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Isanta B, Delgado A, Ciudad CJ, Busquets MA, Griera R, Llor N, Noé V. Synthesis and Validation of TRIFAPYs as a Family of Transfection Agents for Therapeutic Oligonucleotides. Biomolecules 2024; 14:390. [PMID: 38672408 PMCID: PMC11048556 DOI: 10.3390/biom14040390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Transfection agents play a crucial role in facilitating the uptake of nucleic acids into eukaryotic cells offering potential therapeutic solutions for genetic disorders. However, progress in this field needs the development of improved systems that guarantee efficient transfection. Here, we describe the synthesis of a set of chemical delivery agents (TRIFAPYs) containing alkyl chains of different lengths based on the 1,3,5-tris[(4-alkyloxy-1pyridinio)methyl]benzene tribromide structure. Their delivery properties for therapeutic oligonucleotides were evaluated using PolyPurine Reverse Hoogsteen hairpins (PPRHs) as a silencing tool. The binding of liposomes to PPRHs was evaluated by retardation assays in agarose gels. The complexes had a size of 125 nm as determined by DLS, forming well-defined concentrical vesicles as visualized by Cryo-TEM. The prostate cancer cell line PC-3 was used to study the internalization of the nanoparticles by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. The mechanism of entrance involved in the cellular uptake was mainly by clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Cytotoxicity analyses determined the intrinsic toxicity caused by each TRIFAPY and the effect on cell viability upon transfection of a specific PPRH (HpsPr-C) directed against the antiapoptotic target survivin. TRIFAPYs C12-C18 were selected to expand these studies in the breast cancer cell line SKBR-3 opening the usage of TRIFAPYs for both sexes and, in the hCMEC/D3 cell line, as a model for the blood-brain barrier. The mRNA levels of survivin decreased, while apoptosis levels increased upon the transfection of HpsPr-C with these TRIFAPYs in PC-3 cells. Therefore, TRIFAPYs can be considered novel lipid-based vehicles for the delivery of therapeutic oligonucleotides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berta Isanta
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (B.I.); (R.G.); (N.L.)
| | - Ana Delgado
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Carlos J. Ciudad
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
- Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Institute, IN2UB, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Mª Antònia Busquets
- Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Institute, IN2UB, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa Griera
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (B.I.); (R.G.); (N.L.)
- Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Institute, IN2UB, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Núria Llor
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (B.I.); (R.G.); (N.L.)
- Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Institute, IN2UB, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Véronique Noé
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
- Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Institute, IN2UB, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
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Wu CJ, Zhang WF, Chen X, Fan W, Zhang QD, Mao J, Chai GB, Shi QZ, Kong YJ, Zhang EG, Li YY, Zhang SS, Xie JP. Thermal/Redox-triggered release of pyrazinic functional molecules by coordination polymers with luminescence monitoring ability. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 650:1265-1273. [PMID: 37478743 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.07.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Storage of volatile active molecules, along with the prolongation of their specific functions, requires the use of regulatable carriers. Pyrazine derivatives are highly volatile compounds with a broad application owing to their flavoring, pharmaceutical, antimicrobial, antiseptic, and insecticidal properties. In this study, pyrazines were stored by coordinating them with cuprous iodide to easily generate a series of luminescent coordination polymer (CP)-based carriers. The CPs could respond to thermal-redox stimuli and manipulate pyrazine release by breaking the labile Cu-N bonds when triggered by the two stimuli. Moreover, the release process could be visualized by decreased luminescence caused by the gradual decomposition of CP structures. The loading efficiencies ranged from 31% to 38%, and the controlled release behaviors accord with the zero-order kinetics. This work is the first to prove that CPs could function as dual stimuli-mediated delivery systems, which hold the potential to control the release and strengthen the usability of functional molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Jun Wu
- Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan, Flavour Science Research Center of Zhengzhou University, Kexue Avenue 100, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, PR China; Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Fengyang Road, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, PR China; College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Kexue Avenue 100, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, PR China
| | - Wen-Fen Zhang
- Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan, Flavour Science Research Center of Zhengzhou University, Kexue Avenue 100, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, PR China; Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Fengyang Road, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, PR China
| | - Xin Chen
- Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan, Flavour Science Research Center of Zhengzhou University, Kexue Avenue 100, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, PR China
| | - Wu Fan
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Fengyang Road, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, PR China
| | - Qi-Dong Zhang
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Fengyang Road, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, PR China
| | - Jian Mao
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Fengyang Road, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, PR China
| | - Guo-Bi Chai
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Fengyang Road, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, PR China
| | - Qing-Zhao Shi
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Fengyang Road, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, PR China
| | - Yu-Jin Kong
- Center of Advanced Analysis and Gene Sequencing, Zhengzhou University, Kexue Avenue 100, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, PR China
| | - En-Gui Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Yan-Yang Li
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Fengyang Road, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, PR China
| | - Shu-Sheng Zhang
- Center of Advanced Analysis and Gene Sequencing, Zhengzhou University, Kexue Avenue 100, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, PR China.
| | - Jian-Ping Xie
- Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan, Flavour Science Research Center of Zhengzhou University, Kexue Avenue 100, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, PR China; Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Fengyang Road, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, PR China.
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Saura-Sanmartin A, Andreu-Ardil L. Recent Advances in the Preparation of Delivery Systems for the Controlled Release of Scents. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054685. [PMID: 36902122 PMCID: PMC10002519 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Scents are volatile compounds highly employed in a wide range of manufactured items, such as fine perfumery, household products, and functional foods. One of the main directions of the research in this area aims to enhance the longevity of scents by designing efficient delivery systems to control the release rate of these volatile molecules and also increase their stability. Several approaches to release scents in a controlled manner have been developed in recent years. Thus, different controlled release systems have been prepared, including polymers, metal-organic frameworks and mechanically interlocked systems, among others. This review is focused on the preparation of different scaffolds to accomplish a slow release of scents, by pointing out examples reported in the last five years. In addition to discuss selected examples, a critical perspective on the state of the art of this research field is provided, comparing the different types of scent delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Saura-Sanmartin
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
- Correspondence:
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Wu CJ, Zhang WF, Dai SY, Liu S, Fan W, Mao J, Zhang QD, Chai GB, Shi QZ, Liu YY, Zhang SS, Xie JP. Copper(I)-Iodide Clusters as Carriers for Regulating and Visualizing Release of Aroma Molecules. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:5954-5962. [PMID: 36661841 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c21009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Achieving the controlled release of functional substances is indispensable in many aspects of life. Especially for the aroma molecules, their effective delivery of flavor and fragrance is challenging. Here, selected pyridines, as highly volatile odorants, were individually coordinated with copper(I) iodide (CuII) via a straightforward one-pot synthesis method, rapidly forming pure or even crystalline CuII cluster-based profragrances at room temperature. The obtained profragrances enabled the stable and high loading of volatile fragrances under ambient conditions and guaranteed their long-lasting release during heating. Furthermore, the intrinsic emission luminescence of these solid-state profragrances decayed along with the aroma release, which can serve as an additional indicator for monitoring the delivery process. This research sets a precedent for using CuII clusters as dual-purpose release agents and greatly expands their potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Jun Wu
- Flavour Science Research Center of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Kexue Avenue 100, Zhengzhou, Henan450001, P. R. China
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Fengyang Road, Zhengzhou, Henan450001, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Kexue Avenue 100, Zhengzhou, Henan450001, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Fen Zhang
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Fengyang Road, Zhengzhou, Henan450001, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Kexue Avenue 100, Zhengzhou, Henan450001, P. R. China
| | - Shu-Yu Dai
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Kexue Avenue 100, Zhengzhou, Henan450001, P. R. China
| | - Shuo Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou450001, P. R. China
| | - Wu Fan
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Fengyang Road, Zhengzhou, Henan450001, P. R. China
| | - Jian Mao
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Fengyang Road, Zhengzhou, Henan450001, P. R. China
| | - Qi-Dong Zhang
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Fengyang Road, Zhengzhou, Henan450001, P. R. China
| | - Guo-Bi Chai
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Fengyang Road, Zhengzhou, Henan450001, P. R. China
| | - Qing-Zhao Shi
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Fengyang Road, Zhengzhou, Henan450001, P. R. China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Liu
- Center of Advanced Analysis and Gene Sequencing, Zhengzhou University, Kexue Avenue 100, Zhengzhou, Henan450001, P. R. China
| | - Shu-Sheng Zhang
- Center of Advanced Analysis and Gene Sequencing, Zhengzhou University, Kexue Avenue 100, Zhengzhou, Henan450001, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Ping Xie
- Flavour Science Research Center of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Kexue Avenue 100, Zhengzhou, Henan450001, P. R. China
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Fengyang Road, Zhengzhou, Henan450001, P. R. China
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Song Q, Zhou X, Xue C, Zhang ZA, Feng J, Ji M, Wang L, Liu X, Han J. Multifunctional Quaternary Ammonium Surfactants with Controlled Release of Carbonyl Perfumes. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.130243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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