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Monreal-Corona R, Besalú E, Pla-Quintana A, Poater A. Photoredox catalysis leading to triazolo-quinoxalinones at room temperature: selectivity of the rate determining step. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:9330-9336. [PMID: 36254586 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01587k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The interest in the fusion product of quinoxalinone skeletons and 1,2,3-triazole units has greatly increased in recent years since they are known to be agonists of G-protein-coupled Niacin receptor 109A and inhibitors of the benzodiazepine and adenosine receptors. Here, we unveil the mechanism for the photoredox catalyzed synthesis of those scaffolds by means of DFT calculations. The calculations indicate that the rate determining step of this transformation is the attack of the in situ generated radical intermediate on the CN bond of the quinoxalinone species to form a new C-C bond. Predictive chemistry here reveals that the energy difference is so subtle, and gives the recipe of which substituents, sterically and electronically, can fit to perform the reaction at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Monreal-Corona
- Institute of Computational Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry, University of Girona, c/Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Emili Besalú
- Institute of Computational Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry, University of Girona, c/Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Anna Pla-Quintana
- Institute of Computational Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry, University of Girona, c/Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Albert Poater
- Institute of Computational Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry, University of Girona, c/Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain.
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2
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Karumban KS, Muley A, Giri B, Kumbhakar S, Kella T, Shee D, Maji S. Synthesis, characterization, structural, redox and electrocatalytic proton reduction properties of cobalt polypyridyl complexes. Inorganica Chim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2021.120637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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3
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Palo A, La Ganga G, Nastasi F, Guelfi M, Bortoluzzi M, Pampaloni G, Puntoriero F, Campagna S, Marchetti F. Unsymmetrical Dinuclear Ru
II
Complexes with Bridging Polydentate Nitrogen Ligands as Potential Water Oxidation Catalysts. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202000931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alice Palo
- Università di Pisa Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale Via G. Moruzzi 13 56124 Pisa Italy
| | - Giuseppina La Ganga
- Università di Messina Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche Biologiche Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali
- Interuniversitary Research Center for Artificial Photosynthesis (SOLAR-CHEM) Via F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31 98166 Messina Italy
| | - Francesco Nastasi
- Università di Messina Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche Biologiche Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali
- Interuniversitary Research Center for Artificial Photosynthesis (SOLAR-CHEM) Via F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31 98166 Messina Italy
| | - Massimo Guelfi
- Università di Pisa Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale Via G. Moruzzi 13 56124 Pisa Italy
| | - Marco Bortoluzzi
- Ca' Foscari Università di Venezia Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi Via Torino 155 30170 Mestre (VE) Italy
| | - Guido Pampaloni
- Università di Pisa Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale Via G. Moruzzi 13 56124 Pisa Italy
| | - Fausto Puntoriero
- Università di Messina Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche Biologiche Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali
- Interuniversitary Research Center for Artificial Photosynthesis (SOLAR-CHEM) Via F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31 98166 Messina Italy
| | - Sebastiano Campagna
- Università di Messina Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche Biologiche Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali
- Interuniversitary Research Center for Artificial Photosynthesis (SOLAR-CHEM) Via F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31 98166 Messina Italy
| | - Fabio Marchetti
- Università di Pisa Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale Via G. Moruzzi 13 56124 Pisa Italy
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Luque-Urrutia JA, Kamdar JM, Grotjahn DB, Solà M, Poater A. Understanding the performance of a bisphosphonate Ru water oxidation catalyst. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:14052-14060. [DOI: 10.1039/d0dt02253e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Water oxidation catalysts (WOCs) are a key part of generating H2 from water and sunlight, consequently, it is a promising process for the production of clean energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús A. Luque-Urrutia
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química
- Universitat de Girona
- 17003 Girona
- Spain
| | - Jayneil M. Kamdar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- San Diego State University
- San Diego
- USA
| | - Douglas B. Grotjahn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- San Diego State University
- San Diego
- USA
| | - Miquel Solà
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química
- Universitat de Girona
- 17003 Girona
- Spain
| | - Albert Poater
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química
- Universitat de Girona
- 17003 Girona
- Spain
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5
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Determination of pKa Values via ab initio Molecular Dynamics and its Application to Transition Metal-Based Water Oxidation Catalysts. INORGANICS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/inorganics7060073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The p K a values are important for the in-depth elucidation of catalytic processes, the computational determination of which has been challenging. The first simulation protocols employing ab initio molecular dynamics simulations to calculate p K a values appeared almost two decades ago. Since then several slightly different methods have been proposed. We compare the performance of various evaluation methods in order to determine the most reliable protocol when it comes to simulate p K a values of transition metal-based complexes, such as the here investigated Ru-based water oxidation catalysts. The latter are of high interest for sustainable solar-light driven water splitting, and understanding of the underlying reaction mechanism is crucial for their further development.
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Hu MN, Zhang WQ, Liu H, He PX, Liu P, Wang YY, Li JL. Five complexes based on a new racemic tetraoxaspiro ligand: correlation of potential coordination preferences with the structure, magnetic properties and luminescence properties. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:3862-3873. [PMID: 30667430 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt04051f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new ligand, rac-(R,S)-3,9-bis(pyridin-3-yl)-2,4,8,10-tetraoxaspiro[5.5]undecane ((R,S)-bptu), is synthesized, and five novel complexes, namely, {[Cu[(R,S)-bptu]Cl2]·0.5NMP}n (1), {[Zn[(R,S)-bptu]Cl2]·CH3CN}n (2), {Cd2[(R,S)-bptu]2Cl4(NMP)2}n (3), {[Cd[(R,S)-bptu]2Cl2]·2CH3CN}n (4), and {Cd3[(R,S)-bptu]2Cl6(DMF)2}n (5), (NMP = N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, DMF = N,N-dimethylformamide), are obtained via a layered diffusional reaction. (R,S)-bptu and complexes 1-5 are characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, element analyses, powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermogravimetric analyses (TGA). Complexes 1-3 show three different 1D structures: 1 is a mesomeric looped chain, 2 is a racemic helix compound, and 3 is a mesomeric zigzag chain, while 4 and 5 are two different mesomeric 2D structures, of which 4 is a 2D wave-like layer and 5 is a 2D cellular layer. Structural diversity indicates that the coordination preferences (cis- and trans-configurations) of (R,S)-bptu play a leading role in the self-assembly of complexes: cis-bptu tends to form one-dimensional structures 1-3, while trans-bptu is easier to construct higher dimensional structures 4-5. Secondly, the different transition metal atom M(ii) adopts diverse geometry in 1-5: Cu(ii) adopts square pyramidal geometry in 1, Zn(ii) employs a tetrahedron configuration in 2, and especially in 3-5, Cd(ii) displays a trigonal bipyramidal configuration, cis-cis-trans, cis and trans octahedral configuration. Finally, the different solvent system, the coordinated/free solvent, and the secondary building units (SBUs) affect the diversification of the structure. A variable temperature magnetic susceptibility investigation manifests that antiferromagnetic interactions exist between the neighbouring metal ions in 1. Furthermore, the luminescence properties of 2-5 are investigated in the solid state at room temperature, and 4 shows highly selective and sensitive sensing for Fe3+ ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Na Hu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Physico-Inorganic Chemistry, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, P. R. China.
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8
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Jiang Y, Gendy C, Roesler R. Nickel, Ruthenium, and Rhodium NCN-Pincer Complexes Featuring a Six-Membered N-Heterocyclic Carbene Central Moiety and Pyridyl Pendant Arms. Organometallics 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanmin Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4 Canada
| | - Chris Gendy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4 Canada
| | - Roland Roesler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4 Canada
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Schilling M, Böhler M, Luber S. Towards the rational design of the Py5-ligand framework for ruthenium-based water oxidation catalysts. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:10480-10490. [DOI: 10.1039/c8dt01209a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An in–depth view on the water oxidation mechanism of Py5-derived Ru catalysts, paving the way for rational design of analogous water oxidation catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Schilling
- University of Zurich
- Department of Chemistry C Winterthurerstrasse
- CH-8057 Zurich
- Switzerland
| | - Michael Böhler
- University of Zurich
- Department of Chemistry C Winterthurerstrasse
- CH-8057 Zurich
- Switzerland
| | - Sandra Luber
- University of Zurich
- Department of Chemistry C Winterthurerstrasse
- CH-8057 Zurich
- Switzerland
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10
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Gil-Sepulcre M, Böhler M, Schilling M, Bozoglian F, Bachmann C, Scherrer D, Fox T, Spingler B, Gimbert-Suriñach C, Alberto R, Bofill R, Sala X, Luber S, Richmond CJ, Llobet A. Ruthenium Water Oxidation Catalysts based on Pentapyridyl Ligands. CHEMSUSCHEM 2017; 10:4517-4525. [PMID: 29068156 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201701747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Ruthenium complexes containing the pentapyridyl ligand 6,6''-(methoxy(pyridin-2-yl)methylene)di-2,2'-bipyridine (L-OMe) of general formula trans-[RuII (X)(L-OMe-κ-N5 )]n+ (X=Cl, n=1, trans-1+ ; X=H2 O, n=2, trans-22+ ) have been isolated and characterized in solution (by NMR and UV/Vis spectroscopy) and in the solid state by XRD. Both complexes undergo a series of substitution reactions at oxidation state RuII and RuIII when dissolved in aqueous triflic acid-trifluoroethanol solutions as monitored by UV/Vis spectroscopy, and the corresponding rate constants were determined. In particular, aqueous solutions of the RuIII -Cl complex trans-[RuIII (Cl)(L-OMe-κ-N5 )]2+ (trans-12+ ) generates a family of Ru aquo complexes, namely trans-[RuIII (H2 O)(L-OMe-κ-N5 )]3+ (trans-23+ ), [RuIII (H2 O)2 (L-OMe-κ-N4 )]3+ (trans-33+ ), and [RuIII (Cl)(H2 O)(L-OMe-κ-N4 )]2+ (trans-42+ ). Although complex trans-42+ is a powerful water oxidation catalyst, complex trans-23+ has only a moderate activity and trans-33+ shows no activity. A parallel study with related complexes containing the methyl-substituted ligand 6,6''-(1-pyridin-2-yl)ethane-1,1-diyl)di-2,2'-bipyridine (L-Me) was carried out. The behavior of all of these catalysts has been rationalized based on substitution kinetics, oxygen evolution kinetics, electrochemical properties, and density functional theory calculations. The best catalyst, trans-42+ , reaches turnover frequencies of 0.71 s-1 using CeIV as a sacrificial oxidant, with oxidative efficiencies above 95 %.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Gil-Sepulcre
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia, ICIQ, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Michael Böhler
- Department of Chemistry B/C, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mauro Schilling
- Department of Chemistry B/C, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Fernando Bozoglian
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia, ICIQ, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Cyril Bachmann
- Department of Chemistry B/C, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dominik Scherrer
- Department of Chemistry B/C, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Fox
- Department of Chemistry B/C, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bernhard Spingler
- Department of Chemistry B/C, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Roger Alberto
- Department of Chemistry B/C, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roger Bofill
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Sala
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sandra Luber
- Department of Chemistry B/C, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Craig J Richmond
- Department of Chemistry B/C, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Antoni Llobet
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia, ICIQ, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
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11
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Seck C, Mbaye MD, Coufourier S, Lator A, Lohier JF, Poater A, Ward TR, Gaillard S, Renaud JL. Alkylation of Ketones Catalyzed by Bifunctional Iron Complexes: From Mechanistic Understanding to Application. ChemCatChem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201701241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Seck
- Normandie Université, LCMT, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS; 6 boulevard du Maréchal Juin 14050 Caen France
- Université Assane Seck de Ziguinchor; BP 523 Ziguinchor Sénégal
| | - Mbaye Diagne Mbaye
- Normandie Université, LCMT, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS; 6 boulevard du Maréchal Juin 14050 Caen France
- Université Assane Seck de Ziguinchor; BP 523 Ziguinchor Sénégal
| | - Sébastien Coufourier
- Normandie Université, LCMT, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS; 6 boulevard du Maréchal Juin 14050 Caen France
| | - Alexis Lator
- Normandie Université, LCMT, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS; 6 boulevard du Maréchal Juin 14050 Caen France
| | - Jean-François Lohier
- Normandie Université, LCMT, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS; 6 boulevard du Maréchal Juin 14050 Caen France
| | - Albert Poater
- Departament de Química, Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi, IQCC; Universitat de Girona; Campus de Montilivi 17003 Girona Catalonia Spain
| | - Thomas R. Ward
- Department of Chemistry; University of Basel; Spitalstrasse 51 CH-4056 Basel Switzerland
| | - Sylvain Gaillard
- Normandie Université, LCMT, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS; 6 boulevard du Maréchal Juin 14050 Caen France
| | - Jean-Luc Renaud
- Normandie Université, LCMT, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS; 6 boulevard du Maréchal Juin 14050 Caen France
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Leggesse EG, Tong WR, Nachimuthu S, Chen TY, Jiang JC. Theoretical study on photochemistry of Irgacure 907. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2017.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Park SV, Berry JF. Synthesis, characterization and solution behavior of a systematic series of pentapyridyl-supported Ru II complexes: comparison to bimetallic analogs. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:9118-9125. [PMID: 28664959 PMCID: PMC6774635 DOI: 10.1039/c7dt01847a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of RuII complexes stabilized with the pentapyridyl ligand Py5Me2 (Py5Me2 = 2,6-bis(1,1-bis(2-pyridyl)ethyl)pyridine) and with an axial X ligand (X = Cl-, H2O, N3-, MeCN) were prepared and characterized in the solid state and in non-aqueous solution. The cyclic voltammograms of these complexes in MeCN reflect a reversible substitution of the axial X ligand with MeCN. Irreversible ligand substitution of [(Py5Me2)RuN3]+ is also observed in propylene carbonate, but only at oxidizing potentials that decompose the azide ligand. The monometallic chloride and azide species are compared with analogous Ru2 metal-metal bonded complexes, which have been reported to undergo irreversible chloride dissociation upon reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungho V Park
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.
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Kaur S, Kumar V, Chawla M, Cavallo L, Poater A, Upadhyay N. Pesticides Curbing Soil Fertility: Effect of Complexation of Free Metal Ions. Front Chem 2017; 5:43. [PMID: 28725644 PMCID: PMC5495828 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2017.00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Researchers have suggested that the reason behind infertility is pernicious effect of broad spectrum pesticides on non target, beneficial microorganism of soil. Here, studying the chelating effect of selective organophosphate and carbamate pesticides with essential metal ions, at all possible combinations of three different pH (4 ± 0.05, 7 ± 0.05 and 9 ± 0.05) and three different temperatures (15 ± 0.5°C, 30 ± 0.5°C and 45 ± 0.5°C), shows very fast rate of reaction which further increases with increase of pH and temperature. Carbonyl oxygen of carbamate and phosphate oxygen of organophosphate were found to be common ligating sites among all the complexes. Formed metal complexes were found to be highly stable and water insoluble on interaction with essential metal ions in solvent medium as well as over silica. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations not only reinforced the experimental observations, but, after a wide computational conformational analysis, unraveled the nature of the high stable undesired species that consist of pesticides complexed by metal ions from the soil. All in all, apart from the direct toxicity of pesticides, the indirect effect by means of complexation of free metal ions impoverishes the soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukhmanpreet Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, Lovely Professional UniversityJalandhar, India
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Lovely Professional UniversityJalandhar, India
- Regional Ayurveda Research Institute for Drug DevelopmentGwalior, India
| | - Mohit Chawla
- Kaust Catalysis Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and TechnologyThuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Luigi Cavallo
- Kaust Catalysis Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and TechnologyThuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Albert Poater
- Kaust Catalysis Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and TechnologyThuwal, Saudi Arabia
- Departament de Química, Facultat de Ciències, Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi, Universitat de GironaGirona, Spain
| | - Niraj Upadhyay
- Department of Chemistry, Lovely Professional UniversityJalandhar, India
- Department of Chemistry, Dr. Harisingh Gour VishwavidyalayaSagar, India
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