, 4254 Stadium Drive, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Paul B Shepson
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, 100 Nicolls Road, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 610 Purdue Mall, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - James R Whetstone
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
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5
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Ghosh S, Mueller K, Prasad K, Whetstone J. Accounting for Transport Error in Inversions: An Urban Synthetic Data Experiment. EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE (HOBOKEN, N.J.) 2021; 8:e2020EA001272. [PMID: 34435077 PMCID: PMC8365727 DOI: 10.1029/2020ea001272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We present and discuss the use of a high-dimensional computational method for atmospheric inversions that incorporates the space-time structure of transport and dispersion errors. In urban environments, transport and dispersion errors are largely the result of our inability to capture the true underlying transport of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions to observational sites. Motivated by the impact of transport model error on estimates of fluxes of GHGs using in situ tower-based mole-fraction observations, we specifically address the need to characterize transport error structures in high-resolution large-scale inversion models. We do this using parametric covariance functions combined with shrinkage-based regularization methods within an Ensemble Transform Kalman Filter inversion setup. We devise a synthetic data experiment to compare the impact of transport and dispersion error component of the model-data mismatch covariance choices on flux retrievals and study the robustness of the method with respect to fewer observational constraints. We demonstrate the analysis in the context of inferring CO2 fluxes starting with a hypothesized prior in the Washington D.C. /Baltimore area constrained by a synthetic set of tower-based CO2 measurements within an observing system simulation experiment framework. This study demonstrates the ability of these simple covariance structures to substantially improve the estimation of fluxes over standard covariance models in flux estimation from urban regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhomoy Ghosh
- University of Notre DameNotre DameINUSA
- National Institute of Standards and TechnologyGaithersburgMDUSA
| | | | - Kuldeep Prasad
- National Institute of Standards and TechnologyGaithersburgMDUSA
| | - James Whetstone
- National Institute of Standards and TechnologyGaithersburgMDUSA
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6
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Sub-Daily Natural CO2 Flux Simulation Based on Satellite Data: Diurnal and Seasonal Pattern Comparisons to Anthropogenic CO2 Emissions in the Greater Tokyo Area. REMOTE SENSING 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/rs13112037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
During the last decade, advances in the remote sensing of greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations by the Greenhouse Gases Observing SATellite-1 (GOSAT-1), GOSAT-2, and Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2) have produced finer-resolution atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) datasets. These data are applicable for a top-down approach towards the verification of anthropogenic CO2 emissions from megacities and updating of the inventory. However, great uncertainties regarding natural CO2 flux estimates remain when back-casting CO2 emissions from concentration data, making accurate disaggregation of urban CO2 sources difficult. For this study, we used Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) land products, meso-scale meteorological data, SoilGrids250 m soil profile data, and sub-daily soil moisture datasets to calculate hourly photosynthetic CO2 uptake and biogenic CO2 emissions with 500 m resolution for the Kantō Plain, Japan, at the center of which is the Tokyo metropolis. Our hourly integrated modeling results obtained for the period 2010–2018 suggest that, collectively, the vegetated land within the Greater Tokyo Area served as a daytime carbon sink year-round, where the hourly integrated net atmospheric CO2 removal was up to 14.15 ± 4.24% of hourly integrated anthropogenic emissions in winter and up to 55.42 ± 10.39% in summer. At night, plants and soil in the Greater Tokyo Area were natural carbon sources, with hourly integrated biogenic CO2 emissions equivalent to 2.27 ± 0.11%–4.97 ± 1.17% of the anthropogenic emissions in winter and 13.71 ± 2.44%–23.62 ± 3.13% in summer. Between January and July, the hourly integrated biogenic CO2 emissions of the Greater Tokyo Area increased sixfold, whereas the amplitude of the midday hourly integrated photosynthetic CO2 uptake was enhanced by nearly five times and could offset up to 79.04 ± 12.31% of the hourly integrated anthropogenic CO2 emissions in summer. The gridded hourly photosynthetic CO2 uptake and biogenic respiration estimates not only provide reference data for the estimation of total natural CO2 removal in our study area, but also supply prior input values for the disaggregation of anthropogenic CO2 emissions and biogenic CO2 fluxes when applying top-down approaches to update the megacity’s CO2 emissions inventory. The latter contribution allows unprecedented amounts of GOSAT and ground measurement data regarding CO2 concentration to be analyzed in inverse modeling of anthropogenic CO2 emissions from Tokyo and the Kantō Plain.
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7
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Karion A, Lopez-Coto I, Gourdji SM, Mueller K, Ghosh S, Callahan W, Stock M, DiGangi E, Prinzivalli S, Whetstone J. Background conditions for an urban greenhouse gas network in the Washington, D.C. and Baltimore metropolitan region. ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS 2021; 21:10.5194/acp-21-6257-2021. [PMID: 36873665 PMCID: PMC9982866 DOI: 10.5194/acp-21-6257-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
As city governments take steps towards establishing emissions reduction targets, the atmospheric research community is increasingly able to assist in tracking emissions reductions. Researchers have established systems for observing atmospheric greenhouse gases in urban areas with the aim of attributing greenhouse gas concentration enhancements (and thus, emissions) to the region in question. However, to attribute enhancements to a particular region, one must isolate the component of the observed concentration attributable to fluxes inside the region by removing the background, which is the component due to fluxes outside. In this study, we demonstrate methods to construct several versions of a background for our carbon dioxide and methane observing network in the Washington, DC and Baltimore, MD metropolitan region. Some of these versions rely on transport and flux models, while others are based on observations upwind of the domain. First, we evaluate the backgrounds in a synthetic data framework, then we evaluate against real observations from our urban network. We find that backgrounds based on upwind observations capture the variability better than model-based backgrounds, although care must be taken to avoid bias from biospheric carbon dioxide fluxes near background stations in summer. Model-based backgrounds also perform well when upwind fluxes can be modeled accurately. Our study evaluates different background methods and provides guidance determining background methodology that can impact the design of urban monitoring networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Karion
- Special Programs Office, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Israel Lopez-Coto
- Special Programs Office, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Sharon M. Gourdji
- Special Programs Office, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Kimberly Mueller
- Special Programs Office, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Subhomoy Ghosh
- Special Programs Office, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
- Center for Research Computing, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN, 46556, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - James Whetstone
- Special Programs Office, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
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8
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Ahn DY, Hansford JR, Howe ST, Ren XR, Salawitch RJ, Zeng N, Cohen MD, Stunder B, Salmon OE, Shepson PB, Gurney KR, Oda T, Lopez-Coto I, Whetstone J, Dickerson RR. Fluxes of Atmospheric Greenhouse-Gases in Maryland (FLAGG-MD): Emissions of Carbon Dioxide in the Baltimore, MD-Washington, D.C. area. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH. ATMOSPHERES : JGR 2020; 125:https://doi.org/10.1029/2019jd032004. [PMID: 33094084 PMCID: PMC7577348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
To study emissions of CO2 in the Baltimore, MD-Washington, D.C. (Balt-Wash) area, an aircraft campaign was conducted in February 2015, as part of the FLAGG-MD (Fluxes of Atmospheric Greenhouse-Gases in Maryland) project. During the campaign, elevated mole fractions of CO2 were observed downwind of the urban center and local power plants. Upwind flight data and HYSPLIT (Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory) model analyses help account for the impact of emissions outside the Balt-Wash area. The accuracy, precision, and sensitivity of CO2 emissions estimates based on the mass balance approach were assessed for both power plants and cities. Our estimates of CO2 emissions from two local power plants agree well with their CEMS (Continuous Emissions Monitoring Systems) records. For the 16 power plant plumes captured by the aircraft, the mean percentage difference of CO2 emissions was -0.3 %. For the Balt-Wash area as a whole, the 1σ CO2 emission rate uncertainty for any individual aircraft-based mass balance approach experiment was ±38 %. Treating the mass balance experiments, which were repeated seven times within nine days, as individual quantifications of the Balt-Wash CO2 emissions, the estimation uncertainty was ±16 % (standard error of the mean at 95% CL). Our aircraft-based estimate was compared to various bottom-up fossil fuel CO2 (FFCO2) emission inventories. Based on the FLAGG-MD aircraft observations, we estimate 1.9±0.3 MtC of FFCO2 from the Balt-Wash area during the month of February 2015. The mean estimate of FFCO2 from the four bottom-up models was 2.2±0.3 MtC.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Y Ahn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - J R Hansford
- Department of Computer Science, University of Maryland College Park, MD, USA
| | - S T Howe
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Maryland College Park, MD, USA
| | - X R Ren
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Maryland College Park, MD, USA
- Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland College Park, MD, USA
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Air Resource Laboratory, College Park, MD, USA
| | - R J Salawitch
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland College Park, Maryland, USA
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Maryland College Park, MD, USA
- Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland College Park, MD, USA
| | - N Zeng
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Maryland College Park, MD, USA
- Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland College Park, MD, USA
| | - M D Cohen
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Air Resource Laboratory, College Park, MD, USA
| | - B Stunder
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Air Resource Laboratory, College Park, MD, USA
| | - O E Salmon
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - P B Shepson
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - K R Gurney
- School of Informatics, Computing, and Cyber Systems, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - T Oda
- Global Modeling and Assimilation Office, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
- Goddard Earth Sciences Research and Technology, Universities Space Research Association, Columbia, MD, USA
| | - I Lopez-Coto
- Engineering Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - J Whetstone
- Special Programs Office, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - R R Dickerson
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Maryland College Park, MD, USA
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9
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Karion A, Callahan W, Stock M, Prinzivalli S, Verhulst KR, Kim J, Salameh PK, Lopez-Coto I, Whetstone J. Greenhouse gas observations from the Northeast Corridor tower network. EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCE DATA 2020. [PMID: 33133298 DOI: 10.5194/essd-12-699-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
We present the organization, structure, instrumentation, and measurements of the Northeast Corridor greenhouse gas observation network. This network of tower-based in situ carbon dioxide and methane observation stations was established in 2015 with the goal of quantifying emissions of these gases in urban areas in the northeastern United States. A specific focus of the network is the cities of Baltimore, MD, and Washington, DC, USA, with a high density of observation stations in these two urban areas. Additional observation stations are scattered throughout the northeastern US, established to complement other existing urban and regional networks and to investigate emissions throughout this complex region with a high population density and multiple metropolitan areas. Data described in this paper are archived at the National Institute of Standards and Technology and can be found at https://doi.org/10.18434/M32126 (Karion et al., 2019).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Karion
- Special Programs Office, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | - Kristal R Verhulst
- NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Jooil Kim
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Peter K Salameh
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Israel Lopez-Coto
- Engineering Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - James Whetstone
- Special Programs Office, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
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10
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Karion A, Callahan W, Stock M, Prinzivalli S, Verhulst KR, Kim J, Salameh PK, Lopez-Coto I, Whetstone J. Greenhouse gas observations from the Northeast Corridor tower network. EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCE DATA 2020; 12:https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-699-2020. [PMID: 33133298 PMCID: PMC7593892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2024]
Abstract
We present the organization, structure, instrumentation, and measurements of the Northeast Corridor greenhouse gas observation network. This network of tower-based in situ carbon dioxide and methane observation stations was established in 2015 with the goal of quantifying emissions of these gases in urban areas in the northeastern United States. A specific focus of the network is the cities of Baltimore, MD, and Washington, DC, USA, with a high density of observation stations in these two urban areas. Additional observation stations are scattered throughout the northeastern US, established to complement other existing urban and regional networks and to investigate emissions throughout this complex region with a high population density and multiple metropolitan areas. Data described in this paper are archived at the National Institute of Standards and Technology and can be found at https://doi.org/10.18434/M32126 (Karion et al., 2019).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Karion
- Special Programs Office, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | - Kristal R. Verhulst
- NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Jooil Kim
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Peter K. Salameh
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Israel Lopez-Coto
- Engineering Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - James Whetstone
- Special Programs Office, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
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