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Vance SM, Mojsak M, Kinsman LMM, Rae R, Kirk C, Love JB, Morrison CA. Selective Gold Precipitation by a Tertiary Diamide Driven by Thermodynamic Control. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:9332-9345. [PMID: 38722710 PMCID: PMC11110006 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c01279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
The simple diamide ligand L was previously shown to selectively precipitate gold from acidic solutions typical of e-waste leach streams, with precipitation of gallium, iron, tin, and platinum possible under more forcing conditions. Herein, we report direct competition experiments to afford the order of selectivity. Thermal analysis indicates that the gold-, gallium-, and iron-containing precipitates present as the most thermodynamically stable structures at room temperature, while the tin-containing structure does not. Computational modeling established that the precipitation process is thermodynamically driven, with ion exchange calculations matching the observed experimental selectivity ordering. Calculations also show that the stretched ligand conformation seen in the X-ray crystal structure of the gold-containing precipitate is more strained than in the structures of the other metal precipitates, indicating that intermolecular interactions likely dictate the selectivity ordering. This was confirmed through a combination of Hirshfeld, noncovalent interaction (NCI), and quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM) analyses, which highlight favorable halogen···halogen contacts between metalates and pseudo-anagostic C-H···metal interactions in the crystal structure of the gold-containing precipitate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna
S. M. Vance
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
| | - Mateusz Mojsak
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
| | - Luke M. M. Kinsman
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca Rae
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline Kirk
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
| | - Jason B. Love
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
| | - Carole A. Morrison
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
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2
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Baykov SV, Katlenok EA, Baykova SO, Semenov AV, Bokach NA, Boyarskiy VP. Conformation-Associated C··· dz2-Pt II Tetrel Bonding: The Case of Cyclometallated Platinum(II) Complex with 4-Cyanopyridyl Urea Ligand. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4052. [PMID: 38612862 PMCID: PMC11012616 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25074052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The nucleophilic addition of 3-(4-cyanopyridin-2-yl)-1,1-dimethylurea (1) to cis-[Pt(CNXyl)2Cl2] (2) gave a new cyclometallated compound 3. It was characterized by NMR spectroscopy (1H, 13C, 195Pt) and high-resolution mass spectrometry, as well as crystallized to obtain two crystalline forms (3 and 3·2MeCN), whose structures were determined by X-ray diffraction. In the crystalline structure of 3, two conformers (3A and 3B) were identified, while the structure 3·2MeCN had only one conformer 3A. The conformers differed by orientation of the N,N-dimethylcarbamoyl moiety relative to the metallacycle plane. In both crystals 3 and 3·2MeCN, the molecules of the Pt(II) complex are associated into supramolecular dimers, either {3A}2 or {3B}2, via stacking interactions between the planes of two metal centers, which are additionally supported by hydrogen bonding. The theoretical consideration, utilizing a number of computational approaches, demonstrates that the C···dz2(Pt) interaction makes a significant contribution in the total stacking forces in the geometrically optimized dimer [3A]2 and reveals the dz2(Pt)→π*(PyCN) charge transfer (CT). The presence of such CT process allowed for marking the C···Pt contact as a new example of a rare studied phenomenon, namely, tetrel bonding, in which the metal site acts as a Lewis base (an acceptor of noncovalent interaction).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey V. Baykov
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya Nab., Saint Petersburg 199034, Russia; (E.A.K.); (A.V.S.); (V.P.B.)
| | | | | | | | - Nadezhda A. Bokach
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya Nab., Saint Petersburg 199034, Russia; (E.A.K.); (A.V.S.); (V.P.B.)
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3
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Li Y, Zhao C, Wang Z, Zeng Y. Halogen Bond Catalysis: A Physical Chemistry Perspective. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:507-527. [PMID: 38214658 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c06363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
As important noncovalent interactions, halogen bonds have been widely used in material science, supramolecular chemistry, medicinal chemistry, organocatalysis, and other fields. In the past 15 years, halogen bond catalysis has become a developed field in organocatalysis for the catalysts' advantages of being environmentally friendly, inexpensive, and recyclable. Halogen bonds can induce various organic reactions, and halogen bond catalysis has become a powerful alternative to the fully explored hydrogen bond catalysis. From a physical chemistry view, this perspective provides an overview of the latest progress and key examples of halogen bond catalysis via activation of the lone pair systems of organic functional group, π systems, and metal complexes. The research progresses in halogen bond catalysis by our group were also introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
| | - Chang Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
| | - Zhuo Wang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
| | - Yanli Zeng
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
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Radzhabov AD, Ledneva AI, Soldatova NS, Fedorova II, Ivanov DM, Ivanov AA, Yusubov MS, Kukushkin VY, Postnikov PS. Halogen Bond-Involving Self-Assembly of Iodonium Carboxylates: Adding a Dimension to Supramolecular Architecture. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14642. [PMID: 37834088 PMCID: PMC10573078 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
We designed 0D, 1D, and 2D supramolecular assemblies made of diaryliodonium salts (functioning as double σ-hole donors) and carboxylates (as σ-hole acceptors). The association was based on two charge-supported halogen bonds (XB), which occurred between IIII sites of the iodonium cations and the carboxylate anions. The sequential introduction of the carboxylic groups in the aryl ring of the benzoic acid added a dimension to the 0D supramolecular organization of the benzoate, which furnished 1D-chained and 2D-layered structures when terephthalate and trimesate anions, correspondingly, were applied as XB acceptors. The structure-directing XB were studied using DFT calculations under periodic boundary conditions and were followed by the one-electron-potential analysis and the Bader atoms-in-molecules topological analysis of electron density. These theoretical methods confirmed the existence of the XB and verified the philicities of the interaction partners in the designed solid-state structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirbek D. Radzhabov
- Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk 634050, Russia (N.S.S.); (D.M.I.); (M.S.Y.)
| | - Alyona I. Ledneva
- Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk 634050, Russia (N.S.S.); (D.M.I.); (M.S.Y.)
| | - Natalia S. Soldatova
- Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk 634050, Russia (N.S.S.); (D.M.I.); (M.S.Y.)
| | - Irina I. Fedorova
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg 199034, Russia (V.Y.K.)
- Department of Mathematics and Mechanics, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Daniil M. Ivanov
- Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk 634050, Russia (N.S.S.); (D.M.I.); (M.S.Y.)
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg 199034, Russia (V.Y.K.)
| | - Alexey A. Ivanov
- Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk 634050, Russia (N.S.S.); (D.M.I.); (M.S.Y.)
| | - Mekhman S. Yusubov
- Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk 634050, Russia (N.S.S.); (D.M.I.); (M.S.Y.)
| | - Vadim Yu. Kukushkin
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg 199034, Russia (V.Y.K.)
- Institute of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Altai State University, Barnaul 656049, Russia
| | - Pavel S. Postnikov
- Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk 634050, Russia (N.S.S.); (D.M.I.); (M.S.Y.)
- Department of Solid State Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, 16628 Prague, Czech Republic
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Mikherdov AS, Jin M, Ito H. Exploring Au(i) involving halogen bonding with N-heterocyclic carbene Au(i) aryl complexes in crystalline media. Chem Sci 2023; 14:4485-4494. [PMID: 37152261 PMCID: PMC10155931 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc00373f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Among the known types of non-covalent interactions with a Au(i) metal center, Au(i) involving halogen bonding (XB) remains a rare phenomenon that has not been studied systematically. Herein, using five N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) Au(i) aryl complexes and two iodoperfluoroarenes as XB donors, we demonstrated that the XB involving the Au(i) metal center can be predictably obtained for neutral Au(i) complexes using the example of nine co-crystals. The presence of XB involving the Au(i) center was experimentally investigated by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and solid-state 13C CP-MAS NMR methods, and their nature was elucidated through DFT calculations, followed by electron density, electrostatic potential, and orbital analyses. The obtained results revealed a connection between the structure and HOMO localization of Au(i) complexes as XB acceptors, and the geometrical, electronic, and spectroscopic features of XB interactions, as well as the supramolecular structure of the co-crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander S Mikherdov
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University Sapporo Hokkaido 060-8628 Japan
| | - Mingoo Jin
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University Sapporo Hokkaido 060-8628 Japan
| | - Hajime Ito
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University Sapporo Hokkaido 060-8628 Japan
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University Sapporo Hokkaido 060-8628 Japan
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Semenov AV, Baykov SV, Soldatova NS, Geyl KK, Ivanov DM, Frontera A, Boyarskiy VP, Postnikov PS, Kukushkin VY. Noncovalent Chelation by Halogen Bonding in the Design of Metal-Containing Arrays: Assembly of Double σ-Hole Donating Halolium with Cu I-Containing O,O-Donors. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:6128-6137. [PMID: 37000904 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c00229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Five new copper(I) complexes─composed of the paired dibenzohalolium and [CuL2]- (L = 1,2,4-oxadiazolate) counterions in which O,O-atoms of the anion are simultaneously linked to the halogen atom─were generated and isolated as the solid via the three-component reaction between [Cu(MeCN)4](BF4), sodium 1,2,4-oxadiazolates, and dibenzohalolium triflates (or trifluoroacetates). This reaction is different from the previously reported CuI-catalyzed arylation of 1,2,4-oxadiazolones by diaryliodonium salts. Inspection of the solid-state X-ray structures of the complexes revealed the strong three-center X···O,O (X = Br, I) halogen bonding occurred between the oxadiazolate moieties and dibenzohalolium cation. According to performed theoretical calculations, this noncovalent interaction (or noncovalent chelation) was recognized as the main force in the stabilization of the copper(I) complexes. An explanation for the different behavior of complexes, which provide either chelate or nonchelate binding, is based on the occurrence of additional -CH3···π interactions, which were also quantified.
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