1
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Wan Z, Zhang H, Niu M, Guo Y, Li H. Production of vanillin via oxidation depolymerization of lignin over Fe- and Mn-modified TS-1 zeolites. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 272:132922. [PMID: 38844292 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Converting lignin into specific aromatic chemicals for utilization through depolymerization of lignin is an effective way to achieve high-value applications. There are many depolymerization methods that can do this, but there are problems such as harsh reaction conditions, low depolymerization efficiency and uncontrollable target products that need to be solved. This study reports a novel system for the oxidative depolymerization of alkali lignin using Fe- and Mn- modified TS-1 as a catalyst to assist in the highly selective production of vanillin. We also proposed a possible reaction pathway for the oxidative depolymerization of alkali lignin to produce vanillin catalyzed by Fe-Mn/TS-1 catalyst. The catalytic effects of TS-1, Fe/TS-1, and Fe-Mn/TS-1 catalysts on the oxidative depolymerization of lignin to produce phenolic monomers and vanillin were investigated. The results show that the modified catalysts can effectively improve the efficiency of linkage bond breaking in lignin, especially the β-O-4 bond, in which the inter-band transitions of Fe and Mn play an important role. The synergistic effect of the bimetallic-loaded catalyst (Fe-Mn/TS-1) could catalyze the oxidative depolymerization of lignin more efficiently than the monometallic-loaded catalyst (Fe/TS-1). This lignin oxidative depolymerization system produced 40.59 wt% bio-oil including 12.24 wt% phenolic monomers and 16.17 wt% re-lignin after the addition of Fe-Mn/TS-1 catalyst, owning the highest phenolic monomer yield. Surprisingly, this lignin oxidative depolymerization system exhibited high yield for vanillin (8.36 wt%) production. These results demonstrated that the Fe-Mn/TS-1 catalytic system has potential to produce vanillin from lignin under mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhouyuanye Wan
- Liaoning Key Lab of Lignocellulose Chemistry and BioMaterials, Liaoning Collaborative Innovation Center for Lignocellulosic Biorefinery, College of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Hongjie Zhang
- China National Pulp and Paper Research Institute Co. Ltd., Beijing 100102, China
| | - Meihong Niu
- Liaoning Key Lab of Lignocellulose Chemistry and BioMaterials, Liaoning Collaborative Innovation Center for Lignocellulosic Biorefinery, College of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Yanzhu Guo
- Liaoning Key Lab of Lignocellulose Chemistry and BioMaterials, Liaoning Collaborative Innovation Center for Lignocellulosic Biorefinery, College of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China.
| | - Haiming Li
- Liaoning Key Lab of Lignocellulose Chemistry and BioMaterials, Liaoning Collaborative Innovation Center for Lignocellulosic Biorefinery, College of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China.
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2
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Clobes ML, Kozliak EI, Kubátová A. Advancing Molecular Weight Determination of Lignin by Multi-Angle Light Scattering. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:477. [PMID: 38399853 PMCID: PMC10892000 DOI: 10.3390/polym16040477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Due to the complexity and recalcitrance of lignin, its chemical characterization is a key factor preventing the valorization of this abundant material. Multi-angle light scattering (MALS) is becoming a sought-after technique for absolute molecular weight (MW) determination of polymers and proteins. Lignin is a suitable candidate for MW determination via MALS, yet further investigation is required to confirm its absolute MW values and molecular size. Studies aiming to break down lignin into a variety of renewable products will benefit greatly from a simple and reliable determination method like MALS. Recent pioneering studies, discussed in this review, addressed several key challenges in lignin's MW characterization. Nevertheless, some lignin-specific issues still need to be considered for in-depth characterization. This study explores how MALS instrumentation manages the complexities of determining lignin's MW, e.g., with simultaneous fractionation and fluorescence interference mitigation. Additionally, we rationalize the importance of a more detailed light scattering analysis for lignin characterization, including aspects like the second virial coefficient and radius of gyration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Evguenii I. Kozliak
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Dakota, 151 Cornell St., Stop 9024, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA;
| | - Alena Kubátová
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Dakota, 151 Cornell St., Stop 9024, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA;
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3
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Shen Z, Shi C, Liu F, Wang W, Ai M, Huang Z, Zhang X, Pan L, Zou J. Advances in Heterogeneous Catalysts for Lignin Hydrogenolysis. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2306693. [PMID: 37964410 PMCID: PMC10767463 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202306693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Lignin is the main component of lignocellulose and the largest source of aromatic substances on the earth. Biofuel and bio-chemicals derived from lignin can reduce the use of petroleum products. Current advances in lignin catalysis conversion have facilitated many of progress, but understanding the principles of catalyst design is critical to moving the field forward. In this review, the factors affecting the catalysts (including the type of active metal, metal particle size, acidity, pore size, the nature of the oxide supports, and the synergistic effect of the metals) are systematically reviewed based on the three most commonly used supports (carbon, oxides, and zeolites) in lignin hydrogenolysis. The catalytic performance (selectivity and yield of products) is evaluated, and the emerging catalytic mechanisms are introduced to better understand the catalyst design guidelines. Finally, based on the progress of existing studies, future directions for catalyst design in the field of lignin depolymerization are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhensheng Shen
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of EducationSchool of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyTianjin UniversityTianjin300072China
- Collaborative Innovative Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)Tianjin300072China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical TransformationsTianjin300192China
| | - Chengxiang Shi
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of EducationSchool of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyTianjin UniversityTianjin300072China
- Collaborative Innovative Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)Tianjin300072China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical TransformationsTianjin300192China
| | - Fan Liu
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of EducationSchool of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyTianjin UniversityTianjin300072China
- Collaborative Innovative Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)Tianjin300072China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical TransformationsTianjin300192China
| | - Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of EducationSchool of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyTianjin UniversityTianjin300072China
- Collaborative Innovative Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)Tianjin300072China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical TransformationsTianjin300192China
| | - Minhua Ai
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of EducationSchool of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyTianjin UniversityTianjin300072China
- Collaborative Innovative Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)Tianjin300072China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical TransformationsTianjin300192China
| | - Zhenfeng Huang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of EducationSchool of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyTianjin UniversityTianjin300072China
- Collaborative Innovative Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)Tianjin300072China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical TransformationsTianjin300192China
| | - Xiangwen Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of EducationSchool of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyTianjin UniversityTianjin300072China
- Collaborative Innovative Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)Tianjin300072China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical TransformationsTianjin300192China
| | - Lun Pan
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of EducationSchool of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyTianjin UniversityTianjin300072China
- Collaborative Innovative Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)Tianjin300072China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical TransformationsTianjin300192China
| | - Ji‐Jun Zou
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of EducationSchool of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyTianjin UniversityTianjin300072China
- Collaborative Innovative Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)Tianjin300072China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical TransformationsTianjin300192China
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4
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Zhang Y, Tian X, Teng A, Li Y, Jiao Y, Zhao K, Wang Y, Li R, Yang N, Wang W. Polyphenols and polyphenols-based biopolymer materials: Regulating iron absorption and availability from spontaneous to controllable. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023; 63:12341-12359. [PMID: 35852177 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2101092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Iron is an important trace element in the body, and it will seriously affect the body's normal operation if it is taken too much or too little. A large number of patients around the world are suffering from iron disorders. However, there are many problems using drugs to treat iron overload and causing prolonged and unbearable suffering for patients. Controlling iron absorption and utilization through diet is becoming the acceptable, safe and healthy method. At present, many literatures have reported that polyphenols can interact with iron ions and can be expected to chelate iron ions, depending on their types and structures. Besides, polyphenols often interact with other macromolecules in the diet, which may complicate this phenols-Fe behavior and give rise to the necessity of building phenolic based biopolymer materials. The biopolymer materials, constructed by self-assembly (non-covalent) or chemical modification (covalent), show excellent properties such as good permeability, targeting, biocompatibility, and high chelation ability. It is believed that this review can greatly facilitate the development of polyphenols-based biopolymer materials construction for regulating iron and improving the well-being of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaojing Tian
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Anguo Teng
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Yu Li
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuzhen Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Kaixuan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Ruonan Li
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Ning Yang
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenhang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
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5
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Peng W, Bao H, Wang Y, Cote E, Sagues WJ, Hagelin-Weaver H, Gao J, Xiao D, Tong Z. Selective Depolymerization of Lignin Towards Isolated Phenolic Acids Under Mild Conditions. CHEMSUSCHEM 2023; 16:e202300750. [PMID: 37419862 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202300750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
The selective transformation of lignin to value-added biochemicals (e. g., phenolic acids) in high yields is incredibly challenging due to its structural complexity and many possible reaction pathways. Phenolic acids (PA) are key building blocks for various aromatic polymers, but the isolation of PAs from lignin is below 5 wt.% and requires harsh reaction conditions. Herein, we demonstrate an effective route to selectively convert lignin extracted from sweet sorghum and poplar into isolated PA in a high yield (up to 20 wt.% of lignin) using a low-cost graphene oxide-urea hydrogen peroxide (GO-UHP) catalyst under mild conditions (<120 °C). The lignin conversion yield is up to 95 %, and the remaining low molecular weight organic oils are ready for aviation fuel production to complete lignin utilization. Mechanistic studies demonstrate that pre-acetylation allows the selective depolymerization of lignin to aromatic aldehydes with a decent yield by GO through the Cα activation of β-O-4 cleavage. A urea-hydrogen peroxide (UHP) oxidative process is followed to transform aldehydes in the depolymerized product to PAs by avoiding the undesired Dakin side reaction due to the electron-withdrawing effect of the acetyl group. This study opens a new way to selectively cleave lignin side chains to isolated biochemicals under mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Peng
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering Renewable Bioproduct Institute, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30318, USA
| | - Hanxi Bao
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (IFAS), University of Florida, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Yigui Wang
- Center for Integrative Materials Discovery, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of New Haven, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Elizabeth Cote
- Center for Integrative Materials Discovery, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of New Haven, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - William J Sagues
- Department of Biological & Agricultural Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Halena Hagelin-Weaver
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Ji Gao
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering Renewable Bioproduct Institute, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30318, USA
| | - Dequan Xiao
- Center for Integrative Materials Discovery, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of New Haven, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Zhaohui Tong
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering Renewable Bioproduct Institute, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30318, USA
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6
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Yuan X, Cao Y, Li J, Patel AK, Dong CD, Jin X, Gu C, Yip ACK, Tsang DCW, Ok YS. Recent advancements and challenges in emerging applications of biochar-based catalysts. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 67:108181. [PMID: 37268152 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The sustainable utilization of biochar produced from biomass waste could substantially promote the development of carbon neutrality and a circular economy. Due to their cost-effectiveness, multiple functionalities, tailorable porous structure, and thermal stability, biochar-based catalysts play a vital role in sustainable biorefineries and environmental protection, contributing to a positive, planet-level impact. This review provides an overview of emerging synthesis routes for multifunctional biochar-based catalysts. It discusses recent advances in biorefinery and pollutant degradation in air, soil, and water, providing deeper and more comprehensive information of the catalysts, such as physicochemical properties and surface chemistry. The catalytic performance and deactivation mechanisms under different catalytic systems were critically reviewed, providing new insights into developing efficient and practical biochar-based catalysts for large-scale use in various applications. Machine learning (ML)-based predictions and inverse design have addressed the innovation of biochar-based catalysts with high-performance applications, as ML efficiently predicts the properties and performance of biochar, interprets the underlying mechanisms and complicated relationships, and guides biochar synthesis. Finally, environmental benefit and economic feasibility assessments are proposed for science-based guidelines for industries and policymakers. With concerted effort, upgrading biomass waste into high-performance catalysts for biorefinery and environmental protection could reduce environmental pollution, increase energy safety, and achieve sustainable biomass management, all of which are beneficial for attaining several of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UN SDGs) and Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangzhou Yuan
- Ministry of Education of Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; Korea Biochar Research Center, APRU Sustainable Waste Management Program & Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Yang Cao
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jie Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Anil Kumar Patel
- Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, College of Hydrosphere, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Di Dong
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan
| | - Xin Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Cheng Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Alex C K Yip
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Daniel C W Tsang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; Research Centre for Resources Engineering towards Carbon Neutrality, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Yong Sik Ok
- Korea Biochar Research Center, APRU Sustainable Waste Management Program & Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
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7
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Yu D, Guo J, Meng J, Sun T. Biofuel production by hydro-thermal liquefaction of municipal solid waste: Process characterization and optimization. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 328:138606. [PMID: 37023903 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The significant growth of the global population, as well as the increase in energy demand and the limitations of energy generation from fossil fuels, have become a serious challenge over the world. To address these challenges, renewable energies like biofuels are recently found as a proper alternative to conventional fuels. Although biofuel production by using various techniques such as hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) is considered one of the most promising methods to provide energy, the challenges correlated to its progression and development are still striking. In this investigation, the HTL method was employed to produce biofuel from municipal solid waste (MSW). In this regard, the effect of various parameters such as temperature, reaction time and waste-to-water ratio on mass and energy yield were assessed. It should be stressed that the optimization of biofuel production has been accomplished by the Box-Behnken method using Design Expert 8 software. Based on the results, biofuel production has an upward trend by increasing temperature to 364.57 °C and reaction time to 88.23 min Whereas, there is an inverse relationship between the biofuel waste-to-waterater ratio, in both the context of mass and energy yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmin Yu
- School of Information Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Demand Side Multi-Energy Carriers Optimization and Interaction Technique (China Electric Power Research Institute), Beijing, China.
| | - Jing Guo
- School of Information Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
| | - Junxia Meng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Demand Side Multi-Energy Carriers Optimization and Interaction Technique (China Electric Power Research Institute), Beijing, China.
| | - Tianyi Sun
- School of Automation Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin, China.
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8
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Ding Z, Kumar Awasthi S, Kumar M, Kumar V, Mikhailovich Dregulo A, Yadav V, Sindhu R, Binod P, Sarsaiya S, Pandey A, Taherzadeh MJ, Rathour R, Singh L, Zhang Z, Lian Z, Kumar Awasthi M. A thermo-chemical and biotechnological approaches for bamboo waste recycling and conversion to value added product: Towards a zero-waste biorefinery and circular bioeconomy. FUEL 2023; 333:126469. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2022.126469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
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9
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Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Lignocellulosic and Protein-Containing Biomass: A Comprehensive Review. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12121621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) is a thermochemical depolymerization technology, also known as hydrous pyrolysis, that transforms wet biomass into biocrude and valuable chemicals at a moderate temperature (usually 200–400 °C) and high pressure (typically 10–25 MPa). In HTL, water acts as a key reactant in HTL activities. Several properties of water are substantially altered as the reaction state gets closer to the critical point of water, which can result in quick, uniform, and effective reactions. The current review covers the HTL of various feedstocks, especially lignocellulosic and high protein-containing feeds with their in-depth information of the chemical reaction mechanisms involved in the HTL. Further, this review gives insight and knowledge about the influencing factors such as biomass pretreatment, process mode, process conditions, etc., which could affect the efficiency of the hydrothermal process and biocrude productivity. In addition, the latest trends, and emerging challenges to HTL are discussed with suitable recommendations.
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10
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Ionic liquids enhance the electrocatalysis of lignin model compounds towards generating valuable aromatic molecules. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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11
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Zhu L, Cui C, Liu H, Zhou Z, Qi F. Thermochemical depolymerization of lignin: Process analysis with state-of-the-art soft ionization mass spectrometry. FRONTIERS IN CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fceng.2022.982126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lignin valorization via thermochemical approaches has the potential to produce renewable fuels and value-added chemicals, which are of great significance to the sustainable development of human beings. During the thermochemical depolymerization which involves acid-catalyzed, alkali-catalyzed, oxidative, reductive, pyrolytic, and other reactions, the lignin structure will undergo a series of bond cleavage, condensation, and functional group changes, while the mechanism is still unclear. To improve the efficiency, the analysis of the evolution of intermediates during depolymerization is very important, among which soft ionization mass spectrometry plays a vital role. This review aims to summarize the research progress of process analysis of lignin depolymerization in both gas-phase, typically thermal and catalytic pyrolysis, and liquid-phase via online mass spectrometry. The challenges and our insights into the future development of the lignin valorization as well as soft ionization mass spectrometry methods are also discussed.
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12
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Bhujbal SK, Ghosh P, Vijay VK, Rathour R, Kumar M, Singh L, Kapley A. Biotechnological potential of rumen microbiota for sustainable bioconversion of lignocellulosic waste to biofuels and value-added products. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 814:152773. [PMID: 34979222 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Lignocellulosic biomass is an abundant resource with untapped potential for biofuel, enzymes, and chemical production. Its complex recalcitrant structure obstructs its bioconversion into biofuels and other value-added products. For improving its bioconversion efficiency, it is important to deconstruct its complex structure. In natural systems like rumen, diverse microbial communities carry out hydrolysis, acidogenesis, acetogenesis, and methanogenesis of lignocellulosic biomass through physical penetration, synergistic and enzymatic actions enhancing lignocellulose degradation activity. This review article aims to discuss comprehensively the rumen microbial ecosystem, their interactions, enzyme production, and applications for efficient bioconversion of lignocellulosic waste to biofuels. Furthermore, meta 'omics' approaches to elucidate the structure and functions of rumen microorganisms, fermentation mechanisms, microbe-microbe interactions, and host-microbe interactions have been discussed thoroughly. Additionally, feed additives' role in improving ruminal fermentation efficiency and reducing environmental nitrogen losses has been discussed. Finally, the current status of rumen microbiota applications and future perspectives for the development of rumen mimic bioreactors for efficient bioconversion of lignocellulosic wastes to biofuels and chemicals have been highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Krushna Bhujbal
- Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Pooja Ghosh
- Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India.
| | - Virendra Kumar Vijay
- Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Rashmi Rathour
- CSIR-National Environmental and Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nagpur 440020, India
| | - Manish Kumar
- CSIR-National Environmental and Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nagpur 440020, India
| | - Lal Singh
- CSIR-National Environmental and Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nagpur 440020, India
| | - Atya Kapley
- CSIR-National Environmental and Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nagpur 440020, India
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13
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Yi W, Zheng D, Wang X, Chen Y, Hu J, Yang H, Shao J, Zhang S, Chen H. Biomass hydrothermal conversion under CO 2 atmosphere: A way to improve the regulation of hydrothermal products. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 807:150900. [PMID: 34653455 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, batched hydrothermal experiments on corn stalk were conducted at 240-330 °C under CO2 or inert (N2) atmosphere. The distribution and characteristics of gaseous, solid, and liquid products were analyzed in detail to comprehensively investigate the effects of CO2 on the hydrothermal conversion of biomass, especially on the cellulose and lignin in biomass. The results demonstrate that compared with N2, CO2 slightly increased the liquid and gas yields and significantly improved the control effect of temperature on bio-oil components. Under CO2 atmosphere, bio-oil achieved effective enrichment of ketones and phenols at 240 °C and 300 °C, respectively, and their highest relative contents reached 44.8% and 62.0%, respectively. In addition, the hydrochar obtained under CO2 atmosphere showed higher crystallinity, which is conducive to its subsequent utilization. This study explored the feasibility of introducing CO2 into the biomass hydrothermal process to realize the high-value utilization of biomass waste and the reuse of CO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China.
| | - Diweina Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China.
| | - Xianhua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China.
| | - Yingquan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China.
| | - Junhao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China.
| | - Haiping Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China.
| | - Jingai Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China.
| | - Shihong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China.
| | - Hanping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China.
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14
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Yu K, Ding WL, Lu Y, Wang Y, Liu Y, Liu G, Huo F, He H. Ionic liquids screening for lignin dissolution: COSMO-RS simulations and experimental characterization. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.118007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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15
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Li S, Zhang Y, Ma X, Qiu S, Chen J, Lu G, Jia Z, Zhu J, Yang Q, Chen J, Wei Y. Antimicrobial Lignin-Based Polyurethane/Ag Composite Foams for Improving Wound Healing. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:1622-1632. [PMID: 35104104 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c01465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial materials are an urgent need for modern wound care in the clinic. Although traditional polyurethane foams have proven to be clinically valuable for wound treatment, their petroleum-originated preparation and bioinert nature have restricted their efficacy in biomedical applications. Here, we propose a simple one-step foaming method to prepare lignin-based polyurethane foams (LPUFs) in which fully biobased polyether polyols partially replace traditional petroleum-based raw materials. The trace amount of phenolic hydroxyl groups (about 4 mmol) in liquefied lignin acts as a direct reducing agent and capping agent to silver ions (less than 0.3 mmol), in situ forming silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) within the LPUF skeleton. This newly proposed lignin polyurethane/Ag composite foam (named as Ag NP-LPUF) shows improved mechanical, thermal, and antibacterial properties. It is worth mentioning that the Ag NP-LPUF exhibits more than 99% antibacterial rate against Escherichia coli within 1 h and Staphylococcus aureus within 4 h. Evaluations in mice indicate that the antimicrobial composite foams can effectively promote wound healing of full-thickness skin defects. As a proof of concept, this antibacterial and biodegradable foam exhibits significant potential for clinical translation in wound care dressings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuqi Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Laboratory of Polymers and Composites, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China.,Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yansheng Zhang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing 100039, China.,Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperative Base of Biomedical Materials and Technology, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315300, China
| | - Xiaozhen Ma
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Laboratory of Polymers and Composites, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Shihui Qiu
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperative Base of Biomedical Materials and Technology, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315300, China
| | - Guangming Lu
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Zhen Jia
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Laboratory of Polymers and Composites, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Jin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Laboratory of Polymers and Composites, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Qiu Yang
- Ningbo New Material Testing and Evaluation Center Co., Ltd., Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Laboratory of Polymers and Composites, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Yen Wei
- Department of Chemistry and the Tsinghua Center for Frontier Polymer Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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16
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Li YX, Hou SX, Wei QY, Ma XS, Qu YS. Effect of Alkali and 1,4-Butanediol Contents on the Extraction of Lignin and Lignin-Based Activated Carbon. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:34386-34394. [PMID: 34963924 PMCID: PMC8697003 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c04318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In the process of lignin extraction by the organic solvent method, the amount of alkali and the content of 1,4-butanediol are important conditions that affect lignin yield. The effects of alkali and alcohol contents on lignin recovery, removal rate, and structure were studied. In this reaction system, the removal rate of lignin increased with the increase of alkali content but decreased with the increase of alcohol content. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) analysis showed that the phenol hydroxyl group and the ether bond in lignin had different trends in different alkali and 1,4-butanediol environments, and four different infrared parameters in lignin had an obvious linear relationship. Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) results showed that high alkali content and high 1,4-butanediol content could lead to the fragmentation of lignin. In addition, lignin extracted from alkali-quantity factor series was selected to prepare activated carbon, CaCl2 was selected as the activator, and its effects were studied. Results showed that in the process of extracting lignin, on the one hand, NaOH content affects the functional groups of activated carbon by affecting the aromatic structure of lignin; on the other hand, the NaOH content affects the graphitization degree and specific surface area of activated carbon by affecting the removal rate and the molecular weight of lignin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-xia Li
- Beijing
University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Shao-xing Hou
- Beijing
University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Quan-yuan Wei
- Beijing
Zhong Yuan Chuang Neng Engineering and Technology, Ltd., Beijing 100101, China
- Beijing
International Cooperation Base in Sci-tec Innovation of Organic Waste
Treatment, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xiao-shan Ma
- Beijing
University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yong-Shui Qu
- State
Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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17
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Xu YH, Li MF. Hydrothermal liquefaction of lignocellulose for value-added products: Mechanism, parameter and production application. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 342:126035. [PMID: 34592454 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Abundant, environmentally friendly, and sustainable lignocellulose is a promising feedstock for replacing fossil fuels, and hydrothermal liquefaction is an effective technology to convert it into liquid fuels and high-value chemicals. This review summarizes and discusses the reaction mechanism, main influence factor and the production application of hydrothermal liquefaction. Particular attention has been paid to the reaction mechanism of the structural components of lignocellulose, i.e., cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. In addition, the influence factors including types of lignocellulose, temperature, heating rate, retention time, pressure, solid-to-liquid ratio, and catalyst are discussed in detail. The limitations in the hydrothermal liquefaction of lignocellulose and the prospects are proposed. This provides deep knowledge for understanding the process as well as the development of advanced products from lignocellulose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Hong Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ming-Fei Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
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18
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Arturi K, Rohrbach T, Vogel F, Bjelić S. High Yields of Aromatic Monomers from Acidolytic Oxidation of Kraft Lignin in a Biphasic System. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c01776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Arturi
- Energy and Environment Division, Laboratory for Bioenergy and Catalysis, Paul Scherrer Institute, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Rohrbach
- Energy and Environment Division, Laboratory for Catalysis and Sustainable Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Frédéric Vogel
- Energy and Environment Division, Laboratory for Bioenergy and Catalysis, Paul Scherrer Institute, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- Institute of Bioenergy and Resource Efficiency, University of Applied Sciences Northwestern Switzerland (FHNW), Klosterzelgstrasse 2, 5210 Windisch, Switzerland
| | - Saša Bjelić
- Energy and Environment Division, Laboratory for Bioenergy and Catalysis, Paul Scherrer Institute, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
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19
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Zhang L, Hu X, Li C, Zhang S, Wang Y, Esmaeili V, Gholizadeh M. Fates of heavy organics of bio-oil in hydrotreatment: The key challenge in the way from biomass to biofuel. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 778:146321. [PMID: 33725606 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Heavy organics in bio-oil generally refer to the sugar oligomers and lignin-derivatives. They are important fractions in bio-oil and their effective conversion in hydrotreatment determines carbon yield from biomass or bio-oil to biofuel. Fates of the heavy organics largely determine intrinsic reaction behaviors of bio-oil during hydrotreatment. The heavy organics in bio-oil have high tendency towards polymerization upon thermal treatment, which is one of the main precursors for coke formation and catalyst deactivation. Furthermore, the heavy organics have some other unique characteristics in hydrotreatment such as the steric hindrance for contacting active sites on surface of catalyst. How to effectively convert the heavy organics has been regarded as the bottle-neck issue in hydrotreatment of bio-oil and the key barrier in the roadmap from biomass to biofuels. Thus, this review particularly focuses on the progress in understanding reaction behaviors of the heavy organics in hydrotreatment of bio-oil, a central challenge to be resolved. The results indicated that coke formation from heavy organics in bio-oil remains main obstacle in hydrotreatment and further fundamental studies are required to develop suitable catalyst and process to stabilize the heavy organics in bio-oil. In particular, the mechanism for coke formation from the heavy species of varied chemical family should be clarified and corresponding measures should be developed to tackle high tendency of coking. Techno-economic feasibility should be considered in the first place in development of catalysts or process for tackling the heavy fractions of bio-oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Zhang
- School of Material Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, PR China
| | - Xun Hu
- School of Material Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, PR China.
| | - Chao Li
- School of Material Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, PR China
| | - Shu Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, PR China
| | - Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, PR China
| | - Vahideh Esmaeili
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Miyaneh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Miyaneh, Iran
| | - Mortaza Gholizadeh
- Faculty of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
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20
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Hong C, Wang Z, Si Y, Li Z, Xing Y, Hu J, Li Y. Preparation of bio-oils by hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of penicillin fermentation residue (PR): Optimization of conditions and mechanistic studies. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 761:143216. [PMID: 33213924 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to investigate factors influencing the yield of bio-oil from the hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) process of penicillin fermentation residue (PR). The reaction mechanism of the HTL was also studied. The hydrolysis of organic compounds in PR was enhanced, and the bio-oil yield increased with an increase of temperature. When the temperature rose from 280 °C to 320 °C, the yield of bio-oil decreased due to condensation and pyrolysis. Both the residence time and total solid content had effects on the bio-oil yield. The predicted values from the RSM model was in good agreement with the experimental values. Optimized conditions showed that the predicted value of the highest bio-oil yield was 25.91 wt%. The optimized reaction conditions were as follows: reaction temperature was 300 °C, residence time was 174 min, and total solid content was 18 wt%. The bio-oil was analyzed by GC-MS, and showed that it consisted mainly of hydrocarbons, nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds, and oxygen-containing compounds. Finally, the formation mechanism of these components and their possible reaction paths are presented and discussed. The results will provide useful guidance for regulating the characteristics of antibiotic residues, and realizing their further utilization as a chemical feedstock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Hong
- Department of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- Department of Coal and Syngas Conversion, Sinopec Research Institute of Petroleum Processing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yanxiao Si
- Institute of Ground engineering, Sinopec Petroleum Exploration and Production Research Institute, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zaixing Li
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China
| | - Yi Xing
- Department of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Jiashuo Hu
- Department of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Yifei Li
- Department of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
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21
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Ibarra-Gonzalez P, Christensen LP, Rong BG. A critical review of separation technologies in lignocellulosic biomass conversion to liquid transportation fuels production processes. CHEM ENG COMMUN 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00986445.2021.1874367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paola Ibarra-Gonzalez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Environmental Technology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Lars Porskjaer Christensen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Environmental Technology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Ben-Guang Rong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Environmental Technology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Esbjerg, Denmark
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22
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Fu J, Zhang Z, Ren Q. The Future of Biomass Utilization Technologies Special Issue Editorial. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c03933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Fu
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou, 78 Jinhua Boulevard North, Quzhou 324000, China
| | - Zhiguo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou, 78 Jinhua Boulevard North, Quzhou 324000, China
| | - Qilong Ren
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou, 78 Jinhua Boulevard North, Quzhou 324000, China
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