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Narjes F, Edfeldt F, Petersen J, Öster L, Hamblet C, Bird J, Bold P, Rae R, Bäck E, Stomilovic S, Zlatoidsky P, Svensson T, Hidestål L, Kunalingam L, Shamovsky I, De Maria L, Gordon E, Lewis RJ, Watcham S, van Rietschoten K, Mudd GE, Harrison H, Chen L, Skynner MJ. Discovery and Characterization of a Bicyclic Peptide (Bicycle) Binder to Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin. J Med Chem 2024; 67:2220-2235. [PMID: 38284169 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c02163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is an epithelial-derived pro-inflammatory cytokine involved in the development of asthma and other atopic diseases. We used Bicycle Therapeutics' proprietary phage display platform to identify bicyclic peptides (Bicycles) with high affinity for TSLP, a target that is difficult to drug with conventional small molecules due to the extended protein-protein interactions it forms with both receptors. The hit series was shown to bind to TSLP in a hotspot, that is also used by IL-7Rα. Guided by the first X-ray crystal structure of a small peptide binding to TSLP and the identification of key metabolites, we were able to improve the proteolytic stability of this series in lung S9 fractions without sacrificing binding affinity. This resulted in the potent Bicycle 46 with nanomolar affinity to TSLP (KD = 13 nM), low plasma clearance of 6.4 mL/min/kg, and an effective half-life of 46 min after intravenous dosing to rats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sophie Watcham
- BicycleTx Limited, Portway Building, Granta Park, Cambridge CB21 6GS, U.K
| | | | - Gemma E Mudd
- BicycleTx Limited, Portway Building, Granta Park, Cambridge CB21 6GS, U.K
| | - Helen Harrison
- BicycleTx Limited, Portway Building, Granta Park, Cambridge CB21 6GS, U.K
| | - Liuhong Chen
- BicycleTx Limited, Portway Building, Granta Park, Cambridge CB21 6GS, U.K
| | - Michael J Skynner
- BicycleTx Limited, Portway Building, Granta Park, Cambridge CB21 6GS, U.K
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Rae R, Belone L, Tafoya E, Yepa M, Cohoe-Belone B, Burbank I, Orosco A, Lacroix-Garcia P, Sherpa M, Wallerstein N. Family listening/circle program: The experience of community action projects to promote family and community wellness in three tribal communities in New Mexico. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1091751. [PMID: 37064692 PMCID: PMC10097941 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1091751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The Family Listening/Circle Program (FLCP) is a community-based participatory research (CBPR), culture-centered, intergenerational family strengthening program that was co-developed in partnership with the University of New Mexico's Center for Participatory Research (UNM-CPR) and three tribal communities (Pueblo of Jemez, Ramah Navajo, and Mescalero Apache) in New Mexico. The Family Listening/Circle Program brings together fourth and fifth graders, their parents, caregivers, and elders to reduce risky behaviors associated with the initiation of substance use among the youth, and to strengthen family communication and connectedness to culture and language as protective factors. Methods The tribal research teams (TRTs) from each community worked with UNM-CPR to co-create, pilot, implement, and evaluate the tribally-specific FL/CP curricula centered in their own tribal histories, language, knowledge, visions, and actions for the future. A key component of the FL/CP involved the planning and completion of community action projects (CAPs) by participating families. During the final session of the program, the families present their community action projects on poster boards, with children leading the presentations. The TRTs and UNM team document narratives of what was shared and learned by the families. Results The CAPs provide an empowerment and community benefit focus based on Paulo Freire's philosophy that people can become agents of change if they identify and work on issues that are important to them. The community action projects are also centered in Indigenous values and practices of reciprocity, responsibility, and being active members of the community. Discussion The CAPs added unique contributions to the Family Listening/Circle Program as the participants' learnings were strengthened when they had the opportunity to give back to their communities. The CAPs were important to document as they illustrated the potential range of effectiveness with their capacity to empower participants to address challenges within their communities, strengthen cultural norms and values, and improve the wellbeing of community members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Rae
- College of Population Health, Center for Participatory Research, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Lorenda Belone
- College of Education, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Eleanor Tafoya
- Department of Education, Jemez Language Program, Jemez Pueblo, NM, United States
| | - Melissa Yepa
- Department of Education, Hemish Pilot Immersion School, Jemez Pueblo, NM, United States
| | | | - Ira Burbank
- Behavioral Health Services, Ramah Navajo School Board, Inc., Pine Hill, NM, United States
| | - Ardena Orosco
- Mescalero Prevention Program, Mescalero, NM, United States
| | | | - Mingma Sherpa
- School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Nina Wallerstein
- College of Population Health, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
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Rae R, Graham MC, Kirk CA. Investigating the hydration of C3A in the presence of the potentially toxic element chromium-a route to remediation? RSC Adv 2022; 12:29329-29337. [PMID: 36320754 PMCID: PMC9555287 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra04497h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Pollution by hexavalent chromium is a growing, global problem. Its presence in public water systems is often the result of industrial activities, both past and present. In this study, tricalcium aluminate (C3A, Ca3Al2O6) is added to solutions of varying concentrations of potassium chromate (K2CrO4) and samples of both the solid and liquid are taken at various time intervals to monitor the removal of chromium from the solutions. Solution concentrations of 0.2 M, 0.1 M, 0.02 M, and 0.01 M are used, and the chromium concentration is found to reduce in all cases. For the 0.02 M solution the chromium concentration is reduced from 1040 ppm to 3.1 ppm in 1 week, and the chromium concentration of the 0.01 M solution is reduced from 520 ppm to 0.26 ppm in only one day of reaction with the C3A. The chromium removed from solution is identified in the solid products, which were fully characterised as being a mixture of ettringite (Ca6[Al(OH)6]2(CrO4)3·26H2O) and monochromate (Ca4[Al(OH)6]2CrO4·8H2O) phases from analysis of Powder X-ray Diffraction and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy data. The work presented here is a proof of concept study to investigate C3A as a potential material for the removal of hexavalent chromium from solution. The results from this study are initial steps towards development of this as a technology for hexavalent chromium remediation. A calcium aluminate material has been successfully used to remove toxic hexavalent chromium from water. A thorough powder X-ray diffraction study was done to determine the composition of the products.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Rae
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of EdinburghJoseph Black Building, David Brewster RoadEdinburghEH9 3FJScotlandUK+44 (0)131 650 4840
| | - Margaret C. Graham
- School of Geosciences, University of EdinburghEdinburghEH9 3JNScotlandUK
| | - Caroline A. Kirk
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of EdinburghJoseph Black Building, David Brewster RoadEdinburghEH9 3FJScotlandUK+44 (0)131 650 4840
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O’Mahony G, Petersen J, Ek M, Rae R, Johansson C, Jianming L, Prokoph N, Bergström F, Bamberg K, Giordanetto F, Zarrouki B, Karlsson D, Hogner A. Discovery by Virtual Screening of an Inhibitor of CDK5-Mediated PPARγ Phosphorylation. ACS Med Chem Lett 2022; 13:681-686. [PMID: 35450368 PMCID: PMC9014497 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.1c00715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Thiazolidinedione PPARγ agonists such as rosiglitazone and pioglitazone are effective antidiabetic drugs, but side effects have limited their use. It has been posited that their positive antidiabetic effects are mainly mediated by the inhibition of the CDK5-mediated Ser273 phosphorylation of PPARγ, whereas the side effects are linked to classical PPARγ agonism. Thus compounds that inhibit PPARγ Ser273 phosphorylation but lack classical PPARγ agonism have been sought as safer antidiabetic therapies. Herein we report the discovery by virtual screening of 10, which is a potent PPARγ binder and in vitro inhibitor of the CDK5-mediated phosphorylation of PPARγ Ser273 and displays negligible PPARγ agonism in a reporter gene assay. The pharmacokinetic properties of 10 are compatible with oral dosing, enabling preclinical in vivo testing, and a 7 day treatment demonstrated an improvement in insulin sensitivity in the ob/ob diabetic mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin O’Mahony
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg 43183, Sweden
| | - Jens Petersen
- Mechanistic and Structural Biology, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg 43183, Sweden
| | - Margareta Ek
- Mechanistic and Structural Biology, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg 43183, Sweden
| | - Rebecca Rae
- Advanced Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg 43183, Sweden
| | - Carina Johansson
- Mechanistic and Structural Biology, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg 43183, Sweden
| | - Liu Jianming
- Discovery Biology, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg 43183, Sweden
| | - Nina Prokoph
- Discovery Biology, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg 43183, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Bergström
- DMPK, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg 43183, Sweden
| | - Krister Bamberg
- Bioscience Metabolism, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg 43183, Sweden
| | - Fabrizio Giordanetto
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg 43183, Sweden
| | - Bader Zarrouki
- Bioscience Metabolism, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg 43183, Sweden
| | - Daniel Karlsson
- Bioscience Metabolism, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg 43183, Sweden
| | - Anders Hogner
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg 43183, Sweden
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Affiliation(s)
- Yantao Chen
- Medicinal Chemistry Department; Research and Early Development; AstraZeneca; Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Carl-Johan Aurell
- Early Chemical Development; Pharmaceutical Sciences; AstraZeneca; Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Rebecca Rae
- Medicinal Chemistry Department; Research and Early Development; Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D; AstraZeneca; Gothenburg Sweden
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Cutler J, Williamson S, Rae R. The effect of sertraline, haloperidol and apomorphine on the behavioural manipulation of slugs (Deroceras invadens) by the nematode Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita. Behav Processes 2019; 165:1-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2019.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Abstract
Exoskeletons have evolved 18 times independently over 550 MYA and are essential for the success of the Gastropoda. The gastropod shell shows a vast array of different sizes, shapes and structures, and is made of conchiolin and calcium carbonate, which provides protection from predators and extreme environmental conditions. Here, I report that the gastropod shell has another function and has been co-opted as a defense system to encase and kill parasitic nematodes. Upon infection, cells on the inner layer of the shell adhere to the nematode cuticle, swarm over its body and fuse it to the inside of the shell. Shells of wild Cepaea nemoralis, C. hortensis and Cornu aspersum from around the U.K. are heavily infected with several nematode species including Caenorhabditis elegans. By examining conchology collections I show that nematodes are permanently fixed in shells for hundreds of years and that nematode encapsulation is a pleisomorphic trait, prevalent in both the achatinoid and non-achatinoid clades of the Stylommatophora (and slugs and shelled slugs), which diverged 90–130 MYA. Taken together, these results show that the shell also evolved to kill parasitic nematodes and this is the only example of an exoskeleton that has been co-opted as an immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Rae
- Liverpool John Moores University, School of Natural Sciences and Psychology, Byrom Street, Liverpool, L33AF, UK.
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Shendo K, Toya A, Tafoya E, Yepa M, Tosa J, Yepa T, Yepa-Waquie H, Gachupin D, Gachupin C, Yepa K, Rae R, Belone L, Tafoya G, Noyes E, Wallerstein N. An Intergenerational Family Community-Based Participatory Research Prevention Program: Hemish of Walatowa Family Circle Program. IHS Prim Care Provid 2012; 37:185-191. [PMID: 35498637 PMCID: PMC9053406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Shendo
- Pueblo of Jemez Department of Education, Jemez Pueblo
| | - Anita Toya
- Pueblo of Jemez Comprehensive Health Center, Jemez Pueblo, New Mexico
| | | | | | - Janice Tosa
- Jemez Pueblo Department of Education, Jemez Pueblo
| | | | | | | | | | - Kristyn Yepa
- Pueblo of Jemez Comprehensive Health Center, Jemez Pueblo
| | - Rebecca Rae
- Public Health Program, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Lorenda Belone
- Health Exercise and Sports Science, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque
| | - Greg Tafoya
- Public Health, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque
| | - Emma Noyes
- Health Exercise and Sport Science, Graduate Program, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque
| | - Nina Wallerstein
- Center for Participatory Research, Professor, Family Community Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque
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Creely KS, Tickner J, Soutar AJ, Hughson GW, Pryde DE, Warren ND, Rae R, Money C, Phillips A, Cherrie JW. Evaluation and further development of EASE model 2.0. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 49:135-45. [PMID: 15734826 DOI: 10.1093/annhyg/meh069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
EASE (Estimation and Assessment of Substance Exposure) is a general model that may be used to predict workplace exposure to a wide range of substances hazardous to health. First developed in the early 1990s, it is now in its second Windows version. This paper provides a critical assessment of the utility and performance of the EASE model, and on the basis of this review, recommendations for the structure of a revised model are outlined. Twenty-seven stakeholders were interviewed about their previous use of EASE, perceived advantages and limitations of the model and suggestions for improvement. A subset of stakeholders was contacted on a second occasion to determine their views on the preferred outputs for an ideal exposure assessment model. Overall, stakeholders felt that the model should be updated to provide more accurate and precise exposure assessments. However, users also expressed the view that the simplicity and usability of the software model should not be compromised. Six studies investigating the validity of the inhalation exposure assessment section of EASE were identified. These showed that the model generally either predicted close to the measured exposures or overestimated exposure; though performance was highly variable. Two studies investigated the validity of the dermal exposure assessment and found that EASE produced considerable overestimates of actual dermal exposure (the amount of a substance that actually lands on the skin). A conceptual model of exposure was developed to investigate whether the structure of the EASE model is appropriate. Although EASE has a number of characteristics that describe exposure, it is a greatly simplified model and does not include all the important exposure determinants. More importantly, EASE can produce estimates of exposure that are ambiguous or incomplete. Our conceptual model may provide a rational basis for developing an improved version of EASE but further consultation is needed to decide the purpose and intended use of any successor to EASE.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Creely
- Institute of Occupational Medicine, Edinburgh, UK.
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Rae R. Nurses, medication and the elderly: a time for review. Lamp 1994; 51:28. [PMID: 7869820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our purpose was to investigate the putative association between immunoglobulin G antibodies to Chlamydia trachomatis and recurrent spontaneous abortions. STUDY DESIGN Sera from 106 idiopathic recurrent aborters and 81 of their partners were tested for immunoglobulin G antichlamydial antibodies by whole inclusion immunofluorescence and compared with 3890 sera from a general antenatal population. Positive sera were further investigated by microimmunofluorescence to determine species (Chlamydia trachomatis, Chlamydia pneumoniae, Chlamydia psittaci) specificity. RESULTS Twenty-six (24.5%) of women with recurrent spontaneous abortions had immunoglobulin G antichlamydial antibodies compared with 28 (34.6%) of their partners (chi 2 2.25, p < 0.05) and 788 (20.3%) of the general antenatal population (chi 2 1.16, p < 0.05), and the incidence of antibody positivity showed no trend with increasing number of previous abortions. Fourteen women with recurrent spontaneous abortions had antibodies to Chlamydia trachomatis, 12 to Chlamydia pneumoniae. The prevalence of antibodies to C. trachomatis did not differ significantly between women with recurrent spontaneous abortions and their partners, but the male partners had a significantly (p = 0.005) higher prevalence of Chlamydia pneumoniae antibodies. Chlamydial antibody seropositivity did not correlate with subfertility or subsequent pregnancy outcome. CONCLUSION There is no association between immunoglobulin G antibodies to Chlamydia trachomatis and recurrent spontaneous abortion.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Rae
- University Department of Medical Microbiology, Simpson Memorial Maternity Pavilion, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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Sekhon AS, Padhye AA, Garg AK, Rae R. Evaluation of the Pro-Lab ID ring system for the identification of medically important yeasts. Mycopathologia 1992; 119:11-6. [PMID: 1406902 DOI: 10.1007/bf00492224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated 151 coded isolates of medically important yeast species belonging to the genera Candida, Cryptococcus, Geotrichum, Rhodoturula, Saccharomyces and Torulopsis using the newly developed rapid Pro-Lab Identification Ring, PL 960 system (PLID-Ring). All isolates were concurrently identified by the API 20C and conventional procedures comprising macro- and micromorphology, assimilation and fermentation of various carbon and nitrogen compounds. The PLID-Ring system identified isolates of Candida albicans, C. kefyr, C. krusei, C. lusitaniae, C. parapsilosis, Rhodotorula rubra, and Torulopsis glabrata with 100% accuracy in 24 h. This system identified C guilliermondii and S. cerevisiae isolates with an accuracy of 90% and 86%, respectively, while those belonging to Cr. neoformans, T. candida (= C. famata), C. rugosa and C. tropicalis were identified with 38.4%, 50%, 12.5% and 50% accuracy, respectively. Three isolates of Cr. laurentii were not identified by the PLID-Ring system. The overall accuracy of the PLID-Ring system was 81.45% (123 of 151 isolates). However, the system does not include species such as Cr. laurentii in its data base. When these three Cr. laurentii isolates were excluded from the evaluation, the accuracy of the PLID-Ring system increased from 81.45% to 83.1%.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Sekhon
- National Reference Centre for Human Mycotic Diseases, Provincial Laboratory of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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Rae R, Roll D. Fire safety training with adults who are profoundly mentally retarded. Ment Retard 1985; 23:26-30. [PMID: 3974445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Kelly JG, Nimmo J, Rae R, Shanks RG, Prescott LF. Spectrophotofluorometric and gas-liquid chromatographic methods for the estimation of mexiletine (Kö 1173) in plasma and urine. J Pharm Pharmacol 1973; 25:550-3. [PMID: 4147052 DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.1973.tb09155.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Methods are presented for the spectrophotofluorometric and gas-liquid chromatographic determination in plasma and urine of the anti-arrhythmic compound, mexiletine (Kö 1173). Both methods involve extraction of the drug from alkaline plasma with ether. In the spectrophotofluorometric method the compound is re-extracted into 0ṁ05n HCl and emission intensity determined at 300 nm with activation at 228 nm. In the chromatographic method the drug is acylated during evaporation of the ether. Both butyryl and acetyl derivatives could be used. Use of a nitrogen-sensitive detector increased the sensitivity and selectivity of the method and allowed more rapid analyses. There was good agreement between results obtained by spectrophotofluorometric and chromatographic methods.
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